ADJUSTABLE SPEED INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE

NAME : A.C.D.PERERA
INDEX NO : 080340M
FIELD : ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
COURSE : BSc Eng.
DATE OF PER : 17 – 01 - 2011
DATE OF SUB : 26 – 01 – 2011
 OBSERVATION SHEET

NAME : A.C.D. PERERA

INDEX NO. : 080340M
GROUP : EE - 09
FIELD : ELECTRICAL
DATE : 17 – 01 - 2011
INSTRUCTED BY :

b. Measurement of speed control characteristics

Speed input
Vs / fs
potentiomete Vdc (V) Vs (V) Is (A) Ws (W) Fs (kHz) Nr (rpm)
(V/Hz)
r setting
0 12 0 1.10 10 0 0 0
1 14 10 0.80 10 0.000833 31.9 12
2 20 15 0.85 15 0.0025 67.7 6
3 28 22 0.85 15 0.00433 123 5.08
4 34 27 0.75 20 0.006 171.7 4.50
5 42 32 0.75 20 0.008 224.8 4
6 52 42 0.75 25 0.01 287.5 4.20
7 62 50 0.80 30 0.012 344.3 4.167
8 132 106 0.90 70 0.0255 744.8 4.16
9 206 168 0.90 130 0.04 1204 4.20

c. Measurement of speed control characteristics with voltage control

Voltage feed-
back
Vs (V) Vdc (V) Nr (rpm) Is (A) Ws (W)
potentiomete
r setting
0 104 128 734.8 0.85 60
1 122 148 738.8 0.95 70
2 138 168 741.0 1.10 80
3 152 186 742.6 1.20 80
4 164 200 743.6 1.35 90
5 178 218 744.5 1.50 100
6 194 240 745.2 1.80 120
7 208 254 745.7 2.05 140
8 208 254 745.8 2.05 140
d. Measurement of motor input waveforms

CALCULATIONS

b) Measurement of speed control characteristics

Speed input
potentiomete Fs (kHz) Nr (rpm)
r setting
0 0 0
1 0.000833 31.9
2 0.0025 67.7
3 0.00433 123
4 0.006 171.7
5 0.008 224.8
6 0.01 287.5
7 0.012 344.3
8 0.0255 744.8
9 0.04 1204
 Motor speed (Nr) Vs Freequency(fs)
1400

1200

1000

800
Speed (rpm)

600

400

200

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Frequency (Hz)

Speed input
V s / fs
potentiomete Fs (kHz)
(V/Hz)
r setting
0 0 0
1 0.000833 12
2 0.0025 6
3 0.00433 5.08
4 0.006 4.50
5 0.008 4
6 0.01 4.20
7 0.012 4.167
8 0.0255 4.16
9 0.04 4.20
 Vs / fs vs fs
14

12

10

8
Vs/fs (V/Hz)

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Frequency (Hz)

Speed input
potentiomete Is (A) Fs (kHz)
r setting
0 1.10 0
1 0.80 0.000833
2 0.85 0.0025
3 0.85 0.00433
4 0.75 0.006
5 0.75 0.008
6 0.75 0.01
7 0.80 0.012
8 0.90 0.0255
9 0.90 0.04
 Motot current (Is) vs Frequency(fs)
1.2

0.8

0.6
Is (A)

0.4

0.2

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Frequency(Hz)

Speed input
potentiomete Ws (W) Fs (kHz)
r setting
0 10 0
1 10 0.000833
2 15 0.0025
3 15 0.00433
4 20 0.006
5 20 0.008
6 25 0.01
7 30 0.012
8 70 0.0255
9 130 0.04
 Ws vs fs
140

120

100

80
Ws (W)

60

40

20

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Frequency (Hz)
c) Measurement of speed control characteristics with voltage control

Voltage feed-
back
Vs (V) Nr (rpm)
potentiomete
r setting
0 104 734.8
1 122 738.8
2 138 741.0
3 152 742.6
4 164 743.6
5 178 744.5
6 194 745.2
7 208 745.7
8 208 745.8

Nr vs Vs
748

746

744

742

740
Motor speed (rpm)

738

736

734

732

730

728
50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230

Inverter output voltage(V)

 Voltage feed-
back
Vs (V) Is (A)
potentiomete
r setting
0 104 0.85
1 122 0.95
2 138 1.10
3 152 1.20
4 164 1.35
5 178 1.50
6 194 1.80
7 208 2.05
8 208 2.05

Is vs Vs
2.5

1.5
Is (A)

0.5

0
50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230

Vs (V)
 Voltage feed-
back
Vs (V) Ws (W)
potentiomete
r setting
0 104 60
1 122 70
2 138 80
3 152 80
4 164 90
5 178 100
6 194 120
7 208 140
8 208 140

Ws vs Vs
160

140

120

100
Ws (W)

80

60

40

20

0
50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230

Vs (V)
 DISCUSSION

i. The motive for keeping V/f constant with adjustable speed drives

By using variable frequency control, it is possible to adjust the speed of the motor either above or below
base speed. But it is important to maintain certain voltage and torque limitations on the motor as the
frequency is varied, to ensure safe operation.
When running at speeds below the base speed of the motor, it is necessary to reduce the terminal
voltage applied to the stator for proper operation. The terminal voltage applied to the stator should be
decreased linearly with decreasing stator frequency. If it is not done, the steel in the core of the
induction motor will saturate and excessive magnetization currents will flow in the machine. This is
because,
In an induction motor induce emf (E) is proportional to supply frequency and air-gap flux ,
E∝f ∅
If we can ignore the stator resistance and inductance then E will be approximately equal to V s (Stator
supply voltage),
E≅V s
Then, V s ∝ f ∅
Vs
∅∝
f
Therefore when we decrease f keeping the stator supply voltage constant the flux in the core of the
motor will increase and the magnetization current of the motor will also increase. But induction motors
are normally designed to operate near the saturation point on their magnetization curves, so the increase
in flux due to decrease in frequency will cause excessive magnetization currents to flow in the motor.
To avoid from this effect it is customary to keep V/f ratio constant.

ii. Why not V is increased with f for speeds above the rated speed, and how this affects the motor
torque.

When the electrical frequency applied to the motor exceeds the rated frequency of the motor, the stator
voltage is held constant at the rated value. Although saturation considerations would permit the voltage
to be raised above the rated value under these circumstances, it is limited to the rated voltage to protect
the winding insulation of the motor.
Because we increase electrical frequency while maintaining the voltage constant, the resulting flux in
the machine decreases. Hence the maximum torque decreases with it.

iii. Compare the degree of speed controllability with frequency control and voltage control

By using variable frequency control, it is possible to adjust the speed of the motor either above or below
base speed. A properly designed variable frequency induction motor can control the speed over a range
from as little as 5% of base speed up to about twice base speed.
The torque developed by an induction motor is proportional to the square of the applied voltage.
Therefore the speed of the motor may be controlled over a limited range by varying the line voltage.
This method is sometimes used on small motor driving fans.
 iv. Comment on the motor voltage and current waveforms.

Voltage wave form has taken approximately the shape of a square waveform.
Due to harmonics added by the control circuit current wave form doesn’t give a purely sinusoidal
waveform. Therefore it has taken a complex shape.

v. Outline the salient features of control circuit giving reasons for the use of different
potentiometers.

The two potentiometers VR1 and VR2 on the slow-up/slow-down circuits are used to adjust the rate of
change of speedinput signal. Potentiometers VR1 and VR3 of the N-I error amplfier are used to adjust
the voltage and current feed back ratios respectively. VR2 and VR4 to adjust the control signal transient
and VR5 to adjust fial signal range. Since the voltage feed back potentiometer affect the converrter
section only it can be used to change Vdc without affecting fs.