Urbanism 1

Asa Darmatriaji/4053184
A . Understanding of Urbanism relative to my country of origin
A.1 History of Bandung (18th - 19th century)
With the brief prerequisite through the historical aspect, that before 17th century Bandung was
run in the kingdom system and the city name ‘Bandung’, West Java, Indonesia, it was started
well publicized around Indonesia. On 1786, a road, connecting
Jakarta, Bogor, Cianjur, Bandung, Sumedang as the major attractors to all citizens. VOC the
colonial trade alliance from Netherlands was reigned the governmental processes in Bandung
during 1677-1799. The fall of VOC on 1799 was mainly caused of their bankruptcy, under the
local leadership of RA Wiranatakusumah II, and the alliance leadership as the first Governor
General Herman Willem Daendels (1808-1811) the starting point of a city has begun with the first
bridge built in Asia Afrika road . After this event General H.W. Daendels declared on 25
September 1810 that the city center, square, and other attributes at this area has to be built by
the local leadership, therefore this date was set as the city anniversary and it has been
established under R.A. Wiranatakusumah leadership . He is the founding father of Bandung
city.

The city was developed rigorously during end of 18th century until early 19th century with
1.1 Location of Bandung City 1.2 Border of Bandung City
provision of train, road that links from East and West side of West Java, and many other features
for the town that increased rapidly in relation to the population of the European Inhabitants in
Bandung. After Indonesian Independence on 1945 onwards, the city developed in a rapid
transformation. Natural resources have been exploited excessively. Nowadays the city
population growth and the impact is moving toward unwanted condition for the city.

A.2 Bandung Images (Late 18th - Early 19th century)

ROAD BETWEEN KOPO & CIWIDEY GREAT MOSQUE & CITY SQUARE SOUTH PART OF OLD BRAGA ROAD RIAU ROAD ASIAN-AFRICAN ROAD
1.3 5 Images from 1880, 1890, 1911, 1917, 1920
We could see the from the images above, Bandung in about 1880-1920 was a city that based on agricultural development.
*1.1; 1.2: http://maps.google.com/ Bandung, West Java Indonesia
*1.3: http://rinaldimunir.wordpress.com/2009/12/10/foto-foto-bandung-tempo-doeloe/
CITY HALL PARK INSTITUTE TECHNOLOGY BANDUNG INTERSECTION OF RIAU ROAD AND AHMAD YANI ROAD

JAARBEURS COMPLEX JAARBEURS COMPLEX AERIAL VIEW BANDUNG CITY SQUARE

1.4 6 Images from 1920, 1923, 1930, 1938 1.5 CURRENT AERIAL VIEW OF BANDUNG

Bandung has the quality of well planned city thus act as main attractor for people to live and Herman Thomas Karsten has designed Bandung, town planning in
work in Bandung, besides the soft weather, fertile land, and the hospitable people, and also 1941, ideally for 750.000 population2, and apparently in year 2010, the
the city has Technische Hogeschool now known as Institute Technology Bandung. All described city has grown until now 2,5 million3 population . Which certainly will
before were main reason a lot of people wanted to live in Bandung on that period. create the inequality, lack of balance between the numbers of facilities
provided with the total numbers of inhabitants. Recently Bandung is
prepared for 2,9 million population until year of 2013.

*1.4: http://rinaldimunir.wordpress.com/2009/12/10/foto-foto-bandung-tempo-doeloe/ *1, 3: http://arsitekturku.wordpress.com/2010/04/17/menuju-kota-gagal/

*1.5: http://www.oyunlab.com/photo/Bandung47582.jpg *2 : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung
A.3 CITY COMPARISON FROM 1920-1930 WITH 2010 A.4 CITY POPULATION GROWTH WITHIN 1930 -2010
3,000,000
Population
Year (people)
2,500,000
1930 511,000

2,000,000 1960 902,000

1970 1,263,000
1,500,000
1980 1,774,000
BANDUNG 1920 BANDUNG 2010
1,000,000 1990 2,096,463

2000 2,142,194
500,000
2005 2,270,970
0
2010 2,393,663
1930 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2010
1.7 GROWTH FLUCTUATION IN BANDUNG

Between 1950 and year 2000, the population of Bandung, Indonesia has changed 567.1%.
BANDUNG 1925 BANDUNG 2010 From 2000-2010 the population increased by 11, 74 % which need the large improvement
on the city attributes and many other consideration for the public welfare. Despite that it
may pushed the city toward a lot of inequality condition majoring on all aspects.

BANDUNG 1930 BANDUNG 2010

1.6 OLD AND NEW BANDUNG CITY COMPARISON

*1.6: http://bandungsae.com/oldnew.htm
The comparison Bandung in early 19th century until 2010, the only *1.7:http://books.mongabay.com
major difference is the agglomeration of functions that sporadically /population_estimates/1950-2000/Bandung-Indonesia.html
http://www.bandung.go.id/c/9/images/download/BAB3_BDA2005.pdf
spread all over Bandung currently. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung
A.5 FEW MAIN FACTORS FOR BANDUNG AS A CITY TO LIVE IN
1.8 UNIVERSITIES MAP IN BANDUNG
Currently Bandung comprises of 3 state universities, 11 private
university and 64 academy. In total 78 numbers of higher
formal education after high school. Which by nature was an
incredible numbers that offer a lot of scholar to flock in the
city. In the other hand, it is a new opportunity for local and
foreign investor to run the educational business within the city
which majorly grow promptly within a year. The increment of
numbers in universities it means a horizontal growth of total
number of citizens that will come or the one stayed to study in
Bandung. The impact as the student are more each year, it
has really close relation in total numbers of vehicle that are
being brought into the city without control which in the end
caused traffic jam every day, and a lot of other unresolved
issues regarding this condition.
1.9 MALLS IN BANDUNG
As the city growth rapidly every year the appearance of malls
are started from the center of Bandung, and it starts to spread
toward North, South, West, East part and there are some new
establishment of malls around Bandung that are not
completed yet. In total apparently Bandung has 32 malls
which conclude that there are demands economically either
from the local citizens or the weekend travelers which keep
them alive in the business industry. I assumed Bandung people
are majorly supporting the consumerism lifestyle that has been
an example since the Dutch era as I know, otherwise all the
malls will be closed down within a year. It was in a way
another way for the people to relieve the stress as they live in
hectic urban condition nowadays. Malls are fully filled during
night, and especially weekends.
1.10 APARTMENTS IN BANDUNG
Vacant land has been scarce in 21st century as land value has
amazingly increased, the trend of building a new highrise
apartment has influenced the nature of the
investor, government, which nowadays has changed the
typology of a landed houses starting to transform to a new
built apartment. Predominantly start from the city center area
and start spread over all around the city. It became another
trend in Bandung to own at least one unit of these highrise
apartments. Despite that a lot of local citizens are insisting on
appearance of these new mega structure among the city
itself which mainly used for middle class economy and
above, in vice versa condition was disobeyed purely by the
investor and also by the local government. By having these 8
numbers of apartments a few conservation areas was
disrupted and may effect toward unwanted condition in the
future, yet development still run without disturbance.
A.6 PARKS, HOTEL, BOUTIQUE-FACTORY OUTLET-SOUVENIR SHOP AS CITY LIFESTYLE FACTOR
1.11 URBAN PARKS IN BANDUNG
Bandung has 6 major urban parks that was not enough in
comparison with the area of Bandung that was about 167.7
km2. The emphasis of reforestation for all areas in Bandung has
to be sounded as the global warming that due to the effect
of imbalance environment that from a soft weather starting to
become polluted, hotter, and less greenery which accounted
several climate problems for the city inhabitants.
1.12 HOTELS IN BANDUNG
The city has become one of the first choice to be visited
within weekends time for people from Jakarta and all the
satellite city around Bandung, It brought significance numbers
of star hotels which comprises of 72 hotels from 1 star rating up
to 5 star . rating. It was not considered with the hostel type
which in total approximately about 150 hostels spread all over
Bandung. It was one of the successful business to run in
town, since the demand are really high.
1.13 BOUTIQUE, FACTORY OUTLET, SOUVENIR IN BANDUNG
Boutique, factory outlet, souvenir are really famous in
Bandung, it has been one of few reasons why people should
visit Bandung and it was developed naturally from the
demands from the consumer that equally high every year
and it was one of the attraction to shop and buy a
souvenir, local distro, and many others. In fact, this is the main
reason of the traffic jam that happened especially on
weekend, this kind of shopping lifestyle which was not
supported with sufficient parking lots, reorganizations of major
roads, and many other problems that occurred until now.
A.7 DAGO AS THE NEW CITY CENTER

Dago street Shopping Café or Street cafe Factory Outlet

Dago street or known as Ir. Haji Juanda Street was used to be a public thoroughfare that
connect North part of Bandung with the city center , and it was prominent for a high class
1.11 URBAN PARKS IN BANDUNG residential area that a lot of important people in Bandung had lived there for sometimes around
Medical center/Hospital 1950 until 1980. Afterwards, it starts to change one by one having it mixed with another function
School/University in the house and it was more and more variation of functions that were erected ranging from
Hotel school, hospital, bank, and nowadays it is famous for its long stretch of café and factory outlet
where every people gather in Dago street until now.
Apartment
Mall
Main function programs that were filling up at Dago street were shopping, Café, Factory
Factory Outlet
Outlet, and it was a public meeting point to promote the healthy life by riding bicycle around
Café & Restaurant this area. Thus creates traffic problems, small industry waste accumulation, insufficient parking
Park lots, and it is a crowded area for Saturday night in Bandung, and many other impacts that was
Monument much more remain unresolved until now. Despite that now Dago is the new corridor that act as
the city center for the city. It is also the place that gives the color to the young generation
Dago street
culture, and so forth.
keyplan
A.8 CONCLUSION

The urbanism understanding from my country of origin are listed below :

1. Bandung used to be a city that based on agricultural development has changed to a city that focused
on business education, malls and apartment as the main attractor for people to live in the city;
2. The city planning quality from the colonial era is still there, it needs reorganization, nurture the citizens
with good consciousness, and team work between the citizen with the government to refine the
physical condition nowadays, Bandung needs to be resolved within all the city aspects that remain
unresolved which are waste management system, water management system, relocation of residential
areas, and many others aspects;
3. Bandung development concentration was densely on the center part, which creating lack of balance
on the South and East part of Bandung, it was clearly showing the agglomeration of functions are
forced within the center of Bandung;
4. The city growth rapidly and it needs the government to take control over the consensus condition that
has been immensely increased such as birth rate, economic development, and in the other hands it
needs rigorous law reinforcement to protect a lot of aspects for the better future in the city;
5. The attraction of the city like the soft weather, fresh air, green boulevard, are the important aspects that
1.14 MAPPING OF PREDOMINANT FUNCTIONS IN BANDUNG
need to be reintroduced within the city that has changed to a really dense condition, besides that all
the city attributes are majorly there;
6. The city lifestyle was prominently focused in weekend shopping as one a way to relieve the stress from
the city condition, besides that café & restaurant take parts on the shopping area as the accumulation
of people were gathered;
7. The garden development has to be maintained to keep the city as it was the flower city of Indonesia
and also Paris Pan Java, as people on 1930;s loved to live in Bandung because its charm of the nature
and the culture.
B . Urban Changes Characteristic and Visualization of Bandung City
Bandung city, place where I lived in, situated in Indonesia. It’s a capital city of West
Java, covering an area of 167.7 km2. It is the third largest city and second largest
JAKARTA
metropolitan city in Indonesia. It’s famous for its education at University level that brings a
lot of young scholar around the city. For about ten years until current, 2010, the city was
developed with great significance of urban changes that was mainly encouraged by a few
BANDUNG
major infrastructures like Cipularang highway that encompasses Jakarta and Bandung 2.1 CIPULARANG TOLL HIGHWAY 2.2 CIPULARANG TOLL IMAGE

within 1,5 hour driving time; Pasupati bridge that was erected on 2005, making an ease
connection between West and East Bandung, vice versa but it destroyed the beautiful
Pasteur public thoroughfare that was so famous before for its frame by palm trees on both
road sides; an agglomeration of a new mixed used building along Ir. Haji Juanda road that
Pasupati
significantly shifting the city centre from Alun-Alun or Agung Mosque Square; and also the bridge

unsuccessful city centre around Agung Mosque, Pendopo or veranda for city mayor that
couldn’t accommodate the public realm with inadequate green spaces, parking
2.3 PASUPATI BRIDGE MAP 2.4 PASUPATI BRIDGE IMAGE
areas, activities generator, and so forth. Renewal of building functions around the city
centre with numerous numbers of new hotels, malls, electronic centre, supermarket, are
giving big implications to the city movement. Hence, the city has major problem ranging
from unorganized waste disposal system, jumbled traffic, and flood at certain areas, many new city Factory
center outlet
homeless people, and so on. However, Bandung still attracts people flocking into the
old city
city, either as weekend travellers or permanently stayed in. center

2.5 CITY CENTER SHIFT 2.6 AGGLOMERATION OF FACTORY OUTLET

PASUPATI BRIDGE
As we always see what happened after the
structure of a new built structure
erected, people always see the general
picture. Despite that a lot of new
phenomena's found under Pasupati bridge
that currently used for many purposes e.g.
abandoned land for waste collection, street
art like graffiti or street music, and while
raining it is a large umbrella, and it was a
small coffe shop in certain part under the
2.7 PASUPATI BRIDGE IMAGES bridge. The bridge has brought a new
OLD CITY CENTER AND NEW CITY CENTER typology of way of living nowaday.
Bandung has one square that has been the city centre
since early 19th century and until late 19th century and now
the existence has been diminished because the space
itself was no longer able to accommodate the city
necessities and now the city centre has moved toward
north and it was totally opposite, in comparison where the
old square was a symbolic configuration of a city center
and the new city center was a main road that give the life
to the city and it was the most prominent area for business
in Bandung.
2.8 OLD AND CITY CENTER IMAGE

FACTORY OUTLET
Factory Outlet is the most wanted commodity in
Bandung, either for local people or for weekend travellers
and it has been spread over around three main streets in
Bandung, they are at jalan riau, jalan dago, jalan otten
and it has been always full without any doubt to add even
more factory outlet as long as it is located next to the
existing function now. It is a lifestyle to shop as the first
choice during the weekend to relieve the condition of
being lived in urban city such like Bandung, Bogor, and the
capital city of Indonesia/Jakarta.
2.9 FACTORY OUTLET IMAGES
As Bandung sited at the large numbers of volcanic terrain approximately 2400m with
elevation above 768m above sea level with range of 400km2 flat land that runs over
2340.88km2 wide of Bandung basin, this land formation typifies a lot of residential that is
sitting on a hill side or steep slope considering the potential of city view at night, yet the
climate is colder in a high land. Having known the potential view toward the city a lot of CAFÉ AGGLOMERATION

NEW RESIDENTIAL SETTLEMENT AREA

investors are making real estate, villa, hotel, cafe, and amusement park were taken place 2.10 CAFÉ AND NEW RESIDENTIAL SETTLEMENT AREA

spread at highland that mostly in the North area as the highest part of Bandung. Variations
of land type in Bandung were extensively broadening the range of possibilities for investors
to deem their capital in Bandung which also developed Bandung in rapid occurrence.
Economically, Bandung was famous with the creative industries, foremost its textile
2.11 IMAGES OF CAFÉ AND NEW RESIDENTIAL
factories, leather products, jeans products, and nonetheless tourism, manufacturing
companies, education institutions, factory outlets are the main supporting factors for the
economic growth. By understanding the nature of the economic factors it was generated
the building typologies which are mainly single or double storey buildings and a few
varieties of three to four storey buildings. Recently, 2007-2010, appearance of high rise
2.12 IMAGES OF JEANS, LEATHER SHOES, CLOTHING OF LOCAL PRODUCT SHOPS
tower in Bandung was prominently fast spread over the city area; mostly used of
apartment buildings that is bringing more people from other provinces to stay permanently
in Bandung. As another major city problem that was evenly important remains unsolved is
the ownership of each individual person of motor vehicle that brought the insufficient road
sizes around city and ended up with traffic problems.
2.13 IMAGES OF NEW BUILT APARTMENT
Looking back through history, there was a period where the city was very ideal as a city to
live in; the ideal situation of Bandung was occurred during early 19th century, where the
city planning was according to a formal representation of relation between important
notions of the city with the buildings or spaces, which was very organized within a grid
planning. Therefore Bandung known as Paris Van Java and It was given due to its beauty
and charms of the basin area which is the most residential and commercial taken place and
its enclosure of volcanic terrain where all fertile lands are abundant. It happened when
Bandung still reigned by Dutch, It was flourished time of colonial Dutch architecture era
that famous for the tropical Art Deco style that was striven from culture of local traditional
2.14 MAPPING OF NEARBY CITY URBANISATION TOWARD BANDUNG

architecture and shaped as a new modern style. As the city growth fast
after, 1945, Independence Day, it was growing organically and sporadically majorly because
of the urbanizations of people from Cianjur city, Garut city, Tasikmalaya city, and few other
cities that is surrounding within the West Java territory but it was never balanced with
sufficient city attributes. It was forced because the opportunities of having an urban life
instead of Jakarta which was even more crowded until present. Nowadays architecture of
the city was varying from classical notions, modern, eclecticism, preserving the art
deco, and mixture of post modern ideas with the local architecture. These variations create
2.15 ART DECO HISTORICAL ASSETS : VILLA ISOLA, VIADUCT, SUKAMISKIN PRISON, BANK, BRAGAWEG
faces of the city and it is neither good nor bad, it depends in whose believe which is the
ideal for the city.
Lately there was a public manifesto that concerns about the pollution created by motor
vehicles that brought a concept of health life by riding bicycle has given a large impact to
the city planning e.g. there is new road division specifically for the bicycle rider around
town, it was a good exercise for the citizens, yet it was only occurred during weekends
where a lot of main roads are no longer accessible by motor vehicles. In spite of that
numbers of motor vehicles during weekends was never less even though some major roads
are blocked, these events was because most of people from outside Bandung was 2.16 NEW BICYCLE PATH AROUND NEW CITY CENTER

incredibly rapid coming to Bandung to spend their weekends, either for shopping, looking
for leisure place, or visiting their family, and a lot of other reasons as the attractor. Again
here we could see that Bandung has very dynamic increase in total numbers of people that
occupies approximately 16500/km2. Hence the natural resources will be excessively
exploited, in respect to the total numbers of the city residents.

Above mentioned descriptively all aspects about Bandung, personally I still conclude that
Bandung is an idyllic city for everyone because of the hospitable people, fertile land, and
many others positive reasons for it, despite that the urban major problems are remain
unsolved.

2.17 INAPPROPRIATE RESIDENTIAL AREA, UNMANAGE WASTE ISSUE, FLOOD AT CERTAIN AREA, TRAFFIC JAM
C . Visualization of Legibility, Permeability, Variety, Robustness
Piazza Monumento a Vittorio Emanuele II, Rome, Italy Piazza della Repubblica, Rome, Italy Arc De Triomphe, Paris, France

3 Images of Legibility
Kavalierstraβe, Dessau, Germany Einkaufszentrum , Dessau, Germany Basilica S.Pietro, Rome, Italy

3 Images of Permeability
Quai de l’Hotel de Ville, Paris, France Rue du Commerce, Paris, France Berlin, Germany

3 Images of Variety
Piazza Duomo, Milan, Italy Johanniskirche, Dessau, Germany Hotel de Ville, Paris, France

3 Images of Robustness
D . Visualization of Place, District, Zone, Break
Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France Parc de la Villete, Paris, France Fontana di Trevi, Rome, Italy

3 Images of Place
Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, Milan, Italy Hausmanstrasse, Dessau, Germany Via Malcontenta 40, Venice, Italy

3 Images of District
Grand Canal, Venice, Italy Weimar, Germany Vitra Museum, Wheil am Rhein, Germany

3 Images of Zone
Tiergartenbruecke bridge, Dessau, Germany Dessau Center, Germany Dessau, Germany

3 Images of Break
E . Visualization of my town of Origin (Color & Structure)
Sketch of Bandung city
F. Identification & Signification of Built Form, Street, Nature
 Identification
The area that has been selected to reflect the key
term of built form, street, and nature . It was the
old town square or city center that as it shown in
the fact where the dominance of built form
which approximately took about 90% of the whole
area that are accumulation of varieties of
function, where the agung mosque , Palaguna
plaza , main post office and varying scale of
shops, and so on. In fact, the nature that is going
across within this area , Cikapundung river, it has
been abandoned or in other words it is not taking
any importance part to the role of the city center.

The area are subdivided by major roads and it is

interconnected by the secondary road. The
artificial nature that has taken place right in front
of the mosque that supposed to served as the
main public plaza it doesn’t play its role as it
supposed to be, presumably it has been affected
to non-improvement in terms of function and also
it doesn’t reflect the needs of people relative to
the needs of the people who lived in Bandung.

Signification
Major Road SecondaryRoad Artificial Nature Built-Form Cikapundung River
The clarity of this old town square could be
described as follow:
Built form 90 %
Roads 5%
Artificial Nature & Nature 5%

Built-Form, Street, Nature (Bandung Old Town Square)

G. 3 Examples of Preservation & 3 Examples of New Structure
Description
At Braga street known as Braga Weg before
Indonesia independence day, this area, it was the
most prominent area around 1930-1990 and it has
been intruded by new high rise structure it was
because there are no law reinforcement to
protect one of the oldest colonial architecture in
the world. Therefore there has been on going
discussion from the local apparatus that has been
insisting of the new structure addition to this area,
and again there are a lot discrepancies.
Description
Bandung is now becoming more dense as the population growth increased
rapidly, the area that supposed to serve as the water reservation area and it is a
preservation area for North Bandung water supply and also water supply for the
city center, without the government and the local law device being active
participating to protect this zone from the new settlement of urban housing that
will continue eating up the preservation land, it will grow toward a lot of
inequality within the few years in the future. This area has to be preserved as a
water reservation for the necessity for the city.
Description
Gedung sate that now functioned as the Governor’s
office, it has been built on 1920’s. It was famous known as
neo classical style with mixed with the local architecture
as an example of western architecture mixed with the
eastern culture. It is preserved by the government as a
landmark belong to the city, the building itself facing
toward the mountatin on the North.
3 Examples of Preservation
Description
Pasupati bridge is a new landmark in other hand it creates more
problems than without its presence . It stretched from West
Bandung toward the East Bandung and it branches at some major
Center of Bandung. It is a stayed cable system that stretch about
2.8km and it has lead several issues that brought more problems
than injecting a value to the city. But in a way the city has to be
developed with its contradiction when its erected.
Description
Galeri Ciumbuleuit Apartment & Hotel is
located in the residential area where this
zone is protected as the low residential area
and as the demands from the buyer are high
it happened the new apartment and hotel
which comprises of 19 storey it has been
erected in 2003 and now it has influenced
everywhere in Bandung to develop vertical
unit of living as a style but not because its
needed to do so. This new structure brought
good and bad impact as the city continue
to develop.
Description
Cihampelas Walk & Hotel is located in the city center area, on early
year of 2000 it comprises of two main functions commercial and
residential and it grown beyond the boundary, now it transformed as a
hotel and it took a large built up area quite extensive and it creates
the major congestion in cihampelas street almost everyday, and it
developed the surrounding area rapidly and transformed to many
variety of function.
3 Examples of New Structure