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David Sudjiman
“Being different is hard, but not being different is harder.”
Multiplexing works in a such way that the hosts will not experience what is happening in between. It is MUX job Categories
to craft the electric signal and put it into one high-capacity circuit. On another end, other MUX will examine the Select
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amount of data that can be carried, Multiplexing evolves as well to take advantages of newer technology.
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Nowadays, there are several methods to carry data in a multiplexed environment. This article will describe the
varieties of multiplexing technology based on a chronological order. These methods are Frequency Division
Multiplexing, Time Division Multiplexing, and Statistical Division Multiplexing.
Horak (1996) [2] explain that Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) can be described
by dividing the single high-capacity channel into several smaller-capacity
channels (sub-channel). Each sub channel transmits data simultaneously using
different frequency so that each sub-channel has its own frequency to use and
is not affecting other subchannels.
According to Horak (1996) [2] FDM has drawback by dedicating such frequency
to several smaller circuits even though the designated channel is not
using it.
Figure 2 illustrate how FDM works by dividing one channel into several frequencies including the Guard-band act
as delimiter for each logical sub-channel
so that the interference from other sub-channel using the same physical circuit
can be minimized. For example, in Figure 2, the multiplexed circuit is divided
into 4 frequencies. Channel #1 using 0-800 Hz for its data transfer and delimited
by 200 Hz Guard-band. Channel #2 using 1000-1800 Hz and delimited by
200 Hz too; and so on.
Horak (1996) [2] give the example of FDM usage in digital communication
area. It is currently use on broadband Local Area Network, cellular radio, and
some digitized voice applications.
According to Horak (1996) [2] data for each device are sent in a serial fashion
from one end multiplexer to the other end so that device #1 transmit on time
slot #1, device #2 transmit on the next time slot and so on. On the receiver,
multiplexer will try to recognize that the first data time slot is for device #1
and the next data time slot is for the next device which is #2. Therefore, the
multiplexer must have the proper time synchronization with other end multiplexer.
On the other hand, Fitzgerald and Dennis (2001, p.97) [1] believes that
TDM is more efficient than FDM as TDM does not use Guard-bands anymore.
Therefore, a 64-Kbps circuit can be fully occupied for 4 circuits with each of
the circuit will have 6-Kbps speed.
Horak (1996) [2] also mentioned that the main drawback of TDM is that
one channel is dedicated to its own use even though the channel is broken or
inactive. This means that if the Device #1 uses Channel #1 and Device #1 is
broken, the time slot for data transmission will still be dedicated to Device #1.
Horak (1996) [2] states that ‘…they (STDM) can invoke flow control options
that cause a transmitting terminal to cease transmission temporarily in the
event that the MUX’s internal buffer, or temporary memory device, is full‘.
Horak (1996) [2] also mentioned that each individual channels can be grouped
to provide faster transmission rate (super-rate). This usually necessary for Voice
data or Video Conferencing. On the other hand, each individual channel also can be subdivided into slower speed
(sub-rate).
Conclusion
The multiplexing techniques offer different ways to transmit data from several
slower-speed circuit through one single high-speed circuit.
FDM, which comes to the first part of this discussion, offers the simplest
its clear my mind about TDM. B/C it give such a great idea.
kk
April 22nd, 2010 at 7:00 am
i could really understand the TDM, FDM and their differences.. thanks
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