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    No confirmed causes, but brain injuries, genetics, and some prenatal factors can contribute to the incidence of ADHD. A speech or language impairment where the student fails to send or receive communication effectively. Emotional disturbances interfere with the child's learning Causes: physical abuse, poverty, and biological factors can cause the disorder.

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    No confirmed causes, but brain injuries, genetics, and some prenatal factors can contribute to the incidence of ADHD. A speech or language impairment where the student fails to send or receive communication effectively. Emotional disturbances interfere with the child's learning Causes: physical abuse, poverty, and biological factors can cause the disorder.

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    60 views6 pages

    Disability Fact Sheets

    Uploaded by

    aocheath
    No confirmed causes, but brain injuries, genetics, and some prenatal factors can contribute to the incidence of ADHD. A speech or language impairment where the student fails to send or receive communication effectively. Emotional disturbances interfere with the child's learning Causes: physical abuse, poverty, and biological factors can cause the disorder.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 6

    Definition: difficulties with attention,

    focus, and self-control

    Causes: no confirmed causes however,


    researchers believe brain injuries, genetics,
    and some prenatal factors can contribute
    to the incidence of ADHD

    Disability Characteristics: difficulties with sustained


    attention at a task, maintaining levels of
    hyperactivity, and controlling one’s response to
    the environment around them

    Fact Prevalence: estimated between 3%-7%

    Sheets Strategies for Teaching:


    •  help students with time management
    •  provide specific instructions

    For
    •  model study skills
    •  manage the learning environment to keep
    distractions to a minimum
    •  facilitate self-regulation skills in students

    Teachers
    •  help students develop organizational skills

    Facts from:

    ADHD
    Smith, D. D., & Tyler, N. C. (2010). Introduction to special education:
    Making a difference (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill
    Definition: a speech or language Definition: disorder where emotional
    impairment where the student fails or behavioral disturbances interfere
    to send or receive communication with the child’s learning
    effectively
    Causes: brain damage, malfunction of Causes: physical abuse, poverty, and
    speech mechanisms, physical problems, biological factors can cause the disorder
    medical problems, genetic conditions,
    illness, injury, coexisting disabilities
    Characteristics: substitution, omission, distortion, Characteristics: can been seen in tantrums,
    addition, poor voice quality, unable to follow aggression, noncompliance, coercive
    directions, unable to match letters with sounds, behaviors, and poor academic performance
    unable to understand rhymes, syllables, or
    concept formation
    Prevalence: 19% of all students with disabilities Prevalence: 1% of school children are identified

    Strategies for Teaching: Strategies for Teaching:


    •  rephrase, repeat, and provide multiple variations of •  create positive behavior reward systems
    directions •  provide immediate reinforcement of positive
    •  begin with one-step instructions and build to multi- behaviors
    step •  teach empathy, social skills, and problem-solving
    •  communicate with facial expressions and gestures skills regularly
    •  explicitly teach social conventions •  be aware of situations that can escalate quickly
    •  encourage vocabulary words in discussions •  be prepared with proper conflict training
    •  provide longer wait time for answering •  prepare other students and staff with emergency
    plans

    Communication Emotional/Behavioral
    Disorders disorders
    Definition: umbrella of disorders Definition: difficulties with academic
    including autism, asperger and emotional success and progress
    syndrome, and pervasive thereafter
    developmental disorder
    Causes: neurobiological disorder and Causes: most often unknown, however
    genetics some cases can be attributed to
    neurological problems or genetics

    Characteristics: poor social interactions, Characteristics: difficulty in the ability to listen,


    communication abilities, insistence on think, speak, read, write, spell, or do
    consistency in daily routines, unusual behavior mathematics.
    patterns

    Prevalence: 0.34% of school age children Prevalence: 5% of children in school

    Strategies for Teaching: Strategies for Teaching:


    •  develop a consistent routine •  encourage the child’s strengths, interests, and
    •  avoid unexpected changes abilities
    •  communicate instructions and consequences •  be realistic in expectations and demands
    clearly •  involve the child in creating rules and routines
    •  use direct statements •  create healthy learning environments
    •  provide constant feedback •  modify instruction and activities
    •  use concrete and visual examples •  provide constructive feedback

    Autism Spectrum
    disorders Learning disabilities
    Definition: inability or partial Definition: inability or partial
    impairment of sight which interferes impairment of hearing which
    with the child’s learning interferes with the child’s learning

    Causes: premature births, heredity, Causes: heredity and genetics, meningitis,


    accidents, injuries otitis media, noise

    Types: myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, Characteristics: hearing is limited or non-


    amblyopia, strabismus, nystagmus, glaucoma, existent, ranges from mild to profound
    aniridia, cataract, diabetic retinopathy,
    macular degeneration, retinopathy of
    prematurity, retinal detachment, atrophy
    Prevalence: 1 in 4 school age children Prevalence: 0.14% of all students

    Strategies for Teaching: Strategies for Teaching:


    •  simplify layout and eliminate clutter in the •  articulate speech directly to students
    classroom •  use gestures for communication needs
    •  familiarize student with potential problem areas or •  maintain eyelevel when speaking with student
    new situations •  reduce classroom noise
    •  secure floor coverings to the floor •  consult special education teachers for possible
    •  modify lighting and potential glares in the assistive technology needs
    classroom •  collaborate with student’s family
    •  use contrasting colors in instruction •  provide assistance with other classmates

    Visual Hearing
    impairments impairments
    Definition: individuals with physical Definition: individuals with health
    challenges that affect their conditions that impact their ability to
    educational achievement learn

    Causes: genetics, car accidents, water Causes: infections, diseases, asthma,


    accidents, gun wounds, sports injuries, and poisons, toxins, premature birth, genetics
    child abuse

    Types: seizure disorders, cerebral palsy, spinal Types: asthma, diabetes, cystic fibrosis,
    cord disorders, muscular dystrophy, polio, congenital heart defects, tuberculosis, cancer,
    multiple sclerosis, arthritis, limb deficiencies, blood disorders, STORCH, HIV, AIDS, hepatitis B
    skeletal disorders

    Prevalence: 0.11% of all children Prevalence: 1.16% of all children

    Strategies for Teaching: Strategies for Teaching:


    •  organize the seating and furniture to allow large • organize the seating and furniture to allow large
    passageways passageways
    •  consult with the special education teachers for •  consult with the special education teachers for
    assistive technology assistive technology
    •  modify instruction to accommodate the student’s •  modify instruction to accommodate the student’s
    abilities abilities
    •  maintain flexible scheduling for support services •  maintain flexible scheduling for support services

    Physical health
    disabilities impairments
    Definition: injury to the brain that References:
    total or partial deterioration of brain Smith, D. D., & Tyler, N. C.
    functions (2010). Introduction to special
    education: making a difference(7th ed.).
    Causes: transportation accidents, violence, Columbus, Ohio: Merrill.
    sports injuries, child abuse
    Image Citations:
    http://www.flickr.com/photos/
    Characteristics: headaches, fatigue, pagedooley/2474926476/sizes/z/in/
    imbalance, paralysis, memory problems, photostream/
    disorganization, unbalanced emotions,
    difficulty with multi-step instructions and
    problem solving Additional Resources:
    Prevalence: 0.04% of all students http://www.nichcy.org/Disabilities/
    Categories/Pages/Default.aspx
    http://www.ci.maryville.tn.us/mhs/
    MCSsped/IDEAcat.htm
    Strategies for Teaching:
    •  consistent schedule and routine http://www.education.com/reference/
    •  reduction of distractions article/IDEA-disabilities-categories/
    •  modified assignments
    •  provide multiple opportunities for practice

    Angelyn Cheatham
    Southern Methodist University
    Special Topics in Special Education for General
    Education Teachers
    EDU 6389

    Brain injury

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