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Three Wise Men Bearing Gifts Initiation
n Christian tradition the Magi, also known as the Three Wise Men, the Three
I Kings, or Kings from the East, were probably Persian priests, proficient in
astrology. The Gospel of Matthew states that they came "from the east to
Jerusalem" to worship the Christ, "born King of the Jews". The Magi were the first religious
figures to worship Christ, and for this reason the story of the Magi is particularly
respected and popular among many Christians. Over the centuries, the Christian church has
embroidered many circumstantial details about the Magi. One of the most important
changes was their “promotion” from astrologers to kings. The general view is that this is
linked to Old Testament prophesies that have the Messiah being worshipped by kings in
Isaiah and the Psalms.
A known as the Star of Bethlehem. Unlike Luke, the Matthew pays no attention to
the actual birth of Jesus, focusing instead on what occurred before and after.
Skipping the actual birth, Matthew introduces the Magi, who have come to pay their
respects, while accidentally informing King Herod of Jesus' existence. The word Magi is a
Latinization of the plural of the Greek word magos (Μαγος , pl. Μαγοι), which is a
derivative from Old Persian Magupati. The term is a specific occupational title referring
to the priestly caste of a branch of Zoroastrianism. As part of their religion, these priests
paid particular attention to the stars, and gained an international reputation for
astrology.
t that time astrology was a highly regarded science, only later giving rise to
A aspects of mathematics and astronomy, as well as the modern and less respectable
practice of fortune-telling going by the same name. An indication of their
astrological credentials is in the phrase translated in the King James Version of the Bible
that Herod inquired of them diligently, which is actually a Greek technical word referring
directly to astrological sciences of the time.
erod tried to trick them into revealing where Jesus was, so that he might be put to
H death. Upon finding Jesus, the Magi gave him an unspecified number of gifts,
amongst which were three highly symbolic ones: gold, frankincense and myrrh.
Because these three gifts were recorded, there is a perception that there were three givers,
although the Gospel account is silent on this matter.
he Magi were then warned in dreams that revealed Herod's deadly intentions for
T the child and decided to return home by a different route, in order to thwart them.
This prompted Herod to resort to killing all the young children in Bethlehem, an act
called the Massacre of the Innocents, in an attempt to eliminate a rival heir to his throne.
Jesus and his family had, however, escaped to Egypt beforehand. After these events, the
magi returned home and passed into historical obscurity.
n the West the names of the Magi have been settled since the 8th century as
I Caspar, Melchior and Balthasar. The names of the Magi derive from an early 6th
century Greek manuscript in Alexandria. Different names have been used in other
traditions. Marco Polo claimed that he was shown the three tombs of the Magi at Saba
south of Tehran in the 1270s, in which their bodies were still intact, with hair and beard
remaining
Shrine of the Three Kings at Cologne Cathedral, according to tradition, contains
A the bones of the Three Wise Men. Reputedly they were first discovered by Saint
Helena on her famous pilgrimage to Palestine and the Holy Lands. She took the
remains to the church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople. They were later moved to Milan,
before being sent to their current resting place by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I in
AD 1164. The City of Milan celebrates its part in the tradition by holding a medieval
costume parade every 6 January.
pon meeting Jesus, the Magi are described as handing over gifts and "falling
U down" in joyous praise. The use of the term "falling down" more properly means
lying prostrate on the ground, which, together with the use of kneeling in Luke's
birth narrative, had an important effect on Christian religious practice. Previously both
Jewish and Roman tradition had viewed kneeling and prostration as undignified, reserved
in Jewish tradition for manifestations of God, although for Persians it was a sign of great
respect, often showed to the king. But inspired by these verses, kneeling and prostration
were adopted in the early Church. While prostration is generally no longer featured,
kneeling has remained an important element of Christian worship to this day.
hree of the gifts are explicitly identified in Matthew — gold, frankincense and
T myrrh. In a hymn of the late 4th-century Spanish poet Prudentius, the three gifts
have already gained their medieval interpretation as prophetic emblems of Jesus'
identity, familiar in the carol We Three Kings by John Henry Hopkins, Jr., 1857.
The gifts are prophetic and symbolic — gold as a symbol of kingship on earth, frankincense
as a symbol of priestly office, and myrrh (embalming oil) as a symbol of death.
he gifts themselves have also been criticized as useless to a poor carpenter and his
T family. This has often been the target of comic satire in television and other
comedy. What subsequently happened to the gifts is never mentioned in the
scripture, but several traditions have developed. One story has the gold being stolen by the
two thieves who were later crucified alongside Jesus. Another tale has the gold being
entrusted to and then misappropriated by Judas. Another story is that the family quickly
pawned or sold them and used the money to finance their flight to Egypt.
n the Monastery of St. Paul of Mount Athos there is a 15th century golden case
I containing purportedly the Gifts of the Magi. Apparently this was part of the
relics of the Holy Palace of Constantinople and it is claimed they were displayed
there since the 4th century AD. After the Athens earthquake of September 9, 1999 they
were temporarily displayed in Athens in order to strengthen faith and raise money for
earthquake victims.
here is still great controversy over exactly what the Magi saw in the skies. The
T modern distinction between stars and planets was unknown. Was it a shooting
star or even a comet? Readers who want to know more will find adequate and
conflicting material in the reference books or in Wikipedia. They certainly saw something
which, for them, was of great significance.
H between the date of their arrival and the date of Jesus' birth. Matthew's
introduction of the Magi gives the reader no reason to believe that they were
present on the night of the birth, instead stating that they arrived at some point after
Jesus had been born (perhaps as much as a year).
Christianity celebrates the Magi on the day of Epiphany, January 6, the last of the twelve
days of Christmas.
tradition in Central Europe involves writing the initials of the three kings above
A the main door of the home to confer blessings on the occupants for the New Year.
For example, K + M + B 2008.
In France and Belgium, the holiday is celebrated with a special tradition: within a family, a
cake is baked which contains one single bean. Whoever gets the bean is "crowned" king for
the remainder of the holiday.
his tradition also exists in Spain, but with one small variant; the cake, in this case
In Mexico they have the same ring-shaped cake Rosca de Reyes, it contains figurines of the
Baby Jesus. Whoever gets a figurine is supposed to buy tamales for the Candelaria feast
(Candlemas) on February the second.
he Magi have featured in much religious and devotional art over the centuries.
T More generally the Magi appear in popular Nativity scenes and other Christmas
decorations. They are featured in Menotti's opera Amahl and the Night Visitors,
and in several Christmas carols, of which the best-known English one is We Three Kings.
Sentimental narrative detail is included in the novel and movie Ben-Hur. Balthasar appears
there as an old man, who goes back to Palestine to see the former child Jesus become an
adult. It has been suggested that Christmas cards featuring the Magi outsell those with
shepherds. The twentieth-century poet T.S. Eliot wrote a poem The Journey of the Magi
(1927).
t is worth remembering that these Magi came, bringing their gifts, from a very
I different religious tradition to Jesus. To the Jews, they were outsiders, even
descendants of ancient enemies. Historically, astrologers have not been particularly
welcome in most Christian or Jewish traditions. Most religions (and this includes the new
Age) believe they are right and, by implication, all others are wrong. Jesus belongs to all
religious traditions yet is the property of none, as he transcends them all and should not be
denied to any.
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Adress:
I AM University , Dr Joshua David Stone & Gloria Excelsias
Postfach 13, 4866 Unterach am Attersee, Austria - Europe