Single phase AC to DC

Converter
 Characteristic of an ideal Diode
I AK
A K

To turn on : VAK should be made +ve

To turn off: VAK should be made –ve

and as a fall out
I AK becomes zero
Half wave rectifier feeding R Load

id

D
+
vs Vo R
_
Vs
id
π 2π wt

+ D

vs Vo R
_
id

π wt
1
π
V0 = ∫ Vm sin ωt d ( wt )
Vo 2π 0
Vm
=
π wt π
Half wave rectifier feeding L Load

id

D
+
vs Vo L
_
Vs

id

id
D
+
vs Vo L
t
_
Vo

t
Vs

id

D
id +
vs Vo L
t
_
Vo

t
Half wave rectifier feeding R-L Load

id

D R
+
vs Vo
_ L
Vs

t
id

D R
id +
vs Vo
t _ L
Vo

t
 id
+
Vs
D Vo
R t

_
vs
L id

Vo

t
 id
Issue of Filtering
id
+
D D
+ Vo
R
_
vs Vo R vs
L
_

Vs
Vs

t
t

id
id

t t

Vo Vo

t t
 Characteristic of an ideal Thyistor
Ig

I AK
A K

To turn on : VAK should be made +ve

and

Ig should be +ve
 Characteristic of an ideal Thyistor
Ig

I AK
A K

To turn off: VAK should be made –ve

and as a fall out when
IAK becomes zero
• Turn on transient

•Turn on time

•Latching Current

•Turn off transient

•Turn off time of Thyristor

 id

T1
Vs vs Vo R

π 2π wt

ig

id α π
1
V0 = ∫
2π α
Vm sin ωt d (ωt )
π
wt

Vm
Vo
= (1 + cos α )
2π
π wt
Vs

wt

ig

id

wt

Vo

wt
FULL CONTROLLED BRIDGE (Two Quadrant Converter)

L
T1 T3

a
a + n Vo DC
Motor
T4 T2
n
_
FULLY CONTROLLED BRIDGE (Two Quadrant Converter)

ia

L
T1 T3

a
a + n Vo
Ra
T4 T2 Eb
_
n = K eφω
 van vna
E
b
ia

γ
L
T1 T3

α
a
π +α a + n Vo
Ra

_ T4 T2 Eb
n = K eφω

van = Vm sin ωt
vna = Vm sin(ωt − 1800 ) = −Vm sin ωt
 van vna
E
b ia

L
T1 T3
ia
γ
a
a + n Vo
Ra

α π +α wt n
_ T4 T2 Eb
= K eφω

van = Vm sin ωt
vna = Vm sin(ωt − 180 ) = −Vm sin ωt
0
 van vna
E ia
b
L
T1 T3
ia
γ
a
a + n Vo
Ra
α π +α wt
_
T4 T2 Eb
n = K eφω

π +α
2
T1,2 Vo = ∫α V sin ωt d (ωt )
2π
m

2Vm
T
3,4 = cos α
π
Effect of ripple on motor performance:

• Deterioration in commutation – leading

to motor derating
• Increment in copper loss
• Torque pulsations
 van vna
E
b

ia
γ ia

α π +α T1 T3
L

a
a+ n Vo
Ra
T4 T2 Eb
_
n = K eφω
T1,2

T
3,4
Discontinuous Mode of conduction

• firing angle becomes large

• speed becomes high
• load torque becomes low
 van vna ia
E
b T1 T3
L
v
o a
i +
γ a n Vo
a Ra
α π +α _ T4 T2 Eb
n = K eφω

T1,2 α >γ
and
T
3,4 ia (α ) = 0
2Vm
Vo ≠ cos α
π
 ia

L
T1 T3
is van vna
a
a n Vo
Ra E
b
T4 T2 Eb
n = K eφω
ia
γ
α π +α

When T1 and T2 conduct:

i s = ia
is T1__T2

When T3 and T4 conduct T __T

3 4

is = - ia
 ∞ ∞
is = ∑ an cos nωt + ∑ bn sin nωt
n =1 n =1
α π +α 2π
1 1 1
bn = ∫ −i sin nωt d (ωt ) + ∫α ia sin nωt d (ωt ) + ∫ −i sin nωt d (ωt )
π 0
a
π ππα +
a

α π +α 2π
1 1 1
an = ∫ −i cos nωt d (ωt ) + ∫α ia cos nωt d (ωt ) + ∫ −i cos nωt d (ωt )
π 0
a
π ππα +
a

1 4
In = an 2 + bn 2 , ˆI1 = ia van vna
2 π E
b
−1 b1
φ1 = tan =α ia
a1 γ
α π +α

is T1__T2

T __T
3 4
Starting of a converter fed dc motor

ia
van vna
L
T1 T3

a
a n Vo
Ra
T4 T2 Eb
Eb n = K eφω

α is set almost at 1800

and then progressively
decreased
 Regenerative braking of a converter
fed dc motor drive ia
+
L

V0 < Eb
T1 T3

a A
a n Vo
Ra
T4 T2 +
Eb
_
_= K eφω
n

ia < 0 AA

In Motoring Mode
But ia cannot flow
in reverse direction through the thyristors.
Then?
 ia
+
L
T1 T3

a A
a n Vo
Ra
In Motoring Mode
T4 T2 +
Eb
_
_= K eφω
n
AA

2Vm
Vo = cos α
_
ia π
L
T1 T3

a AA
a n Vo
Ra
In Regenerative
T4 T
2 Eb
_
Braking Mode
n = K eφω +
+ A
 Inverting Mode of Operation ia
van vna _
L
Vo T1 T3

a AA
a n Vo
ia Ra
γ′ _
T4 T
α
2 Eb
π +α n = K eφω +
+ A

E
b Continuous mode of
T1,2
operation
T
3,4
2Vm
Vo = cos α
π
Dual Converter: Non-simultaneous mode

a A
a
DC
Motor
n
n AA
Dual Converter: Non-simultaneous mode

+ +
a A
a
DC
Motor
n
n AA

_ _
Dual Converter: Non-simultaneous mode
+ +
a A
a
DC
Motor
n
n AA

_ _

+ +
a A
a
DC
Motor
n
n AA

_ _