9i Backup and Recovery Scenario

Oracle 9i Backup and Recovery
Tuning Goals
In case of a restore from hot backup, please ensure you have taken care of all temporary
files. It has been observed in the past that all data files were restored but temporary files
were ignored.
Scenario 1 -- loss of INACTIVE online Redo Log Group
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 26286444 bytes
Fixed Size 452972 bytes
Variable Size 20971520 bytes
Database Buffers 4194304 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 1 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: 'C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U03\LOG01A.RDO'
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: 'C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U04\LOG01B.RDO'
NOTE: Assumption is that there is least 3 redo log group in order to do the following.
SQL> alter database drop logfile group 1;

Database altered.
SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.
SQL> select group#, thread#,bytes, members from v$log;

GROUP# THREAD# BYTES MEMBERS
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
2 1 10485760 2
3 1 10485760 2
SQL> select member from v$logfile;

MEMBER
-----------------------------------
C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U03\LOG02A.RDO
C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U04\LOG02B.RDO
C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U03\LOG03A.RDO
C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U04\LOG03B.RDO
SQL> alter database add logfile group 1

2 ('c:\oraclass\oradata\u03\log01a.rdo', 'c:\oraclass\oradata\u04\log01b.rdo') size 10485760;
Database altered.
1
Tuning Goals
2
Tuning Goals
Scenario 2 -- loss of CURRENT online Redo Log Group

If you created your logfile groups with duplicate online log files -- that is two or more
logfiles per group, then you can copy the good (remaining) log file to the missing log file
and you will be able to open the db fine. This is our standard.
Check from select * from v$logfile;
If you created only one log file per group then you have two choices. You can open a TAR
with oracle support for help in forcing the database open when you have lost your active
log file. Or, judging by the low sequence numbers of your log files, you may be able to
recreate the database from scratch and reapply any transactions. This is shown below:
SQL> startup
Database mounted.
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 1 of thread 1
SQL> alter database drop logfile group 1;

alter database drop logfile group 1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01623: log 1 is current log for thread 1 - cannot drop
SQL> select group#, status, sequence# from v$log;

GROUP# STATUS SEQUENCE#
---------- ---------------- ---------
1 CURRENT 69
2 INACTIVE 68
3 INACTIVE 67
log group #1 is the current logfile.
SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
Restore all Datafile (listed in V$DATAFILE)
SQL> startup
3
Tuning Goals
Database mounted.
4
Tuning Goals
Scenario 2 -- loss of CURRENT online Redo Log Group (continue)
SQL> recover automatic database until cancel;

ORA-00279: change 193738 generated at 11/18/2002 12:31:03 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : C:\ORACLE\ORA92\RDBMS\ARC00069.001
ORA-00280: change 193738 for thread 1 is in sequence #69
ORA-00278: log file 'C:\ORACLE\ORA92\RDBMS\ARC00069.001' no longer needed for
this recovery
ORA-00308: cannot open archived log 'C:\ORACLE\ORA92\RDBMS\ARC00069.001'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
OSD-04002: unable to open file
O/S-Error: (OS 2) The system cannot find the file specified.
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

cancel
Media recovery cancelled.
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

Database altered.
SQL> archive log list

Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination C:\oracle\ora92\RDBMS
Oldest online log sequence 1
Next log sequence to archive 1
Current log sequence 1
SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.
Do a full database backup
5
Tuning Goals
Scenario 3 -- loss of Control Files
SQL> startup
ORA-00205: error in identifying controlfile, check alert log for more info
SQL> shutdown
ORA-01507: database not mounted
At this point I refer to the backup done in the past of the controlfile done
via the following command:
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace;
Database altered.
Find the file created in the directory listed below and edit the file removing
all the lines above the STARTUP NOMOUNT, and also change the
# to -- (comments). NOTE: there are two STARTUP MOUNT’s in the file.
SQL> show parameter user
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------- ----------- ---------------------------
user_dump_dest string c:\oraclass\ADMIN\UDUMP
SQL> @controlfile
Control file created.
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-00264: no recovery required
ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG ALL

*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00271: there are no logs that need archiving
Database altered.
Database altered.
Tablespace altered.
Tablespace altered.
6
Tuning Goals
Scenario 4 – Loss of Media
SQL> startup
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 5 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 5: 'C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U02\SAMPLE01.DBF'
SQL> select file#, error from v$recover_file;

FILE# ERROR
---------- ---------------------------------------------------------
2 FILE NOT FOUND
5 FILE NOT FOUND
SQL> select file#,name from v$datafile;

FILE# NAME
---------- ----------------------------------------
1 C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U01\SYSTEM01.DBF
2 C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U02\UNDOTBS.DBF
3 C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U03\USERS01.DBF
4 C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U03\INDX01.DBF
5 C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U02\SAMPLE01.DBF
6 C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U01\QUERYDATA01.DBF
6 rows selected.
Looking at the OS you find that the mount point has been lost and all of files on it.
This one also has the UNDO tablespace, So a closed recovery is required.
I restore all lost files.
@@@@@ alter statements!!!
SQL> recover automatic database;

Media recovery complete.

Database altered.
7
Tuning Goals
Scenario 5 -- loss of an Online UNDO Segment Tablespace Datafile
SQL> startup
Database mounted.
ORA-01110: data file 2: 'C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U02\UNDOTBS.DBF'
A closed recover in my only option, so I restore the backup of the

UNDO segment tablespace file.


Database altered.
8
Tuning Goals
Scenario 6 -- loss of SYSTEM Tablespace Datafile
SQL> startup
Database mounted.
ORA-01110: data file 1: 'C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U01\SYSTEM01.DBF'
A closed recover in my only option, so I restore the backup of the

SYSTEM tablespace file.


Database altered.
9
Tuning Goals
Scenario 7 -- Loss of a Non-System, Non-Rollback Segment Datafile
SQL> startup
Database mounted.
ORA-01110: data file 3: 'C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U03\USERS01.DBF'
SQL> alter database datafile 3 offline;

Database altered.

Database altered.
At this point I restore the USERS01.DBF file from the backup.
SQL> recover automatic datafile 3;

SQL> alter database datafile 3 online;

Database altered.
10
Tuning Goals
Scenario 8 – Time Based Recovery
Example table created

10:01:10 SQL> create table sales as select * from sh.sales;
Table created.
10:02:50 SQL> select count(*) from sales;
COUNT(*)
--------------
1016271
13:04:58 SQL> drop table sales;

Table dropped.
This assumes that you have discovered the problem and have restored all the datafiles.
SQL> startup mount

Database mounted.
13:20:33 SQL> recover automatic database until time '2002-11-18:13:03:00';
13:15:41 SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

Database altered.
13:17:20 SQL> select count(*) from sales;
COUNT(*)
----------
1016271
11
Tuning Goals
Scenario 9 -- Failure During Hot Backup
SQL> startup
Database mounted.
ORA-01113: file 5 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 5: 'C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U02\SAMPLE01.DBF'
SQL> select * from v$backup;
FILE# STATUS CHANGE# TIME

---------- ------------------ ---------- ---------
1 NOT ACTIVE 0
2 NOT ACTIVE 0
3 NOT ACTIVE 0
4 NOT ACTIVE 0
5 ACTIVE 87244 15-NOV-02
6 NOT ACTIVE 0
6 rows selected.
SQL> alter database end backup;

Database altered.

Database altered.
12
Tuning Goals
Scenario 11 – Non-Essential datafile with no backup and no archivelog on
SQL> startup
Database mounted.
ORA-01110: data file 8: 'C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U05\JUNK01.DBF'
SQL> alter database datafile 8 offline drop;

Database altered.

Database altered.
SQL> select d.name,t.name tblspace from

2 v$datafile d, v$tablespace t
3 where d.ts# = t.ts#;
NAME TBLSPACE
---------------------------------------- --------------------
C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U01\SYSTEM01.DBF SYSTEM
C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U02\UNDOTBS01.DBF UNDOTBS
C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U03\USERS01.DBF USERS
C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U03\INDX01.DBF INDX
C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U02\SAMPLE01.DBF SAMPLE
C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U01\QUERYDATA01.DBF QUERY_DATA
C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U02\EXAMPLE01.DBF EXAMPLE
C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U05\JUNK01.DBF JUNK
8 rows selected.
SQL> drop tablespace junk including contents;

Tablespace dropped.
13
Tuning Goals
Scenario 12 – Loss of a datafile and missing archivelog file
SQL> startup
Database mounted.
ORA-01110: data file 3: 'C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U03\USERS01.DBF'
Restore missing Datafile
SQL> startup
Database mounted.

ORA-00289: suggestion : C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\ARCHIVE1\ARC00002.001
ORA-00278: log file 'C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\ARCHIVE1\ARC00002.001' no longer
needed for this recovery
ORA-00308: cannot open archived log
'C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\ARCHIVE1\ARC00002.001'

cancel
SQL> shutdown
ORA-01109: database not open
14
Tuning Goals
Scenario 12 – Loss of a datafile and missing archivelog file (continue)
Incomplete Recover is required at this point

Restore all Datafile (listed in V$DATAFILE)
SQL> startup
Database mounted.
ORA-01113: file 1 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 1: 'C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U01\SYSTEM01.DBF'
SQL> recover automatic until cancel;

ORA-00289: suggestion : C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\ARCHIVE1\ARC00002.001
ORA-00278: log file 'C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\ARCHIVE1\ARC00002.001' no longer
needed for this recovery
ORA-00308: cannot open archived log
'C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\ARCHIVE1\ARC00002.001'

cancel
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.

Database closed.
Do a full database backup
15
Tuning Goals
Scenario 13 -- Recover a lost Datafile with No Backup
SQL> startup
Database mounted.
ORA-01110: data file 7: 'C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U04\NEW01.DBF'
A tablespace and table were created in the past with the following commands:
SQL> create tablespace new_sample datafile
2 'c:\oraclass\oradata\u04\new01.dbf' size 1m;
Tablespace created.
SQL> create table new_tables (col1 number ,col2 number)
2 tablespace new_sample;
Table created.
SQL> alter database datafile 7 offline;

Database altered.

Database altered.
SQL> alter database create datafile 'c:\oraclass\oradata\u04\new01.dbf';

Database altered.
SQL> recover automatic datafile 7;

SQL> alter database datafile 7 online;

Database altered.
SQL> select * from new_tables;

no rows selected
16
Tuning Goals
Scenario 14 -- Missing Mirrored Online Redo Log Files
SQL> startup
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select group#, status, member from v$logfile;

GROUP# STATUS MEMBER
---------- ------- ----------------------------------------
3 C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U03\LOG03A.RDO
3 INVALID C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U04\LOG03B.RDO
SQL> select group#, sequence#, archived, status from v$log;

GROUP# SEQUENCE# ARC STATUS
---------- ---------- --- ----------------
1 17 YES INACTIVE
2 18 YES INACTIVE
3 19 NO CURRENT
SQL> alter database drop logfile member

2 'C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U04\LOG01B.RDO';
Database altered.
Database altered.
alter database drop logfile member 'C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U04\LOG03B.RDO'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01609: log 3 is the current log for thread 1 - cannot drop members
ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 1: 'C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U04\LOG03B.RDO'
17
Tuning Goals
Scenario 14 -- Missing Mirrored Online Redo Log Files (Continued)
SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add logfile member
2 'C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U04\LOG01B.RDO' to group 1;
Database altered.
Database altered.
Database altered.
---------- ------- ----------------------------------------

System altered.
System altered.
System altered.

---------- ------- ----------------------------------------
3 C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U04\LOG03B.RDO
18
Tuning Goals
Scenario 15 – Missing Controlfile and Read Only Datafile
SQL> startup
ORA-00205: error in identifying controlfile, check alert log for more info
SQL> @c:\oraclass\backup\ctl
System altered.
Database altered.
ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE 'MISSING00006'

*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01511: error in renaming log/data files
ORA-01141: error renaming data file 6 - new file
'C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U01\QUERYDATA01.DBF' not found
ORA-01111: name for data file 6 is unknown - rename to correct file
ORA-01110: data file 6: 'C:\ORACLE\ORA92\DATABASE\MISSING00006'
ALTER TABLESPACE "QUERY_DATA" ONLINE

*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01111: name for data file 6 is unknown - rename to correct file
ORA-01110: data file 6: 'C:\ORACLE\ORA92\DATABASE\MISSING00006'
Tablespace altered.

Database closed.
19
Tuning Goals
Scenario 15 – Missing Controlfile and Read Only Datafile (continue)
Copy the backup of the QUERYDATA01.DBF datafile
SQL> @c:\oraclass\backup\ctl


System altered.
Database altered.
Database altered.
Tablespace altered.
Tablespace altered.
20
Tuning Goals
Scenario 16 -- Lost of Datafile used as Default Temporary Tablespace
SQL> startup
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select * from dba_tab_columns order by 1,2,3,4;
ERROR:
ORA-01110: data file 201: 'C:\ORACLASS\ORADATA\U02\TEMP01.DBF'
no rows selected
SQL> create temporary tablespace temp2 tempfile 'c:\oraclass\oradata\u02\temp02.ora' size 2m;

Tablespace created.
SQL> alter database default temporary tablespace temp2;

Database altered.
SQL> drop tablespace temp including contents and datafiles;

Tablespace dropped.
SQL> create temporary tablespace temp tempfile 'c:\oraclass\oradata\u02\tem01p.ora' size 20m;

Tablespace created.
SQL> alter database default temporary tablespace temp;

Database altered.
SQL> drop tablespace temp2 including contents and datafiles;

Tablespace dropped.
21
Tuning Goals
Changes to the SPFILE that are valid
SQL> alter system set pga_aggregate_target=5m scope=spfile;

System altered.

Database closed.
SQL> startup
ORA-00093: pga_aggregate_target must be between 10M and 4096G-1
The only way I could the fix the problem was to delete the spfile and create an
init.ora file from the non-default parameters from the alert log file.
22

9i Backup and Recovery Scenario

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Oracle 9i Backup and Recovery

Scenario 1 -- loss of INACTIVE online Redo Log Group

SQL> alter database drop logfile group 1;

SQL> alter database open;

SQL> select group#, thread#,bytes, members from v$log;

SQL> select member from v$logfile;

SQL> alter database add logfile group 1

Scenario 2 -- loss of CURRENT online Redo Log Group

SQL> alter database drop logfile group 1;

SQL> select group#, status, sequence# from v$log;

log group #1 is the current logfile.

SQL> shutdown immediate;

Restore all Datafile (listed in V$DATAFILE)

Scenario 2 -- loss of CURRENT online Redo Log Group (continue)

SQL> recover automatic database until cancel;

Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

SQL> archive log list

SQL> shutdown immediate

Do a full database backup

Scenario 3 -- loss of Control Files

ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG ALL

Scenario 4 – Loss of Media

SQL> select file#, error from v$recover_file;

SQL> select file#,name from v$datafile;

I restore all lost files.

@@@@@ alter statements!!!

SQL> recover automatic database;

SQL> alter database open;

Scenario 5 -- loss of an Online UNDO Segment Tablespace Datafile

A closed recover in my only option, so I restore the backup of the

SQL> recover automatic database;

SQL> alter database open;

Scenario 6 -- loss of SYSTEM Tablespace Datafile

A closed recover in my only option, so I restore the backup of the

SQL> recover automatic database;

SQL> alter database open;

Scenario 7 -- Loss of a Non-System, Non-Rollback Segment Datafile

SQL> alter database datafile 3 offline;

SQL> alter database open;

At this point I restore the USERS01.DBF file from the backup.

SQL> recover automatic datafile 3;

SQL> alter database datafile 3 online;

Scenario 8 – Time Based Recovery

Example table created

13:04:58 SQL> drop table sales;

SQL> startup mount

13:15:41 SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

13:17:20 SQL> select count(*) from sales;

Scenario 9 -- Failure During Hot Backup

SQL> select * from v$backup;

FILE# STATUS CHANGE# TIME

SQL> alter database end backup;

SQL> alter database open;

Scenario 11 – Non-Essential datafile with no backup and no archivelog on

SQL> alter database datafile 8 offline drop;

SQL> alter database open;

SQL> select d.name,t.name tblspace from

SQL> drop tablespace junk including contents;

Scenario 12 – Loss of a datafile and missing archivelog file

Restore missing Datafile

SQL> recover automatic database;