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144

 POPULATION

3.1 Maharashtra is the second largest state 1.7 per cent per annum, indicating about 4 lakh
in India in respect of population after Uttar net migrants in the State per year during
Pradesh. The Population of Maharashtra as per 1991-2001. Thus, it appears that migration
Census, 2001, was 9.69 crore, which contributes
to 9.4 per cent of the total population (102.86 Decadal population growth
crore) of India. The projected population of the rates of some bigger States
State as on 1st March, 2005 is about 10.27 crore.
Andhra Pradesh - 14.59 Maharashtra - 22.73
3.2 During the decade 1991-2001, the Assam - 18.92 Bihar - 28.62
population growth in the state was 22.7 per cent Gujrat - 22.66 Haryana - 28.43
(annual compound growth rate 2.07 per cent), Karnataka - 17.51 Madhya Pradesh - 24.26
less as compared to that of 25.7 per cent in the Kerala - 9.43 Rajasthan - 28.41
earlier decade. The decadal population growth Orissa - 16.25 Uttar Pradesh - 25.85
rate of the State during the last four decades Punjab - 20.10
remained higher than that for India, except
Tamil Nadu - 11.72
1971-81 decade. In-migration is one of the major
West Bengal - 17.77
factors of high population growth rate of the
State.
Population features at a glance
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Maharashtra vs India
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(Census 2001)
H  0DKDUDVKWUD Item Maharashtra India
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Population (In lakh)
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Total Persons 969 10,286
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Male 504 5,322

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 Female 465 4,964
D
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Q   Rural Persons 558 7,425
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Male 285 3,816
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H Female 273 3,609
3 
Urban Persons 411 2,861
 Male 219 1,505
    Female 192 1,356
SC Population (%) 10.2 16.2
3.3 The Migration figures for 2001 ST Population (%) 8.9 8.2
Population Census are not yet available. Decadal percentage growth 22.7 21.5
(1991-2001)
However, one can estimate net migration to the
Percentage of urban 42.4 27.8
State by using difference between actual and population
natural growth rates of the population in the Sex-ratio(Females per 000’ males) 922 933
State. The natural growth of the population in Area (in lakh Sq.km.) 3.08 32.87
the State considering the difference between Population Density (Per Sq.km.) 315 313
Crude Birth Rate (CBR) and Crude Death Rate Literacy percentage 76.9 64.8
(CDR) based on Sample Registration Scheme (for the population of 7 years & above)
(SRS) for the period 1991 to 2000 works out to

ECONOMIC SURVEY OF MAHARASHTRA 2004-05


145

constitutes about 23 per cent in the population Rural Population


growth of the State during 1991-2001. In other
3.7 As per the Population Census 2001, the
words, for every five persons added to the
rural population of the State living in 41,095
population during the decade, one of them was
villages, was 57.6 per cent of the total population.
due to migration.
During the decade 1991-2001, the rural
Population Density population of the State increased by 15.3 per
cent, which was less than the corresponding All
3.4 As per Population Census 2001, the India percentage increase (18.1). Also it was less
density of population (No. of persons per sq. km.) than the decadal growth rate of the State during
in Maharashtra was 315, which is slightly higher 1981-91 (18.6).
than that of India (313). As per 1991 Population
Census the density of population in the State 3.8 The decadal population growth rates for
was 257. Over the decade 1991-2001, there was rural and urban areas in the State indicate that
an addition of 58 persons per sq.km. urban population growth rate is almost double or
more than that in rural areas. The growth trend
3.5 It is observed that the disparity in the also indicate decreasing trend for last four decades
density of population across the districts of the except for 1981-91 decade.
State was wide. The highest population density
was found in Mumbai city district (21,190) and
the lowest population density was in Gadchiroli 'HFDGDOSRSXODWLRQJURZWKUDWHV
district (67). There were eight districts in the RI0DKDUDVKWUD
State having density more than the State average 
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(315) and 27 districts having density less than H
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the State average.


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Urban Population R
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3.6 As per 2001 Population Census, 42.4 J
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per cent of the State’s population was living in Q
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urban areas. This percentage was much higher F


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than that of all India percentage (27.8). The 3

proportion of urban population in the State 


increased from 38.7 per cent in 1991 to 42.4 per    
cent in 2001. In respect of the proportion of
urban population, the State stands second
Sex ratio
amongst the major States after Tamil Nadu (44.0
per cent). 3.9 The Census 2001 results revealed that in
Maharashtra State, sex ratio of females per
thousand males declined to all time low at 922 from
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ECONOMIC SURVEY OF MAHARASHTRA 2004-05


146

934 in 1991. The decline hurts in the context of its 3.13 There is no doubt that the State has
improvement at the national level and is a cause registered an impressive growth in literacy, but
of concern. The sex ratios in rural areas of the state still there were 1.92 crore illiterate persons in
were remained higher for all the time than that the State, of which about 69 per cent were
for the urban areas. females.
Child Sex ratio States having literacy rates above
3.10 The sex ratio in the age group 0-6 is an national average
important indicator of the future trends of the (Census 2001)
sex composition in the State. The Population Kerala - 90.9
Census 2001 results revealed that the sex ratio Maharashtra - 76.9
in the State for age-group 0-6 years declined to Tamil Nadu - 73.5
913 from 945 in 1991. This is in contrast to the Punjab - 69.7
Kerala state which had shown an improvement Gujarat - 69.1
in it from 958 to 963. At national level also the Karnataka - 66.6
sex ratio in the age group 0-6 years was higher All India - 64.8
(927) than that for the Maharashtra (913). It is
suspected that in a society with a strong
preference for a male child, and access to sex-test Scheduled Castes Population
has perhaps added to the sex selective abortions.
3.14 The Scheduled Castes population of the
Literacy State as per 2001 Census was 98.82 lakh (50.63
lakh males and 48.19 lakh females), of which
3.11 The Census 2001 results indicate that
61.7 per cent were living in rural areas. The
the Maharashtra State has registered an
impressive growth in literacy among major States proportion of Scheduled Castes population to total
in India. The literacy rate of population aged population in the State was 10.2 per cent. The
seven years and above has improved from 64.9 sex ratio in respect of the Scheduled Castes
per cent in 1991 to 76.9 per cent in 2001. This population was 952, which was higher than that
rise of 12.0 percentage points was the maximum for the State as a whole.
rise during the last four decades. In the case of
females, the rise in literacy was more prominent Scheduled Tribes Population
and was about 14.7 percentage points. Still there 3.15 The Scheduled Tribes population of the
is a wide gap between male and female literacy
State as per 2001 Census was 85.77 lakh (43.48
rates and State has to make concerted efforts to
increase pace of female literacy in the State. lakh males and 42.29 lakh females) of which
Maharashtra has always been remained much 87.3 per cent were living in rural areas. The
above the national average in literacy performance. proportion of Scheduled Tribes population to total
population in the State was 8.9 per cent. The sex
3.12 Among the major States in India, as per ratio in respect of the Scheduled Tribes population
2001 Census, Maharashtra ranked second in was 973, which was much higher than that for
respect of literacy rate after Kerala (90.9 per the State as a whole.
cent). The literacy rates for males and females in
the rural and urban areas are given in 3.16 Some important features of SC and ST
Table No 3.1. population in Maharashtra state, based on
Table No. 3.1 population census 2001, are given in Table
Literacy rates in Maharashtra No. 3.2.
(per cent)
Table No. 3.2
Area Persons Males Females
SC & ST Population in Maharashtra
Census 2001
Item Total SC ST
Total 76.9 86.0 67.0
Rural 70.4 81.9 58.4 Population (’000)
Urban 85.5 91.0 79.1 Persons 96,879 9,882 8,577
Census 1991
Male 50,401 5,063 4,348
Total 64.9 76.6 52.3
Rural 55.5 69.7 41.0 Female 46,478 4,819 4,229
Urban 79.2 86.4 70.9 Sex-Ratio 922 952 973

ECONOMIC SURVEY OF MAHARASHTRA 2004-05


147

Population by Religion in urban areas of the State. Whilst most of the


Christian & Sikh Population (84.9 & 86.3 percent
3.17 Every decennial census attempts to respectively) was living in urban areas. Data
provide picture of the religious persuations of reveals that Sex Ratio among Christian
the people. The religionwise composition of community was highest (993), while that for Sikh
the population in the State is almost similar to community was lowest (829) when compared to
that of all-India. The percentage distribution the State level sex ratio (922).
of population for two successive censuses 1991
& 2001 by major religious communities in the Population by Disability
State and India is shown in Table No.3.3.
3.19 An attempt was made in 2001
Table No. 3.3 population census to count the disabled population
Percentage distribution of population by by types of disability. Accordingly, 1.6 per cent
Religion population of the State were having various
Religion Percentage to total population disabilities, much less than that of India (2.1 per
cent). The incidence of disability in males was
Maharashtra India
much higher than that in females. In the disabled
1991 2001 1991* 2001 population, 59.5 percent were males and 40.5
Hindu 81.1 80.4 82.0 80.5 percent were females. The percentage of disabled
Muslims 9.7 10.6 12.1 13.4 population by type of disability is given in Table
Christians 1.1 1.1 2.3 2.3 No.3.4.
Sikhs 0.2 0.2 1.9 1.9
Table No.3.4
Buddhists 6.4 6.1 0.8 0.8
Percent distribution of disabled
Jains 1.2 1.3 0.4 0.4
population by type of disability
Others@ 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.7 (Census 2001)
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Type of Disability Maharashtra India
@ Including religion not stated. In Seeing 37.0 48.5
* Excluding Jammu & Kashmir In Speech 7.2 7.5
3.18 As per population Census 2001, amongst In Hearing 5.9 5.8
Hindus, about 37.3 percent population was living In Movement 36.3 27.9
Mental 13.6 10.3
5HOLJLRQZLVH3HUFHQWDJHVRI Total 100.0 100.0
3RSXODWLRQE\5HVLGHQWLDO6WDWXV (15.7) (219.1)
Note: Figures in bracket denote total disabled
8UEDQ 5XUDO population in lakh

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Population by Age Group
 3.20 The age group wise percentage
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 distribution of population in the State as per 1991
 and 2001 censuses is shown in Table No. 3.5.
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3.21 The Census data revealed that there was
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 a sizable reduction in the proportion of population,

in percentage term, for the age groups 0 to 6 years
 and 7 to 14 years. Whereas the proportion of
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 population in the age group 15 to 49 years, which
 is the age group of working force, is increased by 2
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 and half percentage points. This gives indication
 that there is increase in the work force of the state
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 during the last decade. The aged population (60+
age) is also increased from 6.98 per cent in 1991 to
     
8.73 per cent in 2001.
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ECONOMIC SURVEY OF MAHARASHTRA 2004-05


148

Table No. 3.5 for different states and India. The birth rates,
Age group wise percentage distribution death rates and infant mortality rates for
of the population and Sex Ratio Maharashtra for the year 2002 were 20.3, 7.3,
45.0 respectively. These rates were much less
Age Group Population Percentage Sex Ratio
than that for India, which were 25.0, 8.1, 63.0
(in Years) 1991 2001 1991 2001 respectively. These rates for Maharashtra and
0-6 17.10 14.11 945 913 India are given in Table No. 3 of part II.
7-14 18.50 17.99 933 918 3.23.1 The trends of Birth Rate, for rural and
15-49 50.36 52.73 922 893 urban areas based on SRS data are showing
50-59 6.65 6.32 914 922 convergence with rural birth rates declining more
60+ 6.98 8.73 1018 1150 sharply.
Age Not 0.40 0.12 831 797
Stated New Population Policy
Total 100.0 100.0 934 922 3.24 Maharashtra State has always
(789.21) (968.79)
remained on the fore-front in implementing
Note: Figures in bracket denote total population various national programmes. The State
in lakh
Government is implementing various family
3.22 The age specific Sex Ratios indicate that welfare programmes which has resulted in
there was drastic reduction in the Sex Ratio for declining in crude birth rate, crude death rate
the age group 0 to 6 years, which is a cause of and infant mortality rate. The State Government
concern, since this age group of population is going has implemented family planning programme
to project the structural scenario of the population effectively in the State. Inspite of this the
of the state. It also indicates that there was population of the State is multiplied by 2.5
discremination towards female in the population
times between 1961 to 2001. As a population
composition at lower age groups. This may be due
to sex selective abortions and maternal mortality. control measure, the State Government has
declared its population policy. The goals set in
Birth rate, Death rate and Infant
new population policy are given in Table No.3.6.
Mortality rate
3.23 The birth rates, death rates and infant
mortality rates based on Sample Registration Table No. 3.6
Scheme for the period 1971 - 2002 are available
Targets set under new population policy
 
for Maharashtra
%,57+5$7( '($7+5$7(

  Indicator Achievement Target


 By 2002 By 2010




Crude Birth rate* 20.3 15

Crude Death rate * 7.3 5
 
        Total fertility rate # 2.5 1.8
      
 

      Infant mortality rate @ 45 15
   
Neo-natal mortality rate @
33 10
,1)$170257$/,7<5$7(
*
 Crude birth rate and crude death rate are per thousand
 population.
&20%,1('

@
Infant mortality rate and Neo-natal mortality rate are
585$/ per thousand live births.



85%$1 # per 000’ females in reproductive age group of 15 to 49 years.
   
  
 
 T.F.R. and N.M.R. refers to year 2000
   

ECONOMIC SURVEY OF MAHARASHTRA 2004-05

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