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Consider a beam of uniform cross- Moment of Inertia of an

section
y
ΔA Area
•Geometrical property and depends on its
x R = ∫ kydA = k ∫ ydA reference axis.
Î the smallest value occurs at the axis passing
through the centroid.
ΔF=kyΔA M = ∫ ky 2dA = k ∫ y 2dA

•It measures the ability to resist bending.


Î the larger the moment of inertia the less
bending will occur

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Moment of Inertia of an Area Moment of Inertia of an Area


z Moment of Inertia: y • by integration y
I x = ∫ y2dA dA=ydx
A
I y = ∫ x2dA x
dx
dy
x dy
A y
y
y y dA=(a-x)dy
r Polar Moment of Inertia:
J z = ∫ r 2 dA
x x dx x

y A dI x = y dA 2
x dI y = x dA
2

dy
J z = ∫ ( x 2 + y 2 )dA dI y = x 2 dA
x y
A

J z = Ix + Iy x
a
3 4 dI x = y dA
2

Find the moment of inertia about the x


axis of the following figure: Area Moment of Inertia (Rectangular Area)
y Calculating Ix: y

dA = bdy

dI x = y 2 bdy
bd
h
dy
y
I x = ∫0h b y 2dy = 1 bh 3
x 3
b

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1
Moment of Inertia (Circular Area) y Radius of Gyration
r du The distance kx is referred to as the radius of
dJO = u 2dA u
x gyration of the area with respect to the x-axis.
O

y A
dA = 2πudu
Ix = k A 2
x

J = ∫ dJ = ∫0r u 2 (2πudu ) = 2π ∫0r u 3du Ix


kx =
kx
o o
π A
JO =
x
r4
2
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Radius of Gyration Radius of Gyration

The distance ky is referred to as the radius of The distance ko is referred to as the radius of
gyration of the area with respect to the y-axis. gyration of the area with respect to the x-axis.
y
y A
Iy = k A 2
y
JO = k A 2
O
A

Iy JO
ky =
ky
kO = ko
x
A x
A

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Example A Solution
y
y2 = 100x
y
y2 = 100x
I x = ∫ y 2 dA
A
Find the moment I x = ∫ y 2 (100 − x)dy
100
−100
100 mm of inertia of the 2
y y
x
h d d area
shaded x
I x = ∫−100100 y 2 (100 − )dy
d
about the x-axis. 100
I x = 26.67x106 mm4
100 mm
ANSWER:

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2
Example B Solution
y
y I y = ∫ x2dA
A
x
75 mm Find the moment I y = ∫075 x2 (225− y)dx
of inertia of the 2
x
shaded
h d d area
about the y-axis.
I y = ∫075 x2 (225− )dy
x2 = 25y 25
x2 = 25y
x ANSWER: I y = 12.66x106 mm4
x

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Example C Solution
y
y I x = ∫ y 2 dA
A
Determine the
moment of I x = ∫ y 2 y 2 dy
10
0
inertia of the
shaded area I x = ∫010 y 4 dy
y
y2 = 100 - x about the x-axis.
y2 = 100 - x
x ANSWER: I x = 20x103 mm4
x
100 mm

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Moments of Inertia of 
Assignment:
Common Areas
y
Find the moment of
y = 2 sin x
inertia of the shaded
area about its vertical
centroidal axis.
x
0 π

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3
Parallel Axis Theorem Inertia of the shaded area about the x’ axis is
I X ' = ∫ ( y ' ) 2 dA
A

y’ x’ Since y’ = y + b, then
a
y I X ' = ∫ ( y + b) 2 dA
A

= ∫ y 2 dA + 2b ∫ ydA + b 2 ∫ dA
A A A
x dA
C r y I X ' = I X + Ab 2
z x
In a similar manner, it can be shown that
d
b y’ I y ' = I y + Aa 2

Since J z ' = I x ' + I y ' , then


x’
z’ J z ' = ( I x + I y ) + A(a 2 + b 2 )
Jz ' = J z + Ad 2
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Moment of Inertia (Composite Area) Example D

It follows the same concept used 0.9 m


in composite figures for First Find the moment
Moments!!! of inertia of the
n 1.5 m composite area
I ( Specified Axis) Total = I1 + I 2 + I 3 + ... = ∑ I i about the x-axis.
x
i

• The moment of inertia of a composite area A about a given 1.8 m


axis is obtained by adding the moments of inertia of the
component areas A1, A2, A3, ... , with respect to the same axis.

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Solution Solution I x = I x1 + I x 2
I x = I x1 + I x 2 bh 3 bh
I x1 = + (1.8) 2
I xi = I xi + Ai d i
2
where 36 2
0.9 m
(1.8)(0.9) 3 (1.8)(0.9)(1.8) 2
Components: I x1 = + = 2.66085 m 4
36 2
1.5 m PARALLEL AXIS THEOREM

I x1 = I x + A1d1 bh 3
2
I x2 = + bh (0.75) 2
1

12
1.8 m
(1.8)(1.5) 3
I x2 = + (1.8)(1.5)(0.75) 2 = 2.025m 4
I x 2 = I x + A2 d 2
2
2
12

ANSWER: I x = 4.68585m 4
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4
y

Example E Solution
y
100 mm I yT = I y1 + I y 2
Determine the I yi = I yi + Ai d i
where 2
100 mm
radius of gyration
100 mm of the shaded
area with respect Components: PARALLEL AXIS THEOREM
to y-axis. 1
bh3 bh ⎛ 100 ⎞
2
I y1 = I y + A1d1
2
I y1 = + ⎜ ⎟ = 16.67 x10
6

100 mm 36 2 ⎝ 3 ⎠

π (100) 4
2 I y2 = I y I y2 = = 39.27 x106
8
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Solution
I yT = I y1 + I y2 I yT = 55.94x106 Example F
y
I yT
Radius of Gyration ky = AT = A1 + A2 150 mm 75 mm
Obtain the
AT
moment of
(200)(100) π (100)2 50 mm inertia of the
AT = + = 25.71x103 composite area
2 2 about the y-
100 mm
55.94x106 axis
ky = = 46.65mm
25.71x103
60 mm

ANSWER: k y = 46.65mm

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y
150 mm 75 mm Solution Solution

50 mm
I yT = I y1 + I y 2 − I y3 I y1 =
(150)(150)3
+ (150)(150)(75)2 = 168.75x106
12
I yi = I yi + Ai d i
2
where
(100)(75)3
100 mm I y2 = + (75)(100)(187.5)2 = 267.1875x106
12
PARALLEL AXIS THEOREM
π (60)4 π (60) 2
60 mm
bh3
I y3 = + (60)2 = 25.447x106
I y1 = I y + A1d12 I y1 = 1 1 + b1h1d12 8 2
1
12
b2 h23 I yT = I y1 + I y2 − I y3 = 410.5x106 mm4
Components: 2 I y2 = I y I y2 = + b2 h2 d 2 2
12
3
I y 3 = I y + A3d 32 I y3 =
πr 4 πr 2
+ d 32
ANSWER: I yT = 410.5 x106 mm 4
8 2
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