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    "The myth puts in play a form of logic which could be called - in contrast to the logic of non-contradiction of the philosophers - a logic of the ambiguous, of the equivocal, of polarity" the mythologist was left with drawing up this statement of deficit, and to turn to the linguists, logicians, mathematicians, that they might supply him with the tool he structural model of a logic which would not be logic of

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    "The myth puts in play a form of logic which could be called - in contrast to the logic of non-contradiction of the philosophers - a logic of the ambiguous, of the equivocal, of polarity" the mythologist was left with drawing up this statement of deficit, and to turn to the linguists, logicians, mathematicians, that they might supply him with the tool he structural model of a logic which would not be logic of

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    149 views18 pages

    Chora

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    tantalus11
    "The myth puts in play a form of logic which could be called - in contrast to the logic of non-contradiction of the philosophers - a logic of the ambiguous, of the equivocal, of polarity" the mythologist was left with drawing up this statement of deficit, and to turn to the linguists, logicians, mathematicians, that they might supply him with the tool he structural model of a logic which would not be logic of

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    of 18
    les HORA Jacques Derrida ‘Translated from the Frenci by lan McCloud -thus mys pus ley fem clog which col be celled —in centres heap of an-sorttaiton tho shloscohets wriogc ofthe avoigues, ote eee! of poly Hon can ona amu, or oven esate ee seeeaw operator ‘ich Np tine ary tom aos oppete wilt a he came tine keeping nem bath apa, fen snare pot at en? Te Ielogit wast wh craving up. msoncusion, he sttemon' of dee, andi mn ta he input, logon ahora Cian, thal hey might SueEy Him wih he tole lachagate Suhel mec aan whch wodd not tel bree the yes oro, alle ater han loge ne epee eo Verran isons cmytne i With and Sol m Arent Groce, 1974 p 250 1s ew: wet Pato tious designates by the hare hora sense dey atopic of ctr than he toe o! te Bes The cor, which is nether “sens” narimeghies belongs te Wd pone" (ioe enon, 420, 525) One camo! evn say that nar ore! ote eat ance dca Sotrod By Tinaoues shown ha fret way at mes te cra appeate (0 be neh Ih ret at nes Hoth ts ane eet Mis atonatonbetween te logo excision end ato partalpaton we fifjronrnto fs length stare co apetnly tom a roulsonalappesarce and fon ine contains 0 atone: The choaieens tbe ales totzordo-o' he perion that inteligbie ad enable ocel. Andy, iid’ cgmuncut sonable form I'partpatoy m te lietavem ney Uubiesome and ined spots Canaria. Si) Ave sat nox be ing, sace trscus, event wo crank Ce tying wha fle (or reecciil ecaring Bis, Tho Mudonce cis negative ‘omulaton ges reason fo ponder. Nel iar eng wha sce tc Wionsary Wings tin? Leas roval cave oe enc hs veces eine aproatn thatthe Ascoutse on he cha as tle proterte,doos ra proceed feral leis loos tat ate tem nhyvi astro even coruoted rectonng loge mo\natay Foomes "cris seem oaks uch cove meee eet derive if hunaly ae eave: upon iz power of vation, Gace seh shcauae deve then, tom mya Sha we gon acces tothe ought o he chara by coninung to place ow wus: tne ateraiefegosinines? fre erat fs oct tale alo fr 2 ite genus of Sisco? Ano what peters sg j Ihe cece ol he chars eopeal tthe thd gene was only the moment of a detaur in orcer to signal towards a gence genre? Beyond categories, and above all beyond cate: ~aperious verape hore my that of phiosophy as such and of ts luciooxnythelogical cit (deriv), The valve of phe \sought that i te eay cso its Sorfousness, s measure by tne nonmytie character ois terms. Hegel ere emphasizes neha, tha sertusnoes re sang Cfseriusness enc Aste ls hls quarente o ate: having cecarad that "the valve of Pato, nowover,coes et reside ih thee (Der wert Fltons ep! aber nicht in den then,» 100), Hegel quotes and WansiatesAvistlle it's aopreptite ve custon ne (Ne know. lt ws eval isin aassing betorey caching tis problem dec, how great a weigh the Aristleton baermreen Fran te Timaeis cates in the history oft nerpretatons. Hegel rales than, or paraphrase ne Melapryoee “per ‘en fon mytkos sophizomenan cuk axion mota spouces ae denen. walare mythsch phitosophieren, ist es nicht dor (iets ter emeuitch zu handel: tose vino ohiosoptize wif purse to myth are notwath beating convey. Hegel anonn 'o oscllete benveen to interpretation. Ina philosophical ten he function of myh SUF S280 of pessoa in: tence, he incapeclty to accede te the concep: as such and fo ksep toi at other tml sv Indon of laos ove cece oa Gicactie potency. Whe pedagogle mastery of tho serious philosopher full possaas0n of te pilovephoma,Srutarecusty or Sigouzsvrs |legel ours (© Fesognze n Plato bot rs inaoience and ths mastery, These tao oveiatons ae ony cepor nity Gontacicory or ara sa erly up t a catsn point, Thoy have this in common: the subordination of myths a hoses sere ge content of th signtied concep, whatever may a8 ts formal presenta — phiosopneal ar nthe aeare trae the force ol he lus the mastary othe nasty of lscourse, Here one ean aoe the tead our uscton gaserg ay {vera has no meaning or essence, if she snot pnioshia'> and if, nevortheios, cho is retthoy the abet nme tre nana [able 0! arnythic he, where can she be stuatsd this Md? Apparently contrast, but infact prevoursly coroners he ‘ogico-phifasephica! evaluation is not apofiad to Plata. it dares alteacy teomece] raensn Hegel coes net reac Plato rough Arslte end uncnown o Plat, ast ho Hegel) were deciprering a practices meaning woule have remared inane ' and thereby exceed the said pro- ledge on all things. Its enoyclopedic “kai de kai tos peri fou pantos cun ede ton logon hemi treating of all tie types of being, itinciudes 4 theology, val or Immortal, human ane divine, visible and invisible things are si Gistinction between the visible living thing, for example the sensible ge). The cosmos s me heavens (ouranos} as @ living visible thing and sensi- Wenlc.” And yet, halfway through the cycte, won't the discourse on chora have gible, belonging neither to ons ner te the other, hence neither to the cosmos as sen. parently emply space? Didn't it name a gaping opening, an abyss or a chasm? feet in" I that the cleavage between the sonsible and the ineligible can have place and take place? gram. First tho programm. The cosmogony of the Timaeus runs through the eycle of know en must mark the setm of a fonag on the subject of everything that is: homen echein (926). This eM slopedic fogos is a.vanesal oniclogy, & cosmology. a physiology, a psychology, a zoology uwaled there. By recatiing itin conclusion, ane picks! G0, and the intelligible god of whieh itis the imay ble god. It's unique and alane of its race, “mono: starting out from this chasm, 20 pot be toe hasty about bring hurling into ithe arth the “exact counterpart oundation, suse forall eter ion of Heidegger's to chy ich Plato would cesignat plogico-encyclopedic cone covers over, closing the ga the sansible and the intel between being and tml ot even be their oth or to say this abyssal cha: 2 and io be reflected (lor ‘order of composition oft ‘mus bo sirilar without bein se en abyie affocts the fr ded by the consideration. of discourse? Mise an aby ture of an overprinting Ccutivators and the anise iy formal and excernat: th nether gold nor siver. They nat even the gold whic This question can be as contesiable. One can say ‘of women, on marriage and res musi be taken In order tc procreation (paiaonaia), an bears in mind the fact that pared for the same aethities "of chova with the mether a In the sense of the subjective ders nothing and besices p the way is no mote their owner BP are pornans already in a site f egy of marriages. it manifests “riddles” or sieves seicrmena i pesed with @ cortain chance. Now es iilended to bring about in naturalness. And this doos nst logics or these mises en aby on {Phaniasia}. But “the content of * “beautiful” one would be wrong In truth Plato has recourse to myth "7 of thought.” But itis also in part ver purely philosophical: you know ‘self, to the principal subject, Plato determinations of thought de with- the figurative or the symbolic. The day. it dominates se many evalua- ~3p-sorious overlaps heve with {Rought, that isto say also its Aue, the seriousness, the value however, does not reside in myths™ €. tis appropriate to del on this. weight the Aristotelian interpreta- waphrases, the Metephysies: ‘peri Sch philosophieren, ist 2s nicht der th treating seriously, Hegel seems ‘res @ slan of phitosephical impo. x index of dialectic and above all » philosopheme, Simultaneousty or Se two evaluations are only appar- oreination of myth, as a discursive Dhilosophical or mythic — aways thread of cur question passing by, telther the object nor the form of a Utin fact profoundly coherent, this anism." Hegel does not read Plato earing would have remained inac- aible in this work, as wo shall veri and thereby exceed the sai¢ pro- 90 on al things. Its encyclopedic 1 pantos nun ede ton tegen hemin 's of being, it includes a theology, visible and invisible things ere sit. ag thing, for example the sensible 238 4 living visible thing and sensi- von't the discourse on chore have ice neither to the cosmos 2s sen- daning, an abyss or @ chasm? Isn't an have place and take place? cHORA Letus not be 10 hasty about bring ing this chasm named chora close to that chaoe which also opens the yawning gu‘t or abyss, Let us avoid hurling into it the anthropomorphic form and the pathos of fight. Not in order to install ia its place the securty of a foundation, the “exact counterpart of what Gaia represents for any creature, since het appeeranca, at the origin of the world: a stable foundation, sure for all eternity, coposed to the geping and bottomless opening of Chaos.” We shall later encounter a brief allusion of Heidegger's to chara, nol to the one in the Timzeus bul, outside of all quetation end all precise reference, ihe ‘one in which Plato would designate the place Uri between the existent end being,? the ‘diference" of place between the bao. The oniclogico-encyciopedic conciusion of the Timaeus seems to cover over the apen chasm in the middle of the book. What it thus covers over, closing the gaping our: of the annied discourse on chora, wauid perhaps not only be the abyss between tha sensible end the inteliginie, between beit nothingness, between being and the lesser being, nor even per- haps between being and tulistent, nor yet betweeh ‘and mythos bul between all these ccuples and ancther which would not even be their oth Tes Indeed a chasm in the middle of the book, 2 sort of abyss “in” which there is an attempt tothinkr to say te abyeemanes whic would be hor. he openings olece in" wn evening woud cove batho ae olece and be retected ores are mages vir ate newibed ete signoat hat «mae on aye weatnta a carta orcer of composton a th dsoouse? Arc hal & gos o fr as to glo even tis mateo aire oe ayn, stich mast be similar snout lng derel ote ono hic ic precise af ene scgee ne chan? t tortcan re bis mibe en aby alc the forms le ciscours ov afaces riaes)relBly Hoon! laces,» pales ol eves ny commanded by te consieraicn of ses (ho abs I hilt region, tertey, county). ce aves asknedio uence fos cf aecourse? Mie en via gate dscouse on coll Cio plies csc pscot tows seek neal 9a non the suche of =» aces i tase Ate opening oho Tenses, free are conser cts guaran te ety the culvaiors and he aris ison ct abo anc ecueaton La: nets m pang thought eas salen hone sinus mal ane exer those whoa raised os guarans eth cy wl nat have snes fat woser er oe {icin} nether gold no sie They "ail eerste slaty a ab tank row tone Ney note (Nee) obec ae nen ores oun, no a1en he god whens te anything comorrad tet (Sue), ent Mi ate saston reso. ne corn © chars? This aueson can be ashes, sven ove does ho: Wh t taka sores howewe lems, Lis oa te ceo ‘scarcely contestable, One can say the same thing about the rema; lich foltows immediately (18c) and touches on the edu- cation of waren, on marrage and above al wh the mest Een on the community of chien, Al poss ble CTEssuES rus De aken norco eggammtat no one can krodMecsenaseshis owe atrechidios me sicher tiee, Mone beats in ir fact tat am MEME a99 Me oe had reac esr econo fr mon are veran nne nek bs prpared fore samo acts and forth sari fction. ne cn si felow ne tea alma eager Meron: Daron of chore wt the moter and, asupplemeriary sign ol expopraion ah ine rurse, cote ro anece eho ay oe Dry. nthe sense othe subjestie gentne tithe sense ofthe b.ectve gente. rath le poneten a sav as genders natnng and besides possess ro popery ala, the onvovnh af clas tenes oes toner ne by sre way is nomoe thee omer than the mothe. Ts i orovetamey aut the reels ca on cena whe wo ae pernapsakeadynacio iy ars he om el fe popes Ss sry meaning, La us concider eves he pote skategy of marriages. It manifests a relation at abyssal and analoge exivily with what will be said later about chora, about "re""adies or sisee ssioton (82, 83a) akan n oe fo softor select he“grat ane thea ho ew of heen ciossee th a eran chance. Now len tenet pages of he Tinwove na poy pion eeeosne ie coon te eee {uss intended toring 250.1 in secret he arangng of marrapes Morr tere chien nl be bon witithe eens ble ratraness. And ths does os neppen witout exe dawg ef ls wero (doe) Lelue epic cea enn eon aralogie or those mises on atyne ene, sue (oo Sue sre wil int) ate vat sowideed hess Ratan at vacques Derrida promos Fu, a aries, toaness, of secrets or fral compose te ato Plato the wer This tines ut and cup todo sore si, but wnat eimpertant nts vor aleco ii mea, ana tof ls Ingegenenty of he soneee nee of a cormpoue, 8 the constains which pracuce these anaogies, Shave say ra they contlute a progeny A age mace autriy was imposed an Pats? Yes, up oa pot ory, arets iit sppeate i tw ays fool Meooreocvion aie ae ‘game sete of pesinssrpton and ot ypographc pressipon lems the syples ewe ol he deen ok atmo ora. The ter gues te place of nsrpon of oats mario on he wot Ukew's is oor kelea clone wren Wal g0s, whether it be ue, probable or thc, fe the expt theme othe Tineum ae ae hen et hae enn, 0! Such a coms: plogrem and logic are appierendes in nf Fes, rough tbe in dreams, and put en abyie, Heving ken tis precaon wih regard anaagoe wich mgt seem Meador eu cca tne py carer taranen teh ae er and auterizs these displacements om one lace ine cher nthe seme' place ff oeane ese 12 Be notices. and its ganeraty nas so peak no oher nt nan seis presse ha AR Gonos ihe eecteloae Sore sna genera of soa! ference of ne gene of chisten cl he ngs ef big ard ithe wank soon aoe is (peter senssiererietigbe, he” amotner ora nurse, ol} We have jst ladod teal eve gence choos bons have not yel spoken of the genos as race.® my gre. Group, community, aifirty of bith, nation, ete. Now we've there. Sill at the pening oe Tina, nee i tele an satiereovvercton, a accuse (0%) ol Sores one woken na oe ‘ter government, Socrates sums it up, and these are the thenge all these genres of genres, but we on, etc. Now we're there. Still at the :rates on the poiteia and on its bet- ken. In passing, he uses the word 2006," transport the others in eecret * reeration in attributing to each his ‘wand its men, In this ho feels him ? claims to have nothing against the he conditions of birth as well as the shat it has remained alien to, name- mulacra. There is also the genre of _ the relation to place: the genus af these people have no domesticity, Vie town, incapable of undersiana- of gesture and speech, in the city what remains? Well, then, you, 10 ‘nase whe have (a) place, who take * strategy itself operates from a sort “ deciaring that he ia, litle bke the Socrates pretends to rank himself ‘affecting: in simulating the belong- and politicians, to "yours." Socrates ‘who have (a) place, a place and an 2 pretends to belong. He claims to 8. Therefore |, wi resemble them, 08, are without 2 piace of our awn, egos, of philosophy and politics, | ‘who make their trade out of resem- ‘cHORA blancs — the poets, the imitators, and the soahists, the genus af those who have na place. You alone have place and can say both the piace and tha non-place: in truth, and that is why am going to give you back the word. The duplicity of this set-exclu- sion, the simulacrum of ths withdrawal, plays on the belonging to the proper placa, as a palitica| place and as a habitation. Only ‘his belonging to place authorizes the tuth of the fogos, that is, also its peltical effectivity, ts oragmatic and praxical (praxique} ettciency, which Socrates regulary asiociates with tre fogos to a proper place which guarantees the truth ofits logos (otfac- tive telstion cf the ciscourse tothe thing ise, tothe mater, praginal and ofits ation {oranis, gon). The swecia sts of the ‘on-placa and ofthe simulaerum (amang whiom Socrates fot a miamentatects to rank himself Go not even havo to be exclude fed trom the city ike pharmshkot they exclude themsebjgaaey themselves, as does Socrates here nglving back the word, They txclidethemsetves by emeelves. cr preter! odo i trey ats simpy have ro rom (ats de place}. Theis ne room for them in the pol [iace (rieu) where affai spoken of and dealt with, the agora. Although the word was already not posed a8 such, it gests snd pois already. The nolo is avven. For on the one hand the ordered polysemy cf the word aways includes the sense of poltica place or more generaly of invested place, by opposition to abstract space. Chora moans’: place occupied by somecne, country, inhabited place, marked place, r2nk, post assigned positon, troy or region: Ard infact, chora will always already be occupied, invested, even as 2 gerffplace, anc evan when tis dictinguiched fom everrthing tt iekes piace in it, Whence the difficulty —we shall come to it of treating it 2s an empty or geometic spece, oreven, and tis is what Heiceggar wil cay oft as that repares' the Cartesian space, the extensioo the res anensa. and on this marked place, oi: oF affects to progsed trom errancy (depuis Nerance). from a mobile or non-merked place, in any case from 2 spacelimcusian which happens to be, info the bargain, neuvalzed, Why neutralized? Ht Socrates Dietends io incluve himselt among these whose genus is to have na place, he dace not assiilat himself to thom, ne says ho resembles hem, Hence he holds himsalf in @ thre genus. ina way, nother that cf the eophiste, poote and othr Initctero (oF whom he speaks}, ror that ofthe prilosopter-palitcians (to whom he soeaks proposing only {6 lisen to thom). In thn. genus and in the neutral space of 9 place without place, a place where everything is marked bur which would be “in set” unmarked Doesn't already reseraie what ote, later, those very ones to < he aves the word, wil cal chara? A mera resemblance, no doubt. Only a discourse of ihe sophists! type would be so IL as to shisuse it. Bul lo misuse a resemblarice, isn't that To presenti at ar get. sv ogi? One can aco AM ‘casos fr esemetarc os such We ve nie pe. trol, cur preanble on the ere Timgeus. ete be sto piooohy hnrdelone, ery mybolgy ales said Hegel. In these preambles, it is uestion cf Chora, at least not of the one that gives place to the measure of the cos- ros. Hovever, na singly made, te wry pace oie preamble gs pce, on the esl. oa Wea lace fo 2h assigting of he plac onan wno ll Be Bought tea of le. Ard ths essgraon laces oneySa ttevon. that othe place ofa gone win voir the proper pace Now suchastanrg tse en sane) weenie never ean been ten ito acount ths cour, tbe ne matted pacea andthe urnaiod placogagecrdng to aschenaorlogous fete ane vhich wl er rie dacouse cn chore. Soeetes ee otaces Wlncst atts spas al ne gon era, both those of the men of image and simulacrum whom ke preter a moment 1c resemble and that of the men ef action ‘and men of thelr word, philosophers and politicians te whom he ak 5 himselt while eifacing himself before them, But in thus elfacing himsalt. he situates himself or institutes himsell as a receptive addrossee, let us say as a receptacle of ailthat sil henceforth be inscribed. He declates himself to ba ready and aif set for that, disposed to receive everything he’s offered. The: words kosmos and endechomenon ate not fer avay: “pareimi te oun de Kekosmemencs ep'auta kei panton hetoimetatos on Gechestal” (200). Once more the question retuens: wnat does receive mean? What does Gechamairean? It is not so much @ ‘question in the form of “what does x mean?” i is net so much a question of meditating on the meaning of such and such an 23 sacques verrda xoression, as of remarking the fold of an immerse dou: the elatonshi. so ancient, so ireetional, so determinant, between the question cf sense andthe sensible and thatof roceptiviyn general, Tre Aemiarrioment has some priloge here bot even belore the nuts dorvaivus or pure sensibility have been datermined 2s recep, na inlutive or perceptoe elation to fel {gible meaning has ahvays Inch, ia frite being in general, an reducible receptily. tis tue a foro for sorsory ition 9 pereention. Deciema, which wil termine the flan ef chora to everything ubich is not hersslt and which she rece vex (ihe s pandectes, 51), pays on avo gamma of senoes and conaetatins: to eveWe oF accep (a depost a seley a pre Sent, to welcome, to gather, or even 0 expec, for example tho git cf hesptily, tobe ts addressee, as ie re the case tr Socrates in @ scene of git and couniengit or the hosaitaliy of i discourses, Socrsies cays he ls teady We vocoiee xchange the iscouteas of which he becomes ine welcoming, reff he, greet addresace(20b.c), We ae stl ha seton ©} i and debi, Wihen we get en to chera as pandeches, beyendibmennrepomorphy we Shie=wmaps glinpue a beyeed ot Sol in itsher pce. which isnot lust 8 piace among cthers, but perhaps place feo, the Wbacoable neplosonols una Lnplaceable place ter which he receives the words) of those before whom he elfaces Himself bt uhorovene pas hea, {cr be its who makes tis jak ike this Scetates doos nat eccuay ‘hs undiscoverable placa Bit the one ton uhion n the Timaeus ard eteuhoro, he answers toy gane, For a8 chara he ust bo calles in the seme way. Annet leon cay that Socrates hime. tris one here ts somooretr something, the pay ofthe prope’ nares becomes rote abyseal ton ear wa § pecs? To what and to whom does it give ace? What ge-senlace under those names? The portions. eubentatony OF ot of which he gh or te st enurekten appears to Be Says raved. Thor mf? rsmenscn i sonetines ooecea 8 such, and ine ise en bye, he puting en abyma is there given to be rellactod willl. srt Wo no foroet inom areron comes al tines tne feeling of dzziness, on what edges, up agains he inside face ol what wal ccs, cheese nre wecy they expe alloc mh tno prepestons of the Timaeus el Seem ordered by a dcublo ct n te vary dupely, heaton Site the philosophers a the myiheme such es wa saw it bing installed, rm Plato to Hegel 1 On ne ove hand, avin derives rom play. Hence fl not De (akon serously, Thus Pato watos Arstotle.he Ges in ahead Of ho serous abieclon Arisiole and rakes tho seme use ofthe opposition play/sqrousnaes (paidla/spcude), inthe name of hilesophical cena ee & But onthe alher hand in the order of Becoming whon di@™iannct ay claim toa lit and stabo lagen wher ore mans nea 9p withthe prababie, then mth isthe done thing (ce rit tigor. Those twpceaife are noceccsly itorntnen aloes ives the game its seriousness and the seriousness ts play, IP's not forbidden and To 10 discourse (dialogisastnal, 590} an he subjeot of hecios when one seeks only probably. One can tren make Mle: the lon (sean) of tronatle mine {tonetotanenyhon} In these omons of recroaticn one abandons reasoning onthe subject of temel beings, ove sean ray ' probable on tne subject of Becaning, One can then take pleasure inate (hedonen aitnoutremarse, one can moderately rd teasonadlyaney the game (patela, £9. The Tireeus multiples proposlions of ths ype. The myths Ssemaee ning slov ne brobable image because the sensory wold i te fa) image. The aeraory becoming i an mage. 4 semblance, Rerum an image of this image. The ddcurge formed the c¢ in the image of the sternal paradigm which he contemplates. The ‘ages wich alate hese mage, to heee foes ome bo oF the sare nave melyprocabe (2060) Me ae cig 0 ta accept inthis demain the “probable myth" ( inytvan) anid 01 Yo seo any further (09d, see also 424, 486, $70, 722.0), Whe cosmic-ontsiogic enoyclpodiao! tne Tinscus presents taollas a "orobaste myth” a le ordered by tne Hons shied ooposton ol ihe sensioo and tho nteliibe oft image inthe course ol becoming and of the elenal etrgs hou con one inscribe therein o situate therein the cscourse on chara? iis hdeed inscribed there x @ momen‘ bel tale oe sone ing on place of inscription of wich i's leer sald tna excoeds or precedes, in an order thats roreover a Loic ae achronic, anachronistic too, the constitutive oppositions of mytrlagie as such, of ne myth ccouise anor dhe ana ny 24 iimyth, On the one hand, by resemt th, of an open sbyss in the gen ‘being nor to ineligible being, is neither true nor probable anc a ferS myth to its philosophical te ives its neme, right in the enidc ture of this abyss were announ mises en abyime: a sories of n the outset, what Marx calls t vence on the ekmagoiogaamhe miseives tho imprinted r h as it reaches us, bornoy a (something) forward in a way like children for you have no wa n (paanta gegrammene] sinc }yOu Greeks, You don’t know whe fon without having been capabie genealogies to “childish myth paradoxes. Lite the myth of jother, to the secretariat of any of salvation, af saving a meme iges o! another place, which | tians is none the less subordi of qualities, as batits the scia are here by writing (gegram: ple, or even by another culture ‘appears highly significant her fe al least, its admiration, its do Groek masters who now depe ichever you preter, For this disc Greeks. Will we ever know whe Second eecurence, So Critia fect of the mythological Found ich he had already told the nigt great-grandtather, @ conversali pot! had heard from Solon the act lained to him in short why allt writing, destined them to perpe! ich those who are subject to ite porally, why they are doomed to oral selves bul thanks to the medi acs eget oar. ape (tts) ee ina ean a: ihayenb he ut san Wen ry eree ae recescay rleworen, ai "dense atpeasha, 5 » form (dean) of probable myths tr tats reo aoe an cHoRA smyth, On the one hand, by resembling an oneiic ané basiard reasoning, this Ciscourse reminds us of @ sort of myth within te myth, ofan open abyss inthe general mith. But cn the other nan, in giving fo be thought thai which belongs neither to sen- sory 98ing or 9 ineligible being, neither to becoming nor to eternity, th diseourse-on chorais ro longer a discourse on being itis neither tue nor probable and appeers thus to be heterogenous to myth. atleast 1 mytho-ogic fo this pilosopheme which arda's mith tis philesapnical ieios Tre abyss dees nat op0n all at once, at the moment wlan the general theme of chara receives its name, rightin the middle ofthe 2004 tall seems to happen ust asi! —and the as (fis mportant tous here — the fracture ofthis ebyss were announced in a muted and subterrancan way. proparing ane propagating in advancs its simulaora ane mises en abyme.a series of myth fictions set uy? in each citer. Let us consider fst, inthe staging of the Timaeus. toe tc at nse ayer no fle mi i we reas 1 promo ion est sequence onthe ekragetoggupint-boarer. ths mat iy fed) 10 caceive te morn, ot else onthe imprint and the Seal themselves the imprinted eMlxtuooms) — these are 60 many toe for approaching the enigma of chors, Firat occurrence Such as it teaches us, bomnleby 2 s2ries of ictional rlzys which we shall analyze lave. the speach othe old Egyptian priest puts (sometring} forward in a way pric to all writing. He epposes it to myth, quite simply, You Greeks, he says to Solon, you are like chidren for yau have ne writen radii. Aller ¢ ealaciysm you have to rewent everything. Heroin Egypt everythings writen (paanta gegrainmena) since the most ancien mes eh palaiou) {230d so too is even your own istry, the History of you Greaks. You don't know where your present city comes from, for these No survive the frequent catasirophes die in their tun without having been capablo of exproscing thericelvigammting (22). Deprived of writen archives, you have recourse in your genealogies io “childish myingel230). Since you navillMing, you need mytn. This exchange is not without some for ral paradoxes. Like the myth oficin, tho mamery of a Ms seen tobe entrusted not only toa wring but to tho writing of the other. tothe secretariat of acy, It musi thus be mace olner twice aver ordr to De saved, end itis indeed a ques- tion of salvation of saving a memory (238) by wring cn the walls of temple. The ling memory must be exiled tothe graphic vestiges of another place, which ie also ancther oty and cnother politcal space, But ino techno-graphic superoriy of the Eqyplians is none the less subotdinato foal hat tothe service of the Greek logos you Greeks, "You surpassed al mien in sl sorts of qual is, &s befits tne scions and the pupis of the gods, Numerous and great were yaur expos and tnose of your city; thoy are here by miting (gagranvrrena, and aro admired” (24d). The memory ofa pecole inspected, appropriated by another people. o° even by anotier culture: a well known phenomenor history of cultures as the history of colonization. Bul the fact appoars highty significant here: mory is deposited, J 10 a depot on the shores of a people wich dectares, here at least, its admiration, its dpe its subordination, The Egyptian is supposed to have appropriated the culture of the Greek masters who now depend ams hypomaesia, on this secretariat’s writing, on these monuments; Thet or Hermes, whichever you preter. For this discaurse cf the priest —or Egyptian intarpretar — is utterad here and interpreted in Greok, for the Greeks, Will we ever know who is holding this discourse on the dialectic of the master and the slave and on the two mem= cries Second eccurrence. So Critias reports a tale cf Solon whe himself reports the tale which an Egyptian priest told him on the ‘suipject of the mythological Foundation, precisely, in the memory of the Athenians. Still moygeprecisely: Critias repeats a tale which he had already told the night before and in the course of whlgkae reported a convelion between Solon and Critias his great-grandfather. s conversation which had been secounted tolflmm™men he was a child by his ancestor Crilias who hime self had heard trom Solon the account of the talk which the latter 1d in Egypt with the old priast, the came one whe ‘explained te him in short why all the Greeks ate at the mercy of oral tale-telling, or the oral tradition which, by deptiving therm ‘of writing, destined them to perpetual childhood! So here is a talo-teliing about oral tale-tellings, a chain of aral traditions by ‘hich those who ate subject to it explain to themselves show sariecne else, corning from @ county of wring, explains to them rally, why they are doomed to orality. So many Greek children, then, ancestors, childron and grandchildren, reflecting amongst themselves but thanks to the mediation cf someone other, al cnce foreigneristranger and accomplice, superior and ialeriar, the & ondary impressions, average or mediated. The originary imofif_ qin would be ineflaceable, once it has been engtaved in tie virgin wax. Now what is represented by a virgin was, which is stMirgin, absclutaly oreo rrany possible impression, always oie, baeavse alorrval an venying at soars net tncrcer tole fra rl gncceces tar maine cross ar tre sare reas ay Yourge art ven, aote an eros 6 ranofas loos ee (ova Feu cer rerarirg stor Bt was ana nooner shew he fomegy ete thom ue sey co otto tales in eth ear nate coro tatu, iene, gorse ons, # dont ar fhe ene boca ints ne contre ace a ach igus he ocplaco a anater Tools eng bo acne ooo of rare rcapace, 0: nara roe lcs. Let us nt oe el oceptecle, place tr acetane fa bosnatodgng Mocdcce) site mos rato deter ve not sey cogs rasan shen nes avec eo ceva} ons Butt Choeie a ueplacs tite versie wal he sof es cry. hal cane recur ec one sits wat she reeves and ene wral co feaenboe wc! ces scene, cho hho tespens, dese! became ho ipl sary taster cc ele. Thaugh HE lear apes mete Me do cnata :oattems ear ay hats epored and noch ante ay ite pace Rein tose in aan tom tars bak na eae ton othe itn ene be ote age eres ier sotoone peas ecg Giaoguewichis so havogen pace “ae nig (tes. 13) Ts second loon 2) bass cover fete ee Stan ron oy To) atic agoea a Sopp ettincn tae oe the theme of the prior fiction which is its including IMM :)s capable container, le! us say its receptacle. Socrates who, as we have noted, figures as a gonoral addressee, capal inderstanding everything and therefore of receiving everything {like Ourselves, even here), affects to interrupt there this mythopoetic string of events, Sut this is only in order to re-aunch it even ‘Mare forcefully: Well, let me tell you now furthermore, regarding this Stale (potla) which we heve described, what sort of fos! ing | fek about i... . This imoression is lke the ene which one would foel on seeing somewhere some beauiul fving things (ola kala), ether represented in painting nypographes, ot even really aliva, Out holding themselves at rest: one would foo! the esice to See them start moving by themselves and carry out in ceality some of the exereises for which thelr bodies seern to be 28 ‘That is what | feel, 100, wis gles which @ State keeps up itself worthy of the trainin Feach of the other States” (19b- Bal movernent given to a graphe, of the dead inscription of the d reprosentation of the potite painting, @ State's mevern >. The latter wes more dead Brace wih is own inten ideal city go out; nof ‘while yot showing a fame hibition of the city.® At the p of the things themselves ir capaule of getting out of th p the oxtent that they aro lw etikxon ethos, of the gencs t fealty inasmuch as itis mees de of this ethonos or oft of his mythemimetico-crapt fhever be capable of praisin ing astorisning about that. Sociates is not content tos their genos or their ethne plared, as betwean the succ! hore the sconas interlock « Id be attriouted cakmiy 10 scene, fo regard as reso derstood what it means to osophy of Plato, of the on yin so speaking, merely an in s extracted by artifice, mis ‘been supercharged and which twill come to oo Nor illegitimate since on 8 text of Plato, It works ar Beit as it's called, that's bect in dominating, according t xt for example those which ther historical situation, eve certainly one of the offects itis written!) that all this Is written in that dressed to the one who, ae we do, and f these tales of teles, after these recount: ‘no is alter all holding this discourse, who bers allthis. A tale about the possibilty a current translation (hore thet of Rivaud, t requires it: "This is wiry, as herocrates ».0n leaving then, on fesving therm, think 10 legomenon), that the things we learned echel faesamaion}, For myself, indoed, ong ag Id be very surprised (hau- It, and the old man taught + 88 if painted with indelible letters ¢hoste of so-called natural, spontansous, living ‘© mare durably inscribed in this way than Plays on this word with Its cuggestion of timo. It would atiect only second or seo- ‘eee, once it has been engraved in the of? iaany possible impression, always ‘9 MM agroceives inom, and whichis nev- ‘ristic, 80 indeterminate that it does not | the moment when there will be grounds gy of this sctiera with the very content tio, it Goesn't matier for the moment — another. There is nothing but receptacies at receptacle, place of reception or har: Wial! for reasons which must already be ‘logic oF mythic, that can be recount- takes place in her, chova herself, so ot 8 tue dagos, ne more ia the word on ‘@ place inits tuin. Let us take it up again 4 Timaeus, someone speaks at first of a jon (F2) has a content, the fictive madel makes of the included ficven ina sense Say its receptacie. Socrates wiho, a8 we 1d therefare of raceiving everything (like this is only in order to re-launch it even Ich we have described, what sort of feel: somewhere some beautiful fing things 1g themselves at rest: one would feel the Toises for which their bodies seem to be cHORA suited. That is what | fee, 160, with fegate to the State whose plan we have (un through: | would like to hear it told that these stluggles which State keeps up, are also set agains! other States. That it marches, as it should, o battle, that during the wat it shows itself worthy ofthe tairing and education given to its citizens, ether in its operations or in its negotiations with regare to each ofthe othor States" (19h). Desire of Socrates, of the one who receives everyihing, once again: to give life, to see lt and meverent given to a graphs, to see 8 zoagranhy become arimated, in ether werds a pictutal representation the desonp tion of the dead inscription ofthe living. This desires also poilical. How would one set in motion, ie. set walkinglmarching, dead representation of the pofeal By showing the ely in ralation with other cites. One wil thus describe by words, by dis ‘cursive painting, a State's movement of going ci Thanks to a second graphic fcr. one wil go ousice of the t's Gropto.Tne ator wes oro deus. Tess ng han nfl one oto oer at doserbes ne ety tcl ora tea Stpeace mins omnes te domestic ecorcaie osciy ol wea mats te garistrege ihe Ges pien cf the 0cy 99 ct. rf nore an moo roa ut a ote, a ing ago of hi ing ond mod fel wto yet shoving a Meng that nora he tes war a the anges of he wor. 1.5 an poston’ ‘surefexhibition of the city.® At the moment whee he asks that one should at last get out of this graphic hallucination to see the irage of ne tage hansehes h nove, Sores pe nou rami re, pees ana sori by cot he se ree ogre te suena hen iin be til ay Ps eto me exon aly re sna ode, witout a place ofr on ath o fed abot at ese Meer rrematon aan hs gor an sapien ole nals gore iis powetce reeves sendy eo [ateanyhonucy ste Sroaagag cre costs secMlowe wats ax arte coneinca sleanete exch to side ie aonoe oro é Seeracsconteso Pash oo Incepabe ot gong clade, by nee and et Wr sao heyeommetce gral iirn neces ge te ane movement oie cy eae vet na onoere owt "nl ovr bo conse ph a oe shuld ee ren and ot (man poeta eee Fr we er ‘chose boncon ho cusnrie leon he “eto stu wiowton hae oh shou rete ated ayn heguasspty obs TL be tomsecognze lent com resus ot tac nae esl sre eopcayn cows, hong! Pe ea eae ro sre uncer vats rare nce ocr vale ely Stel ote Fervent id ewsel speck tre nop ll, ho ely oF Pio ev of Pel? ae al and hve nol prooaay b no ser tanta vor eervaaed ent depos lb tence enrol” ete i nace sveelomatore arbitrary nor illegitimate since one can be recommended to do so tain force of thelic abstraction at work in the heterc ‘geneous text of Plato. It works and presents ilsel! precisely under 1 of philosophy. IF its not illegitimate and arbitrar to call it as i's called, that's because its arbitrary violence, its abstraction, consists in making the lew, up to @ point and for while, In Cominating, according to a mode which is precisely all of philosophy, oter mots of hought which are also ai work i the text: for example those which interest us hete in a privileged way, and starting {som another situation — let us say for brev ty another historical situation, even though history depends most aften in its concept on this philosophical fertage. "Platonisrr Is thus certainly one of te effects of the text signed by Plato, for @ lang te tha dominant effect and for necessary reasons, bt ar Jacques Derrida this offect is alwaye turned back against the text. I: must he possible to analyze this violent reversion, Not that we have at our isposel at a given moment a greater lucidity or new instruments. Prior to this technology or this methodology, & new situation, a now experience, a different relation must be possible. | leave these three words (silvation, experience, relation) without com- plement in order net fo determine them too quickly and in order to announce new questions through this reading of chara. To say, for example, situation or topelogy of being, experience of being or relation to being, would perhaps be to set oneself up too quickly in the space opened uo by the question of the meaning of being in ts Hsideggerian type. Now it will appear lator, ‘a propos of the Heideggerian interpretation of chore, that our questions ate also addressed to certain decisions of Heidegger {and to their very Rorizon, to what forms the horizon of the question ee meaning of oeing ang ofits epochs. The violent rever- ee sion of which 2 have just spoken is always interestec and interes naturally at work in this ensemble without limit which, here cailthe text. fn constructing itself, in being posed in ts domtane otmat a given mon, that of the Platonic thesis, philosophy ar ontofagy}, the latter is neutralized in it, numbed, self-destructed or dissimulate ‘ually, partially, provisionek ly. The forces that ate thus inhioited continue to maintain a certain disorder, some potential ineherance and same hetero geneity in the organization of the theses. They introduce parasitism into t, and clandestinity, ventrtequism and above all gen etal tone of denial which one car learn to pergive by exercising one's ear or one's eye on it. *Platanism" is not only an exam ple of this movement, the frst ‘in’ the whole WE" of philosophy. It commands i. commands this wnole Nstory. As such, & philosophy would henceforth always be ‘Platcrie® Hence the necessity to continue to try 10 think what takes place in Plato, with Palo, whatis chown there, what is hidden, so as to win there 1 there, Let us ‘eturn to the Timaeus, At the point we have now reached, how can we recognize the present o the tale? Wea” presented there? ops the discourse tner0? To whom igthe speech addressed? Stil to Socrates: we have already ins'st20 on this singular dissyf’"*"y. our that remains stil 100 inde terminate, by definition. At this point, then, three instances of textual fiction are mutually ~B"Sded in one another, the one as competence for that. In effacing himsell and in renderings, § word, Socrates seqpeaiso to induce and to program the dis- course of his acdressees, whose listener and receiver he affects to become, Trroud "mouths henceforts, who will speak? Wail it be they, Socrates’ addresse0s? Or Socrates, thelr adcressee? In genos of thedE alo by nature and by education pacticx {said he) had with Solon, a conversation in the coursd, ich the latter relates in his tum a conversation which he had with an 28 Pspiro or produce the tele, thus h Bdressees or receptacles of the t ers. In the fiction, self wrt 0, in writieg, 19 an origin older t the appearance is that we thin ins confined in the space of th tulate himself here on passing ‘applauds, indeed. when Oriias d Told hin on the subject of what one of these expicils uma FSaini Ansolm, unlose it 0 fall, That's well said, repideso ‘wort (ergon} which was not re iencn) but asa high tact reall ht, then, to speak at last of a fac By would come to us trem Solon’s ted a8 a poet of genius. Ifthe L passed Hesiod or Homer. After fee, this is a furthor excess off aric tension between the B ed with him — contents of ident ual aft (deriva) which takes 1, pulled back, entrusted to a 9 to the next, the author gets r Orphan or bastard, itis dist 1swer for it andl about it. This f lating, if we can stil say this, ceptacio and as it wore the nur thus derives from that serdium pother suitable “comparison” is ps pthe paradigm to a father, and ¢ per figure and although it ne long ier words, with the paradigms pie, s0 that which the intelligi The “mother"is supposediy ap Beeives, she is notmore of a moll se itis & unique individual, $ fe spacing which keeps a dissye f@ @ couple with her. In the cou ger be considered as an crigin, Hast, of a present that is past. & { reversion. Not that we have at our ‘this methodology, @ new situation, experience, relation} without com- 3 through this reading af chora, To vould perhaps be to set oneself up rian type. Now it will appear later, 40 certain decisions of Heidegger and ofits epochs. The violent rever= inthis ensemble without imi which nfo that of the Patonic thesis, ed 2? ually, parvaly, provisional tial (MSherence and some hetero- vaniriloquism and above al a gen- it, *Platonisen” is not only an exaen- \ands this whole history. As such, a think what takes place in Plato, with 3 the Timaeus At the point we have gids the discourse there? To whom ly; but tnat remains still too inde ¥'Sced in one another, the one as difficult to cut up, ahe conversation ‘ye tho description af the ideal not. vivant - i), Socrates thus demands and politics, those things that the tes. incapable of, He addrasses his 1g fo them the necessary right and 310 induce and to program the dis- ‘nouths henceforth, who will speak? by nature and by education pattic- fachon 20a}, sees itselt thus being 9 to the genos of the simulators. So ve road, according to old oral radi- ated an old and il-determined tra. self told of a conversation which he conversation which he had with an according te Egyptian scuiptures. dorted in this teling ef tellings) that in ts form, it's a matter of remind hens is ¢ figuration of a city which, Egyptian city from which the priest lis taie. That place, which seems to HORA ‘ept or prediee tho tl, tus has anche place, Athos, 86s de. Sos Aton of ts pope who, as the anparnt tdéresses or reste of tho tl, wae tus be, according tote pot Meat teres, predwors ov pect ts iformes. Inte itor el we. lv never eat hare dvalped tue a hey oa procession ot wire rele tin, nwting ton tin oer en set ine can, Boucen Ferd eis a art rovtsat an pore’ cle onhe tnd he appearance ist wo thnk wee paso en a et to folly. exing om he urdacun. th, evening terains confine inthe spaces he zaoyaanc teen We can pee tha rancegery te oxae rood coro con stato rise ov. assng ever seo tinge ard gong bone manenate acting io geno el ovens as se eopaus, ndoed. when Oras ermeuced c Rime esting raat ect we ganda hin Slr recta ent sect that Eton ae eee tom abut th maveeus exp acamoisned by is Cio ol hese ees gu he retest of a AM enon egon) tert, | ove ay mihi argue ctl. Thats wal sec opi PWReciatos nhs erm, ay egos. And Goes ono ask atcrce wat ths onl he eos the wor erg) hich was not enor or asa tion, semaine ead, some ei rer ak abo Co !agomanor but es igh fc eal accarishes (oro by thay, moan dsj, anc abo so Sl us hor el We cut oracle ge rity acai Ml hcoee Ler ee he eto sen al weld come fo us fom Solis mh rimse ate by two generaners tate, ow a Sl? he lye sentod a 9 poet ot gents ihe uget el of polos , the esi deve hse to hs gor. be wale Pv " surpassed Hesiod of Homer. After upat Socrates has [ust out poets, after the “realist” tuen which the text pretended to take, this is a further excess of|fM@snich destabilizes evBtrmore the firmness of the theses and themes, It accentuates tho dynamic tension between the th ct and the textual fiction, between the “philosophy” or the "politics* which is here @ss0- lated with him — contents of identiiable and transmissible meanings Ike the identity of a knowledge — end on the other hand a teal drift [corive) which takes the form of myth, in any oase ar a “saying” Vogomench) whose uilyit uppears stil unde= ‘ined, pulled back, entiusted to a responsibilty thal is forever adjourned, without a fixed and determinable subject. Fram one telling to the next, the author gets farther and farther away. So the mythic saying resembles a discourse without a legitimate ‘ather. Orphan or bastard, itis distinguished from the philosophical Jogas which, as is seid in the Phaecrus, must have a father {© answer for i and about i, This familial schema by which cndiKes 2 discourse will be round again at work at the moment of situating, # we can sill say this, ce {Hiev) of any site Inamely chora. On the one hand, the latter would be the ‘receptacle and as it wore the urs bith" (pases einai geneseos hypedochen anten hoien tithenen, 49a). As a nurse, she thus derives from that tertium € logic commands all shat is altributed to i. On ihe ether hand, litle further on nother suitable “comparison” is proposed fo us: ‘And itis convenient to compare (proseikasai prepet the receptacle io amoth- ®t, the paradigm to a father, and the intermediary nature between the Iwo to a child (ekgenan}" (Sud). And yet, to follow this, other figure arc although it no longer has the place of the nurse but that of the mother, chora does not pair off wilh the father, in other words, with the paracigmatic model. She is « third genderigenus, she does Not belgga ta an oppositional coup'e, tot example, so thal which the intelligible paradigm forms with the ie and whic miner looks like a fathet/son cour ple. The ‘mother" is supposedly apart. And since it's only a figure, alla, therefore one of these determinations which chara receives, she is not more of a mather than a nurse, is no more thar an, This triton genos is not a genos, and fitst of all becauso itis a unique individual, She does not belong ‘0 the ‘race of women" (genos gynaikon).® Chora marks a place pert, the spacing which keeps a cissymmetrical relation with all that which, “in herself" besige or in addition to herself, seems to ‘make @ couple with her. In the couple cutsids of the couple, this strange mother who gives place without engendering, can ne longer be considered as an origin. Pre-ctiginary, before end outside of all generation, she no longer even has the meaning or @ past, of a present that is past. Befors signifies na temporal anteriority. The relation of independence, the non-relation looks 23 Jacques Derrida ‘more like that of the interval or the spacing of the viewpoint of what is lodged in it 10 be recaived in it. And yet the d'scourse on hora, conducted By @ bastard reascning that is without a tegitimate father (logis tn! nothei. 52b]. is inaugurated by a new return to the origin: a new raising of the stakes in the analytic regression, The whole of the Timaous thus scans to the shythm of steps Backwards. lis proper time is articulated by movements which resume from even farther back tne things aeady deat with fartrer back. Thus: According to that, if you wank to say really (onics) how the World was born, you have to introduce into the tale the species of the wandering cause (ka' to tes planomenes eidos aitas) anc the natute of ks proper movement. Hence you must again immectately

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