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Current Scenario of
Biopesticides
An Assignment of Agri Input Marketing
Biopesticide in India
Biopesticides represent only 2.89% (as on 2005) of the overall pesticide market in India and is
expected to exhibit an annual growth rate of about 2.3% in the coming years (Thakore, 2006). In
India, so far only 12 types of biopesticides have been registered under the Insecticide Act, 1968
(www.nicm.org.in/biopesticides/registered.htm). Neem based pesticides, Bacillus thuringensis,
NPV and Trichoderma are the major biopesticides produced and used in India
(http://coe.mse.ac.in/taxproj.asp). Whereas more than 190 synthetics are registered for use as
chemical pesticides. Most of the biopesticides find use in public health, except a few that are
used in agriculture. Besides, i) transgenic plants and ii) beneficial organisms called bio-agents:
are used for pest management in India.
Consumption of biopesticides has increased from 219 metric tons in 1996-97 to 683 metric tons
in 2000-01, and about 85% of the biopesticides used are neem based products. Consumption of
chemical pesticides has significantly fallen from 56,114 MT to 43,584 MT during the same
period.
Some success stories about successful utilization of biopesticides and bio-control agents in
Indian agriculture include (Kalra & Khanuja, 2007):
Benefits
1. Growth of lantana weed was controlled by using the bug Telonemia scrupulosa
2. Sugarcane pyrilla has been successfully controlled in a number of States by the
introduction of its natural enemy Epiricania melanoleuca and Tetrastictus pyrillae.
3. Trichogramma, which feeds on the eggs of sugarcane borers, has been used against the
borers in the states of Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, UP, Bihar and Haryana.
4. Similarly Trichogramma, Bracon, Chelonus and Chrysopa spp. are being used for the
control of cotton bollworms. Trichogramma has also been used against rice stem borer
and leaf folder.
5. The sugarcane scale insect has been controlled with the help of
predatory coccinellid beetles in UP, West Bengal, Gujarat and Karnataka.
The popularity of biopesticides has increased in recent years, as extensive and systematic
research has greatly enhanced their effectiveness. Also, techniques for the mass production,
storage, transport and application of biopesticides have been improved in recent years.
So far, use of synthetic chemical pesticides had been the widely used approach for reducing the
estimated 45% gross crop loss due to pests and diseases, amounting to around Rs. 290 billion per
annum. More and more quantities of chemicals are used for agricultural intensification to feed an
ever growing population. In fact, the pest induced loss is on the rise despite increasing usage of
pesticides. Fortunately, realization of the negative effects of these chemicals on nature and
natural resources like pollution, pesticide residue, pesticide resistance etc, have forced many to
shift focus on to more reliable, sustainable and environment friendly agents of pest control, the
Scope of Biopesticides
The striking feature of biopesticides is environment friendliness and easy biodegradability,
thereby resulting in lower pesticide residues and largely avoiding pollution problems associated
with chemical pesticides. Further, use of biopesticides as a component of Integrated Pest
Management (IPM) programs can greatly decrease the use of conventional (chemical) pesticides,
while achieving almost the same level of crop yield. However, effective use of biopesticides
demands understanding of a great deal about managing pests especially by the end users.
In terms of production and commercialization also biopesticides have an edge over chemical
pesticides like low research expenditure, faster rate of product development as well as flexible
registration process.
Biopesticides In India , the annual estimate damage ( 20%-30%) caused by pests ,diseases and
weeds in various crops in the field and stored grains was Rs. 60-70 billion in 1983 . The present
price estimates is around 600 billion That’s why in 2005 ,pesticides worth Rs 27 billion were
used in India Biopesticides are likely have a greater impact on the insecticide sector .
Some analyst believe that Biopesticides will account for 15 % of the total insecticide market by
2010 . There is a growing demand for organically cultivated fresh and process fruits and
vegetables . The current consumption of organically produced fruits and vegetables at the global
level is valued at Rs 27 billion .
The APEDA ( Agricultural Produces Export Development Agency ) of the Union Commerce
Ministry had proposed to export organic food at a value of Rs 1500 billion annually during
eleventh five year plan This would require enormous efforts to produce and use Biopesticides in
However, some of the factors which have restricted the growth of biopesticides are:
Usage of Biopesticides
Health effects
Safety issues Environmental
impacts
Waste Lower
Reduction hazardous
substances
sustainable
processes
Correspondingly, consumption of biopesticides has increased from 123 metric tons (tech. grade)
in 1994-95 to 683 metric tons in 2000-01, and almost 85 percent of the biopesticides used are
neem based products. Recent statistics indicate that the consumption of biopesticide in India has
increased to 1920 MT during 2005-06 (1717 MT need based and 203 MT Bt-based). It is worth
mentioning here that, during 1994-95 biopesticide accounted for only 0.2 percent of the overall
pesticide use in the country which has increased to about 5 percent by 2005-06, recording a
CAGR of almost 38 percent in the share of overall pesticide use during the period.
The growth of total world production of biopesticides is rising and therefore demand and use is
also increasing. In India, biopesticide consumption has shown its increased use over the time
(Figure 1). In 2005-06, consumption of biopesticides in India stands at 1920 MT
Research publications in biopesticides from India, as well as the world, are increasing but the
degree of increase is very high in case of global publications. The average annual growth rate of
global publications during the specified period is 51.1% while that of India is 37.4%. In terms of
patenting, Indian condition appears to be very poor whereas in the case of global patents it is
showing a slight increase over the years. India has so far secured only 19 patents in biopesticides.
The National Centre for Integrated Pest Management (NCIPM) looks after plant protection needs
in various agro-climatic zones of the country. Besides, it oversees the setting up and running of
State Bio-control Labs (SBCLs). There are around 38 such SBCLs across the country, which are
engaged in production and distribution of natural predators and parasites to farmers.
The Insecticide Act of 1968 has been amended accordingly to simplify the process of registration
to allow speedier development and production of biopesticides.
· As reported, India’s total pesticide consumption stands at 1,00,000 ton. The area under
organic cultivation (crops) in India is estimated to be around 1,00,000 hectare. Besides,
there are lakhs of hectare of forest area being certified as organic. Further, some states
like Uttaranchal and Sikkim have declared their states as organic. Moreover, the area
under organic crop cultivation is going to increase substantially because of the growing
demand of organic food, a result of increasing health consciousness among the people.
This indicates that there is huge scope for growth of the biopesticide sector in India.
· Analysts believe that due to rising cost of developing new effective molecules and the
non-capability of most Indian companies associated with the pesticide industry to invest
such huge amount, there would be a greater development in the biopesticides sector
(Desai, 1997).
· Due to its rich biodiversity India offers plenty of scope in terms of sources for natural
biological control organisms as well as natural plant based pesticides.
· The rich traditional knowledge base available with the highly diverse indigenous
communities in India may provide valuable clues for developing newer and effective
biopesticide.
· There exist opportunities for identification of novel sources of biopesticides; for instance,
exploration and utilization of nanosilica as a potential agent of biopesticide.
· The supply chain management needs to be strengthened in order to increase the usage of
biopesticides. In this regard, an efficient delivery system from the place of production
(factory) to place of utilization (farm) of biopesticides is quite essential.
· Contribution to less synthetic chemistry
· Resistance management
· Improved worker safety
· Low environmental impact
· Exportation advantages, ISO, CODEX
· Replacement of FQPA or deregulated products
1. Availability of Biopesticides About 680 products of different microbials are currently available
worldwide In India about 16 commercial preparations of Bt ( Bacillus thuringiensis) , 38 fungal
formulations based on Trichoderma,Metarhizium,Beauveria and about 45 baculovirus-based
formulations of Helicoverpa and spodoptera are available Microbial biopesticide are likely to
replace at least 20 % of chemical pesticides Source –DBT ,Delhi
Rising Use
The use of biopesticide is increasing while the use of its chemical counterpart is decreasing. This
is really an encouraging piece of information everyone would like to be associated with. Though,
chemical pesticides still dominate the overall pesticide usage in India, a simple trend line based
projection indicates that by 2020 biopesticide will account for about 37 percent of the pesticide
consumption in India
(iii) Government needs to give low interest loans for biopesticides at least in the initial phase, so
that the farmers do not shy away due to prohibitive cost and they use them to recognize the long
term benefits. (iv)Research and development in the area of biopesticides other than Bt and neem
based biopesticides, also need to be strengthened and this need to be funded by the government.
(v) More research is needed on ‘lab to field transfers’, because some biopesticides do well in
the laboratory, but not in the field. (vi) There is a need for a check on negative role of strong
chemical pesticide industry, which is preventing the promotion of biopesticides to protect their
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