What Is This Module About?

Suppose that you and your four brothers inherited a tract of land with a length of
400 meters and a width of 250 meters. The land was equally divided into five parts.
What is the area of the land? How many square meters of land will each of you get?
In multiplying the length and width of the land, you are actually computing area.
Knowing how to solve for the area of planar figures and of various geometric shapes
can be very useful to you. For example, knowing the area of your land will help you
decide what structures to build. If the area of your land is big, you may want to build a
basketball court for the out-of-school youth in your neighborhood.
In this module, you will learn how to solve and compute for the area of planar
figures and various geometric shapes. You will also learn the different units of
measurement and how to convert one unit to another as you solve for the area.
This module contains two lessons. These are:
Lesson 1 – Units of Area
Lesson 2 – Planar Figures, Solids and Irregular Planar Figures

What Will You Learn From This Module?

After studying this module, you should be able to:

♦ give examples to show what area is;
♦ identify the units used in measuring area;
♦ compute the areas of various geometric shapes;
♦ convert units of area in the metric system to the English system and vice
versa; and
♦ use your knowledge of area to solve everyday problems.

1
 Let’s See What You Already Know

Before you start studying this module, take the following test first to find out
how will you know the topics to be discussed.
A. Match the objects in Column A with their appropriate units of measurement
in Column B.
A B
_____ 1. shoe box a. mm2
_____ 2. small tract of land b. ft.2
_____ 3. beach c. ha
_____ 4. small floor tile d. cm2
_____ 5. bus e. m2
_____ 6. province f. km2
g. in.2
h. dm2
B. Identify each of the following figures and write the appropriate formula for
the area of the figure.

1. Figure: ________________
Formula: _______________

2. Figure: ________________

Formula: _______________

2
C. Solve the following problems.
1. A businessman has a land with an area of 555 square meters (m2). If the
land tax rate is two pesos per square foot (ft.2), compute the amount of
real estate tax the businessman has to pay.

2. Look at the diagram below.

10 m

20 m

5m 25 m

6m

A businessman has a fishpond shaped like the figure above. He

figured that he needs at least a 200-square meter pond for his
business to be profitable. If the businessman’s fishpond has dimensions
like the dimensions of the figure above, will it be profitable?

3
 Well, how was it? Do you think you fared well? Compare your answers with those
in the Answer Key on pages 33 to 35 to find out.
If all your answers are correct, very good! This shows that you already know
much about the topics to be discussed. You may still study the module to review what
you already know. Who knows, you might learn a few more new things as well.
If you got a low score, don’t feel bad. This only means this module is for you. It
will help you understand some important concepts that you can apply in your daily
life. If you study this module carefully, you will learn the answers to all the items in
the test and a lot more! Are you ready?
You may go now to the next page to begin Lesson 1.

4
 LESSON 1

Units of Area

As you have read at the very start of this module, the concept of area is very
important because of its many different applications. For instance, your knowledge of
area is useful in finding the ground or surface covered by a poultry farm, fishpond or
even the floor area of your house! In measuring area, you also need to know how to
convert one unit of measurement to another because there are various units used in
measuring area.
After studying this lesson, you should be able to:
♦ explain the meaning of area;
♦ identify and use the different units of measurement of area; and
♦ convert a unit of area to another.

Let’s Read
Eric and his father are doing the rounds in their newly built house.

Dad, may I have this room? The

view from the window here is nice.

We’ll see
about that.

5
 Blue vinyl tiles That’s fine. Just inform
would look nice our contractor of your
in this room. request.

But how many It depends

tiles am I on the floor
going to area of this
order? room.

Uh, dad, how am I

supposed to know the floor Well, this room is 20
area of this room? feet long and 15 feet
wide. The floor area is
the product of the
length and width.

20 times Yes, 300 square feet. Now

15...that’s if each of the square vinyl
300! tiles has an area of 1
square foot, you will have
toorder...

6
 300 tiles! The area of each vinyl tile
You’re right. But what
would be 4 square feet.
if each vinyl tile is 2
Therefore, we would need
feet on the side?
300/4 or 75 of the 4-square
foot vinyl tiles to cover the
300-square foot floor area of
this room.

Now you’re I owe it to you,

learning. Now I know area
dad. computation.
Thanks a lot, dad.

Let’s Think About This

1. What is area?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

2. Give an example of an object whose area is to be measured and explain what

it means.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on page 36.

7
 Let’s Learn
Do you already know what area means?
To understand the meaning of area, try to gather all your books that are similar in
size. Now try to cover the surface of a rectangular table with the books you have
gathered. Suppose it took 30 books to cover the table, what do you think this means? It
means that the table has an area equivalent to 30 books.
Look at the figure below.

Try to count the square units in the figure. How many square units were you able
to count? What do you think it means? Did you know that finding the area of a surface
means knowing how many square units can be placed on the surface to cover it? It is
comparing the surface whose area is to be measured with the surface covered by one
square unit. So if it takes 25 square units to cover the surface of the figure above, the
area of the figure is 25 square units.
So if we say that the area of a room is 50 square meters, we mean that if we had
squares each with a side of 1meter, it would take 50 of these squares to cover the
whole room.
Conversion
It is important to know the relationship between units of measurement of area and
length. Their relationship can be used to convert one unit of measurement to another.
The followng is a table of measurements that can help you convert one unit of
measurement of area to another. It is advisable that you memorize the table to be able
to convert units of measurement faster.

8
 The standard unit of area in the metric system is the square meter.

1 square kilometer (km2) = 1000000 square meters (m2)

1 km2 = 100 hectares (ha)
1 ha = 10000 m2
1 m2 = 100 square decimeters (dm2)
1 dm2 = 100 square centimeters (cm2)
1 cm2 = 100 square millimeters (mm2)
Listed are units of area not commonly used:
1 square foot (ft.2) = 144 square inches (in.2)
1 in.2 = 6.4516 cm2
1 m2 = 9 ft.2

The units square millimeter, square centimeter, square decimeter and square inch
are used to measure areas of small objects, figures or shapes. Some examples of such
small objects are lighters, matchboxes, small floor tiles, shoe boxes, books and paper.
The units square foot and square meter are better used in measuring areas of
bigger objects, figures or shapes. Examples of such objects are small tracts of land,
vehicles and floor areas of houses.
The units hectare and square kilometer are used in measuring areas of massive or
large objects, figures or shapes. Some examples are resorts, large bodies of water,
agricultural lands, beaches, provinces, regions and countries.
A sample problem is presented to help you further understand the conversion of
units of measurement.
EXAMPLE 1

A farmer needs 12 ha of land to plant his mango trees. The land he owns has an
area of 125000 m2. Does the farmer have enough land to plant his mango trees in?
SOLUTION:

STEP 1 Identify the conversion factor to be used.

1 ha = 10000 m 2
STEP 2 Express the conversion factor as a ratio with the unit of measure to
be cancelled out in the denominator.

1 ha
10000 m 2

9
STEP 3 Multiply 125000 m2 by the conversion factor in ratio form to convert
square meters to hectares.

1 ha
125000 m 2 × = 12.5 ha
10000 m 2
STEP 4 Make your conclusion.
The farmer has enough land for a mango orchard.

Let’s Try This

PROBLEM 1 A carpenter was asked to place floor tiles in a bathroom. Each

floor tile has an area of 48 in.2. If the bathroomhas an area of
309676.8 cm2, how many tiles are needed by the carpenter?
SOLUTION:

STEP 1 Identify the conversion factor to be used.

STEP 2 Express the conversion factor as a ratio, making sure that the unit
of measure to be cancelled out is in the denominator.

STEP 3 Convert the area of each bathroom tile to square centimeters.

Compute how many tiles are needed to fill the bathroom floor.

STEP 4 Make your conclusion.

10
PROBLEM 2 A man wants to run his own bakery business . He needs a store with
an area of at least 45 m2. One day, he saw a sign which read “For
rent: store space with a floor area of 450 ft.2.” Can the
businessman start his bakery?
SOLUTION:

STEP 1 Identify the conversion factor to be used.

STEP 2 Express the conversion factor as a ratio with the unit to be

cancelled out in the denominator.

STEP 3 Convert the unit of measurement.

STEP 4 Make your conclusion.

Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on pages 36 and 37.

Let’s See What You Have Learned

A. Match each object in Column A with the appropriate unit(s) of area in

Column B.
A B
_____ 1. lighter a. mm2
_____ 2. television set b. ft.2
_____ 3. beach resort c. ha
_____ 4. matchbox d. cm2
_____ 5. food tray e. m2
_____ 6. farmland f. km2
g. in.2
h. dm2

11
 B. Solve the following problems.
1. A businessman needs at least 3 ha of land to start his poultry farm. His
family owns a tract of land measuring 40000 m2, which will be divided
equally among him and his three brothers. Will the businessman be able
to start his business?

2. A room has five windows. Each window has an area of 18 ft.2. If the
material for making curtains for the windows has an area of 10 m2, is
the material large enough to make curtains for all the windows?

Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on pages 37 to 39. Did you
get a perfect score? If you did, that’s very good. If you did not, that’s okay. Just review
the parts of the lesson you did not understand very well before you move on to Lesson
2.

12
 Let’s Remember

♦ Area is the number of square units that is equal to the measure of a surface.
♦ The basic unit of area in the metric system is the square meter. A unit of area
can be converted to another by looking at how they are related to each other.

Conversion of Units of Measurement of Area

1 square kilometer (km2) = 1000000 square meters (m2)

1 square kilometer (km2) = 100 ha
1 hectare (ha) = 10000 square meters (m2)
1 square meter (m2) = 100 square decimeters (dm2)
1 square decimeter (dm2) = 100 square centimeters (cm2)
1 square centimeter (cm2) = 100 square millimeters (mm2)
The following are units of area not commonly used:
1 square foot (ft.2) = 144 square inches (in.2)
1 square inch (in.2) = 6.4516 square centimeters (cm2)
1 square meter (m2) = 9 square feet (ft.2)

♦ In converting a given unit of measurement to another, always remember to

do the following steps:
− Identify the conversion factor from the table of units of measurement.
− Express the conversion factor as a ratio such that the unit of
measurement to be cancelled out is in the denominator.
− Multiply the given unit of measurement by the conversion factor.

13
 LESSON 2

Planar Figures, Solids and

Irregular Planar Figures

In computing the area, it is very important to identify the figure or object. There
are three types of figures____planar figures, irregular planar figures and solids. The area
of each type of figure is computed using a different formula.
After studying this lesson, you should be able to:
♦ identify different planar figures and irregular solids;
♦ use the appropriate formula in computing the area of planar figures, solids
and irregular planar figures; and
♦ solve for the area of planar figures, irregular planar figures and solids.

Let’s Read

Glo, would you like to join

me? I am trying to find an
apartment or house for rent
because we already need to Sure,
move out of our house and ‘Nay.
transfer to a place nearer
your school.

Let’s look at that house

with the sign “apartment
forrent.”

14
Glo, play with the
other kids while I
talk with the Yes,‘Nay.
landlady.

Good afternoon! I would like to know Well, the apartment is built on a square
more about the apartment. What is the lot. One side of the lot is 9 meters
land area of the apartment and how long. It has an area of 81 square
much is the monthly rent? meters. The monthly rent is P6000.

Thank you for your ‘Nay, I overheard your

time. I will think conversation with the landlady.
about it and see if it Okay, bye. ‘Nay, what is the shape of the
fits our budget. Bye. land and how did she solve for
itsarea?

15
 Let’s Think About This

How do you think the landlady was able to compute the lot area?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

Compare your answer with that in the Answer Key on page 39.

Let’s Learn

Area of a Planar Figure

Before solving for the area of a figure, it is important to know if the figure is a
planar figure, a solid or an irregular planar figure. The areas of planar figures, solids
and irregular planar figures are computed based on different formulas.
Planar figures have flat level surfaces. Planar figures include the square,
rectangle, triangle, rhombus and circle. Irregular planar figures, on the other hand, are
made up of planar figures. How about solid figures? A solid figure has thickness and is
thus said to have three dimensions.
The following are the formulas for determining the area of different planar
figures.
Triangle

(b × h)
Area of a triangle =
2

h where:
b is the base of the triangle; and
h is the height of the triangle.

b
Square

Area of a square = s × s = s 2
where:
s s
s stands for the side of a square

16
 Rectangle

Area of a rectangle = l × w
where:
w
l is the length or longer side of the
rectangle; and
w is the width or the shorter side of the
l rectangle.
Rhombus

d1 × d 2
d2 Area of a rhombus =
2
d1
where:
d1 is the first diagonal of the rhombus; and
d2 is the second diagonal of the rhombus.

Circle

r
Area of a circle = πr 2
where:
r stands for the radius of the circle; and
π = 3.14.

Let’s Try This

To understand better how to compute the area of planar figures, let’s try solving
problems using the appropriate formulas.
EXAMPLE 1 Look at the figure below.

s = 600 m

17
 A farmland shaped like the figure above measures 600 m on one side. If the
recommended concentration of fertilizer to be used on the land is 30 kilograms (kg)
per hectare, compute the total amount of fertilizer to be used.
SOLUTION:

After identifying the given facts and what is asked for in the problem, let’s do the
following steps:
STEP 1 Solve for the area of the farmland by using the formula:

Area of a square = s 2
Substituting the given value:

A = (600 m )
2

= 600 2 m 2
= 360000 m 2

STEP 2 Convert 360000 m2 to hectares by identifying the conversion

factor:

1 ha = 10000 m 2
STEP 3 Express the conversion factor as a ratio such that the unit to be
cancelled out is in the denominator.

1 ha
10000 m 2
STEP 4 Multiply 360000 m2 by the conversion factor in ratio form.
36
1 ha
36000 m 2 × = 36 ha
10000 m 2
STEP 5 Compute the amount of fertilizer to be used if the amount needed
is 30 kg per hectare.

30 kg
36 ha × = 1080 kg of fertilizer
1 ha

18
 EXAMPLE 2 Look at the figure below.

w = 1000 m

l = 4000 m

A rice field shaped like the figure above has a length of 4000 m and a width of
1000 m. If the recommended number of seedlings to be planted per hectare is 10000,
what is the number of seedlings needed to plant the whole area?
After identifying the given facts and what is asked for in the problem, let’s do the
following steps:
STEP 1 Compute the area of the rice field by using the formula:

Area of a rectangle = l × w
Substituting the values :
A = 4000 m × 1000 m
= 4000000 m 2

STEP 2 Convert 4000000 m2 to hectares by using the conversion factor:

1 ha = 10000 m2
STEP 3 Express the conversion factor as a ratio such that the unit to be
cancelled out is in the denominator.

1 ha
10000 m 2
STEP 4 Multiply 4000000 m2 by the conversion factor in ratio form.
400
1 ha
4000000 m 2 × = 400 ha
10000 m 2
Therefore, 4000000 m2 = 400 ha
STEP 5 Compute the total number of seedlings needed to plant the whole area
given the ratio:

10000 seedlings
1 ha

10000 seedlings
400 ha × = 4000000 seedlings
1 ha

19
 EXAMPLE 3 A triangular piece of plyboard has a base of 42 inches and a
height of 56 inches. What is its area?
SOLUTION:

After identifying the given facts and what is asked for in the problem, let’s do the
following steps:
STEP 1 Identify the formula for finding the area.

b × h
Area of a triangle =
2
STEP 2 Substituting the values in the formula:

42 in. × 56 in.
A=
2
STEP 3 Compute the area of the triangle. (You may use a calculator if you
have one.)

2.352 in.2
A=
2
= 1176 in.2

EXAMPLE 4 A circular cake has a radius of 6 in. What is its area?

SOLUTION:

After identifying the given facts and what is asked for in the problem, do the
following steps:
STEP 1 Identify the formula for finding the area.

Area of a circle = πr 2
STEP 2 Substituting the values in the formula:

Area of a circle = 3.14 (6 in.)

2

STEP 3 Compute the area of the cake.

(
A = 3.14 36 in.2 )
= 113.04 in.2

20
 Let’s Learn

Surface Area of a Solid

There is a need to know how to compute the surface area of the following solids
so we will know, for instance, the size of gift wrapper needed for a rectangular box or
a cube. If we want to make a cylindrical tin can, we will need to know how many sheets
of tin are needed to make a particular size of tin can.

Rectangular solid

SA = 2[(w × h ) + (h × l ) + (l × w)]
where :
SA is the surface area; Cylinder
h is the height;
w is the width; and SA = 2πr 2 + 2πrh
l is the length. where :
π = 3.14;
r is the radius; and
h is the height.
and where :
2πr 2 is the area of the top and the base; and
2πrh is the area of the body of the cylinder.

cube

SA = 6e 2
where :
6 is the number of faces; and
e is the edge.

21
 Let’s Try This

To further understand how to compute the area of a solid, study the following
examples. Read and study the problems carefully.
EXAMPLE 1 Look at the illustration.
l = 96 in. h = 12 in.

w = 24 in.

A carpenter was asked to build a box with an area of not more

than 7500 in.2. The box he built has a length of 96 in., a height of
12 in. and a width of 24 in. Is the area of the box not more than
7500 in.2?
SOLUTION:

After identifying the given facts and what is asked for in the problem, let’s do the
following steps:
STEP 1 Identify the formula for finding for the surface area of a rectangular
solid.

SA = 2[(w × h ) + (h × l ) + (l × w)]
where: w is the width;
h is the height; and
l is the length.
STEP 2 Substitute the given values :

SA = 2[(24 in. × 12 in.) + (12 in. × 96 in.) + (96 in. × 24 in

STEP 3 Compute the area by performing the indicated operations:

[( ) ( ) (
A = 2 288 in.2 + 1152 in.2 + 2304 in.2 )]
= 2[3744 in. ]2

= 7488 in.2

STEP 4 The box has an area of less than 7500 in.2 because its area is only 7488
in.2.

22
 EXAMPLE 2 A sheet of gift wrapper has an area of 864 in.2. How many sheets
are needed to wrap a square box with an edge of 20 in.?
SOLUTION:

After identifying the given facts and what is asked for in the problem, do the
following steps:
STEP 1 Identify the formula to be used.
Surface area of a cube = 6e2
STEP 2 Substitute the given values in the formula.
SA = 6(20 in.)2
STEP 3 Compute the area:

(
SA = 6 400 in.2 )
= 2400 in.2
STEP 4 Compute how many sheets of gift wrapper are needed to wrap
the square box by multiplying the surface area of the box by the
ratio of 1 sheet of gift wrapper to the area of the wrapper.

1 sheet of gift wrapper

2400 in.2 × = 2.77 or 3 sheets
864 in.2
EXAMPLE 3 A sealed cylindrical water tank in a subdivision is made of
concrete. Its outer radius is 3.2 m and its height is 8 m. If the
tank is painted on the exterior, what is the total surface area to
be painted?
SOLUTION:

After identifying the given facts and what is asked for in the problem, do the
following steps:
STEP 1 Identify the formula to be used.

Surface area of a cylinder = 2πr 2 + 2πrh

STEP 2 Substitute the given values in the formula.

SA = 2(3.14)(3.2 m ) + 2(3.14)(3.2 m )(8 m )

2

STEP 3 Compute the surface area.

( ) (
SA = 2(3.14 ) 10.24 m 2 + 2 8.384 m 2 )
( )
= 2 32.15 m 2 + 160.768 m 2
= 64.3 m 2 + 160.768 m 2
= 225.268 m 2
23
 STEP 4 The total surface area to be painted is 225.3 m2.

Let’s Learn

Area of an Irregular Planar Figure

Do you have an idea how the area of an irregular planar figure is determined? As
we have already discussed earlier, irregular planar figures are made up of planar
figures.
To solve for the area of an irregular planar figure, divide the figure into regular
planar figures (rectangles, squares, rhombuses or triangles). Solve for the area of each
planar figure and add up all the areas to get the area of the irregular planar figure.
To further understand how to compute the area of an irregular planar figure, study
the following example.
EXAMPLE 1 Look at the picture below:
20 m

8m

7m 7m

7m

A farmer wanted to plant camote in his backyard. He needs to

use at least 200 m2 for his garden to gain profit. His backyard is
shaped like the figure above. Will he gain profit if he uses his
backyard as his garden?
SOLUTION:

STEP 1 Divide the irregular planar figure into regular planar figures. The
figure can be divided into two. The first figure, a rectangle, is
named F1 and the second figure, a square, F2.
20 m

8m

7m 7m

7m
24
 STEP 2 Solve for the area of each separate figure. F1 is a rectangle, right? The
formula for finding its area is l × w. Look at F2. It is a square, right? The
formula for finding its area is A = s2.

Area of F1 = l × w
= 20 m × 8 m
= 160 m 2
Area of F2 = s 2
= (7 m )
2

= 49 m 2
STEP 3 Add the areas of the two figures to get the area of the irregular planar
figure.
Area of F1 + Area of F2 = 160 m2 + 49 m2 = 209 m2
STEP 4 The farmer will not gain profit because the total area of his backyard is
only 209 m2.

Let’s Try This

You can solve the problem in the preceding section using another mehtod. Try to
figure out what it is. Do the following steps.
20 m

8m

7m 6m

7m
SOLUTION:

After identifying the given facts and what is asked for in the problem, do the
following steps:
STEP 1 Figure out how you will divide the irregular planar figure so that you
will have 3 regular planar figures, namely F1, F2 and F3.
_______________________________________________

25
STEP 2 What formula will you use to solve for the respective areas of F1, F2
and F3?
_______________________________________________
STEP 3 Solve.

STEP 4 Make your conclusion.

Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on pages 39 and 40.

Let’s See What You Have Learned

A. Identify each of the following figures and write the appropriate formula for
finding its area.
1. Figure: ______________

Formula: ____________

2.
Figure: _______________

Formula: ____________

26
B. Solve the following problems.
1. A square room has an area of 36 m2. A floor tile has a length of 16 in.
and a width of 9 in. How many tiles are needed to cover the floor?

2. Look at the figure below:

What is the surface area of the tank if its radius is 5 ft. and its
height is 20 ft.?

27
 Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on pages 40 and 41. Did
you get a perfect score? If you did, that’s very good. If you did not, that’s okay. Just
review the parts of the lesson you did not understand very well before you proceed to
the next part of the module.

Let’s Remember

♦ In solving for the area of a planar figure, the following formulas are used.

___
b×h
Area of a triangle =
2
where b = base of the triangle; and
h = height of the triangle.
___
Area of a square = s2
where s = side of the square
___
Area of a rectangle = l × w
where l = length of the longer side; and
w = length of the shorter side.

___
d1 × d 2
Area of a rhombus =
2
where d1 = first diagonal of the rhombus; and
d2 = second diagonal of the rhombus.
___
Area of a circle = πr2
where r = radius of the circle; and
π = 3.14.
♦ When solving for the surface area of a solid, use the following formulas.
___
Surface area of a rectangular solid = 2[(w × h) + (h × l ) + (l × w)]
where w = width;
h = height; and
l = length.

28
 ___
Surface area of a cylinder = 2πr2 + 2πrh
where π = 3.14
r = radius; and
h = height.
___
Surface area of a cube = 6e2
where e = edge of the cube
♦ In solving for the area of an irregular planar figure, divide the figure into
regular planar figures such as rectangles, squares or triangles. Solve for
the area of each regular planar figure and add all the areas to get the
total area of the irregular planar figure.
You have now reached the end of the module. Congratulations! Did you enjoy
studying this module? Did you learn a lot from it? The following is a summary of its
main points to help you remember them better.

Let’s Sum Up

♦ Area is the number of square units equal to the measure of a surface.

♦ The standard unit of area in the metric system is the square meter.

♦ The following formulas are used in finding the area of planar figures.

___
b×h
Area of a triangle =
2
where b = base of the triangle; and
h = height of the triangle.
___
Area of a square = s2
where s = side of the square
___
Area of a rectangle = l ×w
where l = length of the longer side; and
w = length of the shorter side.

29
 ___
d1 × d 2
Area of a rhombus =
2
where d1 = first diagonal of the rhombus; and
d2 = second diagonal of the rhombus.
___
Area of a circle = πr2
where r = radius of the circle; and
π = 3.14
♦ When solving for the surface area of a solid, use the following formulas.

___
Surface area of a rectangular solid = 2[(w × h) + (h × l) + (l × w)]
where w = width;
h = height; and
l = length.
___
Surface area of a cylinder = 2πr2 + 2πrh
where π = 3.14;
r = radius; and
h = height.
___
Surface area of a cube = 6 e2
where e = edge of the cube
♦ In solving for the area of an irregular planar figure, divide the figure into
regular planar figures. Get the area of each planar figure and add the areas to
get the area of the irregular figure.

30
 What Have You Learned?

A. Match each item in Column A with the appropriate unit(s) of area in Column
B.
A B
____ 1. book a. mm2
____ 2. floor area of a house b. ft.2
____ 3. region c. ha
____ 4. paper d. cm2
____ 5. country e. m2
f. km2
g. in.2
h. dm2
B. Identify each of the following figures and write the appropriate formula for
finding its area.
1.
Figure: _________________

Formula: _______________

2.
Figure: _________________

Formula:______________

C. Solve the following problems.

1. A bathroom measures 2.5 m by 1.8 m. How many tiles are needed for
the bathroom floor if each of the tiles to be used has an area of 1 dm2?

31
 2. Look at the figure below.

A man works for a company that makes objects out of clay. He was
asked by his employer to make a clay box like the figure above. His
employer said that the object should have an area of 6 ft.2. What should
be the measurement of each side of the figure?

Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on pages 41 to 43. If you
got a score of:
0–5 You should study the whole module again.
6–8 Good! Just review the parts of the module you did not understand very
well.
9–10 Very good! You are now ready for the next module.

32
 Answer Key

A. Let’s See What You Already Know (pages 2–4 )

A. 1. shoe box
Possible answers are a, d, g and h because of the small size of
the object.

2. small tract of land

Possible answers are b and e. Land area is usually measured in
square feet and square meters for small tracts of land.

3. beach

Possible answers are c and f because the areas of larger tracts

of land are measured in larger units such as hectares and square
kilometers.
4. small floor tile
Possible answers are a, d, g and h. Because of the small size
of the object, its area can be measured in square millimeters,
square centimeters, square inches and square decimeters.
5. bus
Possible answers are b and e. The area of large vehicles
like buses is measured in square feet and square meters.
6. province
The possible answers are c and f. Provinces tend to be large
thus their area is measured in hectares and square kilometers.
B. 1. Figure: square
Formula: A = s2

2. Figure: triangle
(b × h)
Formula: A=
h 2

33
C. 1. After identifying the given facts and what is asked for in the
problem, do the following steps:
STEP 1 Convert 555 m2 to square feet by:
1 m2 = 9 ft.2
STEP 2 Express the conversion factor as a ratio where the unit of
measure to be cancelled out is the denominator.

9 ft.
1 m2
STEP 3 Multiply 555 m2 by the conversion factor in ratio form:

9 ft.2
555 m × 2
2
= 4995 ft.2
1m
Multiply the total land area by the amount of tax to be
paid per square foot.
=2
P
4995 ft.2 × =P
= 9990
1 ft.2

STEP 4 The amount of real estate tax the businessman has to pay
is =
P9990.00.

34
2. After identifying the given facts and what is asked for in the
problem, do the following steps:
STEP 1 Divide the irregular planar figure into regular planar
figures. The figure can be divided into two
rectangles. The first rectangle is named F1 and the
second rectangle, F2.

10 m

20 m F1

5m
F2 25 m

6m

STEP 2 Solve for the area of each regular figure. F1 and F2 are
both rectangles, so their area can be computed by
multiplying the length by the width.
Area of F1 = 20 m × 5 m
= 100 m2
Area of F2 = 25 m × 6 m
= 150 m2
STEP 3 Add the areas of the two figures to get the area of the
irregular planar figure.
Area of F1 + Area of F2 = 100 m2 + 150 m2
= 250 m2
STEP 4 The businessman’s fishpond will be profitable because its
area measures more than 200 m2.

35
B. Lesson 1
Let’s Think About This (page 7)
1. Area is the number of square units equal in measure to a surface.
2. Answers will vary. The following is a sample answer.
If we say the area of a rice field is 1400 square meters it means that it
would take 1400 squares, each measuring 1 meter on a side, to cover
the whole surface of the rice field.
Let’s Try This (pages 10–11)
PROBLEM 1 SOLUTION:

After identifying the given facts and what is asked for in the
problem, do the following steps:
STEP 1 Identify the conversion factor to be used.

1 in.2 = 6.4516 cm 2
STEP 2 Express the conversion factor as a ratio.

6.4516 cm 2
1 in.2
STEP 3 Convert the area of each bathroom tile to square centimeters.

6.4516 cm 2
48 in.2 × 2
= 309.6768 cm 2
1 in.

Compute how many tiles are needed to cover the bathroom

floor.
1 tile
3096768 cm 2 × = 1000 tiles
309.6768 cm 2

STEP 4 It will take 1000 tiles to cover the bathroom floor.

36
 PROBLEM 2 SOLUTION:

After identifying the given facts and what is asked for in the
problem, do the following steps:
STEP 1 Identify the conversion factor to be used.

1 m 2 = 9 ft.2
STEP 2 Express the conversion factor as a ratio.

1 m2
9 ft.2
STEP 3 Convert the unit of measurement.

1 m2
450 ft. ×
2
2
= 50 m2
9 ft.
STEP 4 Yes, the businessman can start his bakery because the store
space available is more than 45 m2.
Let’s See What You Have Learned (pages 11–12)
A. 1. lighter
Possible answers are a, d, g and h. A lighter is very small
hence its area is measured in square millimeters, square
centimeters, square inches and square decimeters.
2. television set
Possible answers are b and e. A television needs to be
measured in larger units, hence the appropriate units of area
are square feet and square inches.
3. beach resort
Possible answers are c and f. A beach resort has a large ara,
which is best measured in hectares and square kilometers.
4. matchbox
Possible answers are a, d and g. A matchbox is small and its
area can be measured in square millimeters, square centimeters and
square inches.

37
 5. food tray
Possible answers are a, d, g and h. The area of a tray can be
measured in square millimeters, square centimeters, square inches
and square diameters.
6. farmland
Possible answers are c and f. The area of a farmland is
expected to be large and is thus measured in hectares and square
kilometers.
B. 1. SOLUTION :

STEP 1 Identify the conversion factor to be used.

1 ha = 10000 m 2
STEP 2 Express the conversion factor as a ratio.

1 ha
10000 m 2
STEP 3 Convert the unit of measurement.

1 ha
40000 m 2 × = 4 ha
10000 m 2
Compute the share of each of the four brohters if the
land is divided equally among them.

4 hectares 1 ha
=
4 brothers 1 brothers
STEP 4 The businessman cannot start his business. He needs at
least 3 ha of land but his share of the land is only 1 ha.
2. SOLUTION:

STEP 1 Identify the conversion factor to be used.

1 m 2 = 9 ft.2
STEP 2 Express the conversion factor as a ratio.

9 ft.2
1 m2

38
 STEP 3 To get the total area needed to make curtains for all
the windows, multiply the area of each window by the
number of windows. Compute the total area of the 5
windows.

18 ft.2 × 5 = 90 ft.2
Convert the unit of measurement from square meters to
square feet.

9 ft.2
10 m 2 × 2
= 90 ft.2
1m
Compare the total area of the 5 windows and the
area of the material for the curtains.

90 ft.2 = 90 ft.2
STEP 4 The material for the curtains of the 5 windows is not
enough. There should be allowance for pleats.

C. Lesson 2
Let’s Think About This (page 16)
1. The land is square with each side measuring 9 meters long. The area of a
square is computed by getting the square of its side. Therefore, the area
of the lot = (9 m)2 = 81 m2.
Let’s Try This (pages 25–26)
STEP 1 Divide the irregular planar figure into three rectangles. The first
figure is named F1, the second figure, F2; and the third figure, F3.
20 m

8m

7m 6m

7m

STEP 2 Since all the 3 figures are rectangles, the formula to be used is:

A=l×w

39
 Solve for the area by substituting the given values in the formula:

A of F1 = 8 m × 7 m = 56 m 2
A of F2 = 15 m × 7 m = 105 m 2
A of F3 = 6 m × 8 m = 48 m 2

STEP 3 Add the areas of the 3 figures to get the total area of the
irregular planar figure:

Total area = A of F1 + A of F2 + A of F3
= 56 m 2 + 105 m 2 + 48 m 2
= 209 m 2

STEP 4 The total area of the irregular planar figure is 209 m2.
Let’s See What You Have Learned (pages 26 –27)
A. 1.
Figure : rectangle

Formula: A=l×w

2.
Figure: rectangular solid

Formula:

A = 2 [(w × h) + (h × l) + (l × w)]

B. 1. STEP 1 Compute the area of each floor tile by using the formula:

Area of a rectangle = l × w

A = 16 in. × 9 in. = 144 in.2

STEP 2 First, convert 36 m2 to square feet because there’s no
direct conversion from square meters to square inches.
Use the conversion factor:
9 ft 2
1 m2
Thus we have:

9 ft.2
36 m 2 × 2
= 324 ft.2
1m
Therefore, 36 m2 = 324 ft.2

40
 STEP 3 Convert 324 ft.2 to square inches using the conversion
factor
1 ft.2 = 144 in.2 expressed as a ratio:

144 in.2
1 ft.2
Thus we have:

144 in.2
324 ft. ×
2
2
= 46656 in.2
1 ft.

The total area of the room to be covered with tiles is

46656 in.2.
STEP 4 To get the number of floor tiles needed to cover the floor
of the room, multiply the area of the room (46656 in.2)
by the ratio of one floor tile to its area (144 in.2).

1 floor tile
46,656 in 2 × = 324 floor tiles
144 in 2
STEP 5 324 tiles are needed to cover the floor.
2. STEP 1 Compute the surface area of the cylinder by using the
formula:
SA = 2πr2 + 2πrh
STEP 2 Substitute the given values in the formula:

SA = 2 × 3.14 × (5 ft) 2 + (2 × 3.14 × 5 ft. × 20 ft.)

= 2 × 3.14 × 25 ft.2 + 628 ft.2
= 157 ft. 2 + 628 ft.2
= 785 ft.2

D. What Have You Learned? (pages 31–32)

A. 1. book
Possible answers are a, d, g and h. The area of a book is best
measured in square millimeters, square centimeters, square inches
and square decimeters.

2. floor area of a house

Possible answers are b and e. The floor area of a house is usually
measured in square feet and square meters.

41
 3. region
Possible answers are c and f. A region has a large area and that is
best measured in hectares and square kilometers.

4. paper

Possible answers are a, d, g and h. Paper has a small area that is

usually measured in square millimeters, square centimeters, square
inches and a square decimeters.
5. country
Possible answers are c and f. The area of a country is very large and
is thus measured in hectares and square kilometers.
B. 1.
Figure: rhombus

d1 × d 2
Formula: A=
2
2.
Figure : cube

Formula: A = e2

C. STEP 1 Since the bathroom is a rectangle, you will use the formula for
finding the area of rectangle:

A =l×w
STEP 2 Substitute the given values in the formula and compute.

A = 2.5 m × 1.8 m
= 4.5 m2
STEP 3 Convert the unit of measurement.
Identify the conversion factor.

1 m 2 = 100 dm 2

42
 Express the conversion factor as a ratio in such a way that the
unit of measure to be cancelled out is in the denominator.
100 dm 2
1 m2

100 dm 2
2
Multiply 4.5 m by .
1 m2

100 dm 2
4.5 m 2 × 2
= 450 dm 2
1m
STEP 4 Compute the total number of tiles needed to cover the
bathroom floor.

1 tile
450 dm 2 × = 450 tiles
1 dm 2
STEP 5 450 tiles are needed to cover the bathroom floor.
2. STEP 1 Compute the unknown measurement of the side of the cube by
using the formula:
SA = 6e2
STEP 2 Substitute the given values in the formula.
6 ft.2 = 6e2
STEP 3 Divide both sides of the equation by 6.

6 ft.2 6e 2
=
6 6
e = 1 ft.2
2

e 2 = 1 ft.2
e = 1 ft.

STEP 4 Each side of the cube measures 1 ft.

43
 References

Boyd, Caroline. (2001) Learning by Logic: Total Surface Area. <www.iit.edu/

~smile/ma8802.html.> June 30,2001, date accessed.
Manura, David. (1995–2001) Math 2. Org. <www.sisweb.com/math/
geometry/areasvols.htm.> June 30, 2001, date accessed.

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