Sec 4 Prelim AM P2

1 Given that
ξ = { students in Secondary 4M }
A = { students who skip breakfast }
B = { students who are over 160 cm tall }
C = { students who are very slim }

Express in words each of the following

(i) B∩C≠ φ [1]
(ii) C ⊂ A΄ [1]

Given also n( ξ ) = 38, n(A) = 25 and n(C) = 19.

(iii) Find the smallest possible value of n (A ∩ C ) [2]
(iv) Find the largest possible value of n (A ∪ C)΄ [2]
Q1 Solution
(i) There are students who are over 160 cm tall and are very slim.
(ii) All students who are very slim do not skip breakfast.

(iii) 25 – x + x + 19 – x = 38
x=6 A C
The smallest possible value of n (A ∩ C ) = 6
25–x x 19–x

(iv) The largest possible value of n (A ∪ C)’ = 13

A C
19 6
13

2 The line x + 3 y − 2 = 0 meets the curve x 2 − 2 xy + y 2 = 36 at the points P and

Q. Find the distance PQ. [7]

Q2 Solution
x2 – 2xy + y2 = 36
( x – y )2 = 36
x–y=6 or x – y = –6
x + 3y = 2 x + 3y = 2
4y = – 4 or 4y = 8
y=–1 or y=2
x=5 or x=–4
we have ( 5, –1 ) and ( – 4, 2 )
PQ = (5 + 4 ) + (− 1 − 2 )
2 2

= 9.486 ≈ 9.49 units

Sec 4 Prelim AM P2
3 Solve the equation 2 x 3 − 13 x 2 + 3x + 18 = 0 [5]

Q3 Solution

Let f ( x) = 2 x 3 − 13 x 2 + 3 x + 18
Let x = −1
f (−1) = 2(−1) 3 − 13(−1) 2 + 3(−1) + 18
= −2 − 13 − 3 + 18 = 0
( x + 1) is a factor.

2 x 2 − 15 x + 18
( x + 1) 2 x 3 − 13x 2 + 3 x + 18
− (2x 3 + 2 x 2 )
− 15 x 2 + 3 x
− (−15 x 2 − 15 x)
+ 18 x + 18
− (18 x + 18)
0

f ( x) = ( x + 1)(2 x 2 − 15 x + 18)
= ( x + 1)(2 x − 3)( x − 6)
2 x 3 − 13 x 2 + 3 x + 18 = 0
( x + 1)(2 x − 3)( x − 6) = 0
3
x = −1, x = , x = 6
2

4 (a) Two functions f and g are defined, for x ∈ ℜ , by

f : x 6 3 − 2x
1− x
g:x6 ,x ≠ 0
x
(i) Express f −1 ( x) and fg ( x ) in terms of x. [3]
−1
(ii) Explain whether g exists. [1]
(iii) Evaluate gf(2). [2]
(b) Given that k ( x ) = x − 1 and hk ( x ) = 3 x 2 − 6 x + 11 , find h(x). [2]
Sec 4 Prelim AM P2
Q4 Solution
(a)(i)
Let f −1 ( x) = y
f ( y) = x
3 − 2y = x
3 − x = 2y
3− x
y=
2
3− x
∴ f −1 ( x) =
2

1− x
fg ( x) = f ( )
x
⎛1− x ⎞
= 3 − 2⎜ ⎟
⎝ x ⎠
3x − 2 + 2 x
=
x
5x − 2
= ,x≠0
x
(ii)
1
g ( x) = −1
x
g −1 ( x) exists since Alternative method to 4(b):
g ( x) is a 1 - 1 function.
Subst inverse
k( x ) = x − 1
(iii)
Let k −1 ( y ) = x
gf (2) = g (3 − 4) k( x ) = y
= g (−1) x −1 = y
1 − (−1) x = y +1
=
−1 ∴ k −1 ( x ) = x + 1
= −2
h( x ) = hkk −1 ( x )
(b)
h( x − 1 ) = 3 x 2 − 6 x + 11 = 3( x + 1 )2 − 6( x + 1 ) + 11
= 3( x − 1 ) 2 + 8 = 3x 2 + 8
h( x ) = 3x 2 + 8
Sec 4 Prelim AM P2
5 −1
5(a) Given sin18° = , find the value of sin 2 18° .
4
10 + 2 5
Hence show that cos18° = . [4]
4
5(b) The function f is defined, for 0 ≤ x ≤ π, by f (x) = 4 + 3 cos 2x.
(i) State the amplitude and the period of f. [2]
(ii) Sketch the graph y = f (x). [2]

Q5 Solution
2
2 ⎛ 5 − 1⎞
(a) sin 18° = ⎜⎜ ⎟
⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠
5 − 2 5 +1 6 − 2 5 3 − 5
= = =
16 16 8
cos 2 18° = 1 − sin 2 18o
3− 5 5+ 5
= 1− =
8 8
5+ 5 10 + 2 5 10 + 2 5
cos 18° = = =
8 16 4

(b) (i) amplitude = 3

period = π

(ii)
y

π/ 2 π
Sec 4 Prelim AM P2
6 (a) In the expansion of (1 + 2x)n, the coefficient of x4 is 6 times the coefficient of
x3. Evaluate n. [3]
8
(b) Obtain the first 4 terms in the expression of (1 + k) in ascending powers of k.
Hence, find the term in k3 in the expansion of (1 + 2k – k2)8. [5]

Q6 Solution
(a) n
C 4 ( 2 ) 4 = 6 × n C 3 ( 2 )3
n( n − 1 )( n − 2 )( n − 3 ) n( n − 1 )( n − 2 )
= 3×
1× 2 × 3 × 4 1× 2 × 3
n − 3 = 12
n = 15

(b) (1 + k ) 8 = 1 + 8k + 28k 2 + 56k 3 + ............

(1 + 2k − k 2 ) 8
= 1 + 8(2k − k 2 ) + 28(2k − k 2 ) 2 + 56(2k − k 2 ) 3 + ............
Term in k3 = 28[(2)(2k)(–k2)] + 56[(2k)3]
= – 112 k3 +448 k3
= 336 k3
dy
7 Given that y = 2 sin x + cos x , find .
dx
π π
Find the approximate percentage change in y when x decreases from to . [5]
4 5
Q7 Solution
y = 2 sin x + cos x
dy
= 2 cos x − sin x
dx
δy
× 100%
y
dy
× δx
≈ dx × 100%
y
π π π π
(2 cos − sin )( − )
= 4 4 5 4 × 100%
π π
(2 sin + cos )
4 4
2 2 π
( 2( ) − )(− )
2 2 20 × 100% (0.7071)(−0.1570)
= or = × 100%
2 2 2.1213
( 2( ) + )
2 2
5π
=− %
3
= −5.235% = − 5.233%
≈ −5.24% ≈ −5.23%
Sec 4 Prelim AM P2
d ⎡ x ⎤ 2+ x
Show that = .
dx ⎢⎣ 1 + x ⎥⎦
8 3
2(1 + x) 2

8 2+ x
Hence, evaluate ∫ 3 3
dx [5]
(1 + x ) 2

Q8 Solution
1 1
1 −
(1 + x) 2 (1) − ( x)( )(1 + x) 2
d ⎡ x ⎤ 2
⎢ ⎥ =
dx ⎣ 1 + x ⎦ ( 1 + x )2
1
1 −
(1 + x) 2 [2(1 + x) − x]
= 2
(1 + x)
2+ x
= 3
2(1 + x) 2

8 2+ x 8 2+ x
∫3 3
dx = 2 ∫ 3 3
dx
(1 + x ) 2
2( 1 + x ) 2

8
⎡ x ⎤
=2 ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 1+ x ⎦3
⎡8 3 ⎤
=2 ⎢ − ⎥
⎣3 2 ⎦
7
= 2×
6
7 1
= or 2
3 3
Sec 4 Prelim AM P2
dy 1 7
9 A curve, for which = e 2 x −1 , passes through the point A( , ). Find
dx 2 2
(i) the equation of the normal at A. [3]
(ii) the equation of the curve. [2]

Q9 Solution

1
1 7 dy 2 ( ) −1
(i) At A( , ), = e 2 =1
2 2 dx

Equation of the normal:

7 1
y − = −1 × ( x − )
2 2
y = −x + 4

(ii) dy
= e 2 x −1
dx
1
y = e 2 x −1 + C
2
1 7
Sub A( , ) into the equation
2 2

1
y = e 2 x −1 + C
2
1
7 1 2( 2 ) −1
= e +C
2 2
C =3
1
∴ y = e 2 x −1 + 3
2
Sec 4 Prelim AM P2
10 A cruise liner, whose speed in still water is 20 kmh-1, sails from a harbor to an
island 86 km due east of the harbor. Due to a current against the cruise liner,
it has to head in a direction with bearing 070º. Given that the entire trip
takes 5 hours,

(i) show that the speed of the current is approximately 7.0 kmh-1, [4]
(ii) find the bearing of the direction of the current. [3]

Q10 Solution

(i) distance travelled in still water = 5 × 20 = 100km

dist = 100 2 + 86 2 − 2(100)(86) cos 20°
Vship/c
=35.11 ≈ 35.1km o
70 Vc
Speed = 35.1/5 = 7.02kmh-1 ≈ 7.0 kmh-1

⎛ 35.112 + 100 2 − 86 2 ⎞ Vship

(ii) cos −1 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ =56.88º fig
⎝ 2(35.11)(100) ⎠
Bearing = 70º – 56.88º + 180º = 193.12º ≈ 193.1º
Sec 4 Prelim AM P2
11

The diagram above shows a circle of centre O and radius r units. B is a point on
the circumference that lies on the line OC and AC is a tangent to the circle at A.
(i) Given that AC = 3r units, find ∠AOB in radian form. [1]

(ii) Show that the shaded area, in terms of r, is approximately 0.342r2 units2.
[2]
(iii) Show that the perimeter of the shaded figure, in terms of r, is
approximately 3.78r units. [3]

Q11 Solution
⎛ 3r ⎞ π
(i) ∠AOB = tan −1 ⎜⎜ ⎟ = tan −1 3 =
⎟
⎝ r ⎠ 3
(ii) Shaded region
1 1 ⎛π ⎞ r2
= r ( 3r ) − r 2 ⎜ ⎟ = (3 3 − π )
2 2 ⎝3⎠ 6
= 0.3424r 2 ≈ 0.342r 2
(iii)
∩ π πr
AB = r × =
3 3
AC = r 3
OC = r 12 + 3 = 2r
BC = 2r − r = r
⎛ π⎞
Perimeter = r ⎜1 + 3 + ⎟ = 3.779r ≈ 3.78r
⎝ 3⎠
Sec 4 Prelim AM P2
12 Either

Solutions to this question by accurate drawing will not be accepted.

y

45o
x
O M N
(2, 0)

The diagram shows an isosceles triangle ABC where AC = CB.

Given that M(2, 0) is the mid-point of AB and N is a point on the line BC where
∠CMN = 45 o .

(i) Calculate the gradient of line MC [1]

(ii) Find the equation of line AB [2]
(iii) State the coordinates of A [1]
(iv) Find the coordinates of B [1]
(v) Calculate the length of AB, in surd form. [1]

Given that the area of the triangle ABC is 20 units2 and the x-coordinate of the
point C is p,
(vi) state the y-coordinate of C in terms of p, and [1]
(vii) find p. [3]
Sec 4 Prelim AM P2
Q12 Either Solution
(i) the gradient of line MC = tan 45o = 1

(ii) the gradient of line AB = – 1

the equation of line AB: y – 0 = – 1 (x – 2)
y=–x+2

(iii) A (0, 2)

(iv) mid – point of AB = point M

⎛ xB + 0 y B + 2 ⎞
⎜ , ⎟ = (2, 0 )
⎝ 2 2 ⎠
⇒ xB = 4 & y B = −2 B(4, -2)

(v) AB = (4 − 0) 2 + (−2 − 2) 2
= 32
= 4 2 units

(vi) the y-coordinate of C = p – 2

(vii) Given that the area of the triangle ABC is 20 sq. units
1
× ( 32 ) × ( ( p − 2 )2 + (( p − 2 ) − 0 ) 2 ) = 20
2
2 × 20
2( p − 2 )2 =
32
( p − 2 ) 2 = 25
p =±5+ 2
p = −3(rej) or p = 7
Sec 4 Prelim AM P2
12 OR
(a) Relative to an origin O, the position vectors of the points A, B and C are 4i + 2j,
2i – 3j and 5ki + 2kj respectively.
(i) Find the magnitude of AB . [2]
(ii) Find the unit vector in the direction of AB , giving your answer in column
vector form. [1]
(iii) Given that the points A, B and C are collinear, find the value of k. [4]

(b) The vertices P, Q, R and S are the vertices of a parallelogram. The position
vectors of P, Q and S, relative to an origin O, are (–3i + j) , (– i + 6j) and (3i – 4j)
respectively.
By the vector method, find the position vector of R. [3]

Q12 Or Solution
→ → → ⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛ 4⎞ ⎛ − 2⎞
AB = OB − OA = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ − ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
(a)(i) ⎝ − 3⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ − 5 ⎠
→
AB = 4 + 25 = 29 = 5.385 ≈ 5.39units

→ 1 ⎛2⎞
(ii) Unit vector of AB = − ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
29 ⎝ 5 ⎠
→ →
AB = m AC
⎛ − 2⎞ → →
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = m(OC − OA)
⎝ − 5⎠
⎛ 5k ⎞ ⎛ 4⎞
= m⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ − m⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ 2k ⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
⎛ 5k − 4 ⎞
(iii) = m⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ 2k − 2 ⎠
− 2 5k − 4
=
− 5 2k − 2
4 − 4k = 20 − 25k
21k = 16
16
k=
21

→ → → ⎛ − 1⎞ ⎛ − 3 ⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞
PQ = OQ − OP = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ − ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ 6 ⎠ ⎝ 1 ⎠ ⎝5⎠
→ → → → →
(b) OR = OS + SR = OS + PQ
⎛ 3 ⎞ ⎛ 2⎞ ⎛5⎞
= ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ − 4 ⎠ ⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝1⎠