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Full bridge converter

This is a highly flexible converter. Its main application area is in dc motor control, i.e., to obtain
adjustable dc output. This can be used to obtain four quadrant output. This is an advantage when
it comes to dc motor loads.

Power circuit

There are two modes of control.


i. Bipolar control
ii. Unipolar control
Bipolar control
In this mode, we operate T1 & T2, and T3 & T4 alternatively.

D – Duty factor for devices T1 & T2


Vd DTs  Vd 1  D  Ts
 vo avg 
Ts
Vo   2 D  1Vd
Vo
  2D  1
Vd

Assuming loss free conversion


Vo I o  Vd I d
I o Vd

I d Vo
Io 1

Id 2D  1
Duty factor D is adjustable in the range of 0 to 1, i.e., average output voltage Vo is adjustable
between –Vd to +Vd.
The device that carries current in a given half of a ‘leg’ is determined by the direction of
current io .
Eg:
Under light load conditions where Io is very small, the device in conduction can be marked in the
load current waveform, as shown below.

Ripple voltage in vo can be estimated

vripple,rms  vo2,rms  vo2,avg


vo2,rms  Vd2
vo2,avg   2 D  1 Vd2
2

vripple,rms  Vd2   2 D  1 Vd2


2

  4 D  4 D V
2
d
2

 2Vd 1  D  D
Unipolar control
In this mode too, we operate leg 1 and leg 2 separately. Leg 1 is operated with duty factor
D and leg 2 with duty factor (1-D) concurrently.
 1 
2 Vd .  2 D  1 Ts 
 vo avg   
2
Ts
Vo   2 D  1Vd
Vo
 2D 1
Vd
Assuming loss free conversion
Io 1

Id 2D 1
Control signal for leg 1 and leg 2 are derived using a triangular carrier and a control
waveform.
The output voltage is related directly to the value of control voltage vC in both modes of
control.
(i) Unipolar mode
T
DTs  s (Vr  VC1 )
2Vr
1 V 
 D   1  C1 
2 Vr 
Vo
 2D 1
Vd
1 V 
 2. 1  C1   1
2 Vr 
Vo VC1

Vd Vr
V 
Vo   d  VC1
 Vr 
Vd
Vo  kVC1 where k 
Vr
 Output voltage Vo is controlled directly by the control voltage.

(ii) Bipolar mode


In this case too
1 V 
D  1  C 
2  Vr 
Vo
 2D 1
Vd
1 V 
 2. 1  C   1
2  Vr 
Vo VC

Vd Vr
V 
Vo   d  VC
 Vr 
Vd
Vo  kVC where k 
Vr

vripple,rms  vo2,rms  vo2,avg


 vo avg   2 D  1Vd
1
2Vd2 .  2 D  1 Ts
 vo rms  2  Vd 2 D  1
Ts

 2 D  1Vd2  Vd2  2 D  1
2
vripple,rms 
1/2
vripple,rms  Vd 6 D  4 D 2  2 

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