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Instruction Manual

Manual No. 012-08272B

Charge/Discharge
Circuit Board
Model No. EM-8678
Charge/Discharge Circuit Board Model No. EM-8678

Table of Contents

Equipment List........................................................... 3

Introduction ............................................................. 4
Board Components.........................................................................................................................4

Equipment Setup ........................................................ 5


Inserting/Replacing the Batteries ...................................................................................................5
Inserting/Replacing Light Bulbs ....................................................................................................5
Using the Double-Throw Switch ...................................................................................................6
Connecting External Devices to the Circuit Board ........................................................................6

Suggested Applications ................................................. 7

Appendix A: Specifications............................................. 8

Appendix B: Circuit Diagram (Schematic) ............................. 8


Setup for Demonstrating Ohm’s Law ............................................................................................8

Appendix C: Technical Support ........................................ 9

Appendix D: Copyright and Warranty Information ................... 9

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Model No. EM-8678 Charge/Discharge

Charge/Discharge
Circuit
Model No. EM-8678

Equipment List

Included Equipment Replacement


Model Number*
1. Charge Discharge Circuit Board (1) EM-8679

2. Light Bulbs, #14 GE mini-screw (3) 526-033

*Use Replacement Model Numbers to expedite replacement orders.

Additional Equipment Recommended (for experiments

Batteries, Nickel-Cadmium, rechargeable AA or AAA 540-049 (AAA)

Batteries, alkaline, AA or AAA 540-030 (AA)

PS-2100 or PS-2001 or
Any PASCO computer interface (PASPORT™ or ScienceWorkshop® PS-2000 or CI-6400 or
interface) CI-6450 or CI7599
Various
DataStudio® Software
(See PASCO catalog)
Banana patch cords SE-7123 (8/pack)

Light Bulbs, GE #14 mini-screw EM-8627 (25/pack) or


526-033 (3/pack)
Voltage/Current Sensor PS-2115

Power Supply (Low Voltage) Various


(See PASCO catalog)

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Charge/Discharge Model No. EM-8678

Introduction

The Charge/Discharge Circuit (EM-8678) can be used for the study of


Ohm’s Law, battery discharge rates, or for various other experiments in
electronics. The Charge/Discharge Circuit is included in the ET-8774
(Energy Transfer-Battery apparatus) to study battery and capacitor
charge/discharge rates for energy transfer studies.
Mounted to the circuit board are three types of resistors (10, 33, and
100 ohm), a double-throw switch, three light bulb holders, and a 1.0 F
capacitor. The board also includes 15 connectors for attaching leads
and cables and one empty slot for connecting any other devices.
The circuit board contains enclosures for two AA or AAA batteries,
which would provide the main power supply to the circuit. The
resistors and light bulbs connect to a common ground (negative
terminal) through the copper conductive electrical pathway on the
lower half of the board.

capacitor (1.0 F) batteries (not included)

double-throw
connector switch

charge
position

bulb
holder
discharge
position

empty common ground


resistors slot
Figure 1: Components on the EM-8678 Charge/Discharge
Circuit Board

Auxiliary power supplies, sensors, and other external devices can also
be connected. A set of short banana patch cords are recommended for
making connections between or into other leads. A Voltage/Current
Sensor can be connected to measure voltage and current in the circuit
and discharge rates from the battery or capacitor.
Using the Circuit Board with a sensor, such as the Voltage/Current
Sensor, requires a computer interface and DataStudio.

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Model No. EM-8678 Charge/Discharge

Equipment Setup

For experiments, you will need a set of negative and positive leads, a
Voltage/Current Sensor, and three #14 GE light bulbs. A typical
experiment setup option is shown in Appendix B.

Inserting/Replacing the Batteries


When inserting the batteries,
follow the orientation on the
black casing (See Figure 2). A
set of either rechargeable or + +
alkaline batteries can be ordered Figure 2: Inserting batteries
from PASCO. into the battery holders
CAUTION: For charge/
discharge studies (such as with the ET-8774), “size AA” or “AAA”
rechargeable batteries, such as nickel-cadmium or nickel-metal-
hydride batteries are required. For Ohm’s law studies, non-
rechargeable or alkaline batteries can be used.
Note: For charge/discharge experiments, charge the batteries after
putting them in the holder. The middle battery connector can serve as a
receptacle for either a positive or a negative lead, allowing one to
measure the voltage of either the left or right battery. To measure the
combined voltage of both batteries, connect the positive lead to the
positive (+) battery terminal and the negative lead to the negative (-)
battery terminal on the board, and take a reading in DataStudio.

Inserting/Replacing the Light Bulbs


A set of three 3-volt light bulbs comes with the Charge/Discharge
Circuit Board. To remove a burnt out bulb, turn the bulb
counterclockwise and lift out. To replace a bulb, insert the bulb into
one of the plastic slots (slot A, B, or C) and turn the bulb clockwise
until it fits tightly into the slot. For the bulb to light, the bulb tip must
maintain contact with the metal piece in the slot.
CAUTION: To avoid overloading the circuit, do not use bulbs greater
than a 3 volt capacity.

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Charge/Discharge Model No. EM-8678

Using the Double-Throw Switch


The double-throw switch is used to control the path of the electrical
current through the light bulbs. When the switch lever is in the
“Charge Position,” energy from the power supply is transferred to the
batteries, and the batteries are charged. When the switch lever is in the
“Discharge” position, energy from the batteries is transferred through
connections and the embedded circuit to light any connected bulb(s) or
resistors. As the energy dissipates, the bulb dims out. For the Ohm’s
Law circuit, charging the battery charges the capacitor; discharging the
capacitor discharges energy to the resistor or lights connected.

Connecting External Devices to the Circuit Board


WARNING: To avoid the
The Charge/Discharge
risk of shock, do not get
Circuit was designed to the circuit board or any
be used with PASCO of its components wet or
sensors, meters, and place the board near or
external power supplies. in water. Follow
Connecting an external standard electrical safety
device requires a set of precautions in the
banana patch cords (i.e. classroom. The Charge/
at least one positive and Discharge Circuit has
one negative banana conductive properties
patch cord). Figure 3: Power Supply and Current/ and should be treated like
Voltage Sensor connected to the any other conductor.
The board has three Charge/Discharge Circuit Board
positive, three negative,
and nine neutral
(unlabeled) connection screws. The connectors with the (+) label are
for inserting positive leads and the connectors with the (-) label are for
inserting negative leads. The neutral connection screws are for
connecting either positive or negative leads, depending on your setup.

a) To connect an external power supply to the Charge/Discharge


Circuit:
a) Insert the plug from the positive terminal on the power supply to the
positive “Power(+)” connector on the circuit board.
b) Insert the plug from the negative terminal on the power supply into
the negative “Power(-)” connector on the circuit board.
CAUTION: When using an external power supply, do not exceed a
voltage of 3 volts to charge the bulbs or 5 volts to charge the capacitor.

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Model No. EM-8678 Charge/Discharge

Avoid overcharging the batteries. When charging the batteries, apply 3


to 4 volts for no more than a few minutes. Always monitor the current
and never charge the batteries at more than 1 ampere.
Also, always connect the positive lead on the external power supply to
a positive (+) connector and the negative lead to a designated negative
(-) connector on the circuit board. Reversing positive and negative
lead connections from an external power source may permanently
damage the batteries and the capacitor.
WARNING: To avoid shock, never place water or a wet hand
in the path of the circuit. Always connect the power supply to
an electrical ground.

b) To connect a PS-2115 Voltage/Current Sensor to the


Charge/Discharge Circuit:
Note: To view voltage and
a) To measure voltage: Connect the positive voltage lead on the sensor
current measurements,
to a positive terminal on the circuit board. Connect the negative (-) connect the sensor to a
voltage lead to a negative terminal on the circuit board. (Note: The PASPORT interface and
connection of the leads must be in parallel.) open DataStudio.
b) To measure current: Connect a lead from the negative terminal to
the positive terminal on the power source and another lead from the
positive terminal to any point in the circuit. (Note: The connection of
the leads must be in series.)

c) To connect other devices to the circuit:


Two empty slot springs are available for adding (or testing) other types
of apparatus with the circuit board.

Suggested Applications

Several setup options are possible, depending on the type of


experiment you wish to perform. Typical applications are as follows:
• Measuring charge/discharge from a battery or a capacitor
• Demonstrating energy transfer or the conservation of energy law
• Demonstrating Ohm’s law
• Comparing battery discharge rates for different types of rechargeable
batteries

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Charge/Discharge Model No. EM-8678

Appendix A: Specifications

Charge/Discharge Circuit
Capacitor 1.0 Farad, 5 volt maximum

Resistors 10 ohm, 33 ohm, 100 ohm, 5 volt


maximum

Light Bulbs 3 volt maximum

Board 18.3 cm x 13 cm, composed of


blue fiberglass

Appendix B: Circuit Diagram

The Charge/Discharge Circuit board was designed to allow the user flexibility in
measurement and experimentation. The lower portion of the board contains a built-in copper
circuit with a lacquer finish. The upper half of the board provides multiple connection points
for various setup options. (Note: The board does not contain a series-parallel circuit.)

Schematic 1: Setup for Demonstrating Ohm’s Law


By allowing the batteries to charge a capacitor connected to a resistor, this setup may be used
to study Ohm’s law. When the switch is moved to the charge position, the battery charges the
capacitor. When the switch is moved to the discharge position, the capacitor discharges
through the resistor. In DataStudio, plot the voltage vs. the current for each separate run. The
slope of the graph is resistance. To see the effect of varying the resistance on the voltage
discharge rate, the student can switch the lead connections to different resistors.

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Model No. EM-8678 Charge/Discharge

Appendix C: Technical Support

For assistance with the EM-8678 Charge Discharge Circuit or any other PASCO products,
contact PASCO as follows:
Address: PASCO scientific
10101 Foothills Blvd.
Roseville, CA 95747-7100
Phone: (916) 786-3800
FAX: (916) 786-3292
Web: www.pasco.com
Email: techsupp@pasco.com

Appendix D: Copyright and Warranty Information

Copyright Notice
The PASCO scientific 012-08272B Charge/Discharge Circuit Manual is copyrighted and all
rights reserved. However, permission is granted to non-profit educational institutions for
reproduction of any part of the 012-08272B Charge/Discharge Circuit Manual, providing the
reproductions are used only for their laboratories and are not sold for profit. Reproduction
under any other circumstances, without the written consent of PASCO scientific, is
prohibited.

Limited Warranty
PASCO scientific warrants the product to be free from defects in materials and workmanship
for a period of one year from the date of shipment to the customer. PASCO will repair or
replace, at its option, any part of the product which is deemed to be defective in material or
workmanship. The warranty does not cover damage to the product caused by abuse or
improper use. Determination of whether a product failure is the result of a manufacturing
defect or improper use by the customer shall be made solely by PASCO scientific.
Responsibility for the return of equipment for warranty repair belongs to the customer.
Equipment must be properly packed to prevent damage and shipped postage or freight
prepaid. (Damage caused by improper packing of the equipment for return shipment will not
be covered by the warranty.) Shipping costs for returning the equipment after repair will be
paid by PASCO scientific.

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