Today

• This week’s topics:

GIS Frontiers: ƒ Final exam review and questions
Visualization, 3-D Analysis, and the ƒ Visualization and 3D modeling in GIS; GIS Frontiers
Future of GIS • Please check after class:
ƒ Final exam times & dates (to check yours if needed)
and ƒ Examples of past final projects

• This week:
Final Exam Review ƒ Final exam
RESM 440
ƒ Final project due next Monday Oct 27, 9:00am
Week of October 20-24, 2008 ƒ Computers in 317 will be cleaned off Tuesday

Foundations for Applied GIS 2

Final exam details Lecture topics on final

• A few multiple choice questions
• Short essay questions
• GIS hands-on questions
Largely focused on • Everything since Imagery lesson (9/24/08)
topics since mid-term
~60% of test
• Lectures include:
All exercises
(see practice questions) ƒ Imagery (USGS, Green readings)
~40% of test
ƒ Creating and editing spatial data
ƒ Raster data
ƒ Raster spatial analysis / terrain analysis
ƒ Modeling in GIS
ƒ Suitability modeling in GIS (Collins reading)
ƒ Visualization (topics covered 10/20 only)
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This week’
week’s topics: New frontiers in GIS Visualization

• Visualization, 3-D analysis • What is modeling?

Attempting to simulate
• New frontiers: advances and new ideas in GIS real-world processes
• GIS and Internet mapping in GIS
• Visualization: Realistic
computer modeling of
2D features, makes
them appear 3D
ƒ Shadows
ƒ Perspective
ƒ Shading
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3-D visualization in GIS In ArcGIS:
ArcGIS: 3-
3-D Analyst extension

• Why? • Included in student evaluation software too

ƒ Simulation of real-world conditions • 3-D Analyst includes:
ƒ Model difficult to reach locations (or times) ƒ 3-D Analyst toolbar for ArcMap
ƒ Training ƒ ArcScene viewing application
ƒ Provide context and spatial awareness (more than just
• Learning more:
video game graphics)
ƒ Advanced RESM & GEOG classes
• How?
ƒ ESRI Virtual Campus classes
ƒ Extensions/plug-ins to GIS software (such as ArcGIS)
ƒ 3-D Analyst manual in /gisdata2008/
ƒ Internet applications
ArcScene model of utility lines, poles (ESRI)
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3-D Analysis in GIS Preparing TINs

• Datasets for surface models in GIS • TINs are created using 3-D Analyst
ƒ Elevation grids and TINS form the backbone for 3-D • TINs depend on:
viewing
ƒ Mass points (elevation measurements at points )
ƒ TIN: Triangular Irregular Network
ƒ Breaklines (elevation breaks or abrupt changes)
ŠCreated from DEM
ŠCreated from features (points/lines)

Tin with MORE mass points

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3-D Analysis capabilities in GIS 3-D Analysis: Visibility and viewshed analysis

• Viewshed, visibility analysis • Based on elevation differences

• Cut/fill volumetric analysis • Can include offsets (heights of towers, etc.)
• Contours, steepest path, profile
• Visualization of 3-D spatial objects
• Animated fly-throughs

3D Analyst toolbar Red = not visible

Green = visible from

observer point
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3-D Analysis: Volumetric analysis 3-D Analysis tools: Contour, profile, steepest path

• Cut/fill calculations Cheat Canyon Elevation Profile

From Coopers Rock overlook

• Compare two elevation

surfaces
• Calculate area, surface area
(accounting for elevation
differences), volume GIS-identified
Steepest paths down
• Applications:
Cut area
ƒ Engineering, construction Fill area

ƒ Valley fills (mining) Source: Mike Shank, WVDEP TAGIS

http://gis.wvdep.org/tagis/projects/valley_fill_paper.pdf
ƒ Habitat analysis 13 14

Visualization of 3-
3-D spatial objects Other 3-
3-D visualizations

• Buildings and other spatial features (usually • Interesting applications in legends

polygons) can be symbolized in 3-D
ƒ Uses base height (from DEM)
ƒ Feature height (e.g. buildings) for “extrusion” Counties by population

ArcGIS:
ArcScene

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3-D Analysis: Animated fly-

fly-throughs Animation and 3D rendering in ArcScene

• 3-D Aerial tour of your GIS datasets and area of interest 1. Add DEM
2. Add imagery
• Created using ArcGIS software and your imagery
3. Set base heights to DEM
• Created using Google Earth or similar tools
4. Zoom and pan the display
5. Use animation toolbar,
record video

From:
Weed Manager’s Guide
to Remote Sensing and
GIS (USFS)

Red shaded vegetation:

invasive weed species
(tamarisk) For more tips: http://www.esri.com/news/arcuser/0103/files/animation.pdf
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http://www.fs.fed.us/eng/rsac/invasivespecies/educating_main.htm

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Animation through time Using GIS with advanced rendering software

• Katrina Movie • Create virtual models of reality, with spatial location built-in
• Software tools:
ƒ ArcScene
ƒ 3-D Nature, World Construction Set
ƒ Google SketchUp (free)
ƒ Others

• Key elements:
ƒ Elevation surface (DEM or TIN)
ƒ Drape actual aerial photos over surface
ƒ Add 3-D spatial objects: Buildings, trees, people etc.

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Examples Examples

• Google Sketch-Up: Advanced rendering tools • WVU Campus/Virtual

Morgantown project
• Use results in ArcScene with your GIS data
ƒ Reconstruction of historic
Morgantown neighborhoods

• WVU Geology & Geography

• Created using SketchUp,
ArcScene

SketchUp
Examples from:
G&G ArcScene More info: Sue Bergeron, WVU Dept. Geology & Geography
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http://humanitiesgis.org/projects/virtualmotown/index.html 22

Examples Examples

• Additional WVU Campus buildings in Sketchup, • Penn State: 3-D model of campus
Google Earth
• Created using Sketchup and ArcScene
• Engineering class project

Source: http://www.spatiallyadjusted.com/category/google/sketchup/
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 Examples

New River Gorge visualization: Prof. Hasenmyer (LA)

New River Gorge WV

New River Gorge

Proposed Housing Development
3-D Visualization

3D Terrain Model Landscape Architecture

WVU

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Examples

• From 3-D Nature Studio website:

ƒ Landscape architecture projects (proposals)
ƒ Historical re-creations
ƒ Virtual landscapes

http://3dnature.com/
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http://3dnature.com/ 28

Penns Valley Re-creation http://3dnature.com/

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Leah Wasser, Penn State University

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 http://3dnature.com/ 31
Google Earth 32

New frontiers in GIS Mobile GIS, real-

real-time mapping

• What’s next in GIS? • Integration of GPS and GIS

• Hardware and software improvements • Real-time data entry, collection
ƒ Computers, electronics: Smaller, cheaper, faster • Track location
ƒ Software: new capabilities, Internet-enabled

Virginia Department of Forestry

ESRI Case Study

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New frontiers in GIS: Spatial data Advances in data collection: New instruments, sensors

• Data improvements & challenges • Ground-based lasers and 3-D scanners

ƒ Improving temporal resolution • Remote sensing instruments:
ƒ Improving spatial resolution ƒ LiDAR
ƒ Improving data availability & delivery ƒ New satellites
ƒ Maintaining existing datasets: Stewardship ƒ Remote vehicles
ƒ Cost: Who pays for it?

LiDAR: Light Detection and Ranging

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Applications of LiDAR Advanced visualization: Beyond 3-
3-D

• High resolution elevation mapping: • Immersive GIS: Virtual reality “CAVE” systems
ƒ Powerline/pipeline corridors
ƒ Property mapping/assessment
ƒ DEM/contour mapping

• Sample LiDAR projects

ƒ Mapping WVU forest
ƒ NYC, post-911
ƒ State of Pennsylvania Historic Morgantown
CAVE visualization
WVU Geology & Geography

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Web-
Web-based mapping and GIS functionality GIS Internet map servers: Examples

• Internet map servers • Access to spatial data

• Uses: ƒ General mapping sites
ƒ Accessible by general public, non-technical users ŠWV Basemap Viewer: http://www.mapwv.gov/
ƒ Access to data layers, data delivery ŠUS National Atlas Map Maker: http://nationalatlas.gov/

ƒ Limited analysis functionality (still developing) ƒ Public information

• Advantages ŠWVDEP Mine maps: http://gis.wvdep.org/
ŠUS Census Data: http://factfinder.census.gov/
ƒ Access for greatest number of people
ŠCity of San Francisco, city services: http://www.sfgov.org/
ƒ Data updates
ƒ Scientific/technical information
• Future
ŠUSGS Seamless map server: http://seamless.usgs.gov/
ƒ Run GIS processes over Internet (not just viewing maps)
ŠUSGS EDNA map server and tools: http://edna.usgs.gov/
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Commercial mapping sites Digital globe applications

http://maps.google.com/
• Google Maps • Stand-alone applications, access world-wide
ƒ Multiple views imagery through internet sources
ƒ Driving directions
ƒ Live traffic
• Google Earth
ƒ Street Map view (in some cities) • ArcGIS Explorer
• Microsoft Live Maps South
http://maps.live.com/ America
ƒ Multiple views
ƒ Measure distance, area
ƒ People search
ƒ Driving directions
ƒ Detailed oblique aerial photos
ƒ Traffic and construction info Google Earth visualization of hiking route from GPS data
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Using GIS data in Google Earth
• Google Earth can use real-world GIS datasets on
top of standard Google Earth imagery backgrounds
ƒ Save in KML or KMZ format (GoogleEarth)
ƒ Use shapefiles directly (GoogleEarth Pro)
Example: WV Mining Permit boundaries, WVDEP
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Summary
• 3-D Analysis and visualization
ƒ Many tools exist in GIS software and in other packages
ƒ Fusing GIS data, imagery, and spatial objects
ƒ Many different uses of visualization
ŠHistorical re-creations
ŠVisualizing remote areas
• Advances in GIS
ƒ New advances in data collection
ƒ Influence of internet-based mapping and online tools
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