Ofdm Cyclic Prefix Doubt

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14-12-05 06:22 #1
gurpreet
ofdm cyclic prefix doubt?
Newbie level 4
Hello all,
in ofdm (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing), we compromise some data rate and
Join Date: Aug 2005 introduce what is known as guard interval between two symbols. This guard interval can be
Posts: 7 anything, it doesn't matter because the reciever is finally going to ignore this interval. Now, my
Helped: 1/1 doubt is why they use "Cyclic Prefix" for it?
Points: 998 please help clear my doubt.
Level: 7 ~gurpreet
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14-12-05 10:43 #2
eda_wiz
Advanced Member level 2
cyclic prefix is used to maintain orthogonality between sub carriers.. One of the condition for
orthogonality is to have integer number of cycles in the FFT sampling window. this is possible
Achievements:
only if we use CP..
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14-12-05 15:52 #3
azaz104
Re: ofdm cyclic prefix doubt?
Member level 5
remember that in ofdm we use orthogonal signals to transmitt data(cosines and sines that are
orthogonal) , now if one of the of the sine or cosines got delayed by some amount, it will no
Join Date: Aug 2005 longer be orthogonal to other carriers...so we need to ensure the whatever happens the carriers
Location: Jordan will always stay orthogonal
Posts: 84 there is a book on the board that talks about multicarrier technology that can help alot
Helped: 15 / 15
Points: 1,843
Level: 9
15-12-05 15:01 #4
mnosrati
Junior Member level 1
read this book
OFDM for wireless multimedia communications
Join Date: Nov 2005 by R.van nee this book
Posts: 17
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21-12-05 09:59 #5
Gandharva
1 of 6 4/4/2011 3:10 PM
ofdm cyclic prefix doubt? http://www.edaboard.com/thread51927.html
Junior Member level 3 hi gurpreet,

you might be thinking that as the CP is discarded at the receiver, the CP can be anything. yes,
the cyclic prefix can be anything. But, it is more advantageous to have it as a repeated version of
Join Date: Aug 2005
the starting portion of the same OFDM symbol, this will help in maintaining the cyclic property of
Posts: 27
DFT so even if there is a slight error in detecting the start of OFDM symbol, this CP preserves the
Helped: 4/4
cyclic property of DFT.
Points: 1,185
If you remember, DFT assumes that the input is periodic when it is not the case. This has a direct
Level: 7
link to the concept why CP is what it is..
04-01-06 17:38 #6
changfa
Full Member level 1
Cyclic Prefix will ensure that your overall system can be described as a circulant matrix
operation, which makes IDFT/DFT pair work.
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06-01-06 16:23 #7
Naveed Alam
Full Member level 5
CP, must be the last part of the symbol. because when the symbol(or carrier) is delayed in time
domain, it may lose orthogonality b/c there might no more integer number of cycles of the
Join Date: Jan 2006 sub-carriers within the symbol(or ifft) interval.. some one mentioned a book in this Question
Posts: 290 reply...its good..read it..
Helped: 18 / 18 CP time might be blank, or may be any signal..but most advantageous is to use last part of the
Points: 2,703 symbol as CP.
Level: 12
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22-01-06 02:48 #8
cjwu
Newbie level 3
All the above opinions about CP's supporting 'orthogonality' is correct, but I would like to add
some other advantages.
Join Date: Dec 2005
Posts: 3 Since CP is the replica of the end of OFDM symbol, it would be effectively to utilize this property
Helped: 0/0 and do time/frequency synchronization. Please refer to the earlier publications in this area.
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27-01-06 08:04 #9
sadallday
Newbie level 5
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2 of 6 4/4/2011 3:10 PM

but they usually use the a part of preamble to make CP, i think so
27-01-06 17:29 #10
Naveed Alam
Full Member level 5
CP is the last potion of the OFDM symbol..its the right concept...
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24-02-06 22:43 #11
shedeed
Member level 4
CP is mainly added to the begining of the OFDM symbol to elliminate the effect of the multi-
version arrival of the symbol due to multipath with causes delay.
Join Date: Sep 2004 It has a specific value that is calculated from a certain relation-in brief it is about 20% of the
Location: Egypt frame length-to maintain orthogonality between sub-carriers for proper detection
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04-03-06 07:16 #12
bts_dev
Newbie level 4
Nice Question !
Heres the Answer -->
Its all about making the receiver design simplER.

OFDMsymbol is usually transmitted in either of two forms viz. ZP(zero padded) or CP (cyclic
prefixed).
While both provide similar immunity towards frequency selective (ie multitap) channel, the catch
is that while using ZP-OFDM equalization at receiver requires a complicated design; while
CP-ofdm consrves frequency orthogonality & thus enables the use of SINGLE-TAP equalizer
Join Date: Mar 2006 in freq domain at receiver - thus easing out the receiver design & resource consumption by
Posts: 5 bounds !
Helped: 84 / 84
Points: 2,663 Hope that answers ur question. Any other doubts r welcome :)
Level: 12
14-03-06 17:46 #13
udit
Member level 3
Hi gurpreet,
3 of 6 4/4/2011 3:10 PM
Join Date: Jun 2005 there are a lot of issues for using cyclic prefix in ofdm
Location: Canada 1. It prevents contamination of a block by intersymbol interference from the previous block.
Posts: 62 2. it makes the received block appear to be periodic with period M. This produces the appearance
Helped: 2/2 of circular convolution, which is essential to the proper functioning of the FFT operation.
Points: 1,414 3. cyclic prefix is used to maintain orthogonality between sub carriers. One of the
Level: 8 condition for orthogonality is to have integer number of cycles in the FFT sampling
window.
4.The length of the cyclic prefix is the maximum expected length of the channel impulse
response. It may be larger tan that too.
5. Overlap-save or overlap-add signal processing techniques could also be used to avoid the
extra overhead of the cyclic prefix.
saurav Dutt
08-11-06 06:31 #14
Harshash
CP is also used to avoid ISI.
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09-11-06 08:35 #15
Harshash
wel i think this material will solve your problem
Join Date: Nov 2006

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30-11-06 00:32 #16
changfa
Full Member level 1
The math foundation of OFDM is that sinsoid is the eigenfunction of linear time invariant (LTI)
channel. This means if one transmit a sinsoid signal to LTI system, the output is just a scaled
Join Date: Dec 2005 version of the transmit signal. OFDM generalizes this idea by transmitting multiple signal over
Posts: 119 multiple frequencies.
Helped: 84 / 84
Points: 1,641 However, sinsoid signal has infinite duration in time, which is not the case for practical
Level: 9 communication system. In this case, inter-carrier interference occurs. CP is used to get around of
this.
From singal processing perspective, CP leads to circular matrix, which make IDFT/DFT
meaningful.
09-01-07 08:46 #17
amihomo
Full Member level 4
Join Date: Jan 2007

Location: Karaj, Tehran, Iran
4 of 6 4/4/2011 3:10 PM

1-CP maintains orthogonality of subcarriers.
2-Using CP results in a smooth waveform (compared to a gap interval) and is better for High
Power Amplifier and ADC in the receiver.
3-CP can be used in timing and frequency synchronization (in non-pilot based algorithms).
16-01-07 08:47 #18
rachitag
Newbie level 2
cyclic prefix is used for synchronisation.
some calculations are performed on cyclic prefix to check the starting point of frame.
Join Date: Nov 2006
Location: hyderabad
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07-01-08 17:24 #19
Dub01
Newbie level 3
Hello all! I know that there is a cyclic prefix and zero-prefix(0). And bts_dev writes about
ZP(zero padded) ana CP (cyclic prefixed).
Join Date: Jan 2008
Posts: 3 I have questions:
Helped: 0/0 1)What advantages and disadvantages at cyclic prefix(CP)?
Points: 523 2)What advantages and disadvantages at zero-prefix(ZP)?
Level: 4 3)Why cyclic prefix used widely?
4)How process a signal with cyclic prefix(CP)? How works reciever? Who can present a code in
MathLab?
5)How process a signal with zero-prefix(ZP)? How works reciever? Who can present a code in
MathLab?
Thanks for help. Sorry for bad English.
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08-01-08 02:32 #20
alzomor
Advanced Member level 2
Join Date: Jun 2005

Location: Cairo
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5 of 6 4/4/2011 3:10 PM

Hi
If you left the guard period without any signaling there will be a discontinuity in phase which
results in sharp edges in time domain and high frequency components in frequency domain.
A CP is added to avoid this phase discontinuity so the received signal will be band limited.
also the CP with maltipath channel will result of receiving a signal which is the original signal
multiplide by several phase shifts. which results in simplifying the channel effect estimation and
compensation
Salam
Hossam Alzomor
www(.)i-g(.)org
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