SUBSTATION EARTHING GRID DESIGN CALCULATION

SUBSTATION PMU 275/132/33kV SHAH ALAM SEKSYEN 18 GIS

CONTRACT NO.
TENDER NO.
PROJECT
REVISION DATE

Probe Spacing A Depth of Probe D = A/20 (m) Measured Resistance R (W) Apparent Resistance
(m) r = 2pAR Wm
0.31 0.02 29.73 56.98
0.92 0.05 15.33 88.15
1.52 0.08 9.97 95.48
4.57 0.23 3.85 110.64
6.10 0.30 3.15 120.71
9.15 0.46 2.49 143.11
15.24 0.76 1.90 182.01
21.34 1.07 1.56 209.21
27.44 1.37 1.32 227.60
33.54 1.68 1.15 242.36
39.63 1.98 1.01 251.55
45.73 2.29 0.90 258.64
 Measured Resistance vs Probe Spacing
35.00

30.00

25.00

20.00
Resistance W

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.00 50.00
Probe Spacing (m)

Soil Resistivity vs Probe Spacing

300

250

200
Resistivity Wm

150

100

50

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Probe Spacing (m)

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Probe Spacing (m)

stance vs Probe Spacing

.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.00 50.00

obe Spacing (m)

vity vs Probe Spacing

25 30 35 40 45 50

be Spacing (m)
 25 30 35 40 45 50

be Spacing (m)
 SUBSTATION EARTHING GRID DESIGN CALCULATION
SUBSTATION PMU 275/132/33kV SHAH ALAM SEKSYEN 18 GIS
CONTRACT NO.
TENDER NO.
PROJECT
REVISION DATE

INPUT PARAMETER

Symmetrical Earth Fault Current, If 31,500.00 A

Duration of Shock Current, ts 0.50 sec

Duration of Fault Current, tf 3.00 sec

Soil Resistivity, r 112.20 Wm

Fence Perimeter 0.00 m

Body Weight 50.00 kg

Decrement Factor (for determining IG), Df 1.00

Fault Current Divisional factor, Sf 0.70

Crushed Rock
Crushed Rock Resistivity, rs 3,000.00 Wm
Thickness of Crushed Rock, hs 0.150 m

Earth Rod
Number of Earth Rod Point 165.00
Length of Earth Rod, Lr 1.80 m
Quantity of Earth Rod Buried For Each Rod Point 3.00
Total Length of Earth Rod Used, LR 891.00 m

Earth Grid Conductor

Cross Section Area of Earth Grid Conductor 300.00 mm2
Depth of Earth Grid Conductor Burial, h 0.30 m
Grid Reference Depth, ho 1.00 m
Earthing Area, A = Lx x Ly 70.00 m x 70.00 m
Spacing Between Parallel Conductor, D 3.00 m
Mesh Size of Earthing Grid, Dx x Dy 3.00 m x 3.00 m
Total Length of Earth Grid Conductor, LC 3,406.67 m
Earth Grid Section Area, A 4,900.00 m2
Peripheral Length of Earth grid, Lp = 2Lx +2 Ly 280.00 m

Total Effective Length of Earthing Ssystem Conductor

Length of Earth Rod + Earth Grid, LT 4,297.67 m

Effective Buried Conductor Length, Ls 3,312.35 m

 SUBSTATION EARTHING GRID DESIGN CALCULATION
SUBSTATION PMU 275/132/33kV SHAH ALAM SEKSYEN 18 GIS
CONTRACT NO.
TENDER NO.
PROJECT
REVISION DATE

VERIFICATION OF EARTH GRID CONDUCTOR FAULT CURRENT WITHSTAND CAPACITY

SURFACE LAYER DERATING FACTOR, Cs

Surface Layer Derating Factor, Cs 0.78

TOLERABLE STEP VOLTAGE, Estep50

Tolerable Step Voltage For Body Weight 50kg, Estep50 3,330.81 V

TOLERABLE TOUCH VOLTAGE, Etouch50

Tolerable Touch Voltage For Body Weight 50kg, Etouch50 999.23 V

EARTH GRID RESISTANCE, Rg

Earth Grid Resistance, Rg 0.74 W

SYMMETRICAL GRID CURRENT, Ig

Ig = S f x If 22,050.00 A

MAXIMUM GRID CURRENT, IG

Maximum Grid Current, IG 22,050.00 A

IG = Df x Ig

GROUND POTENTIAL RISE, GPR

Ground Potential Rise, GPR = IG x Rg 16,232.91 V

GPR vs Etouch50

GPR 16,232.91 V
Etouch50 999.23 V

GPR > TOLERABLE TOUCH VOLTAGE

MESH VOLTAGE, EM

na 24.33
nb 1.00
nc 1.00
nd 1.00
n = n a x nb x nc x nd 24.33
Ki 4.25
Kii 1.00
kh 1.14
Km 0.35
Em 770.48 V

EM vs Etouch50

EM 770.48 V
Etouch50 999.23 V

MESH VOLTAGE < TOLERABLE TOUCH

VOLTAGE, DESIGN OK

STEP VOLTAGE, Es

Es 2,324.48 V

Es vs Estep50

Es 2,324.48 V
Estep50 3,330.81 V

STEP VOLTAGE < TOLERABLE STEP

VOLTAGE, DESIGN OK
 SUBSTATION EARTHING GRID DESIGN CALCULATION
SUBSTATION PMU 275/132/33kV SHAH ALAM SEKSYEN 18 GIS
CONTRACT NO.
TENDER NO.
PROJECT
REVISION DATE

Legend
r Soil resistivity.
rs Surface layer resistivity.
A Total area enclosed by earth grid.
Cs Surface layer derating factor.
d Diameter of grid conductor.
Dm Maximum distance between any two points on the grid.
Df Decrement factor for determining IG.
Em Mesh voltage at the centre of the corner mesh for the simplified method.
Es Step voltage between a point above the outer corner of the grid and a point 1m diagonally outside the
grid for the simplified method.
Estep50 Tolerable step voltage for human with 50kg body weight.
Etouch50 Tolerable touch voltage for human with 50kg body weight.
h Depth of earth grid conductors.
hs Surface layer thickness.
IG Maximum grid gurrent that flows between earth grid and surrounding earth.
Ig Symmetrical grid current.
kh Corrective weighting factor that emphasizes the effects of grid depth, simplified method.
Ki Correction factor for grid geometry, simplified method.
Kii Corrective weighting factor that adjusts for the effects of inner conductor on the corner mesh,
simplified method.
Km Spacing factor for mesh voltage, simplified method.
Ks Spacing factor for step voltage, simplified method.
n Geomatric factor composed of factors na, nb, nc and nd.

SURFACE LAYER DERATING FACTOR, Cs

Equation 27

TOLERABLE STEP VOLTAGE, Estep50

Equation 29

TOLERABLE TOUCH VOLTAGE, Etouch50

Equation 32
EARTH GRID RESISTANCE, Rg

Equation 52

SYMMETRICAL GRID CURRENT, Ig

Equation 65

MAXIMUM GRID CURRENT, IG

Equation 64

GROUND POTENTIAL RISE, GPR

Assumption Ig = IG

MESH VOLTAGE, EM

Equation 81

Equation 83

Equation 82

Equation 85

Equation 86

Equation 87

Equation 88
 Equation 84

Equation 80 & Equation 91

STEP VOLTAGE, Es

Equation 89

Equation 93

Equation 94

Equation 92
EARTHING GRID DESIGN CALCULATION
ALAM SEKSYEN 18 GIS

nt above the outer corner of the grid and a point 1m diagonally outside the
od.

that emphasizes the effects of grid depth, simplified method.

that adjusts for the effects of inner conductor on the corner mesh,
Equation 80 & Equation 91