WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER

SUBMITTED BY :
ADITYA SHARMA
NIPUN SHARMA
NITISH ARORA
Branch:ECE
DITM SONIPAT
HARYANA

SUBMITTED TO:

Mr.SUDHIR MAHAJAN (HOD) Electronics Department.

Our special thanks to Mrs.Swarna Pundir(ECE Dept) who showed us the right way and stood
with us each moment for every possible help.We are also thankful to Mr.Suresh Kumar(Lab
Assistant) who arranged the apparatus(Microcontrllers) for us.
ABSTRACT

The level of the water in a field is controlled by this equipment using microcontroller. Main

components are PIC microcontroller, motor, sensor etc. The sensors sense the intensity of water and

give indication to the microcontroller. The microcontroller produces the control signals to drive the

motor. If there is no water then microcontroller gives control signal to start the motor and if there is

sufficient water in the field then the microcontroller give control signal to stop the motor.

INTRODUCTION
 Water level controller is equipment used to control the water level in a field. The level of the

water is controlled by using a microcontroller. Main components are PIC micro controller, sensor,

motor etc... The sensors sense the presence of water and give indication to the microcontroller. The

microcontroller produces the control signals to drive the motor. If there is no water then

microcontroller gives control signal to start the motor and if there is sufficient water in the field then

the microcontroller give control signal to stop the motor. And also the microcontroller enables the

display and displayed as “THE MOTOR IS ON” when the motor starts and disable the display when

the motor is off. Hence the level of water in a field can be automatically controlled. The main

components used in this equipment are PIC microcontroller, sensor and motor
SENSOR
Here the sensor used is the two conductors placed in the field. If there is water then the conduction
occurs between the two conductors, which closes a circuit to the microcontroller and microcontroller
detects the intensity of water in the field. If there is no conduction microcontroller detects that water
is in the field.

If there is no conduction microcontroller detects the absence of water.

MICROCONTROLLER

Pic16c73so microcontroller is employed. The PIC microcontroller detects the indication from the

sensor. The microcontroller produces controls signal to the drive the motor according to the

indication and enables the display. The motor is controlled by a relay mechanism.
MOTOR
Motor is controlled by the microcontroller the microcontroller switching the power
supply to motor by relay mechanism. The motor employed is DC motor which
has high starting torque and constant speed.

DISPLAY

16*2 LCD display is used. The present state of the motor is displayed on the

display.
 BLOCK-DIAGRAM

MAIN COMPONENTS

LCD (LIQUID CRISTAL DISPLAY)

LCD:-
Short for liquid crystal display, a type of display used in digital watches and many portable computers.
LCD displays utilize two sheets of polarizing material with a liquid crystal solution between them. An
electric current passed through the liquid causes the crystals to align so that light cannot pass through
them. Each crystal, therefore, is like a shutter, either allowing light to pass through or blocking the light.
Monochrome LCD images usually appear as blue or dark gray images on top of a grayish-
whitebackground. Color LCD displays use two basic techniques for producing color: Passive matrix is the
less expensive of the two technologies. The other technology, called thin film transistor (TFT) oractive-
matrix, produces color images that are as sharp as traditionalC RT displays, but the technology is
expensive. Recent passive-matrix displays using newCSTN andDSTN technologies produce sharp colors
rivaling active-matrix displays.

.PIC (Peripheral Interface Controller)

PIC is a family of Harvard architecture microcontrollers made by

Microchip Technology, derived from the PIC1640 originally developed

by General Instrument's Microelectronics Division. The name PIC

initially referred to "Peripheral Interface Controller".

PICs are popular with developers and hobbyists alike due to their low cost, wide availability, large user
base, extensive collection of application notes, availability of low cost or free development tools, and
serial programming (and re-programming with flash memory) capability.

PIC16C73-so

The PIC16C73 is an EPROM-based microcontroller with an integrated Analog-to-Digital Converter. This

easy- to- program (only 35 single word instructions) device contains 4096x14 words of program memory,
192 bytes of user RAM and 5 MIPS performance @ 20MHz. In addition to the 5-channel 8-bit A/D
converter, this peripheral-rich device includes Brown-Out-Reset (BOR), Power-On-Reset (POR), three
timer/counters, two Capture/Compare/PWM modules and two serial ports. The synchronous Serial Port
can be configured as either a 3-wire Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI™) or the 2-wire Inter-Integrated
Circuit (I²C™) bus. This device also features a Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver
Transmitter (USART) which is also known as a Serial Communications Interface (SCI). The PIC16C73
has 22 I/O pins with 25mA source/sink per I/O. PIC16C73 fits perfectly in applications from security and
remote sensors to appliance control and automotive.

DC Motor

DC motor, operation is based on simple electromagnetism. Acurrent- carrying conductor generates a

magnetic field; when this is then placed in an external magnetic field, it will experience a force
proportional to thecurrent in the conductor, and to the strength of the external magnetic field. opposite
(North and South) polarities attract, while like polarities (North and North, South and South) repel. The
internal configuration of aDC motor is designed to harness the magnetic interaction between a current-
carrying conductor and an external magnetic field to generate a rotational motion.
EveryDC motor has six basic parts -- axle, rotor (a.k.a., armature), stator, commutator, field magnet(s),
and brushes. In most common DC motors the external magnetic field is produced by high-strength
permanent magnets1. The stator is the stationary part of the motor -- this includes the motor casing, as
well as two or more permanent magnet pole pieces. The rotors (together with the axle and attached
commutator) rotate with respect to the stator. The rotor consists of windings (generally on a core), the
windings being electrically connected to the commutator. The above diagram shows a common motor
layout -- with the rotor inside the stator (field) magnets.

The geometry of the brushes, commutator contacts, and rotor windings are such that when power is
applied, the polarities of the energized winding and the stator magnet(s) are misaligned, and the rotor will
rotate until it is almost aligned with the stator's field magnets. As the rotor reaches alignment, the brushes
move to the next commutator contacts, and energize the next winding. Given our example two-pole
motor, the rotation reverses the direction of current through the rotor winding, leading to a "flip" of the
rotor's magnetic field, driving it to continue rotating.
 DC Motor Operation

SOFTWARE

#define RS PORTD.F0
#define EN PORTD.F1
#define RW PORTD.F2
//PORTC.F0 is used for sensor rod
#define MOTOR PORTC.F2

//-----------------------Lcd comd----------

void lcdcmd(unsigned char cmd)

{RS=0;

PORTB=cmd;
EN=0;
Delay_Ms(2);
EN=1;
Delay_Ms(50);

//-----------------------Lcd data----------

void lcddata(unsigned char data)

{RS=1;

PORTB=data;
EN=0;
Delay_Ms(2);
EN=1;
Delay_Ms(50);

}
//-----------------------Device init------
void DeviceInit(void)

{TRISB=0x00;

TRISD=0x00;
TRISC=0x01;
PORTB=0x00;
PORTD=0x00;
PORTC=0x00;

//---------------------Lcd init----------

void LcdInit(void)

{
RW=0;
lcdcmd(0x38);
lcdcmd(0x38);
lcdcmd(0x38);
lcdcmd(0x0C);
lcdcmd(0x06);
lcdcmd(0x01);

//---------------------msg---------------

void mess(unsigned char name[])

{unsigned char i=0;

while(name[i]!='\0')

{lcddata(name[i]);

i++;

//------------------Main fun-------------

void main(void)

{DeviceInit();

LcdInit();

while(1)

{while(!PORTC.F0)

{MOTOR=1;

LcdInit();
mess(" motor on");
Delay_Ms(50);

}
MOTOR=0;
LcdInit();
mess(" motor off");
Delay_Ms(50);
}