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T.... Resource. Agerocy GORDON K VAN VLECK MAP NO.4 AND MAP NO.6 ..... ,.... 120
Secrerary for Resources CALIFORNIA GEOLOGY SUBSCRIPTION FORM 120
~nmetll a4 C-VIloon RANDALL M WARD
(),eclor
COYtI. P.renn'olly ochWl lond.llde along Srore HlghWQ)' 16 o!ltte Coluso
JAMES F DAVIS Co.ul'lIy·Yolo Counly bo.der The bedrock conSlI1's of shale, mudsrone, and
Stale GeoIoQlSl Inlerbedded sOl'ldstone olltte FISke Creek Formor,on [Upper Cretoeeousl
The onglnol cause 01 the landslIde was from entfenChmenl and undercutting
CALIfORNIA GEOLOGY slall by Coch. Creek Outing heavy rains rock deb..s coverl Stote H,ghwoy 16 at
lhe bose olltte O\Iet1teepened slope and IS soon remoWld by molntenonce
Ed'lor-,n·Ch'et Marye Woods
Ed,lor Oon OUp/liS
cr.....s lrom the CollfornlO Deportment of Tronsporlotlon Note the d,m'nuliv.
Ed,lollal AsSistance Mary EI·Bdour SlZ. 01 rhe removal equIpment 01 rhe bose of lhe slIde. An artIcle oboulltte
GlllphlCS and Design: Bruce Foggy. Iand.llde potent,ol;n lhe o'eo 01 Cache Cr. .k beg,ns on poge 99 Photo by
Peggy Walkel MW Monson.
PublO<:81,ons Supervisor Jell lambert
Depatlmet'l 01 O_el Sfi"",..
~
011<101 Slale Pf'''\JnlI
SAN FRANCISCO
~
..
F,gure I. LOCOhOn 01 Cacho Cr"ek and Capay Volley I ,n color) in centro! CoMofMlo Coos, Rang ...
INTRODUCTION
nAt aboYI
~htJ(:k
9 o'dock on the evening of
Tuc~ay. May 1. 1906. a ~lisht
was fell in Capay Valley. California
Due 10 lhe rugged and remme nalure of
Ihe C..che Creek dminage up~Ire..m from
Capay V.. IIcy. the cau:.e of the drop In
taceou~: Lawton. 1956) and impounded
3pproxin13tcl) 12.000 ..cre-feel of water
(SCUll. 1970) In a lal.e that e."cnded
(Figure 1). The great San Francisco w..ter was not known until Thur~ay. about 4 miles up~treall1. No attempts .....ere
e:trlhquake had occurred only 13 day~ be- M .. y J. 1906..... hen word W'h received in made by local authorities to removc the
fore. and nOllOO mueh nt)(ice .... as gh'en Capa) thai a larnbJlde h.uj blocked C..che ob~truclion due to difficult acccss 10 this
co lhl~ rate~t shock. When the local cili- Creek below Wlbon Valley (Figures 2 remmc location. I n anticipation of a
lens arose the next morning. however. and 3). flood. most of the fesidelll~ in the upper
they ....ere surprised to find that the WOller C..pay Valley evacualed their homes and
levelln Cache Creek had fallen consider- The I..ndslide Ihat dammed Cache c..mped out on nearby hill~idcs (PhotO I).
ably. Al GUllld... In the C..pay Valley. the Creek was aboul 100 feet high and nearly
creek 1c\"C1 h:td dropped 5 feet overnight 500 feet wide on top (Willler.f £lpr/'ss. When Ihe dam faIled five days after the
(Will/l'r$ £.fpr('$$. r906a: WrHH//wld fJlIily 1906b). It wa, compo:.ed of debris frorn I.. ndslide created 11. the re~ulling flood
/Jel/1(}<'rtll. 1906). lhe Crocl. Canyon Formation (Lo.... er Cre- elllered the Capay Valle) and dcvastated
CALIFORNIA GEOLOGY
thc small toy,n of Rum~) (Figure II.
destroycd sc\ocral buildin¥s. and damaged
lhe count) bridge across Cache CrecL. and
lhe SOUlhern PacirlC ratl facilities. The
f100d-walcr 1C\'c\ reached a height of four
fcci abo\·c the normal high y,alcr mOirl
Fortunately. no one was IOJured Of L.lllcd.
Although the landslide and flood wcre
mentioned 10 lhe summar) reporloo lhe
1906 San Francisco earthquakc (Lay,-.on
:and OIhen.. 19081. il soon faded 1010 ob-
scunty along Y,ilh many other cffecb of
that great e\en!.
almo.t walk acrou il. garment now needed. f'tto'os by M.W Man,on
done to .....tock or the ma,l Two hours lro...1brought us foee IQ foee WJIh
Mr Janes e"pec1ed 10 mak. the trip on 1001, the Woodlond tourosll. They hod go... U9 in two
Jo see IU1I what me conditIOn, w.... before the partl.... one on e<ther side 01 the creek. [Yolo
break rho ed,1or of the upreu mode lhe Inp 10 but the dislOnc. was roo greG!. and beong WIOC·
CU1Iorned to horseback nding he decided to go Countyl $I.Irveyor AshIeYs party aNy hod
.... sc.... of .... olide,leavtng Win'.n F...ooy reached .... slid•. Mr Ashley r.ported Ihot
home Thor left the _spaper man alone, and he
fftQmIng at a moment'. nolK•. AI ModiK>rl, J II. [Ihe Iondslidel hod formed a complete dam In tne
was no' a l,fIle depressed at the oeernmg neces-
Jones boarded Ihe troon, and soon modeo II creek aboullooo leet from bank to bani.. 100
.1Iy 01 rna~"'9 !he Inp alone, no _ appeonng
known t+>al he was On the way 10 .... .Jide. Mr fee' wode< on top end wrrh a bose al~, tooo
to want to ottempl ,I
Jones hal much .tock on h.. form thor would be feet 'I W01 oboulloo feet h<gh and Its ""me....
offecled by a big ""h 01 water, and he wonled to bulk and weoghl kepI It from being pI.Ished dawn
see what the donger was. So he and Ih. news- Through ,he k.nd..... 01 Mr Co.. Irwon a good stream by the greal _'9ht 01 water ,mpounded
paper I'I\On mode a compact to go 'ogelher hone was obla,ned, and obo!.oll,ye o'clock a , ... waler was wirh.n I.n feel of me top, n"ng 01
young Mr. Morfin SOld he wovld go Secunng a me rate 01 ... ,nches on hour, and could M u·
ArriYlng 01 Rumsey, It wo.learned rhar Ih••I,de mule "whase nome was Maud.: but was oher. peeted 10 run oyer In twenty hours, wh,ld the po,.
waS probably twenty mil.. away, and Ihe counlry word ch,,"ened "Dynam.te" for reOlOnslhal WIll llb.lity wa. Ihal ,he barrier would glye way In
between Inacce."ble mountaIns, II one did nol appear, he ond Ihe Kflbe fared lorth much Ie.. t,me.
'"
O~
Terrace depoSlI1 (PleIstocene'
Red Sluff Formohon (g.ovel In •• dd"h
SIlty or sandy mol",,) (p1.'lIonn")
K... Upper CreIOCeO... S (UndifferentIated
mOnne roc..)
KJ ..., KI'P lo....e, Cretoceou.-Upper J... <O"'C
Great Volley Sequence (Manne
CliChe Formallon [Pebbly sandstone, Kia Forbe, Formohon (Monne .hole and m... d~tone, "lIltone. IOnd~rone. and
conglomeral', ..h.lone and tuff) .,Ilitone] conglomerate) (KJ.p - delnrol
(Plio-PI,'llon"e) Kg G""ndo FormohOn (Monne 1000itone 'erpenhnel
Clea. Lake volconoes (d-doe,t.; ond mud.tone)
a-andesl'ft to bo.olhc rock, b-bosolt. Kf F... nh Formollon (Man..... sI.ole ond Kif F<onclScan Complex ("·,andllone,
•• rhyolite; Huff and olh,r pyrocJosrle sandstone) Ihole, conglomerote; cll·chert;
rocltsllPlio-PI."locene,-Qvotemory KI Sites Fo,-mor,on (Monne londilone) gs·greenslone; mg·metogroywackel
conde' cone D. volcono Ky Yolo FormO'llon (Manne shale and ...m SerpentInIzed ultramafic rockl
T.homo Fa,mOhon (Sand, "b, and sand.lone) Jgd Gabbro and diabo~e
~olconlclo'hc roch)
{Pilocene) K~ Venodo Formollon (Manne landllone
and conglomerate)
" Copay Formor.on (Monne .ondltone)
(focene)
Slale I-lighwa)'~ 16 and 20, allhough large Luke bee'au:.c II lad" Ihe moderaling April 30 (California DqKtrlmCIll of \Vlller
pOr!lon, of Ihe ll.e:.1 h:tlf of the Cache effe~'l,of lhe tal.e. Mue'h of Ihe area I{c,ouree,. 1%1. Table.. 2 alld 3).
Creel area do not have impro\ed road~ I' to,,~red b) Ihld bru,h con'I'ling
and fell. road." lead directly 10 Ihe creel uf chaml..,;', rnanzanlla, and bucklhorn. There arc <.t\cral ~maJl raneh('\ up-
it,elf The widlh of the 'lUdy area mnge, The remall1der I' l!ra~:.land \\1Ih :.tlillered 'lream from Ihc Clcar Lale Impounding
fr"m one 10 lhree mile:.. and relief in lhe oal Ir('e, Dam. and num('wu, farm, and r.mche\
arc:t approache, 2,200 fcel. arc dOl'olhlre:lIll in Capa~ Valle) h'\\, If
The I'lIh)elaltline, of equal r•.IInfallj an~, PCOIlI~ Ii\e along Cach~ Cr.:el he·
map sho.... , lhe Clche Creel ,Iud) are:1 lll'een Ihe ~l;1I11 and Ihe vallc)", MOI,l of Ihe
The c1ll1lale in lhe :.tudy area i.. chamc- received an :llemge of 25 10 30 lnehe, of 1:1I1d In lhe 'Iud) arca i\ Slale or Fedeml
tented by hOi dry ..ummcn and modemle rJlnfalJ pcr ycar bcl\\een 1906 and 1956 property (U.S, Bureau l'f Land Managc·
\0, mlers. Snow ocea~lonally co\'ers much tRanl/. 1971). Lal.e!"lrt, (In lhe \\e,1 ll1~nl. 1972). Thc gr.l~ ..land, ;rrc used for
of the arca during inten"C \0, mler storlm, margin ofClcar Lal~. r~cell~d an avcr· callie llra7l11g. At'ce,s 10 mut'h oflho.' pri·
\o'herea.. Ihe :.ummerllrtle lemperature:. re· u~~ of 30 inche:. pcr )eM From Jul) I. \atc land III Iho.' arca i\ Cllnlmll~d b)
fleclthe proximity of the area to lhe hoI 11.105 10 June 30. 1906, 37,J3 Inehe:. of hUllllng cluh~ lLawton, 1(56), A large
Central Valley. Temperalure e,~lreme~ in r.lln fell on talepor.: all c,llIllaled 96.2 Tule o:Il herd r.JllgC' Ihrough Ihe \lUd)
Ihe 'IUd)' area arc greater Ih:lll al Clear pcrccntllflhl\al110UIll fcil fr"IIIJIII) I \ll :Ir~a, and decr arc plentiful.
Rock Units
°
Sleet. 3 ,nchel loll. The type kKol,ty of rock
lormot,on is the oreo where Ihe 10rmo1<on ""0'
GeologiC unit.. \.I Ithm the LO\.ler Lake
f,",re<:ognized ond deKribed Note ho"" rhe
Other ,lope failure) are trlgil-ered by
IIIcreascd pore-water prcs~ure (pressure
uncemllnted ond uncon.olldoted led'menlS ho~e
11.5 nunute) quadrangle (at the \.Ie~t end reod.ly eroded Irom rhe runoff 01 ""nte< rOlno. exerted by groundwater \I ithm Ihe ,"oids
of the :>tud) area) include the Cache For- between mineral grams in ..oiL alluvium.
mation IPho-Plei'iLOeene: R)1llcr. 19711: rel:lti,"ely uncon<.ohdated a..semblage 01 :lIlll bedrod.) due 10 lhe infiltration of
19111). -.orne uhmmaflC" and ~ilica car- poorly ,orted cobble g.raveI,. 'and ,Ind \lIt rall1water. The re~ulllng deereaM.' of ..hear
bonate rod.. Ihal are part of the Coast 'Photo J). Areas around Clear L:ll.e that 'trength (internal resIstance 10 dcfornw-
Rangeophiolile' (Brice. 1953). and Cre- arc underlanl by th" unit life also de\lg- 110n by \he:lrll1g) can cau!>C "lope failure.
taceous sedimenlary Uilib n{':lr Lower natcd as "1I-\0\t SU"CCPlihlc" to land~lidc' Thc le,"cl of the water table (depth 10
Lake and MlddlelOwn (Swc and I)lel.ln- and debrrs flows (Man"un. 1989a). groundwater beneath thc land ..urface)
son. 19701. Adjacent parhoflhe Wi!""n \'arie, \\ Ith the amount of mtnfa!1 for the
Valley ;Jnd Glav.cod. Mountam (1.5 IIl1n- lond$lides area. During the \.lInter. the water lable
utel quadrangles to the e:l<,[ IIH:lude the and pore-waler prc....ure ri-e becau,e of
Great Valle) Sequence of Upper Jura~- A land..lid... I" ddlned a, a tII:I" of Itlereascd rainfall. and during the ,umlller
..ice) and Cretaccou .. ail-c. and other unlh rocL wil. and debris thaI has becn dl~ and fall month.. the \.later t;Jble and pore-
'uch as the Cache I'orrnalloll (Lawton. pl:K'"ed do\.l n"lope by ..Iidlng. llo\.ling. or \.later pres~ure drop becau.'oC ra1l1fall i..
1956). Detailed m:,pplnil- along C:ll'hc !'aillng Lllnd..lide, Include eohe'lve blocl. negligible. If r:llnfalll" hIgher than a\er-
Creek in the vicinlt) of Wilson Valle) gild..., ,lI1d dl,rupted ,lump, that ha\C age durmg the .... intersca~on.the water
"a~ conducted dunng an investigation of formcd b) tran!>latlon' or rolallOn· of the table will be h,ghcr lhan :t\'ct"Jj!c on a hill-
pro(JO'ed dam~lle' 'ScotL 1970), ,lope tn:uerial, along one or more plan;Jr slope alld ground\\<ltcr prc....urC"l ma) be-
or curl'ipl:lnar ,hp ,urfaces. The Ca,'he ("ome d:tngerou~ly hiil-h Under lhe..e
The Great V:lllc) Sequence compri'es Crecl. land..llde halard Illap ,Ill"", me- condUltm". hilbide mO\clllent could be
,,\'Cral di,tml·t geol0il-Il' formations in the dium and large land..lidC\ lhat :Ire VISible :lcll\Jtcd hy an e:lrthqual.c. or {)\'CfS:llUra·
ca..tern and central por\lon~ of lhe "lUdy on the blacl. and "hitc aerial pho(()', u'ol.'d tlon of \CuI b~ ad<.htlonal minfal!. or \j-
area (Figure 2) Thc\c formations con.."t for tht" "lUdy In addltnJt1 lIIthc\{' land- br.Ltlon" from c~pIO\ion.. for road
of interbedded ..hale. nlUd\lOne. ,and- \!ide... therc .Ire mnumcrable unmapped {·on'lruction.
"lune and conglomerate strata that dip "malll;lnd..lide,. dcbrt.. avalanche ,car...
)tcepl) ea<,[\.I:mL and arc highly fractured and mel. F;Jl!s alollil- Cache Crccl. and 11\ Numerou\ "ludies ha\e ..hown a corre-
and JOll1ted. Area.. around CleM Lake that trlbut;Jrre~. Due W ,lope 1I1'tablltl) fac- lation bet.... een large earthquake, and in-
arc underlam by unih correlated wllh to('\. both the largc :Ind "mall ..lope fail- cident' of land~lide~. Land..lidc.. that
\Ome oflhe formation, (the Vcnado and ure, .... 111 {'onltnue III (lCcur (l'holO "I. were lriil-gered b) ..0 hi<.tori<"al e;Jrlh-
Brophy Canyon Formation,. the Blue qU:lke, ha\'e been documented (Keefer.
Ridgc Member of the Crack Canyon For- Ca(he Creel. IS Jn anlecedent· ,tream. Jl)l(4). The magnllude 7.1 Loma Prietll
I1I:U ion. and the .. Unnamed Mud"lone" It maUllaltl' It.. original ea'terl) cour", carthqu:ll.e of (ktober 17. 1989 activated
Formation: UnIt' Ilk. lila. Ib and 1:1. re- through mountatn, th:1I are belllg uplifted many land~lide, 111 Santa Crul County
,pectl\el). of S.... e and I)ickm.."n. 1970) be{'au\C the v:lriou.. geolngll' unlh tnl\- (Manson and olhers. 1989~ Spittler and
wcre claS'iifled:l' "Most Su'Ceptlblc" W er\Cd by Cal'hc Cred. erode rclati\'c1y olhe,...,. 19891. A landslide ncar La
land,lidcs and debris flo...... lMlln..on. c:I'lly lI'hotO\ 2-4} M:1I1} of the "lope lIunda. 111 S;Jn Mateo County. California.
1989a). The Cache Formation. \.Ihich un- failures are trig!:!ered by unden:ul11l1g Jnd which occurred 33 lillie" away from the
ckrlie.. the \.Iestern ponion of the Cache ero~ion of lhe hill,ide ,lope" b} Cuche epicenter. was probabl) triggered by lhe
Creel. qud) :lrell. is an unce11lenled lInd Creek and Ih tributaries. ~lorgan Hill (M 6.1) earthquake of 1984
•
Kccgc \h}J)C\, \Ul'h a~ ocl'urrcd at Clchc Creel
\ III 19Otl. arc common at MM VIIKcefcr.
11)114. p, 420), Ahhough the 1906 Coche
Klvj"\-
LN \
Creclland~llde wa~ nOI in~lanlaneou~jy
trig1.!cred by Ihe earllKju"ke, the a~soci
alcd ground milt ion may h,lVC opened in-
clplenl f.. ilurc Ill<lnc~ in Ihe ~Iide nm.\~
;llong which groundw<ller pcrcolatioll
l'au~ed hydrc)!,talil' pore pre~~lIre to in-
l'rea'-C. rc\ultmg in ~1"Jl'C failure 12 d<lY~
later (Scolt, I1J70. p. (5),
Conglomerate bed. 0 0 0 0 0 . 00 (> 0 " 0 00 UMIl tf"ckness in the ,tudy 0.80"
Foult _ greater ,hon 4,200 f....1
The 1906 Cache Creellamhlidc mowd
Unit contoc! ''''' LHTLE VALLEY FORMATION, LEES-
VIllE MEM8ER (low•• Crelaceous): WIth such velocity thai a boulder 20 fCCI
landslIde' Arrows "'ow directIon of ~ PredomInantly huH, light-g.oy or 111 di"meter wa\ c..rried :l(;ro~~ the can)·tm
downolope movement ~ yellow·brown sand.tone, w,lh ,nle'- :,nd lifled more Ihan 30 fCCI abllI!C thc
bedded .hale and silly shale ond main tna\~ of the dam. Thc Ircmor fcll III
occaSIonal conglomerate. Un" ,s 600 C:lP;IY V:Illey on Ihc 11Ighl of May I eould
SYMBOL UNIT DESCRIPTION to 1,800 f.elll·"d, and ,est. can- h:lve been cau'-Cd hy thl' 1l11p;!CI of Ihe
001 AllUVIUM IHoloceneJ: Depo.." of la.mobl.,. upon the "Gnzzly Creek
laml\1idc (Scot I. 1970l, Allhough thl\ 1\
groYe~ sand, silt ond cloy along Ihe member" of the "C.ock Canyon
oc""'e ~Ireom c"onnels; ,nclude, smoll Farmol,on H
\ery pt)!,~lble. an altern..u\'e h)'pt)(he~l\ is
polch... of older bedrock locolly. Kccgc CRACK (ANYON FORMATION, th<lt .. \lIIall eanhquale did Ol'Cur locally
Q" LANDSLIDE DEPOSITS (Holocene GRIZZLY CREEK MEMBER (lower and triggered Ihe lan(hlidc. No local
ond lale Pleistocene): Include' land· ((fIlaceousl Predom'nonliy .hale, sihy carth4uale of magnllud;: 4 or largcr 1\
,I,de, mapped by pre",ous ....orker>; lhole, ol\d mudstone, ","th oc:co..onol h~t;:d for Ihat dale nllpptllad.. and olhcr\,
many ol"er smoiliondslide, ex,~1 bu' londllone ond .eve.ol conglomerote 1(78). Onc earllKjuale wa~ reported at
Ore nO! s..o.... n; orrow~ ,ndicate gen- len.el; conla,nllh,ck Ie"... of detrrtQI 9:.10 p.m. on thai dale near GuerneVille.
eral direchon of moyemenl. landllid., "'P'"'tn,telocolly. Un,llh,dne.. OJ Sonoma Coullly. appro'wn:llcly .Ut mlle\
Ihot curren,ly oppear'o b. ,table can 3,200 '0 4,600 feel
we\t of Cap;ly V.. llcy. 111\ 11\led ;I~ MM
reod,ly become remobilized by Kccbr CRACK CANYON FORMATION,
Itllcn~l1y VI (fell hy all pcr-.on\).
,ncrealed predpito!ion. BLUE R'DGE MEMBER Ilow.. Crekl·
TERRACE DEPOSITS (Holocene and ceou~): Conglomerole ond sond~lone
PlelSlocenej: Uncon~o!ido'ed to semi- ....,th some ,nle,bedded mud~tGIMI.
consolidaled ollu"ium depos,led Conformably oyetl.. ~ Sulphur CrH~ Belwccn 1969 ,IIUJ 1984 Illore tlwn 36
mo,nly by slreom" ....,th m,nor lokebed formatIOn (lOWIOn, 1956; S....e ond ..mall earlh4uakes (magnitude 1.0 til 2.1J)
depos,,, of "Ils'one and mudstone; el. DIC~,nson, 1970j Un,t th'c~nen ,n necurred m lhe region betwecn Ihe I'xx,
eyaled obo"e pre~ent ~tream cllonnel~ the ~Iudy areo,~ opprox,motely Cll'he Creelland~lide ltx:alily .. nd Lalc
and la~e bo"ns, 2,100 fHt Bcrr)'C\\a, :lpprOltlt11,ucly I') mllc\ Wille
KJ",m LITTLE VAllEY FORMATION, ROUND KJo UNNAMED MUDSTONE FORMA_
\<luth. One C;Lrlh'lual.c epiel'ntcr w..\ only
MOUNTAIN MEMBER (Lo....er Creta· TION lUpper Juro~~c·lo....er Creto-
:! l1tilcs WC\t \)f the I:md.,lide (U,S. Gen-
ceou~l Predom,nontly lig"l.groy 10 ceo~l: Domlnanlly mudltone .... '1..
bro....n sllole and ~Ity ,hole, ...." .. m'- m,nor sond,tone ond conglomerate, lug leal Survey, !lJlS5), The ~allJe <llllnunt
nor mud,lone, ,nlerbedded sonc!,'one ''',n-bedded cheri ond ptl.o.... lo"a~ lit micro~ci\l1tieity Itwy have occurred lit
and some limestone, conla,n~ detnlol pr.,ent neGr bo~e of un,l. S"ole ,s the rcglon til 1906, but bccauM: there
serpenhn"elocolly. Conformably oy- medium'o don bro.... n or gray; sand· wcrc nn in\lrUmcltl\ ,'arablc of re"ordlng
etlo,n by ,"e Baldy Maunlo,n member "one ,s green"h gray 0' brown. In· ,Iny \tt1:111 earth4u..lc\ ncar Cache Creel
of ,"e Doy;s Canyon Formollon, ond clude, Knoxy,lIe Forma"on (Broce, ;11111..1'1ItIC.;1 hypo'hclicai "triggerin.!:!"
conformably Oyerl,es the leesy,lle 1953), Sulphur Cree~ Formalton (lo....· earthquake would nol h..vc been
member of tile l,lIle Volley Formo',on ,on, 1956, S....e ond D,ck.nsan, 1970)
reeordcd
,
Glossary
ontetedent .Ireom: 0 slreom lhot moonlolnllls ophiolite, 0 g'O\,Ip of mol«; ond ult,omal..:: translational slide, downilopll dllploument 01
originol tourse during 10<:01 uphll Or '9neou. 'cxks tho! formed dunng the eo'fy .Iope molenol along a planar .I,p lurlo<;e
delormallon phole 01 0 de.-elopong OXe<ln boSln
rototionol slide: downllope dloploumenl of
gntidip slope: a hill shope d,pplng.n Ihe oppo· uh,omolit 'otk: '9neou. 'cxk thot II comprIsed llope molenal along 0 tu",.plonor tl,p
lite d"edlon 10 the d.p 01 loxolstrolo Or loll 01 maonfy of mo',c (do", tolored) mlnerols. ",riCKe
the lond .urloce.
REFERENCES
8r1ce, JC~ 1953, Geology 01 lowe' loke 115') CXtobe, 17, 1989 Col,lorn.o Depo"men' 01 Splllle'. T.E., ond Horp, EL~ compile.., 1989, Pre·
quod,ongle, Col,fo,noo Col,lo,nlO O,VIt,on 01 Conlervol.on. Div'lion of M,nel ond Geology I,mlnory mop 01 Iondsr.de leotu,es and co·
M'neo 8ullehn 166. 72 p.. 3 plates, tcole Open·F,le Report 89.29 lin preIS) le,~mlC fissu'el t,igge'ed by the Lomo PrIeto
162.500. Ilodb'uch. DH., and We.ler, LM., 1963, Prehml· eo,'hquoke 01 Oclobe, 17, 1989 Col,lorn,o
CoMornoo Oeportmenl of Conservohon. O,V'''O'' nory ,eport on londlhdes In a port of Ihe Deportmenl 01 (onse",ollon, O,v",<on 01
of MJ"et ond Geology, 1988. lo"cftllde Hor- O,indo Fo,mohon. Conlro COtlO Counly, Mine. ond Geology Open·flle Report 89·28,
o,d Ident,licohon f,og,om, An"uol Repon. Col,lo,nlo U.S. Geolog.col Survey Open.Flle Kole 14800 [in pressl.
8, Report, 49 p Swe, W" ond Dickinlon. WR_. 1970. Sed,mento-
Col,lo,"1O Deportmenl 01 Waler Resources. 1961. Ronlz, S E., 1971, Mean onnuol preclp,tOllon ond toon ond Ih'uston9 01 lole Me.ozo,c 'oxkl.n
C1eor loke·Coche C,uk botr" l"vetl>9OI>on preClpitohon depth-du,otlon.f'equency dolo the Coost Rongel neo, Cleo' loke, Colilorn,o
8ullelln 90. 265 p" 3 0PgendlCet, 55 lobles. for the Son F,onClKo 80y reg,on, (olilo,nlO Geolog,coI50c,ety of Arnerico 8ullel.n 81,
19 p1oles. U.S Geolog,col Survey. Son f,onClKo 80y no. I, p. 165·188, 8 figu'es.
JennIngs, C W, o"d Stro"d, RG~ 1960. Sonto Region Env"onment ond Resources Plonn.ng Toppozodo, TR., Parke, D,L., o"d HIggIns, CT.,
ROIO Shut Colllor",o DiviSIon of MIne. and Study 801M: 0010 Conl"buhon 32, 5 p. 1 1978, St,,~mlC<ty of Colllo'nio 1900_1931. (01-
Geology, GeologIC Allot of Cohlo,",o, Kole plote, Kole 1250,000 Ilo,n,o O,v't.on of M,nel ond Geology Spe·
1250,000 Reo1, C.R .• Toppozodo. TR.• ond Po,ke, 0 l. 1978, clol Report 135. 39 p
Keefer, 0 K.• 1984,lo"dlhdel couted by eorth- Eonllquoke epocenler mop 01 Co"'o,nlo- US 8u,eou of Lond Monogemenl, 1972(19751.
quakes GeologICal Soc, ely 01 Ameflco 8ulle· 1900 th'ough 1974 COMO'fllO Div'llon 01 Surloce monogement .'o'us, Heoldsbu'g
11n, v. 95, no. 4, p. 406·A21 Mlnel ond Geology Mop Sheet 39, scale quod,ongle, stole 1100,000.
lowso", A.c., ond othef'1. 1908, The Col,lo,,,io 1;1,000,000 US Geolog,col SUNey, 1985, CAlNET eorth.
eorthquoke 01 AprollB, 1906; Repon of Ihe Roge.., JD.. 1986, londll,de p,ocesses 01 Ihe qvoke doto (preltminoryl_
Stole Eorthquoke Inve.tlgot,o" Commluion, Eost 80y HoUI FIeld T"p Gu,debook 10< tile W.A.C Co,po,ot,on. 1984. block ond wh,te 0"
Co,negle Inllllule of Wosh'''gton Pubhcotlon 29th Annual Meellng 01 tl.e AISOC'OhOfl 01 photos. se"es WA(-84C, photos 4·80-
84. v I, ports I and II, 4S2 p., 01101. Eng,neerong GeologISts, Octobe, 5·10, 1986 4·83,6·83 - 6-86, 6·251- 6-254, 9·68
Lowlon, JE., 1956, Geology 01 Ihe north hall 01 Son f,ont<lto Auoc,ot,on 01 Eng,nee"ng - 9·72, 9·196 - 9-201, 10·52 - 10·5A, 11·
the Mo'gon Volley [15') quod,ongle, and Ihe Geolog..!s, 90 p 81 - 11-85, Kale 1 31,680
loulh holl of the Wilbu, Springl [15'1 quod- Ryme', MJ.. 1978, St'oh9'ophy 01 Ihe Coche for- Wogne,. DL. ond 80rtugno. E.J.. 1982. Sonto
,ongle Unpublished Ph,D. diSienolion. matIon !plooxene ond PlelSloceflef ,n Cleo' floso qvo,ongle D,v,sion 01 MIne. ond Geol-
Sloniord Unlve,Slty, 223 p., I plole. scole Loke be"n, Lake Coun!)', Cololo,",o U5 ogy, ReglOnol GeologIC Mop Senel 2A, scale
148,000, GeologICal Survey Open·file Repo,,78·924, 1250,000,
Monson, M.W., 19890, londshde hozo,d. ," the 109 p., I plole, Icole 1 24,000_ Wieczorek, GF., ond Keele" 0 K., 1987, forth-
e<ltle'n Cleo' Loke oreo, loke County, Col<- Ryme" M.J., 1981, S!rolo9roph,c ,ev,s,on 01 the quoke·troggered londt!ide at La Hondo, Col,.
for",o Cohforn,o Deporlment 01 Conse",o- Coche Fo,mohon (Phocene ond Ple'ltocenel. lo,n,o ,n HOOle, S.N, edlto" The MOfgon H,II.
t,on. Div,,,on of M,nes ond Geology Open. loke County, Col.lo,n,o US Geologicol Col,fo,n,o. eorthquoke 01 Ap,il 24, 1984 US
file Report 89.27 (Londslide Hozord Mop Survey 8ulleton 1502·C, 35 p GeologlCol S~",ey 8~lIehn 1639. p. 73.79
No. 16), 4 plates, Kol" 1-24,000 ScK,omento UnIon. 1906, (oche C,eek flood hal Winters Express, 19060, Took to the hlU~ - bIg
Monson, M.W., 1989b, londillde hazord. along o lesson _ people 01 Copoy Volley find out land srrde ,n Cache C'eek domt Ihe wole'
Coche Creek between Cleo' Loke ond Copoy Ihot prompt odion ,t needed ~nde' luch ci,. and tco,ellhe people Moy 4, 1906. p. 3
Volley, loke, Colvso. on<! Yolo counhes. Col,. cumtton<es Moy 10, 1906, p. 6 Winters Exp,ell. 1906b. Whol hoppened to
lorn,o Col,lo'nia Depo,tment of Conlervo· $coh, RG. 1970, Londlhdes In CCKhe Canyon Coche (reek - The greol dom goe~ out eOly
!>on, Div,..on of MInes and Geology Open. downllreom Irom the W,lson Volley Dom,,'es- ond nobody" h~rt - ,moll property lOll at
File Report 89·30 lLondil,de Hozo,d Mop Col.forn,o Deportmenl 01 WOler Re~ourcel. Ilumsey and loll 01 exc,tement oil olong the
No. 19), 124,000. Norlhern DIStrict, unpublIShed Memo,ondum ueek,Moy 11, 1906, p 1.
Monson, M.W., Kefe', OK" ond McK.""d. M.A~ Reporl, 28 p, 4 plotes, Wood/ond Do,1y Oemcx'ot. 1906. (oche C'eek
comp,lef'1. 1989, Prehmlnory ,econno,nonc:e $con, RG., 1971, 'I.e '06 Iandshd" on Coche loll. rop,dly _ cou.e unknown Woodland,
locollon mop 01 londshdes and othe' geo· C'eek (olltlroctl· AssoclOhon of Eng'nee"ng CA Woodland Dooly Democ,o" Moy 3, 1906,
logIC leotu,e. ,eloled to eorthquoke .hokIng GeologISts 14th Annuol Meellng, P'og,om pl_ ~
,n the Sonto Cruz Mounlolns, Col,lorn,o, 'e· ond Abllroctl, p. 35
lulling I'om Ihe Lama Prieto eorthquoke 01
INTRODUCTION
'\
Coullly. Since 1982. LLNL l>Ciel1li'l~
, Mil. .
10 15 20
have "onducted groond water 'Iudles
benealh the Slle al> an IIllep111 part of I i I I I
Iho: gcologit· 1O\'eStigallon.
....
Rod., e"po~eu in the region ~llrround
ing thi, ,ile lll'IY be cl;t~~ified into threc
general grollP~:
(I) Late ·!crtiary-Qllaternary. 5 million
year, ago (myal-Hol,x'ene - alluvium
and 'emi-('on'olidated ,edimenl~ of
mainly ('ontinental origin;
re('urring f;lulling lllld volcanic activity in thcM:: rcx:b ,Ire ~tfOngly deformed gmy-
thi, region (Figure 2; Table 1). The major The eonlarl between the Great V"Uey wac"e, grcen~tone, and chert. .... ith Ic~~er
Bay llrCa faull zone, influem:e the di,tri- Sequence and the underlying FmnciM'<ln alllLJunh of sh:lle and phyllite. The rocb
bution of the Tertiary roe"s within the Comple.~ is eon~idered to be:l falill. re- are Ilrk'nted ncarly "ert iclllly or dip
llrea. Numerou, faull~ eutlhe Tertillry ferred to as the Coast Range thrust (Dick- ~tecply 10 the north-northeast. OeclUse of
Structurol Relotion$hip$ '>Cdimenlar) rocL~ dip gently to moder- bedrock <;/,."<Jucnee dips tov.ard~ Corral
alely lhroughoutthe "lte except for lhe Hollow. North of Ihe ridge cre~l. bed" dip
The bedrod. ~lrueture al the site i, area ~)uthwe"l uf lhe CarnegIe fault al 1000ard Ihe northeast an a\lCrag~ of 10
dominaled by lhe Pallerson amicline. the <;()ulhwc'l parI of the ~lte \,\ here lhe degrees inlo lhe trough of a ,ub~ldlary
whIch trend, west·norlhwestleasl·SOUlh- orienlation of the beuT<l\:L -.cquence syncline thaI crosse<; the northe<lstern
caM where 1\ crosses lhe ccntr.l) portion r.lnge<; from ~~rt,c.sl 10 locall) mer- portion of lhe ~it~. The anticlinal <lnd
of the ~tudy area (Figure 3). The Terllary lUrneu. South of the anllehnal riuge. lhe synclinal axes plunge soulheast.
Bloc. Bune , 11.8 ThruSl fault, offsets Plell'ocene Tulare Formation. concealed by younger alluYium. No ear1hquake ep,cenler
data available.
Callahon
Corral Hollow
0.'
0.1
",., Zone 01 small faults. grades into Calc'le·cemenTed 10fnts WITh nO dilplocements. concealed by Iand'llide and
alluYlal depoltls. No olloc,a'ed selsm'Clly.
Offsellsyncline contaln,ng Pl,ocene strata 0.4 mIles right lateral. buried by alluYlal depo$itl w,th,n COffal
Hollow, PrOlecTed into Livermore Valley by early wor.ers. confined to area northeast of acti"" Greenville
fault by athefl. No assoc,aled SeISmICIty
Mldwoy 1.1 '.0 Reported to have offset of a PleIstocene eroSIon surlace a"oSl.t and calculaled low geologIC Iltp rOle of
0.05 mm/yr ba$ed on lhe obse.....ed offsel Thll is on order of magnItude tower Ihan $lip roles !hal have
be"'n eSllmaled lor aCllve faults olong lhe ealle.n ma'g,n of lhe Livermore·Amador Volley well of S,te 300,
and II two 10 three orders of mog""vde leSilhan lhe geolog.c $lip rOle lor the Son Andreol fault Iyslem A
few of .he diffu'e seISm,c ..... nts delec'ed by Ellswar1h and olhers. 1982, dum.g the peflod 1969_1981 we'e
centered near The MIdway laull No Slgnlficanl h,stonc eo"hquohs have be.n closely ossoclaled wl,h lhe
Mldwoy fault.
0.'
Poller$on Pall
T'ulo 0' "
18.0
Bedroc. fault WIth,n Altamont HIlls, NE lKle up No olloclO1ed leltmlclty
Separate. franCIscan Compl.... COfe of Ooablo Range Irom Gre01 Volley Sequence and younger rach ,n
Altomont Hills; probable remnanl 01 CoolIRonge lhrUlt Truncaled by oclrve Greenville fault at welt end;
IntersecllOn WIth oc/lve O"'9O'ilO loul, ollOUlheol1 end 1$ lhrough comple~ $e"el of foulll wllh varying ori·
en'allon$ and lectonic styles. Regorded 01 ochve but nat spatIally allocoated WIth earthq\lOke adlv,ty mani.
tored from 1969 10 1980.
Unnamed·· 0.' 51 Normal bedrac. fault wlll"n AI'amonl H,li" NE side up. cOl'>Cealed by olluv,al depoSlII 01 POllerson Pass
Rood. No a$socoale<! leismicity
·c.... ~ I;I~ R..... f,.I" --L..........s 1..11 ., S~o "10 ... .I1... ~'<oc<lI.. 'M k" • ..J ... _ """.I I. r.t>k I
• °Th" I t, " .IlftO".' r",,,, I.....,l nIC<I t.._" ot S~. 'OlI
\"
...,,"'" -:(
..
.....
..,....
.......
".
,. L!!!' i<"
..~
-00.0
T
-2 I(m !!"." I(m po Tpo 7
•"- ""
..t. ~ ~- '"""
•Y-:i,,-'-...!~'N')::: '"~~!i:::::;'~f.k~i;.
':: ~
' ' -!6;'
"._' ';::-,,,,"~.._
·!'~·!"~I-;..;;!=-:r..~"~-;",·!::-;.-:~\";";''''";-..,~;;;?:;;iii··~·i·-;';':
.,__ "__ "__ .' ...._ .,""_ ..,.,.",00;,.. "... _..,'!"~f:_-;~;';"1J..",!.~¢:>';;~',7,::''';;''::!''''''''
" ..._ ,'....... '1.1,._ "."'''' " ...._
,,-----,',-"'--------------------------------------,"
"", EKPlANAT'ON
~
}
Allwlum Contod
Holocene -------------------------------------------
@U Landsl,de deb". Do.hod where g'(IdohonoJ or oppro,,,motely located
Quaternory Fault _
I Q~ I Old". oll\IYjum _ -,;;;.
~ U r ••••••••••••
@D
~
Tulare FormatIon
Nonmanne
} Ple,slocen"
~ D'
Do,hed where ,nlerred; doned where concealed. quefled whe'e e~lsr·
ence doubtful; double arrows Indicote IInke·ll,p movement, U-
~
ledimentary rocks
Neroly FormOllon
}
Pliocene upth,own IIde. D ~ down. thrown SIde, 'elotlyely.
Ax .. of fold
-- -- -- -- -- ---- --
+ - - - - - - _ ont,cl,ne
~
~
Gerbo Form<;lIIon
'edo Formor,on
M>oce"e Tertlory
--------------------t-- sync~ne
Arrow on aXI, IndtCate. d"eetlOn 01 plunge
l
~ Moreno lhale St,i~e ond dIp ol,t'ata
'<..5 ,ndined '<. indined :'5l. oyerlurned
u"'~ 'D
~
IT]
PonCKhe Formo~o"
F,onC'Kon Complex
C,e'oceou.
(Grear Volley
Sequence) }
J",,,,,.
CrellKeou,
'. 1
t,' Ie
(app,oxlmote]
9 ...
,
f,gure 3. Topogroph,c and geologIC mop of S,te 300 and geologIC «OSHec"on AA-AA (modified from C,bbl. ., 19800, Raymood, 1969, and Robe' ond
Ca,penter, 19831, U.S. GeoloQtCol Su ....ey quodrooQles (Ceda, Motlnto,n,lone I'ei! Creek, M>dway. Teslo, ond I'ocyl_
deposllS In a location 31.-ross the Carnegie Priolo ACI (Slate of California. 19721. stone" that COlhlllutc the lOIOoer portion of
fault did not re\eal any features to Indi~ Map faulls of the San Andreas s)stcm the Ncrol} f-ormation. and a deeper. con-
haw rcccntl)·actl\e sc1!menl\ In thc Bay fined aqulfe~ that currentl) prO\ ides the
-,...
os« ,"""" area; the nearest of these to Site 300 IS ....-ater suppl~ for the LlNL faelht)
Gutnik, Mortin J., 1980, How to do 0 leience projecl and report Fronklin 800th, Jerry, 1988, The big bealt book: dino.ours and how they gollhol
Waus Inc., New York, 63 p. An excellenl discul"an of Ihe IcienTific way. Brown Bag ,e"es: Liule, 8rown and & Company, Bo.ton, 117 p.
melhod An inlrod"ction 10 dina lOurs wilh in.truction. for related project•. For
Loiry. William, 1983, Winning wilh Icience: loiry Publishers, Sorasolo. elementary grades
Florida. A gu,de for junior and .enior high Ichool Sludents ,nvolved ,n MocFolI, Russell P., and Wollon, Joy C, 1983, 2nd edir,on, Foss,l. for omoleurs:
science fair competitionl. Liltl programl Igranls, Iripl, and employment) a guide to collecting and preparing invertebrate lossil.: Von No,trand
available in lhe Uniled States and abroad. Reinhold, New York, 374 p. General diSCUlSion of poleonlolagy, plul
Nal,onal Science leochers Associat,on, 1985, Science fairs and proillcts: gu,delines for p1onn,"9 fiekllnps; u.;ng topographIC and geological mop.;
Washington, D.C. A collection 01 artides orig,nolly published ,n Science and collection, pre poring. deoning, catolog,ng, and di,ploying lo"ils.
and Child,en and SCIence Teache. Moody. Richard. 1986, Fo"as: how 10 lind and identify over 300 genera.
Saul. Wendy, ond Newman, Alan R., 1986, Sc,ence fore: on illustrated gu,de Macmillan Publi.hing Compo ny, New York. 1986, 192 p. Step·by-.tep
and catotog 01 toys, books, and octivities for kids: Harper & Row approach to 10",1 colllKl,"g. High schoolleve!.
Publoshers Inc., New York. Coverage indude, museum programs and Ici- Rydell. Wendy, 19B4, D,scove"ng fo"ill: Troll Publishers. Mawhon, New Jer-
ence lairs and compelitions. A guide de,igned for leochers and porent, .ey, 32 p. S"mmanZel how man first come 10 understand the importance
who adVISe ,tudents. of 10",1. and how scienlists dole lo"il, and identify mOlChing rock layers.
Science act,vitie,. quarterly pe"odicot, v. 1. June 1969 to datil: Hllld,lIf Describes how to lind lo"il" the 1001. lhot will be needed, and how 10
Publtcahon" 4000 Albermale Street, NW; Wa,hinglon. D.C. 20016 identify fossils thai are found.
A ,ource of expe"ments, &xploralion, and prolect. ,n the biological,
phYlical, ond behavioral.c'ence'. ROCKS AND MINERALS
Science lair project index, 1981·1984, 1986, edited by Cynth,o B..hop and
Deborah Crow&: Scarecrow Press, Metuchen, New 1e"ey, 686 p. A sub· Brown, V,n,on, Dov,d, Allan, and Stork, Jomel, 1987, Rocks and mineral. of
IIKI index to books and magoz,nel lor student. and teoche.. covenng Colilornio. Jrd ed,lion, Nal"regroph P"blt.~ers Inc., Happy Camp, Col,·
earthquake., volcanoes, erosion,lossil., glocie... rocks, sond, and ,lap&1 fornio Pravide. inlormolmn On rock and mineral collechng. Quadrangle
lphylicalgeology). mops .haw,ng rock and minerollocarions are ,nclvded. High school level.
Tocci, Salvatore, 1986, How to do a science 10" prolect: franklin Wanl Inc. Fichter, George S., 19B2, Rod. and mineral.: Random Ho"se Inc., New
New York. 128 p. hcellent information on chOOSIng a topic, doing York.tdent,fie. cOmmOn rocks and minerals. Early elemenlary grade.
library releorch, wril,ng a science reporl, and presenhng lhe prolect. Gon., Ramo, 1984, Rod collecling' Thoma, Y. Crowell and Compo ny, NISW
York.lllu.lroted book on rock colle Cling. Eony elementary grade•.
GENERAL EARTH SCIENCE Gilbert, MJriam, 1971, The science·hobby book 01 rock, and minerals: Lerner
Pubhcahons, M,nneopolil, Minnesota, 47 p. Tip. on ,Iorage and record
Chollond, Helen, 1982, Act,v,tie. in Ihe earth SC,enCe.: Childrens Press, keep,ng for a collect,on 01 rocks and m,neral•. Grode, 6 I~ro"gh h,gh
Chicogo, Illinois, 93 p. A book 0178 ..mple octivilie. that demon,trote school.
earth science concepls. Grode. 5 and up. Kindle., Coral E., 1986. Dig ii, a dIChonory of fee·bom rock colilScl,ng .ite.
Cvoncara, Alan M., 1985, A lield manual for the amateur geolog"t, 1001, open to omote".., 71~ edil;on, C.E. Kindler Company, Philadelphia, PA.
and ochiliel lor exploring our planet: Prentice·Holllnc., Englewood J8 p. Desc"be...Ie. w"ere colleclors can ~unr lor rock. and minerai.
Cliffs, New Jersey. 258 p. Teoche. how to observe and .nterpret rocks. for a fee, incl"del "'e. in Coliforn,o
Mops, mu.eum., and geologic feature. 01 not, anal pork, are ,ncluded McGowen, lorn, 1981, Album 01 rock. and minerals: Rand McNally Corn·
High schoollhrough odull readers. pony, Chicago. Delailed d"cu",on 01 55 m,nerol •. lIIu.traled relerence
sechon. G.ode. 4·7
Garon, Marri., 1967, Experimenral earth sciences: Howard W. Sam. &
Podendorl, 11I0, 19B2 Roch and mineral.: Ch,ldrenl Press, Chicago, 1982.
Company, Indianapolis. Indiana. Sixty .imple experimenl' illu.rrare ba.,c
InlroduCl,on 10 Ihe formal,on and ,denr,licot,on 01 a varIety of rock. and
principles 01 meleorology, oceanography, and geology.
m,nerol•. Early elementary grade•.
lambert, David, 1981, Act,ve earth: lorhrop lee, and Shepord Books. New
lenn,,,en, Anthony, 1971. Colorful m,"eral ,denl,lier: Sterling Publi.h,ng.
York. homlne. the 10rce.thoT have .haped earth. Include. ochit,e. and
New York. A baSIC introduchon to m,nerology. Can be u.ed to qUICkly
experimen15.
ident,ly common m,nerol,. Gradel 10 and up
lambert, David, and the D,agram Group, 1988, Field gu,de 10 geology
Focls on File Inc., New York, 256 p. An excellent basic reference ra rhe MISCELLANEOUS
lield 01 geology. Comprehensive ,n coverage and h'ghly illu.traled to
help readers quickly grOlp concepts. Cooper. Elizabeth K., 1970, Science in your Own backyard: Harcourt, 8roce
Soolin, Harry, and Soohn, Lauro. 1965, Thll young expe"menter'. won:· & World, Inc. New York, 192 p Incl"des .ecttons on lossils, ,0,1 and
book, treOlure. of the earth: W,W, Norton & Compony, New York. 59 p. rocks, water, otmo.phere o. well 01 flowers, graSl, and snails.
More rhan 50 experiments "sing .imple, ,nexpen.ive equ,pmenr are S.mon, Seymour, 1982, How 10 be a space S"lSnt"t ,n your own home: J,8
pre,enled. Grode. 2 thro"gh 6. L,pp,ncotT Compony, New York. A collect,on 0124 expe"menh ""ng
Slone, Harris, and Ingmon.on, Dole, 1969, Rock and rills: a look 01 geology ,nexpen.ive mOleriol•. Grode. 9·12.
Prenllce·Hall Inc., Englewood Cliff., New Jersey, 70 p. Pre.ents article' S,man, Seymour, 1988, How to be on ocean scienllsl in your own home
and exerCISe, on varying o.pects of geology: geology and chemlSlry, J,B. lipp,ncon Compony, New York. InformaT,on on Ilem. ,uch O. how 10
melt" abra,ion, permeability, and superimpOltrion, poro.ily, and make Ire.h waler Irom <eowoter, lime and tide., making wove. ,n Ihe
hydrol,on. balhtub, and mak,ng wove, in on oquari"m.
Taylor, Fronk D., and Artuso, Allred A, 1989, hplor;ng Our env"onmenl, Updegraff, Imlllda, and Updegraff, Rober!, 1980, Eorthq"okes and volcon·
science tasks: love Publi.hing Compony, Denver, Colorado, Section. on oel; Penguin 800ks. New York Examine. Ihe cou.e. and effects 01
rocks.•oil., mineral" and falSi Is, as well as on 0", eleclricily, heal, lighl, earthquake, and volconoe,.tncl"de. a leclion of I,mple experiments
so"nd and water, and OCh,he•.
lyler, Ro,e, and Ames, Gerold, 1970, Secrets ,n .tone: Four Winds Press, Updegraff. Imelda, and Updegraff, Roberr, 1980, R,vers and lake" Pengu,n
New Yon:. Inlormoloon on the compo,ition of .Iones, C'V"ol., and Bookl, New York. Sections on I,mple experiments and ocl,v'tie•. Elemen.
h"nl,ng lor fo,,,t•. tory grades,. Compiled by Mary ff_BdOllr. ~
1990
'"
CALIFORNIA GEOLOGY May
Significant Earthquakes
1989
A llhough the magnitude 7.1 LOIII;L
Pneta canhqualc that 'lrucl-the
Sama (ru," 1I.lollnlain~ of California on
rhe ~tmnp."llremordnd lhc only
"grc;.l1" c;lfIhquale recorded during
1989 \la, a magnllude It] c:lrthqu:lkc 1111
cal Sur\ey loe:llC' from 10.000 to 12.000
caflhqu:tle~ per )'ear \lhlch h:we magni-
tude, of ah\)ul 1,0 to 8,0 IIr morc. Sevcral
October 17. [989. made cit'l.en, of the \1:1) 23 In the Suuth P:tcific ncar the million earlhquakc~ (x'cur cach )'ear. bUI
L'mlcd SI:lLC\ parliclllarl~ eunhqualc .... n· \lJt:quaric hlal1lh aooul midway betwccn rnll~l arc ~o ~m:l1J or (x'cur in ~och remOle
'line. then: \lcre actuatt~ .. llghtl~ fcllocr Au,trJlia and Ant;lI'\:trc:I A gre:ll earth- :HC:l' Ihal they lire undetccted b) even lhe
'Ignirlcant carlhquakc~ .... orfd\\idc Junng qU;lke l~ one wllh ,I magnitude of B.O or nUN ,cnSlti\e in~trumcn". Data lin cllrth-
1989 than the ;l\cragc of the pa" [\It) l:lrger. Prror to Ihl' Iremor III lhe Suulh quake, prO\ide~ informallOn for U'-C 0)
u,:cadc\ I'acilic, JI month, lall'cd wllhoul a grC:lI carlh <,<:ienli!>l!> III fcdcrill. 'laIc, and local
e;lrlhqual.... gmernl1lcnl~. :lnd prrvale Indu!>lr) 10
1;lfl~.II\C \Ignlficum carthqu:tl;c, "cre ~luJ) eau'-C~, occurrence, and rcduclllln
recorded throughout the \lurid durlllg U!>lll,!t d:lla rmm 'l'I'llmgraph 'tatltm, oflhc hazards of carthqllake~ U.S
1'J1l9 Thl\ number.\ ,jx 1cs, 'him the throughoulthe \lurid. the U,S. Gelliogi- Gf'oloXi,(I! SlIn'f'\ -"nt's Re!etlf('.
\Igmficanl earthquake' fcpuTted in 1981L
Since the J970, \\ hen {'omprchcn'lvc
rcconl-kccpll1g ho:gan. about 60 ...ignific:mt
carthqualc\ h:J\c Ix:currcd "at'h year. 011
Ihe ;l\a:lgc. A \Ig1llfkill11 carlhquillc i\
une Ih1l1 ro:gl\[;,'r, at lca-t 6.5 Rkhll'r
magnnudc or a ..limiter magnlludc lhal
C;Ill'C' ca,u:IIIIC' or clJn~ider.tble d~mage
KCt)'oh gre PQpo,tlor croft on the nv<l' PhotOI courte')' of Eric Peocn, PARe.
P WleC( AmeTlc~n It'\.:r Canyun, I' a nun r~fl"r,. The ean)unland, arc nch ,n h"I<I')
pwfll. c<locallunal (lr~~nIlall"n h3>("U In Au- Jlld '" ddMe
Tllh Ai\lI:IHCAN RIVER N"nh. ,\lId· burn. California, n("ar the c~n)(lnlanu~ (If the WrlHcn ur I:'HnplkJ.! from many \uuree"
dle. & South Furl.' \\I,men ..nd cdllcd b) AmerK;,n R,ver II ,"J~ rounded In Ihe 1970- lite "'I:I I'Hl~ uf Ihe buuk de,erlbe Ihe unll.Jue
Slcph:m,c Manlkl. 01" \\Iullan. Terry 10 pre'enc tile nalUrdl and (uhurdl hcnla~c nJlur.ll re""uree, oflhe rI'...,r"anlllll~ Th"
Wrl~llI. Em: Peach. Stan PadillJ. and Illlll'f' of the Amcm'an R'H" canyon' area I' Ih" 'lie ,)( imernalwnal e'''''Ill' - Ihe
198" I'rule'"l Al1lnlcan R,"cr Can)OIh Thl' Amerlcan R"cr,~ an ("a"ly ac<:c",'blc lh" Cup IJur"" Race and Ihe We\l<lrn Siale,
II'ARC}. Il(l~ 9.112. Auhurn. CA 9S6O-J. ",ldcrnc~\ fUf hiler,. Jtlt:gcr\, hon.cb<l.1. 11X1-nllk Run - "'hK"h allra,"1 hundred, "f
Sl-l YS. pave.IMc\.. Tide". mUUnlJln b,ler,. antl "hlle "aler ,,~fl"'I"~IlI' and lhou'~nd~ of 'pecl~l"r,
The lr:lIh \CCIIl.Hl pro\lde' II1forl11~ll0n abuul
IrJII, and Ihelr <'cell"r)". h"h.ncal \lll.",
< hloltlg":al dl\'Cr'Il). and !""ul,,!,,)
A mlk-h)-mlle gUld" Itl lhe rJpld, and
I,
rut:\..) of thl' Ihrl'l' fnr\.., oflh.. r1\l'r pr<l'
\Cnt<ld III the !>C"ond »Cl-llun Thl' 1!eol,,~y "I
,h" ar"a I' l'mpha'l,,,d Thl' N'lflh I·orl. "f
Ih" A mai,'an R""l'r I) dl''>Cnbe<.J a, J "" lid
rl'er "'hid can he run b) rJrl. ,'an"e, or
lapl. 111 '" IIlter lind 'pnn!! "" hen ",alcr f1,,,,,
e~c<led, 900 cubIC f"cl per "'HlIld Ilcauly
and d:lngcr" pnll11I'Cd In Ih" Mlddll' hnl.
The Soulh I'url. "de\.(.'nbcd a, onc uf Ihe
m'''1 pupular rit'c" IIllhe "e,1 fur raftlllg
SlOrle, and ,ong' ff<)111 N:lIIW AmerKall'
:lnJ frum Ih" Ilold ru,h cra Jr" prc'Cnl.. d In
Ihe Ihml 'Cl:llOn The fln:ll '1:'1:1 Inn on r""cr
ec"lollY ,laIc' lhatlhe \Cllelm1tm "Ihe r.:,ult
uf pa'l Jynallll<: chanlle, of ~·lllnalc. 10M'
mphy. geoh'IlY. anJ h'''11C [:lctor" ,oeh a'
'OIl COI111',,)III0I1 DetaIled Informallun"
prOt Ided un Ihe planl and animal life Ihal
ahuund, In Ihl' are:1
l'hOlUl"raph" mal". and ,I.eldle, arC IrIlcr·
,pcr'Cd throughoul Ihe b"ul. Tllc Informa·
lion pmvidcd "" Ithln Ihc t'<)II"nc '" III IIdp :Ill
The Western Stolel lOO·mlle Run;1 rouled olong Ihe MIddle Fori; Amerlcon R,vet" Runnen negotlotethe 10 unl.kT\land :lnd appr"e':'lc Ih.. beauly :U1J
Greenwood B"dge ford dUring hIgh woler flow In thOl $Cene re'lIUH'e, ofthc American Itt""r
• -
•
,
MOine Bar, 1858. Miners loilto e~lroCl gold w,th pock, .hovel, and wheelbarrow alongside the "hurdy-gurdy," 0 plocer mining dev,ce. This placer
mln,ng .,Ie,~ on Ihe Middle Fork Americon R,ve.. . .. more book reviews
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8ULlETINS
STOR'I\\AT£R Dl:.il:.'T10l\ fa'!' [)Q,ln· _ _ 5207 Geology 01 CoLiOlnoa canllMflto! mor,... 1987 S 1500
I~C. "'aler Qualll). and CSO \Ianafl.'tMnl _ _ 5208Zeoa..s on Colilomoa.. 19881_1 "00
Ii) Pl:ll.'r Stahle: and Ben Crona' 1990 Prell-
lice Ihll. l',enllce HJlll~ulldlntt. I.nflt.... ood SPECIAL REPORTS
Cliff,. NJ 07632 3Jll p. hard c~r _ _ SR1J2 Mtnerolland clollflic:ohOll portland c _ 1 concr.'e·grade aggregate ,n th.
Yuba Clty·Moryt",ne ptoducl'O<HOIlwmpllOll <eglOn. 1988 (_) 5 8.00
In Ihe la'i 25 )'car, 'Iorm"alcr mana!;cmcn' _ _ 5RIJ6 MU'lllhd,ng and mudflows of Wnghtwood, Son 5ernordu.o CO\Inty. 1979 5 100
till' becumc un I(llpl'rlanl pafl of walel re- _ _ 51/155 510bll<zahon ollondll!del eHedlol yo"o..s chemICols on Ihe Ioboratory
'\lURe, eRlllnC,'rlnl! anJ nlanagclllcnt In the sheor strenglh of on ewponllY.~, 19B. 5 J 2S
1'>110.. Ihree conccrn~ emerged - ,Iurm",llcr _ _ 5RI56 M,n.ralland clali,IKOltOn 01 portlond c.menl concr.'e·grode agg.egale
quall1~. the development of rnmhcnHlllclil Socrom.nto.Four..ld 1988 (n.w) 51800
model, Itl "muble ~lOrm"alcr. and the U'>C _ _ SRI 58 M,n.rallat>d dOIS,lic:ahon oggrego•• ft'I<I"nol"n Itl. Fresno
of Uclcnllon 'IOr.I!!C DclcnllOl1 'lor.ljlC plan- produc:hon·COllwmphon r"9lOn. 1988 (new) 51000
"mil and Ik~ll!n In\olvC') til dl.'tcnllon of _ _ SRI59 Mln.ralland CIa."fN:atI01l aggregal. matenok 1ft .... Palm Spnngs
(Iood "iller and 1211hc trealment oflhc qual- ptoduc:'IOn-COnIUmpllOn 'eg,OIl 1989(_)
n) \.( '1('1\'",,,,:11«\ When pl"OfK'rl) applied, _ _ SRI6J s..rfoc. ond groundwat•• ft'l<lnoge ......, 1ft wrioc. mlMd-land.edomahon.
,\0.. m",31(r maul!rmcnl can rc-dl,l<;c lilt ad- 19891_) , 1000
'tr~ ImJIXb of :ICl."clcr.llcd )Iorm... atcr lun-
off from lImanllcd l:ands b) sJO'Io Inll lhe REGIONAl GfOPHYSlCAl MAP SERifS (scale 1250.000)
ruooff and b) U'fnO\ ,nl! polhmlnl' from _ _ Mop No ID ....romognelK map of !he Soc._to quadrangle. 1988 '600
urban rul'Mlff ~_ Mop No 10 ~nelK mop of !he Sonta Roso quodrongle 1988 .600
Tt\l~ '(lllalll(' prC'Stnb the 1M«) .. nd pr3(- _ _ Mop No .DAerontognelK mop 01 the Weed qo,oodra• . 19B8 '600
IKC of U~lnJ! lklcnllon !>lonp- In ~tl... m"llIC'
mlln1l~mcnl It I~ d1\ Mkd Into four ~nlOll~ CAlIFOlNIA CONTINENTAL MARGIN GEOLOGIC MAP SERifS (scole 1250.000)
• I) JlC" of ~tonJ!c fXlln K"i. flcoto K~ulltlOtl. _ _ Mop No • Geology of .....th-c.nt.al Colilornoa con""'.nto! mor",n. 19871_1 5 IS.OO
c"lmlllln~ !>lon~c \olumc'. and )torm""lcr _ _ Mop No 6 Geology 01 north-centro! Co~lomIO (onl1,...,101 morg,n, 19871_1 51500
qUllhl) cnh""Cemenl The bool. "11' .. rmen
for the prat'tKlRj! cnJ!tnter. \lorm"'1I1e, m<ln CAliFORNIA GEOlOGY
agel. or I ) I ll':\lboot< III urban \torm"'"te, _ _ I yeo. (12 "wesl S 1000
cn~1ncennJ! ~ _ _ 2 yeon(2' nwesl 52000
_ _ Iloc. _ (Spooly yo!ume and ft'I<InthJ Ind...<dual 'lwei 5100 eoch 5 100
11.
CALIfORNIA GEOlOGY
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STATE OF CAl.f'(R<AA SIECOND ClASS POSTAGIE PAID
THE RESOJRCES AGENCY AT SACRAMIENTO. CALIFORNIA
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CALIFORNIA GEOLOGY
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Map No.6. Geology oflkt' Norlh- Callfornia.Qrcgon border and from the
CAliFORNIA CONTINENTAL MARGIN
GEOLOGIC MAPS Centr.al California Contl~ntal MargIn. California. coostll~ west 10 lne edge of
Arc~ 6 (of se'o~n ar~). 4 ~celS folded the: conllnenla.1 margin. The DlViston of
CALIFOR IA CONTINE.'lTAL In ~n\'~Jope SIS 00 MII'IO and GeoIog:y. the CalJfornla
MARGI GEOLOGIC MAP SERIES. Coosl31 CommISSKWl. and the U,S Ge0-
EdUl'<l b) H.G. Greene and M P Ken- The DI\ ISIOO of Mmcs and Geolog) has logical SUf\'q' coopcrntcd 10 lhe: prcpal1ll-
ned)', 1987. PlanmlClric map shcel". released Map No.4 and Map No.6 of the lion of these maps.
~ale 1:250.000. Cahfornlll Contmenlal Margin Gcologlc
f.'lap !>Cries, Map Nos, 1.2. al1d 3 111 thiS The .-.even-part series is a refcrence for
Map No.4, Geology of South CelllrJI ~T1e" ha\'c been released pre\ lou~ly. The e",pIOT:llionis15. planners. and de\'dopcr~
Cahforn13 COni menta] M3rgm, Area. 4 <.erie~ ConSISb of scwn offshore maPli 'II a Intercsted 10 the gcological. geophysical.
(of se'o~n areas) 4 sheeb folded In en\'C- scale of 1250.000. The area CO\'ffCd IS and 'iClsmological aspcc15 of lhe Califor-
lope. SI5.oo. from the Cahfornia-Mc\ICO bonkr to the ma conllnenlal maf];10 Each Ofl~
~~n ma.ps 1lo111 conlaln foor plates
............................................... - . II) gcxIIO@:). (2) carlhquale ~ter!> and
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