Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Tenses Examples
Simple Lan cleans the floor every morning.
present --> The floor is cleaned by Lan every morning.
Simple Nam broke the glasses.
past --> The glasses were broken by Nam.
Present The pupil is not doing some exercises.
continuous --> Some exercises are not being done by the pupil.
Past Mother was cooking dinner at 6 yesterday.
continuous --> Dinner was being cooked by mother at 6 yesterday.
Present The secretary has just finished the report.
perfect --> The report has just been finished by the secretary.
Past The boy had found the key before 9 yesterday.
perfect --> The key had been found by the boy before 9 yesterday.
Simple Mr. Brown will not teach our class.
future --> Our class will not be taught by Mr. Brown.
Time is gold.
Thôøi gian laø vaøng.
Baøi 3: SÖÏ HOAØ HÔÏP GIÖÕA CHUÛ TÖØ VAØ ÑOÄNG TÖØ
I- Nhöõng tröôøng hôïp ñoäng töø chia daïng soá ít:
Neáu chuû töø thuoäc caùc tröôøng hôïp sau thì ñoäng töø chia daïng soá ít.
1) Danh töø ñeám ñöôïc soá ít hoaëc danh töø khoâng ñeám ñöôïc:
- Mary lives in China.
- Milk is my favorite drink.
2) Danh töø taän cuøng baèng “S” mang nghóa soá ít:
news, mathematics (maths), economics, linguistics, politics, statistics,
physics, phonetics, aerobics, athletics, gymnastics, measles, mumps, rickets,
diabetes, the Philippines, the United States, …
- The news is interesting.
3) Ñaïi töø baát ñònh:
every/any/no/some + body/one/thing
- Someone is kbocking at the door.
4) Meänh ñeà baét ñaàu baèng THAT/WHAT/WHERE/WHEN… hoaëc cuïm töø
baét ñaàu baèng TO V/V-ing:
- That you get high marks does not surprise me.
- To master English is not easy.
- Growing flowers was her hobby when she was young.
5) Töø chæ thôøi gian, khoaûng caùch, tieàn baïc, ño löôøng, theå tích:
- Eight hours of sleep a day is enough.
- Five kilometers is not a long distance.
Khi ñoäng töø chính trong meänh ñeà tính töø ôû theå BÒ ÑOÄNG.
Ex: The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting.
---> The books written by To Hoai are interesting.
Most students who were punished last week are lazy.
---> Most students punished last week are lazy.
1.3 Duøng (FOR + O) TO V:
Ex: This is the hotel where we can stay.
---> This is the hotel (for us) to stay.
VII- Meänh ñeà traïng töø:
1) Meänh ñeà traïng töø chæ nôi choán:
where (nôi, choã) hoaëc wherever (baát cöù nôi naøo)
Ex: He told me where he had seen the money.
I will go wherever you go.
2) Meänh ñeà traïng töø chæ theå caùch:
as (nhö), as if/as though (nhö theå)
Ex: We should do as our teacher tells us.
She looks as if she’s going to cry.
* Söï vieäc khoâng coù thaät ôû hieän taïi
as if/as though + S + WERE/V2/ed
Ex: He looked at me as if I were mad.
* Söï vieäc khoâng coù thaät ôû quaù khöù
as if/as though + S + had + V3/ed
Ex: He ran as if he had seen a ghost.
3) Meänh ñeà traïng töø chæ nguyeân nhaân / lyù do:
because, since, as (bôûi vì)
Ex: She sold the car because she needed some money.
* So saùnh because vaø because of:
BECAUSE + S + V BECAUSE OF + V-ing/N/N phrase
Ex: I’m late because I’m sick. I’m late because of being sick.
I’m late because of my sickness.
4) Meänh ñeà traïng töø chæ muïc ñích:
so that/in order that (ñeå) + S + (can/could) + V
Ex: She wants to stay here so that she can perfect her English.
5) Meänh ñeà traïng töø chæ thôøi gian:
when (khi), as (khi/trong khi), while (trong khi), after (sau khi), before
(tröôùc khi), until/till (cho tôùi khi), since (töø khi), as soon as (ngay khi),
whenever (baát cöù khi naøo), no sooner … than/ hardly … when (vöøa môùi … thì)
Ex: When it rains, I usually go to school by bus.
We should do a good deed whenever we can.
* Ñaûo ngöõ vôùi no sooner … than/ hardly … when (xem Baøi 1, III, 3)
* KHOÂNG duøng thì TÖÔNG LAI trong meänh traïng töø chæ thôøi gian.
I’ll tell you the news when I will come.
* Thì cuûa ñoäng töø trong MÑ chính vaø MÑ traïng töø chæ thôøi gian:
Meänh ñeà chính Meänh traïng töø chæ thôøi gian
- Present - Present
- Past - Past
- Future - Present
6) Meänh ñeà traïng töø chæ keát quaû:
- so + adj/adv + that … (quaù … ñeán noãi …)
Ex: The coffee is so hot that I can’t drink it.
- such (+ a(n)) + adj + Noun + that … (quaù … ñeán noãi …)
Ex: It was such a hot day that we stopped playing.
They are such interesting books that I want to buy them all.
- so + many/much/few/little + Noun + that … (quaù nhieàu/ít…ñeán noãi…)
Ex: There are so many people in the room that I feel tired.
7) Meänh ñeà traïng töø chæ söï nhöôïng boä:
though/although/even though (maëc duø) + S + V
Ex: Though he looks ill, he is really strong.
* LÖU YÙ:
- in spite of/despite (maëc duø) + V-ing/N/N phrase
Ex: In spite of having little money, they always enloy themselves.
(Although they have little money, they always enloy themselves.)
- in spite of/despite + the fact that (maëc duø) + S + V
Ex: Despite the fact that they have little money, they’re always happy.
- no matter where = wherever (duø baát cöù ñaâu)
Ex: No matter where you go, you need to have friends.
Diligence is the mother of success.
Coù coâng maøi saét coù ngaøy neân kim
Baøi 9: DANH ÑOÄNG TÖØ VAØ ÑOÄNG TÖØ NGUYEÂN MAÃU COÙ “TO”
I- DANH ÑOÄNG TÖØ: (Gerund)
Ex: She enjoys listening to music.
V + V-ing (Gerund)
Moät soá töø/ñoäng töø sau ñaây caàn coù V-ing theo sau:
* enjoy (thích, thöôûng thöùc), finish (hoaøn thaønh), postpone (trì hoaõn),
avoid (traùnh), keep (vaãn coøn), practise (thöïc haønh), miss (boû lôõ), be/get used to
(quen vôùi), spend (tieâu xaøi, traûi qua), allow/permit (cho pheùp), advise (khuyeân),
recommend (ñeà nghò, khuyeân baûo), give up (töø boû, ñaàu haøng), suggest (ñeà nghò),
deny (töø choái), consider (xem xeùt), quit (rôøi boû), dislike (khoâng thích), like
(thích), can’t help (khoâng theå khoâng), …
* it’s no use/good (khoâng lôïi ích gì), would you mind (baïn coù phieàn)
* worth (ñaùng, ñaùng ñöôïc), busy (baän roän)
II- ÑOÄNG TÖØ NGUYEÂN MAÃU COÙ “TO”:
Ex: I want to learn English well.
V + TO V
Moät soá ñoäng töø sau ñaây caàn coù to V theo sau:
want (muoán), expect (mong chôø, kyø voïng), refuse (töø choái), hope (hy
voïng), decide (quyeát ñònh), agree (ñoàng yù), plan (döï ñònh), would like (muoán),
like (muoán), fail (thaát baïi, hoûng), learn (hoïc), afford (coù ñuû khaû naêng/ñieàu kieän),
manage (xoay sôû), choose (choïn löïa), demand (ñoøi hoûi, yeâu caàu), prepare
(chuaån bò), pretend (giaû boä), promise (höùa), seek (tìm kieám), threaten (ñe doaï),
train (ñaøo taïo, huaán luyeän), wish (ao öôùc), …
III- TO INFINITIVE OR GERUND?
1) Moät soá ñoäng töø coù V-ing hoaëc TO V theo sau khoâng laøm thay ñoåi nghóa:
begin/start (baét ñaàu), continue (tieáp tuïc), hate (gheùt), can’t bear (khoâng
chòu ñöôïc), intend (döï ñònh), love (yeâu thöông), prefer (thích…hôn), hesitate (do
döï), …
2) Moät soá ñoäng töø coù V-ing hoaëc TO V theo sau laøm thay ñoåi nghóa:
- stop + to V: döøng laïi ñeå laøm
Ex: I stop to eat lunch.
(Toâi döøng laïi ñeå aên tröa.)
- stop + V-ing: döøng haønh ñoäng ñang laøm
Ex: You should stop smoking.
(Baïn neân boû huùt thuoác.)
Moät soá danh töø trong tröôøng hôïp naøy laø ñeám ñöôïc nhöng trong tröôøng hôïp
khaùc laïi khoâng ñeám ñöôïc.
Ñeám ñöôïc Khoâng ñeám ñöôïc
a glass (moät caùi li) glass (thuûy tinh)
two papers (hai tôø baùo) paper (giaáy)
three coffees (ba taùch caø pheâ) coffee (caø pheâ)
two sugars (hai muoãng ñöông) sugar (ñöôøng)
II- Tính töø:
2) Vò trí cuûa tính töø:
6.1 Tröôùc danh töø:
Ex: She is a beautiful girl.
6.2 Sau danh töø:
g) Chæ söï ño löôøng, tuoåi taùc:
Ex: This table is two meters long.
He’s twenty years old.
h) Tính töø coù tieáp ñaàu ngöõ “a”:
asleep (ñang nguû), ablaze (buøng chaùy), alight (böøng saùng), awake
(thöùc), alive (coøn soáng), alike (gioáng nhau), afloat (noåi), …
Ex: I saw my son asleep on the floor.
i) Tính töø boå ngöõ cho tuùc töø:
Ex: We should keep our room clean.
6.3 Sau Linking verbs:
be, become, feel, look, taste, sound, smell, seem, get, turn, appear
Ex: It becomes hot today.
6.4 Sau ñaïi töø baát ñònh:
something, someone/body, anything, anyone/body, everything,
everyone/body, nothing, no one, nobody
Ex: Do you have anything important to tell me?
6.5 Sau traïng töø:
Ex: Your story is very interesting.
3) Traät töï cuûa caùc tính töø tröôùc danh töø:
TÍNH TÖØ
YÙ KIEÁN SÖÏ THAÄT
nice, Kích Tuoåi Hình Maøu saéc Quoác Chaát
good, bad, thöôùc daïng tòch/nôi lieäu
ugly, choán
beautiful big, old, fat, thin, white, Vietnamese, wooden,
small, young round black English, golden
tall French
Ex: A beautiful tall thin Vietnamese girl is standing over there.
4) Tính töø duøng nhö danh töø: (xem theâm Baøi 3, II, 5)
THE + ADJ ---> NOUN
the poor, the rich, the blind, the deaf, the old, the handicapped, the sick, the
strong, the weak, the hungry, the disadvantaged, the unemployed, the disabled,
the living, the dead, the young, the middle-aged
Ex: The rich should help the poor.
5) Phaân töø duøng nhö tính töø:
Tính töø taän cuøng baèng
–ING –ED –ING –ED
amazing amazed exciting excited
amusing amused frightening frightened
boring bored interesting interested
confusing confused pleasing pleased
depressing depressed relaxing relaxed
deserving deserved satisfying satisfied
disappointing disappointed shocking shocked
distinguishing distinguished surprising surprised
encouraging encouraged tiring tired
1.1 Hình thöùc hieän taïi phaân töø (-ING):
Dieãn taû nhaän thöùc cuûa ngöôøi noùi veà ngöôøi/vieäc gì ñoù.
Ex: That film is interesting. (Boä phim ñoù hay.)
(Ngöôøi xem nhaän thaáy boä phim hay.)
He is boring. He always talks about the same things.
(Haén ta chaùn thaät. Haén luoân baøn veà nhöõng thöù gioáng nhau.)
(Ngöôøi nghe nhaän thaáy haén ta chaùn.)
1.2 Hình thöùc quaù khöù phaân töø (-ED):
Dieãn taû caûm giaùc cuûa ngöôøi noùi do ngöôøi/vieäc gì ñoù ñem laïi.
Ex: I am confused about the question. (Toâi bò boái roái veà caâu hoûi.)
(Caâu hoûi laøm toâi boái roái.)
III- Traïng töø:
1) Phaân loaïi traïng töø:
4.1 Traïng töø chæ theå caùch:
- Cho ta bieát moät haønh ñoäng ñöôïc thöïc hieän nhö theá naøo ñeå traû lôøi cho caâu
hoûi HOW?
- Caùch thaønh laäp: ADJ + LY (moät caùch …)
* LÖU YÙ:
- fast (nhanh), early (sôùm), late (treã), hard (chaêm chæ) vöøa laø tính töø vöøa laø
traïng töø.
Tính töø Traïng töø
Jack is a very fast runner. Jack can run very fast.
Ann is hard worker. Ann works hard. (hardly)
The train was late. I got up late this morning.
- Phaân bieät:
* LÖU YÙ:
- Khi so saùnh danh töø vôùi nghóa gioáng/baèng hay khoâng gioáng/khoâng baèng, ta
coù theå duøng caáu truùc:
(not) + the same + (noun) + as
Ex: He is the same age as I am.
(Anh ta baèng tuoåi toâi.)
Ann’s salary isn’t the same as Jane’s.
(Löông cuøa Ann khoâng baèng löông cuûa Jane.)
- Coù theå duøng less + adj/adv + than (keùm … hôn) thay cho not as/so +
adj/adv + as
Ex: This watch is less expensive than mine.
She sings less well than her sister.
- Khi noùi gaáp bao nhieâu laàn, ta duøng caáu truùc … times as + adj/adv + as.
Ex: Their house is three times as big as ours.
(Nhaø cuûa hoï lôùn gaáp ba laàn nhaø chuùng ta.)
II- So saùnh hôn:
1) Tính töø/traïng töø ngaén: adj/adv + ER + than
Tính töø/traïng töø ngaén laø töø coù moät vaàn hay hai vaàn taän cuøng baèng “y”.
fast ---> faster cold ---> colder thick ---> thicker
lucky ---> luckier happy ---> happier dry ---> drier …
Ex: John is stronger than his brother.
(John khoeû hôn anh cuûa caäu aáy.)
This athlete runs faster than that one.
2) Tính töø/traïng töø daøi: more + adj/adv + than
Tính töø/traïng töø daøi laø töø coù hai vaàn trôû leân.
modern, patient, difficult, fluently, beautifully, …
Ex: This problem is more difficult than we thought.
(Vaán ñeà naøy khoù hôn chuùng ta nghó.)
He speaks English more fluently than his friend.
(Anh ta noùi tieáng Anh troâi chaûy hôn baïn cuûa anh ta.)
III- So saùnh nhaát:
1) Tính töø/traïng töø ngaén: the + adj/adv + EST
cold ---> the coldest thick ---> the thickest fast ---> fastest
lucky ---> the luckiest happy ---> the happiest …..
Ex: Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.
conserve conservation söï baûo toàn preserve preservation söï baûo quaûn
correct correction söï söûa chöõa prevent prevention ngaên ngöøa
decide decision quyeát ñònh produce production saûn xuaát
discuss discussion thaûo luaän provide provision söï cung caáp
inform information thoâng tin repeat repetition söï laëp laïi
invite invitation lôøi môøi rotate rotation luaân phieân
b) V + -ment/-ance/-ence/-age/-ery/-ing/-al ---> N
Ñoäng töø Danh töø Nghóa Ñoäng töø Danh töø Nghóa
söï laøm
accept acceptance chaáp nhaän enrich enrichment
giaøu
achieve achievement thaønh töïu exist existence söï toàn taïi
arrange arrangement söï saép ñaët feel feeling caûm xuùc
söï caûi
arrive arrival söï ñeán improve improvement
thieän
söï di
attend attendance söï coù maët move movement
chuyeån
söï traû
build building toaø nhaø pay payment
tieàn
maøn trình
depend dependence söï leä thuoäc perform performance
dieãn
laøm
söï phaùt
develop development poison poisoning nhieãm
trieån
ñoäc
söï khaùc vieäc taùi
differ difference recycle recycling
nhau söû duïng
disappoint disappointment thaát voïng refuse refusal töø choái
discover discovery khaùm phaù rob robbery vuï cöôùp
söï thaùo
drain drainage teach teaching daïy hoïc
nöôùc
caùch
employ employment vieäc laøm use usage
duøng
c) V + -er/-or/-ar/-ant/-ent/-ee/ ---> N
Ñoäng töø Danh töø Nghóa Ñoäng töø Danh töø Nghóa
ngöôøi laøm
account accountant keá toaùn employ employee
coâng
dieãn vieân
act actor fertilize fertilizer phaân boùn
nam
apply applicant ngöôøi xin vieäc inhabit inhabitant cö daân
ngöôøi
assist assistant ngöôøi phuï taù instruct instructor
höôùng daãn
ngöôøi tham ngöôøi ñöôïc
attend attendant interview interviewee
döï phoûng vaán
beg beggar ngöôøi aên xin own owner ngöôøi chuû
ngöôøi ñöôïc
build builder thôï xaây pay payee
traû tieàn
ngöôøi giuùp
calculate calculator maùy tính serve servant
vieäc
contest contestant ngöôøi döï thi sing singer ca só
cook cooker beáp naáu aên teach teacher giaùo vieân
ngöôøi gôûi ngöôøi ñöôïc
deposit depositor train trainee
tieàn ñaøo taïo
drive driver taøi xeá walk walker ngöôøi ñi boä
edit editor bieân taäp vieân work worker coâng nhaân
d) N + -ist/-an/-ian/-ess ---> N
Danh töø Danh töø Nghóa Danh töø Danh töø Nghóa
act actress nöõ dieãn vieân music musician nhaïc só
America American ngöôøi Myõ physics physicist nhaø vaät lyù
history historian nhaø söû hoïc prince princess coâng chuùa
host hostess baø chuû nhaø science scientist nhaø khoa hoïc
journal journalist nhaø baùo tiger tigeress coïp caùi
library librarian thuû thö tour tourist khaùch du lòch
lion lioness sö töû caùi wait waitress nöõ haàu baøn
e) N + -ism/-ship ---> N
Danh töø Danh töø Nghóa Danh töø Danh töø Nghóa
CN anh
capital capitalism CN tö baûn hero heroism
huøng
chöùc voâ
champion championship scholar scholarship hoïc toång
ñòch
tinh thaàn
friend friendship tình baïn sportsman sportsmanship
theå thao
hieän ñaïi
modren modernize wide widen laøm roäng ra
hoaù
III- TÍNH TÖØ:
1) Tieàn toá:
a) un-/in-/im-/ir-/il-/dis- + Adj ---> Adj
Tính töø Nghóa Tính töø Nghóa Tính töø Nghóa
khoâng khoâng ñaày thaát
dishonest incomplete unemployed
trung thöïc ñuû nghieäp
baát hôïp khoâng
illegal inconvenient baát tieän unequal
phaùp bình ñaúng
khoâng hôïp khoâng
illogical independent ñoäc laäp unhappy
lyù haïnh phuùc
chöa chín khoâng theå khoâng
immature indivisible unlucky
chaén chia ñöôïc may
khoâng khoâng
impatient inexact unreal khoâng thaät
kieân nhaãn chính xaùc
khoâng haøi
impossible khoâng theå irregular baát qui taéc unsatisfactory
loøng
khoâng voâ traùch khoâng
impractical irresponsible untrue
thöïc teá nhieäm ñuùng
b) inter-/super-/under-/over-/sub- + Adj/N ---> Adj
Tính töø Nghóa Tính töø Nghóa Tính töø Nghóa
international quoác teá overnight quaù ñeâm supernatural sieâu nhieân
overanxious quaù lo aâu overseas haûi ngoaïi supersonic sieâu aâm
overconfident quaù töï tin oversized quaù côõ undercover kín,bí maät
quaù caân, keùm phaùt
overcrowded quaù ñoâng overweight underdeveloped
beùo phì trieån
tieàm traû thaáp
overelaborate quaù tæ mæ subconscious underpaid
thöùc quaù
döôùi bình nheï caân,
overjealous quaù ghen subnormal underweight
thöôøng thieáu caân
sieâu
overjoyed quaù vui superhuman
phaøm
2) Haäu toá:
a) N + -ly/-like/-less/-ish/-y/-ful/-al/-ic/ ---> Adj
MUÏC LUÏC
Trang
BAØI 1: THÌ CUÛA ÑOÄNG TÖØ ...............................................................................1
BAØI 2: THEÅ THUÏ ÑOÄNG.....................................................................................7
BAØI 3: SÖÏ HOAØ HÔÏP GIÖÕA CHUÛ TÖØ VAØ ÑOÄNG TÖØ. ....................................9
BAØI 4: CAÂU NOÙI TRÖÏC TIEÁP VAØ GIAÙN TIEÁP . ........................................... 11
BAØI 5: CAÂU ÑIEÀU KIEÄN VAØ CAÂU AO ÖÔÙC . .............................................. 13
BAØI 6: SÖÏ ÑAÛO NGÖÕ . ...................................................................................... 14
BAØI 7: TÖØ ÑÒNH LÖÔÏNG . ............................................................................... 15
BAØI 8: MEÄNH ÑEÀ TÍNH TÖØ VAØ MEÄNH ÑEÀ TRAÏNG TÖØ . ........................ 17
BAØI 9: DANH ÑOÄNG TÖØ VAØ ÑOÄNG TÖØ NGUYEÂN MAÃU COÙ “TO” ........ 22
BAØI 10: TÖØ LOAÏI .............................................................................................. 23
BAØI 11: SO SAÙNH TÍNH TÖØ VAØ TRAÏNG TÖØ . .............................................. 36
BAØI 12: CAÙCH THAØNH LAÄP TÖØ .................................................................... 39
BAØI 13: CHUYEÅN ÑOÅI CAÂU .......................................................................... 46
PHUÏ LUÏC: ÑOÄNG TÖØ BAÁT QUY TAÉC THÖÔØNG GAËP . ............................ 49