BIMOTION 2-STROKE MANUAL

Copyright © 2002 Billy Alvarsson. Ver 3.1.11

This manual does not explain all theory behind the calculations. It is assumed that
the user knows fundamentals about two stroke engines.
The program is a freeware but still copyrighted which means that it is allowed to
be distributed to anyone from person to person, but with the restriction to not be
back compiled, changed, sold, etc. The software is only available from
bimotion.go.to and must not be distributed on any other web site. Legal action
will be taken against infringement.

Table of Contents page

1. INTRODUCTION 2
2. GENERAL 2
3. TIME-AREA TARGETS 4
4. INTAKE 5
4.1 Piston controlled intake 5
4.2 Rotary valve 7
4.2 Rotary valve 7
4.3 Reed valve 8
5. EXHAUST PORT 10
6. TRANSFER PORTS 11
7. PORT HEIGHT SHAPE FACTOR (HSF) 12
8. CYLINDER HEAD 14
9. Y.E.I.S 17
10. PRINTOUTS 18
12.1 Time-Area calculation example: 18
11. REFERENCES 18

1
1. INTRODUCTION
The program gives a clear indication of the state of tune of the engine, and even lets it
be compared to itself - with modified porting or with larger bore size. Engine data can
be changed rapidly, to see the effects of changing the port width, height, engine speed,
rod length or any of the basic engine dimensions.
Note: for bridged or multiple ports, do not enter a width value which is greater than the
bore; use one half and then double the answer. The program calculates the ports as
rectangular so the Port Height Factor will make this assumption. (See pg. 12.)
The time-area can be varied with engine speed, or one speed can be selected and the
time-area varied as a function of port width, height, stroke, etc. There are several ways
of using the results. One is to take the time-area at peek torque and use the computer
to show what size and timing of the ports would be necessary to maintain this time-area
at a higher speed. Another way is to compare the engine with a more highly tuned
machine and match its time-area. Obviously the carburetor, exhaust, etc. would also
have to be uprated to match the new porting.
The expansion chamber program will guide you to design a basic well working pipe. It
is designed to make it easy to test different approaches of tuning degrees and usage of
Bimotion’s input editor for the simulation program modelno2.exe.
If you that think some output data or recommendations would need more decimals, this
is by purpose. The precision in theory should not be better than in practice.
Back

2. GENERAL
Start by running Bim.bat. If you halt the program (Ctrl+C) for any reason, restart with
F2. Be sure that caps lock is activated before continuing. The program will not take
lower case as input except from text strings.

Screen print:

--------- BIMOTION 2-Stroke -----------

Main menu

Time-Area targets ..................(0)

Intake .............................(1)
Exhaust ............................(2)
Transfer............................(3)
Expansion chamber...................(4)
Cylinder head ......................(5)
Yamaha Energy Induction Syst.(YEIS).(6)
Quit................................(7)

Choice?

2
You load files in each under-menu. Example:
Continue or (L) to load file àPress “L” …

Type file name without extension, or enter to alter path.

Path: Current
? _ à if you enter nothing here...
Syntax: <C:\...path\> à this syntax help will show up...
? _ à Enter your entire path here as the syntax above.

The program remembers last loaded path used. IMPORTANT! This path must not
contain folders longer than 8 characters/folder!

To accept recommended or previous values just enter. (0 omitted if enter nothing)

Tip: You can run 2 programs in the same time if that would help.
Files will be saved as in example: Kawasaki KX250 Original --> kawasako.*. The
first 7 letters are part of the name, the last one is T/O (Tuned/Original). Just enter (T)
or (O). Delete this T/O with (D).
If no option, first 8 letters will be part of the file name. File will be saved when the
choice is accepted with ‘enter’.

Accept present path <> or

Enter path to folder (if different from current)?
C:\TEMP\

Current name: TEST

Accept saving as <C:\TEMP\TEST.cyh>

or enter engine name, (Last file char is T/O),

or (P) to alter path
(T) to add 'Tuned'
(O) to add 'Original'
(D) to delete T/O info.? _

Data as Bore, Stroke, Rod length will only be necessary to enter once if you not quit,
they will be carried along in every program part.
(*) depends on what the file contains:
.int Piston intake
.rot Rotary valve
.red Reed valve
.exh Exhaust
.tra Transfer
.exp Expansion
.cyh Cylinder head
.yes Y.E.I.S (Yamaha Energy Induction System)

Port width in general is measured perpendicular to the flow direction.

Back

3
3. TIME-AREA TARGETS
Bore If not entered before
Stroke If not entered before
No. of cyl.
Tuned speed Speed for maximum power
Enter your targets in… Press 1,2 or 3.
Bmep=Braked mean efficient pressure

------ Time-Area target calculation ------

No. of cyl.? 1

Present tuned speed is 12000 rpm.

Enter to accept or type a new tuned speed (rpm)? _

Target Bmep(bar)
---------------------
Road racing 11
Motocross 9
Enduro 8
--------------------

Enter your targets in hp .... (1)

kW .... (2)
Bmep .. (3)
Bmep target? _

Note! This T-A recommendation is not the same as the general given in accordance to
the port dimensioning. ‘Targets’ are based on several tests of ‘real’ engines with
various tuning degrees. The general recommendation applies to enduro-road racing
tuning. Calculations for exhaust blow down timing is not supported in this program
since such recommendations are very much dependent on the expansion chamber used.

Result screen:
07-30-1999
BIMOTION Time-Area targets

Bore, mm ................................ 54
Stroke, mm .............................. 54
Displacement, cc/cyl .................... 123.67
Average piston speed (m/s) .............. 19.8
No of cylinders ......................... 1
Target in hp ............................ 24.6
kW ............................ 18.1
Bmep ............................ 8

Time-Area targets in s-sq mm/cc x10^-3

intake ................. 12.3
transfers .............. 7.4
exhaust ................ 13.3
exhaust blowdown ....... .8

Back

4
4. INTAKE
When calculating time-area (intake, exhaust, scavenging) enter max.-min. value.
Increment is calculated step.

----------- Intake menu -----------

Back to main menu .............. (0)

Piston controlled intake ....... (1)
Rotary valve ................... (2)
Reed valve ..................... (3)

Choice ?
Back

4.1 Piston controlled intake

Bore If not entered before
Stroke If not entered before
Rod length If not entered before
Tuned working speed (rpm)
Intake port height (H)
Distance square port edge-rounded port… See pg. 12
Port height shape factor See pg. 12
Intake port width Measured perpendicular to the flow
direction

Answer on 1 of these:
(1/3) Intake opens mm BTDC Enter first two positions if you wish to
(2/3) Intake opens deg BTDC input Dist. of bottom edge …
(3/3) Dist. of bottom edge of port
from top edge of piston at TDC

Piston dimensions:
Piston pin bore (z)
Dist. from top edge of pin to edge of crown (x). (Deck height)
Dist. from top of crown to bottom of
skirt at the position of the port (y)

exhaust

(x)
(y)

(z)

5
The program recommends a certain intake duration interval dependent on the tuning
degree. For RR tuning the crankcase and ports are assumed to be ‘state of the art’. The
short duration recommendation applies to RR-tuning since it run with stronger pulses.
The long one applies to ‘road’ tuning. (Weak pulses need more time). There is no
recommendation for road tuning at high engine speeds.
The carb’s area could in advantage be set to 85% of the intake port area.

Working strategy in short: Decide desired duration and adjust time-area by alter port
width.

Result screen:
07-30-1999 TEST
BIMOTION Piston contr. intake.

Bore, mm .................................. 42
Stroke, mm ................................ 40
Displacement, cc/cyl ..................... 52
Piston area, sq m/cyl ..................... 1194
Rod length, mm ............................ 82
Piston pin bore, mm ....................... 12
Piston skirt length, mm ................... 41.5
Deck height above pin, mm ................. 20
Intake port opens, deg BTDC ............... 92.47
mm BTDC................. 24.2
Tuned speed, rpm .......................... 10000

***** Duration deg ***** ................ 184.9

Recommended dur.,deg ...................... 176 - 205
Port height shape factor, ................. .89
Port height, mm ........................... 18.2
Port width, mm ........................... 22
Bottom edge of port,mm BTDC ............... 65.7

Menu screen:
----------- Intake menu -----------

Time-area targets ............... (0)

Time-area against.....crank speed (1)
.......port width (2)
....port top edge (3)
.port bottom edge (4)
piston skirt length (5)
Current engine specification......(6)
Change piston/port dimensions.....(7)

Menu..............................(8)
Restart ..........................(9)
Load .............................(10)
Save .............................(11)

Choice ? _

Back

6
4.2 Rotary valve
Input tuned rpm, Engine, Bore, Stroke, Rod Length and data as requested in the example
below. The port opens deg. before TDC and closes deg. after TDC.
The example previous values are 0 since it shows the first input.
Accept by enter.
----------------------------------
Port top radius, ... 0 ? Rupper
Port height, ....... 0
Port mean width, ... 0 Rtop
Port upper radii, .. 0
Port lower radii, .. 0 H
Wmean
Disc opens, deg .... 0
Disc closes, deg ... 0
Rlower
The result screen:
07-08-2000 TEST
BIMOTION Rotary valve intake.

Bore, mm .................................. 54
Stroke, mm ................................ 54
Rod length, mm.............................. 111
Displacement, cc/cyl ...................... 123.66
Tuned crank speed ......................... 12000
Disc opens, deg ........................... 120
Disc closes, deg .......................... 65
Radii upper, mm ........................... 4
lower, mm ........................... 3
Port radius, mm ........................... 50
height, mm ........................... 18
mean width, mm ....................... 22
width angle, deg ..................... 31.1
equiv. dia, mm ....................... 22.3
Time-area, s-sq mm/cc ..................... 8.1

Menu screen:
--------- Rotary valve menu ----------

Alter dimensions .................. (1)

Present dimensions................. (2)

Menu............................... (3)
Save............................... (4)
Load............................... (5)

Choice ?
Back

7
4.3 Reed valve
Input tuned rpm, Engine, Bore, Stroke, Rod Length if not entered before as usual.
Input equivalent exhaust port dia., that is exhaust port area equalized to the corresponding
dia. of a circular area. (d0= 4 * A )
π
Bmep= Braked mean efficient pressure.
Crank case compression ratio, for example 1.35:1=1.35

Accept by enter.
--------------------------------------
Eqv. exh. port dia, d0 ... 0 ?
Bmep ..................... 0
Cr.case compr.ratio (>1).. 0

Next screen, the reed block:

The variables, i.e. Xp,Lp, etc. are the
same as in ref. (10) and the
corresponding program modelno2.exe.
Accept by enter.

Block dimensions.
-----------------------------
No of ports ...... 0 ?
Width, ........ Xp 0
Length, ....... Lp 0
Radii, ........ Rp 0
Angle, ..... Fi_Rb 0

Reed petal variables:

Accept by enter.

Reed petal dimensions

-----------------------------
Width, mm ..... Xr 0 ?
Length, mm .... Lr 0
Mount distance, Xs 0
Thickness, mm . Xt 0
Reed mtrl, (C)Carbon
(G)Glass
(S)Steel
Duration (170-210), Default 200 0
xtip/Lr max, % .... Default 30% 0

The program throws warnings when necessary. These are:

Warning!

Tip lift is higher than stop plate height. Warning (1)

Reed plate is close to natural freq.( 18 %) Warning (2)
Short reed plate, 1 mm tip sealing. Warning (3) See next
Port area too small. Warning (4) page.
Reed area too small. Warning (5)

A to alter, any key to continue.

8
Warning (1) : If the reed plate is too thin it will smash the stop plate and cause reed
flutter as is the case at (**) below. Change material or dimensions.
Warning (2) : If the reed petal natural frequency is closer than 20% to crank rpm the
petal is subject to fatigue damage. The life time is much dependent on
the time spent within this rpm interval. A race engine can withstand
closer critical rpm or to pass it often due to frequent services.
Warning (3) : Reed plate tip sealing less than 2 mm will cause this warning.
plate-port over run, mm =Lr-Lp-Xs. (See reed case fig.)
Warning (4) : Increase the area in the block to match the flow requirement.
Warning (5) : Increase the reed lift to match the flow requirement by making it longer,
less width, thinner, change material etc.

Result screen:
07-08-2000 TEST
BIMOTION Reed valve intake.

Bore, mm .................................. 56
Stroke, mm ................................ 50.6
Displacement, cc/cyl ...................... 124.63
Tuned crank speed ......................... 11740
Bmep ...................................... 11
Crank case compr.ratio..................... 1.35
Eqviv. exhaust port dia, mm ............... 37.5
Block width xp, mm ....................... 19.6
length Lp, mm ....................... 32
radii rp, mm ....................... 1
angle rb, deg ...................... 23.5
Reed material ............................ Glass
thickness xt, mm .................... .42
width xr, mm ....................... 22.7
length Lr, mm ....................... 38
mount distance xt, mm ............... 4
duration, deg ....................... 200
no. of ports ........................ 6

07-08-2000 TEST
BIMOTION Reed valve intake.

Reed tip/Lr, % ............................ 33 (**)

% (max) ...................... 30
plate-port over run, mm .............. 1
Stop plate radius, mm ..................... 58
Required area, mm^2 ....................... 1421
Reed area, mm^2 ........................... 1474
Port area, mm^2 ........................... 1499
Carb dia, mm .............................. 39.9
RPM critical .............................. 9610
Margin, % ................................. 18

9
Menu screen:
---------- Reed valve menu -----------

Alter port,bmep,crank case ........ (1)

block........................ (2)
reed petal .................. (3)
Present dimensions................. (4)

Menu............................... (5)
Save............................... (6)
Load............................... (7)

Choice ?
Back

5. EXHAUST PORT
If you have not entered this before, do now:
Bore, Stroke, Rod length, Tuned speed. (See Intake).

Port height shape factor See pg. 12

Duration guide at ...
Answer on 1 of these:

(1/3)Port opens deg ATDC Enter to move down to (3/3)

(2/3 mm ATDC
(3/3)Port height mm

Max port width with … Recommendation

Port width Measured perpendicular to the flow
direction.

Result screen:
07-30-1999 TEST
BIMOTION Exhaust port.

Bore, mm ................................... 48.5

Stroke, mm ................................. 37.8
Cylinder displacement, cc/cyl .............. 69.83
Piston area, mm^2 .......................... 1847
Rod length, mm ............................ 80
Port opens, deg ATDC ...................... 85
mm ATDC ...................... 19.5
Tuned speed, rpm ........................... 10500

***** Port duration, deg ***** ............ 190

Port height, mm ............................ 18.3
Port height shape factor, .................. .978
Square shape - upper edge (H1), mm ......... 2
Port width, mm ............................ 34
% of bore ...................... 70.1
substans angle, deg ............ 89.2

10
Menu screen:
--- Exhaust/Transfer menu ---

Time-Area targets ........ (0)

Crank speed .............. (1)
Port width ............... (2)
Port height .............. (3)
Present dimensions ....... (4)
Change port dim. (dur,etc) (5)

Menu ..................... (6)

Restart .................. (7)
Load ..................... (8)
Save ..................... (9)

Choice ? _
Back

6. TRANSFER PORTS
Note! Calculate one set of port at a time and summarize them. The summarized time
area for the different ports is not displayed anywhere. You have to do this by yourself.
To get the correct time area for a set of two symmetric ports in the result, input the
sum of both ports width. 3 port types can be separated in the <*.tra> file. If you only
will use the main transfer port, just set the auxiliary and boost ports width and height to
0. Note: Port angels and shapes affects engine characteristics. The program cannot help
you with that.
The transfer duration would typically be 120°-135° dependent on tuning degree, etc.
Current dimensions coming up now belong to the exhaust port data since the
calculating procedure for transfer ports is almost identical. Don’t care.
The transfer port may sometimes be rounded on one side (the width), as for M.U.L.S
porting, but that factor is not implemented here. Decide and use the average width in
that case. The input dialogue is identical as in the exhaust port input.

Result screen:
07-30-1999 TEST
BIMOTION Transfer port. Main port

Bore, mm .................................. 39
Stroke, mm ................................ 41.8
Cylinder displacement, cc/cyl ............. 49.93
Piston area, mm^2 ......................... 1195
Rod length, mm ........................... 92
Port opens, deg ATDC ..................... 116
mm ATDC ..................... 32
Tuned speed, rpm .......................... 10000

***** Port duration, deg ***** ........... 128

Port height, mm ........................... 9.8
Port height shape factor, ................. 1
Square shape - upper edge (H1), mm ........ 0
Port width, mm ........................... 16.5
% of bore ..................... 42.3
substans angle, deg ........... 50.2

11
Menu screen: Port set selection:
--- Exhaust/Transfer menu --- Set of transfer ports
---------------------
Time-Area targets .........(0) Main ............ (1)
Crank speed ...............(1) Auxiliary ....... (2)
Port width ................(2) Boost ........... (3)
Port height ...............(3)
Present dimensions ........(4)
Change port dim. (dur,etc).(5) Choice ?

Menu ......................(6)
Restart ...................(7)
Load ......................(8)
Save ......................(9)

Choice ?
Back

7. PORT HEIGHT SHAPE FACTOR (HSF)

The program calculates efficient port area, so the port height needs to be adjusted with
squared port area. (H) is port height to enter. The bottom of the intake port is most
important concerning HSF.

H1 Y=H-H1/2
H2

H3 Y H

HSF=Y/H
H1 H2 Y=H3+H2

Y H
H3

H1 H1=(H-Y)/2
Y=0.8*H
Y H HSF=Y/H

Back

12
EXHAUST PIPE
Recommended length of the header is the suggested. The angels are referred from the
centerline of the figure. Exhaust temperature (deg. Celsius) can be varied in a certain
range and refers to the temperature in the exhaust port. Note that coned header might
reduce braked power since the exhaust temperature might decrease too much or/and if
the tuning degree is too low or other properties such as port area are mismatched.

You do only have to decide your tuned working speed, all other dimensions have
recommendations that will guide you to a well working basic design.

HE D1 D2 D3 Belly B1 B2 Stinger

HE Header
D Diffusor Chord length
B Baffle

For manufacturing, this cone is drawn on

the metal sheet:

R2

R1

--------- Expansion chamber menu ---------

Present dimensions .................... (0)

Alter header .......................... (1)
diffusor ........................ (2)
belly dia ....................... (3)
baffle .......................... (4)
stinger ......................... (5)
tuned working speed, temp ....... (6)

Restart ............................... (7)

Menu .................................. (8)
Save .................................. (9)
Load .................................. (10)

Choice ? _

13
 07-30-1999 TEST
BIMOTION Expansion chamber

Present dimensions Expansion Chamber in mm and deg.

Tuned working speed ........................ 10500

Exhaust flange dia ......................... 30
length ...................... 90
Header pipe angle ....................... 1.25
length ...................... 165
Diffusor angle 1 .................... 4
angle 2 .................... 6
angle 3 .................... 8
length 1 .................... 110
length 2 .................... 70
length 3 .................... 45
Belly section dia ......................... 80
length ...................... 170
Baffle angle 1 .................... 9.5
length 1 .................... 182
.Stinger dia ......................... 19
length ...................... 230
Exhaust temp (C) ........................... 550
Tuned exp. chamber length................... 870

07-30-1999 TEST
Present inside manufacturing dim. for Exp.Chamber cones in mm.

Header pipe circumferencial increase /25 mm ... 3.3

Diffusor stage 1 radius 1 .................... 267
radius 2 .................... 377
coord length of r.2 ......... 164
stage 2 radius 1 .................... 252
radius 2 .................... 322
coord length of r.2 ......... 208
stage 3 radius 1 .................... 242
radius 2 .................... 285
coord length of r.2 ......... 243
Baffle stage 1 radius 1 .................... 57
radius 2 .................... 242
coord length of r.2 ......... 240

Cones inside dia. check: 37 , 53 , 67 , 80 , 0

Back

8. CYLINDER HEAD
Bore
Stroke
Rod length
Tuned working speed
Answer on 1 of these 3: Enter to move down if you wish to
answer for ex. (3/3)
Previous : deg ATDC 0
(1/3) Port opens: deg ATDC ?
Previous : mm ATDC 0
(2/3) Port opens: mm ATDC
Previous port height 0
(3/3) Port height:

14
Next screen:
Previous volume ...... : 3.74
Continue to head design or enter vol(cc) ? (*)

Accept or enter new values

-----------------------------------
Piston curve height... 2 ?
Bowl depth ........... 10.5
Bowl dia ............. 28.4
Squish height Bowl dia.

If the squish band is tapered then enter Bowl depth

the average gap height
The list appears after the dialogue
Piston
above shows maximum squish height
velocities at gaps between 0.2-2.7 mm
with 0.1 mm increments.

Squish velocity screen:

Piston at TDC
07-08-2000 TEST
BIMOTION Cylinder head.

Keep squish velocity slower than flame front velocity.

(~20-50 m/s depending on fuel type).

Sq. height Sq. vel. Sq. height Sq. vel.

[mm] [m/s] [mm] [m/s]
.2 48.4 1.4 7.4
.3 36.9 1.5 6.5
.4 29.8 1.6 5.7
.5 24.9 1.7 4.9
.6 21.2 1.8 4.3
.7 18.3 1.9 3.6
.8 16 2.0 3
.9 14 2.1 2.5
1 12.3 2.2 2
1.1 10.8 2.3 1.5
1.2 9.6 2.4 1.1
1.3 8.4 2.5 .7
2.6 .3
Squish height ?_ 2.7 0

Note: When you design your head, the program do not know what squish gap the
design finally should have. The list above is based on the latest control volume. That
means if you make a big gap change from the previous gap you will have another max
squish velocity in the result list since the head’s recalculated volume is based on your
new input. This is not the case if you input a desired volume as input, no matter how
you change your gap, the volume will be the stated. This is not an error; it’s a logic
consequence.

15
Result screen:
07-15-2000 TEST
BIMOTION Cylinder head.

Bore, mm .................................. 38
Stroke, mm ................................ 42
Rod length, mm ............................ 92
Cyl.displ, cc ............................. 47.63
Port height, mm ........................... 22.3
opens ATDC, deg ...................... 80
Squish band height, mm .................... 1
area, % ....................... 44
Piston curve height, mm ................... 2
radius, mm ................... 91
Bowl depth, mm ............................ 10.5
dia , mm ............................ 28.4
Cyl.head volume, cc ....................... 3.03
Compression ratio (trapped) ............... 9
Compression ratio (swept) ................. 18

07-15-2000 TEST
BIMOTION Cylinder head.

Pressure inside cyl. at closing, bar ...... 2

Temperature , C ........ 500
Max squish velocity, m/s .................. 12.3
.... occured at, deg BTDC ................. 11
Comp.work, J .............................. -8.6
Squished kin. energy, mJ .................. 9.0E-02
Adiabatic compressed temp, C .............. 1536

The result shows a lot of information. Max squish pressure ratio is the pressure
ratio of the squished volume (between the squish band and the piston) and the bowl to
piston volume (between the bowl area and the projected piston surface) .
Comp.work ,J is the compression work done each stroke in Joule.
Squished kin. energy, mJ is the energy created by mass movement of the gas in
Joule * 103.
The ratio comp.work/sq. kin. energy is called the turbo ratio.
I have not published that in the result plot since it is meaningless unless you are not an
expert in thermodynamics. (If you are, you do not need to read this).
Adiabatic compressed temp is the temperature increase of the gas at TDC with no
heat loss through the surrounding. The default temp at 1 atm. is 20° C. This might be
changed in menu choice (3):

Previous exhaust temp : 20 deg C.

Temp inside cylinder at port closure?

Previous pressure : 0 bar. (0=default)

Enter relative pressure at exhaust port ?

16
Menu screen:

--------- Cylinder head menu ---------

Alter Compression ratio ............(1)

head design ..................(2)
pressure, temp ...............(3)
Present dimensions .................(4)
Restart ............................(5)

Menu ...............................(6)
Save ...............................(7)
Load ...............................(8)

Choice?
Back

9. Y.E.I.S
Bore
Stroke
Rod length Don’t care
Carb. dia.
Crank speed to improve your flat spot rpm

Result screen:
07-30-1999 TEST
BIMOTION Y.E.I.S

Carb dia., .................................. 22

Box volume, cc .............................. 125
Min-max branch pipe dia, mm ................. 8 - 16
Present branch pipe dia, mm ................. 12
pipe length, mm .............. 462
Resonance crank speed, rpm .................. 4500

Menu screen:
------------ Y.E.I.S menu -----------

Vary pipe length with pipe dia.......(1)

box volume with pipe length ....(2)
pipe length with crank speed ...(3)
Restart .............................(4)
Present dimensions ..................(5)

Menu ................................(6)
Save ................................(7)
Load ................................(8)

Choice ? _
Back

17
10. PRINTOUTS
You can Cut and Paste the graphs if you run in windows mode. (To be found in
Gearing & Road loads) Close all other programs when you wish to display the graph or
else you may have to reset your computer. ‘Print Scrn’ can be established if you do not
run in windows.
Back

12.1 Time-Area calculation example:

Current port width is:34 mm
Minimum width: ? 34
Maximum width: ? 40
Increment: ? .5

Recommended sp. t-a 14-16 s-sq mm/cc.

Width mm s-sq mm s-sq mm/cc

34 1.18 14.9 x10^-3
34.5 1.2 15.2 x10^-3
35 1.22 15.4 x10^-3
35.5 1.24 15.7 x10^-3
36 1.25 15.9 x10^-3
36.5 1.27 16.2 x10^-3
37 1.29 16.4 x10^-3
37.5 1.31 16.7 x10^-3
38 1.32 16.9 x10^-3
38.5 1.34 17.2 x10^-3
39 1.36 17.4 x10^-3
39.5 1.38 17.7 x10^-3
40 1.39 17.9 x10^-3

Enter required value: _ ?

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11. REFERENCES

1. J.M. Desantes, F.Boada, J.M. Corbearán, ”Exhaust Pipe Design Method for
the Optimization of the Scavenging Process”
2. Shigeru Onishi, Souk Hong Jo, Pan Do Jo, Satoshi Kato, ”Multi-Layer Stratified
Scavegning (MULS) -A New Scavenging Method for Two Stroke Engine”
3. John Robinson, ”Motorcycle Tuning”
4. A.Graham Bell, ”Performance Tuning in Theory & Practice”
5. Roy Bacon, ”Two Stroke Exhaust Systems”
6. Noriyuki Hata, Takeo Fujita, Noritaka Matsuo (Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd.)
”Modification of Two-Stroke Engine Intake System for Improvments of Fuel
Consumption and Performance through the Yamaha Energy Induction System
(YEIS)”
7. D.S. Sandborn, W.M. Roeder, ”Single Cycle Simulation Simplifies
Scavenging Study”
8. A. Jante, ”Scavenging Flow Ducts of 3-Cylinder Two-Stroke Cycle Engines”
9. E.Bratt, ”Praktisk Flygteknik”
10. Gordon .P. Blair, ”Design & Simulation of Two-Stroke Engines”

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