HEAT

1. glass thermometer.
Diagram 1.1 shows a liquid-in-glass

DIAGRAM 1.1
(a) (i) Name the liquid P used in the thermometer.
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(ii) State the physical change in the liquid when the temperature increases.
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(b) Diagram 1.2 shows two types of thermometers.

DIAGRAM 1.2

(i) Which thermometer is more sensitive ?

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(ii) State one reason for your answer in (b) (i).
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2. Diagram 1.1 shows a mercury thermometer.

DIAGRAM 1.1
(a) What is the accuracy of the thermometer?
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(b) Why the glass bulb is made of thin glass?
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(c ) Diagram 1.2 shows when thermometer is put into hot water the mercury in the bulb expands and rises up.

DIAGRAM 1.2
(i) Why the temperature of hot water is taken when the thread of mercury stop expands?
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(ii) Give one suggestion how to increased the sensitivity of the thermometer.
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3. Diagram 5(a) shows the sparks generated from the fireworks which are failing on Ali’s hand. Diagram 5(b) shows that Ali is
using his hand to stir the dodol in a wok with a stirrer.

(a) How does the temperature of sparks from the fireworks and the steam from the wok change when they are in
contacted with Ali’s hand?
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(b) State another physical change which only shown by steam when it is in contacted
contacted with Ali’s hand.
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(c) What form of energy is lost as heat energy:
(i) From the spark?
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(ii) From the steam?
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(d) Give a general equation to show the total heat transferred to Ali’s hand from
(i) The spark
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(ii) The steam
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(e) Ali does not suffer any pain from the sparks but is seriously burnt by the steam. Give 3 reasons to explain the
phenomenon.
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4. Diagram 1 show a metal sphere with initial temperature of 30 C is immersed in boiling water.

Diagram 1

a) (i) What happen to the temperature of the metal sphere?

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(ii) Give a reason for the answer in (a)(i).
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 (b) After sometime, the metal sphere and the boiling water have the same temperature.
(i) Tick (√√ ) in the box below for the correct statement about heat flows between
the metal sphere and the
he boiling water.

The rate of heat flows from boiling water < the rate of heat flows from metal sphere.

The rate of heat flows from boiling water = the rate of heat flows from metal sphere.

The rate of heat flows from boiling water > the rate of heat flows from metal sphere.

(ii) State the physics concept involve in 1(b) (i).

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5. Diagram 3 shows a wet towel is placed on the forehead of a boy who has high fever.

Diagram 3
(a) What is the meaning of thermal equilibrium?
equilibrium
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(b) Explain how a thermal equilibrium is achieved in Diagram 3.
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(c) The mass of water used to wet the towel is 0.3 kg and the specific heat capacity for water is 4 200 J kg C . The
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initial temperature of the towel is 30 C and the final temperature is 38 C. Find the amount of heat energy from the
boy is removed by the wet towel.
[ 2 mark]

(d) What happens to the final temperature if the water used to wet the towel is mixed with ice cubes?
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6. Diagram 7.1 shows a cooling pad used to lower the temperature of a person having fever. The pad consists of a gel and is
cooled in a refrigerator before it is placed on forehead of the person to remove the heat.

(a) (i) What is meant by heat?

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(ii) Explain how the heat is removed from the forehead of the person.
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(b) The mass of the gel in the pad is 30 g and its’ specific heat capacity is 4.3 J g C . The initial temperature of the pad is
0 0
15 C and the final temperature is 36 C. Calculate the amount of heat removed by the pad.

[3 marks]
(c) It is suggested that the cooling pad should be modified so that it can remove more heat. Give two suggestions and the
reasons for doing so.
Suggestion 1
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Reason
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Suggestion 2
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Reason
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7. Diagram 3.1 shows a metal block P of mass 300 g at initial temperature 100 C is immersed into
int the water at room
temperature. Diagram 3.2 shows the graph of temperature against time of block P until it achieve thermal
equilibrium.

(a) What is meant by thermal equilibrium?

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(b) What is the temperature of block P when it is in thermal equilibrium?
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(c) Explain how block P achieve thermal equilibrium.
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(d) Calculate the amount of heat lost by block P when its achieved thermal equilibrium.

[2 marks]

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8. Diagram 3.1 shows a metal P at 100°C being placed in a beaker of water at 28 C. After a few minutes thermal
equilibrium state is achieved. The mass of metal P and the water are 0.4 kg and 0.2 kg respectively. Diagram 3.2 shows
a temperature against time graph of the water in the beaker.

Diagram 3.1 Diagram 3.2

(a) (i) What is the meaning of thermal equilibrium?
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 (ii) Based on the graph in Diagram 3.2, what is the temperature when the thermal equilibrium is achieved?
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(iii) What is the purpose of wrapping the beaker with cotton layer?
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(b) (i) Calculate the specific heat capacity of metal P. ( Specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg C )

[2 marks]
(ii) State the assumption you made in (b)(i)
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9. Diagram 5 shows a swimming pool.

(a) What is meant of Specific heat capacity?

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 (b) Based on table 5.1,
(i) Compare the specific heat capacity of the pond water and the specific heat capacity of the tiles.
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(ii) Compare the increasing of temperature
temperature of pond water and the increasing of temperature of the tiles at from
7.00 a.m to 12.00 p.m
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(c) State the relationship between
een the increasing of the temperature and the specific heat capacity.
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(d) State the temperature of pond water and the
the temperature of tiles at 12.00 a.m compare with the temperature at 7.00
p.m. Explain your answer.
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(e) Compare the temperature of pond water, x and the temperature of tiles, y at 12.00 a.m. Explain your answer.
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10. Diagram 3(a) shows a brass of 100 g is immersed in boiling water for a long time. The brass is then transferred into a
0
beaker containing 100 g of water at room temperature of 30 C as shown in Diagram 3(b).

(a) State the initial temperature of the brass.

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(b) What will happen to the temperature of the brass and water subsequently?
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(c) After sometime, the system reached a state where the temperature of the water and the brass became the same.
(i) This state is known as
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 (ii) Table 1 give the specific heat capacity of brass and water.

Based on the data given, calculate the temperature referred to in (c)(ii).

[2 marks]
(d) State one assumption which you made in c(ii).
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11. Diagram 5.1 shows the soup that boil in a metal pot and in a clay pot. Both pots and soups are supplied with same rate
of heat and have same mass. Diagram 5.2 shows the changes in temperature after 5 minutes.

(a) What is meant by specific heat capacity?

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 (b) Based on Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2,
(i) Compare the temperature of the soup in the metal pot and the temperature
temperature of the soup in the clay pot after
5 minutes.
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(ii) Compare the specific heat capacity of the metal pot and the specific heat capacity
capacity of the clay pot.
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(iii) Compare the mass of the soup in both pots.
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(iv) Sate the relationship between the change of temperature and the specific heat capacity.
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(c) After the soup in the pots reaches the same temperature, both pots are removed away from the burner as shown in
Diagram 5.3. Diagram 5.4 shows the changes in temperature 5 minutes after removing them from the burner.
burn

(i) Based on Diagram 5.3 and Diagram 5.4, compare the temperature of the soup in the metal pot and the
temperature of the soup in the clay pot 5 minutes after removing them from the burner.
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(ii) Explain your answer in (c)(i).
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(iv) State the assumption that you make to answer (c)(ii).
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 12. Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 show two identical polystyrene glasses are filled
filled by hot water at the same temperature.
Diagram 5.3 and Diagram 5.4 shows the changes in temperature of the water after 5 minutes the water are cooled.

(a) State the working principle used in the thermometer.

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(b) Using Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 , compare the mass of water in the both glasses.
g
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(c) Using Diagram 5.3 and 5.4, compare
(i) the reading of the thermometer.
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(ii) the rate of loss of heat from the water in the glasses after 5 minutes.
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(d) Based on your answer in c(ii) compare the quantity of heat in the water in the glasses in Diagram 5.3 and Diagram 5.4.
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(e) Based on your answer in (a) and (d), state the relationship between mass and quantity of heat in the water.
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(f) Sketch the graph temperature against time when the water in the glass in Diagram 5.1 is cooled for a long time.

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13. Diagram 7.1 shows two cups of coffee of equal mass being cooled by adding a few pieces of ice cubes.

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Initially, each cup contains 0.2 kg of coffee at 75.5 C. It is observed that both cups of coffee reach a final temperature of
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25 C at the same time.
(a) The melting of ice involves the absorption of latent heat of fusion. What is meant by specific latent heat of fusion?
fusion
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(b) (i) Which cup of coffee requires more ice?
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(ii) Explain your answer in (b)(i).
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(c) Calculate the heat released when the coffee is cooled down to 25 C. [Specific heat capacity of coffee = 4500 J kg C ]

[2 marks]

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(d) (i) Calculate the mass of ice needed to cool the coffee in cup A to 25 C.
–1 o –1 5 –1
[Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg C , specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 3.36 x 10 J kg ]

[3 marks]

(ii) State one assumption which you made in your calculation in (d)(i).
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 14. The Diagram 4 shows air being blown into a beaker containing ether. It is later found that ice is formed at the base of
the beaker.

(a) DIAGRAM 4
Name the process that happens to the ether in the situation above.
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(b) What is the definition of latent heat?
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(c) Why does ice form at the base of the beaker?
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(d) If the specific latent heat of fusion of ice is 3.3 x105 J kg , calculate the quantity of heat released when 150 g of water
o
at 0 C freezes into ice at the same temperature?

[2 marks]

(e) State one application of the above phenomenon in everyday life

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15. A substance X with mass 0.5 kg is heated by using a heater 100 W. Diagram shows graph temperature against mass for
the substance.

(a). What is the time taken by substance X to achieve melting point ?

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(b). Based on information on graph, find specific latent heat for the substance X.
[2 marks]

(c). By using kinetic theory, explain why there is no increase in temperature at QR.
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16. Diagram 6 shows a series of observation and record made by a student on a melting ice cube that is put in a metal plate.

Mass of ice = 20 g Mass of ice water = 20 g

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Temperature of ice = 0 C Temperature of ice water = 0 C
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Time = 0 s Time = 60 s
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Temperature of the metal plate = 20 C Water droplets form on the metal plate

Diagram 6
(a)) Name two sources where the ice cube obtained the heat to change into ice water.
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(b)) State the change in physical state when the ice cube is melted into ice water.
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(c)) (i) Name the physics quantity that is involved when ice cube change to water at constant
stant temperature.
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(ii) Why the temperature is remain constant when ice melts to water?
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(d)) If the amount of heat absorbed by the ice cube is 6.72 x 103 J, calculate the specific latent heat of fusion.
[2 marks]
(e)) Why water droplets are formed on the outer surface of the metal plate?
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 17. Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 show an experiment is carried out to investigate a law of gas. A column of air is trapped in
the capillary tube and is heated for a period of time.

Diagram 6.1 Diagram 6.2

(a) What is meant by heat?
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(b) (i) Compare the length of the air trapped in the capillary tube in Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2.
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(ii) Compare the temperature of the air trapped in the capillary tube in Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2.
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(iii) Name the physical quantity represented by the length of the air trapped.
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(iv) What is the relationship between the physical quantity in (b)(iii) and the temperature?
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(c) Name the physics law involved in (a)(iv).
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(d) Diagram 6.3 shows a graph obtained from the experiment. The temperature, θ is -273 C when it is extrapolated and intersect
x-axis.

Diagram 6.3
(i) What is the name given to the temperature, θ?
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(ii) State one characteristic of the gas at temperature θ?
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 18. Diagram 1 shows the set up of apparatus used to investigate the relationship
relationship between the pressure and temperature
of air at constant volume and mass.

(a) Name the measuring instrument labelled X.

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(b) Name the physical quantity measured
asured by instrument labelled X.
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(c) (i) What will happen to the reading of the measuring instrument X when the temperature raised.
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(ii) State the Gas Law involved.
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(d) A car type has a pressure of 128 kPa when tested in a garage at a temperature of 27 C. The air volume in the tyreb is fixed
and the pressure is changed to 132 kPa. Calculate the air temperature of the tyre.

[3 marks]

19. Before going on a long journey, a man attached a Bourdon Gauge to one of the car tyre. The reading of the Bourdon
Gauge is given in Diagram 6.1. After the journey, the man attached a Bourdon Gauge to the same car tyre. The reading
of the Bourdon Gauge is given in Diagram 6.2. The man also found that the tyre became hot after
afte the journey.
However, the size of the tyre remained the same.

(a) (i) Compare the readings of the Bourdon gauge in Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2.
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 (ii) What is the physical quantity measured by the Bourdon gauge?
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(b) State the factor which influence the physical quantity in (a)(i).
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(c) (i) What is the relationship between the physical quantity in (a)(ii) and the factor in (b).
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(ii) Name the physics law involve in (c)(i).
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(iii) State one physical quantity which is kept constant for the law mentioned in (c)(ii).
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(d) Using the kinetic theory of matter, explain how the observations in Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 occur.
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20. Diagram 3.1 shows a 600 W electric heater being used to heat a beaker of water on a compression balance.

(a) State the energy change involved when using the heater to heat the water.
water
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-1 0 -1
(b) The mass of water is 0.5 kg and specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg C . The initial temperature of water is
0
28 C. Calculate the energy absorbed by the water to reach its boiling point.

[2 marks]

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 (c) When the water is boiling, the reading of the compression balance decreases by 0.04 kg in 160 s. Calculate the specific
latent heat of vaporization of the water.

[2 marks]
(d) Explain why at the boiling point, the temperature of water remain unchanged.
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

time graph for the heating of a 50 g substance. The initial state of the substance is
21. Diagram 4 shows a temperature-time
solid.

(a) (i) What is the meaning of temperature?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
(ii) What is the melting point of the substance?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
(b) What is the physical state of the substance at QR?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
(c) Determine the time taken for the substance to change from solid state to liquid state.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

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 0 0
ergy required to raise the temperature of the substance from 30 C to 80 C. Given the specific
(d) Calculate the heat energy
-1 0 -1
heat capacity of the substance as 1720 J kg C .

[3 marks]

22. An experiment is carried out to investigate the relationship

relationship between the pressure, P and the temperature, Ө of a fixed
mass of a gas. The graph of pressure, P against temperature, Ө obtained is as shown in Diagram 2.

(a) (i) What is the value of temperature, T0 when the pressure of the gas is zero?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
(ii) What is the name given to To?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
(b) Name the physics law that explain the observation of the above experiment.
ex
............................................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark ]
...............................................................................................................................................................................
(c) In the space below, sketch the graph of pressure, P against temperature, Ө when the temperate of a gas is expressed
in Kelvin.

[2 marks]

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23. Diagram 5.1 shows air was trapped in a beaker at the surface of water. The beaker is then push into the water until it
sinks at a depth, h, as shown in Diagram 5.2.

(a) Name the type of pressure that acts on the surface of water.
................................................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
...................................................................................................................................................................................
(b) Based
sed on the Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2; compare
(i) The volume of air trapped in the beaker.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………….………………………………… [1 mark ]
(ii) The pressure of air trapped in the beaker
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………….………………………………… [1 mark ]
(c) (i) Based on the answer in 5(b)(i) and 5(b)(ii), state the relationship between the volume of
of air trapped and its pressure.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………….………………………………… [1 mark ]
(ii) Name the law involved in your answer in 5(c)(i).
........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................... [1 mark]
(d) When the pushing force that pushes the beaker in Diagram 5.2 is removed, the beaker
beaker moved upward the water surface
again. Explain why the beaker moved upward the water surface.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………..……………….………………………………… [3 marks ]

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24. Figure 6.1 shows the condition of a balloon which is attached to the opening of a test tube and after the test tube is
heated by a Bunsen burner. Figure 6.2 shows the condition of air column trapped by the sulfuric acid in a capillary tube
before and after the water in the beaker is heated by the burner.

(a) Observe the figure above,

(i) State one similarity of the air in the balloon and the air in the capillary tube.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………….………………………………… [1 mark ]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………….…………………………………
(ii) Compare the mass of air in the balloon in figure 6.1(a) and 6.1(b).
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………….………………………………… [1 mark ]
(b) Based in your
ur answer in (a)(i) and (a)(ii), make a relationship between the physical quantities involved.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………….………………………………… [1 mark ]
(c) Name the physics law that involved in (b).
.............................................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(d) Based on the kinetic theory of mass, explain the law the you mentioned in (c).
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………..……………….…………………………………
………………….……………………………………………………..……………….………………………………… [3 marks ]
(e) Blow in air into another balloon and tie the balloon with a string.
(i) After a few days, what will happen to the size of the balloon?
............................................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]
............................................................................................................................................................
(ii) Give one reason for your answer.
............................................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]
............................................................................................................................................................

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 25. Diagram 5.1 and 5.2 show instrument K being used to measure pressure for a fixed mass of gas in an air-tight
container.

a) Name the instrument K.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………..……………… [1 mark]
b) Based on the observations of Diagram 5.1 and 5.2,
(i) Compare the volume of the gas
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……. [1 mark]
(ii) Compare the pressure of the gas
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]
(iii) State one assumption made while performing the experiment
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……. [1 mark]
(c) Using your answer in (b)(i) and b(ii), sketch
ketch the graph of pressure against volume of the gas.

(d) Name the physics law which is involved in the above observation
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……. [1 mark]
(e) Using the kinetic theory of matter, explain why pressure changes when the gas volume changes.
……………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………. [2 marks]

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26. Diagram 7 shows a tyre of a car that is going to be used to travel from Kuala Lumpur to Kuala Terengganu.

Diagram 7
(a) After the long journey,
(i) what happen to the temperature of the air in the tyre
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..... [1 mark]
(ii) state one other physical quantity that will also change.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………..... [1 mark]
(b) Based on the answers in (a) (i) and (a) (ii), name the gas law involve.
………………………………………………………………………................................................................................................................ [1mark]
c) Before a long journey, the driver checked the air pressure of his car tyres. The air pressure of the tyres was 200 kPa at a
0
temperature 27 C. After the journey, the air pressure of the tyres was found to have increased to 230 kPa. What is the
temperature of the air in the tyre after the journey? [Assume the volume of the tyre is constant]

[3 marks]
(d) The tyre in Diagram 7 is not suitable to be used on a muddy road. Suggest modifications to be done based on the
characteristics given.
(i) Surface area of the tyre
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]
(ii) Reason
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]
(iii) The track of the tyre
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]
(iv) Reason
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

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