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Burner suppliers usually state their emissions of NOx and CO in lb/MM Btu fired on
HHV basis. However pollution regulation agencies use the units ppmvd(parts per million
on dry volume basis adjusted to 3 % oxygen dry in the case of steam generators and 15 %
oxygen dry in the case of gas turbine exhaust).The procedure describes how one can
perform these conversions.
Combustion calculations were performed for typical natural gas and #2 fuel oil. Table
below shows the flue gas analysis,molecular weight and flue gas generated per MM Btu
fired at different excess air levels.
Excess 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30
air,%
If w lb/h of NOx in a total exhaust flow of W lb/h,the following expression gives the NOx in
volumetric units.
V=100x(w/46)/(W/MW)/(100-% H2O)
where % H2O=volume of water vapor in exhaust gas
MW=molecular weight of exhaust gas
Converting V to 15 % oxygen dry,we have:
Vn=Vx(21-15)x106/(21-%O2dry)= Vx F
%O2dry=100xO2/(100-O2)
Similarly CO can be converted: Vc=Vnx1.642
Example: 550,000 lb/h of turbine exhaust having the analysis:% vol
CO2=3.5,H2O=10,N2=75,O2=11.5 contains 25 lb/h of NOx and 15 lb/h of CO.
MW=.01x(3.5x44+10x18+75x28+11.5x32)=28
V=100x(25/46)/(550,000/28)/(100-10)=0.00003074
%O2dry=100x11.5/(100-10)=12.78
Vn=0.00003074x6x106/(21-12.78)=22.4 ppmvd
Similarly,Vc=(15/25)x22.4x1.642=22 ppmvd