2 Motion II

Practice 2.1 (p. 61) 10 (a) The object moves with a constant
1 D velocity.
2 B (b) The object moves with a uniform
3 D acceleration from rest.
4 D (c) The object moves with a uniform
5 B deceleration, starting with a certain
30 − 10 initial velocity. Its velocity becomes
v= = 10 m s–1
2
zero finally.
The velocity of the car at t = 2 s is 10 m s–1.
(d) The object first moves with a uniform
6 C
acceleration from rest, then at a constant
7 (a) Total displacement
velocity, and finally moves with a
= 4 × 5 + (−5) × (7 − 5) = 10 m
smaller uniform acceleration again.
The total displacement from the
(e) The object moves at a constant velocity
staircase to her classroom is 10 m.
and then suddenly moves at constant
(b) Classroom C
velocity of same magnitude in the
8
opposite direction.
(f) The object moves with uniform
deceleration from an initial velocity to
rest, and continue to move with the
uniform acceleration of the same
magnitude in opposite direction.
11 (a) The object moves with zero acceleration
9 (a) The object accelerates.
(with constant velocity of 50 m s–1).
(b) The object first moves with a constant
(b) The object moves with a uniform
velocity. Then it becomes stationary and
acceleration of 5 m s–2.
finally moves with a higher constant
(c) The object moves with uniform
velocity again.
deceleration of 5 m s–2.
(c) The object decelerates to rest, and then
12 (a) It moves away from the sensor.
accelerates in opposite direction to
return to its starting point.
(d) The object moves with uniform velocity
towards the origin (the zero
displacement position), passes the origin,
and continues to move away from the
origin with the same uniform velocity.

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 (b) (c) The greatest rate of change in speed
0 − 3.5
=
2
= –1.75 m s–2
(d) Total distance travelled
= area under the graph
3.5 × 2 2 × 6
= +
2 2
= 9.5 m

Practice 2.2 (p. 71)

1 C
By v2 = u2 + 2as,
2
290
=0+2×1×s
13 (a) 3.6
s = 3240 m = 3.24 km < 3.5 km
The minimum length of the runway is
3.5 km.
2 B
Cyclist X is moving at constant speed.
Time for cyclist X to reach finish line
displacement 150
= = = 30 s
time 5
For cyclist Y: u = 5 m s–1, s = 250 m,
(b) Total distance travelled a = 2 m s–2
= area under the graph 1 2
By s = ut + at ,
(12 + 6) × 3 2
= 1
2 250 = 5 × t + × 2 × t2
= 27 m 2

(c) Average speed t = 13.5 s or t = −18.5 s (rejected)

total distance travelled Y needs 13.5 s to reach finish line.
=
time taken Therefore, cyclist Y will win the race.
27 3 B
=
3
Since the bullet start decelerates after fired
= 9 m s–1
into the wall, we could just consider the
14 (a) She moves towards the motion sensor.
displacement of the bullet in the wall. To
(b) The highest speed of the girl in the
prevent the bullet from penetrating the wall,
journey is 3.5 m s–1.
the bullet must stop in the wall.

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 By v2 = u2 + 2as, 8 By v = u + at,
2
0 = 500 + 2 × (−800 000) × s 14 = u + 2 × 5
s = 0.156 m = 15.6 cm < 15.8 cm u = 4 m s–1
The minimum thickness of the wall is By v2 = u2 + 2as,
15.8 m. 142 = 42 + 2 × 2 × s
4 C s = 45 m
When the dog catches the thief at t = 5 s, its The displacement of the girl is 45 m.
total displacement is 30 m. The dog is sitting 9 (a) v = u + at = 0 + 20 × 0.3 = 6 m s−1
initially, so u = 0. The horizontal speed of the ball
1 travelling towards the goalkeeper is
By s = ut + at2,
2
6 m s−1.
1
30 = 0 + a(5)2 (b) By v2 = u2 + 2as,
2
02 − 62
a = 2.4 m s–2 a= = –22.5 m s−2
2 × 0.8
Its acceleration is 2.4 m s–2.
The deceleration of the football should
5 D
90 36 be 22.5 m s−2.
−
v−u 10 (a) The reaction time of the cyclist is
6 a= = 3.6 3.6 = 1.5 m s–2
t 10 0.5 s.
2 2
By v = u + 2as, (b) Braking distance
90
2
36
2
=
(2.0 − 0.5)×15 = 11.25 m
−
2
v −u 2
3.6 3.6 2
s= = = 175 m
2a 2 × 1.5 Thinking distance
The distance travelled by the motorcycle is = 15 × 0.5 = 7.5 m
–2
175 m and its acceleration is 1.5 m s . Stopping distance
7 (a) Thinking distance = 11.25 + 7.5 = 18.75 m
20 m
= speed × reaction time Therefore, the bicycle would not hit the
108 child.
= × 0.8 = 24 m
3.6 11 By v = u2 + 2as,
2

(b) Since the car decelerates uniformly, 0 = 32 + 2 × (–0.5) × s

braking distance s=9m8m
v+u
= ×t Therefore, the golf ball can reach the hole.
2
108 12 (a) (i) By v = u + at,
+0
0 = u + (–4)(4.75)
= 3.6 × (3 − 0.8)
2 u = 19 m s–1
= 33 m The initial velocity of the car is
(c) Stopping distance 19 m s–1.
= thinking distance + braking distance
= 24 + 33 = 57 m

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 (ii) By v2 = u2 + 2as, 3 C
2
0 = 19 + 2 × (–4) × s For option A, apply equation v2 = u2 – 2gs
s = 45.1 m and take s = 0 (the ball returns to the second
The displacement of the car before floor),
it stops in front of the traffic light v = –u = –10 m s–1 (vertically downwards)
is 45.1 m. This is the same velocity as the initial velocity
2 2
(b) By v = u + 2as, of option B.
2
17 = 0 + 2 × 3 × s Therefore, in both ways the ball has the same
s = 48.2 m vertical speed when it reaches the ground.
The displacement of the car between 4 B
–1
starting from rest and moving at 17 m s Take the upward direction as positive.
is 48.2 m. 1
By s = ut + at2,
2
13 (a) By v2 = u2 + 2as,
1
v2 = 0 + 2 × 0.1 × 500 0 = u × 30 + × (−10) × 302
2
v = 10 m s–1 u = 150 m s–1
–1
His speed is 10 m s . The speed of the bullet is 150 m s–1 when it is
(b) Consider the first section. fired.
By v = u + at, 5
v−u
t= Distance
a Speed of
10 − 0 travelled by
= stone
0.1 the stone
= 100 s 1
Equation used v = u + at s = ut + at 2
Consider the second section. 2
1 t=1s 10 m s–1 5m
By s = ut + at2,
2 t=2s 20 m s –1
20 m
1
800 = 10t + × 0.5t2 t=3s 30 m s –1
45 m
2
t=4s 40 m s–1 80 m
t = 40 s or t = –80 s (rejected)
1
Total time taken 6 By s = ut + at2,
2
= 100 + 40 1
10 = 0 + (10) t2
= 140 s 2
It takes 140 s for Jason to travel t = 1.41 s
downhill. v = u + at
= 0 + 10(1.41)
Practice 2.3 (p. 83) = 14.1 m s–1
1 D It takes 1.41 s for a diver to drop from a 10-m
2 D platform. His speed is 14.1 m s–1 when he
enters the water.

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7 Take the upward direction as positive. Besides, since Y spends a shorter time to
2 2
By v = u + 2as, reach its highest point, it should be fired
2
4 = 0 + (2)(–10)s after X.
s = 0.8 m 1 2
10 (a) By s = ut + at ,
2
The highest position reached by the puppy is
1
0.8 m above the ground. 120 = 8t + × 10 × t2
2
8 (a) Consider the boy’s downward journey. t = 4.16 s or t = −5.76 s (rejected)
Take the downward direction as It takes 4.16 s to reach the ground.
positive. (b) v = u + at = 8 + 10 × 4.16 = 49.6 m s–1
1
By s = ut + at2, Its speed on hitting the ground is
2
1 49.6 m s–1.
0.5 = 0 + (10) t2
2 11 (a) Distance between the ceiling and her
t = 0.316 s hands
Hang-time of the boy = 6 – 2 – 1.2 = 2.8 m
= 0.316 × 2 = 0.632 s (b) Let s be her vertical displacement when
(b) Take the upward direction as positive. she jumps.
2 2
By v = u + 2as, As the maximum jumping speed is
2
0 = u + 2 × (–10) × 0.5 8 m s–1, i.e. u = 8 m s–1.
u = 3.16 m s–1 By v2 = u2 + 2as,
The jumping speed of the boy is v2 − u2
s=
3.16 m s–1. 2a
9 Take the upward direction as positive. 0 − 82
2
= (upwards is positive)
2 × (−10)
(a) By v2 = u2 + 2as,
0 = u2 + 2(–10)(200) s = 3.2 m > 2.8 m

u = 63.2 m s–1 Therefore, the indoor playground is not

The velocity of the firework X is safe for playing trampoline.

1
63.2 m s–1 when it is fired. 12 (a) By s = ut + at2,
2
(b) By v = u + at, 1
132 = 0 × t + × 10 × t2
0 = 63.2 + (–10)t 2
t = 6.32 s t = 5.14 s
It takes 6.32 s for the firework X to reach The vehicle can experience a free fall in
that height. the Zero-G facility for 5.14 s.
(c) From (a) and (b), for firework Y to (b) By v2 = u2 + 2as,
explode at 130 m above the ground, the v2 = 02 + 2 × 10 × 132
speed of Y should be smaller than that of v = 51.4 m s−1
X. Therefore, Y should be fired at a The speed of the vehicle before it comes
lower speed. to a stop is 51.4 m s−1.

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 (c) Take the upward direction as positive.
By v = u + at,
–v = v – gt
2v = gt
If the stone is projected with a speed of 2v, let
the new time of travel be t′.
(–2v) = (2v) – gt′
v
t′ = 4 ( )
g
= 2t
Its new time of travel is 2t.
6 B
Take the upward direction as positive.
Revision exercise 2 1
Multiple-choice (p. 87) s = ut + at2
2
1 D 1
= (10)(4) + (–10)(4)2
By v2 = u2 + 2as, 2
0 = 102 + 2a(25 – 10 × 0.2) = –40 m
a = –2.17 m s–2 The distance between the sandbag and the
His minimum deceleration is 2.17 m s–2. ground is 40 m when it leaves the balloon.
2 D 7 D
3 B 8 C
Consider the rock released from the 2nd floor. Take the downward direction as positive.
By v2 = u2 + 2as, u = 200 m s–1, v = 5 m s–1, a = −20 m s–2
v2 = 2as (as u = 0) By v = u + at,
Then consider the rock released from the 7th 5 = 200 + (−20)t
floor. t = 9.75 s
Note that s2 = 3.5s. The rockets should be fired for at least 9.75 s.
(v2)2 = 2as2 Both C and D satisfy this requirement. But for
= 3.5(2as) D, after firing for 10.2 s,
= 3.5v2 v = u + at
v2 = 1.87v = 200 + (–20)(10.2)
4 A = –4 m s–1
5 C i.e. it flies away from the Moon with 4 m s–1
The stone returns to the ground with the same upwards. It cannot land on the Moon.
speed (but in opposite direction). Therefore, the correct answer is C.
9 D
10 D

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11 (HKCEE 2006 Paper II Q1) (b) (i)
12 (HKCEE 2007 Paper II Q2)
13 (HKCEE 2007 Paper II Q33)

Conventional (p. 89)

1 (a) The reaction time of the driver is 0.6 s.
(1A)
v
(b) a= (1M)
t
0 − 12
=
3.6 − 0.6
= –4 m s–2 (1A) (Correct axes with label) (1A)
The acceleration of the car is –4 m s–2. (A straight line with slope = 0.35 m s–1
(c) The stopping distance of the car is the from t = 1.20 s to 1.25 s) (1A)
area under graph. (1M) (A straight line with slope = –0.35 m s–1
Stopping distance from t = 1.45 s to 1.50 s) (1A)
12 × (3.6 − 0.6)
=12 × 0.6 + (ii)
2
= 25.2 m (1A)
The stopping distance of the car is
shorter than 27 m. The driver will not be
charged with driving past a red light.
(1A)
2 (a) The object moves away from the motion
sensor with uniform velocity at
0.35 m s–1 from t = 1.20 s to 1.25 s.(1A)
From t = 1.25 s to 1.45 s, the object
moves with negative acceleration. (1A)
Then, from t = 1.45 s to 1.50 s, the (Correct axes with labels) (1A)
object changes its moving direction and (Correct graph with the acceleration of
moves towards the motion sensor again −0.35 − 0.35
about
with a uniform velocity of –0.35 m s–1. 1.40 − 1.30

(1A) = –7 m s–2 at t = 1.30 s to 1.40 s) (1A)

! 
3 (a) (b) Total displacement of the car
= area bound by the v−t graph and the
time axis (1M)
1 1
= (5 × 5) − (20 × 3)
2 2
= −17.5 m (1A)
(c) Yes, the car moves 12.5 m forwards
from t = 0 to t = 5 s. Therefore, it hits
the roadblock. (1A)
5 Take the upward direction as positive.
(a) From point A to the highest point:
By v2 = u2 + 2as,
(Correct axes with labels) (1A)
0 = 42 + 2 (–10) s
(Correct shape of minibus’ graph) (1A)
s = 0.8 m (1M)
(Correct shape of sports car’s graph) (1A)
By v = u + at,
(Correct values) (1A)
0 = 4 + (–10)t
(b) From the graph in (a), the two vehicles have
t = 0.4 s (1M)
the same velocity at t ≈ 2.3 s after passing the
From the highest point to the trampoline:
traffic light. (1A) 1
s = ut + at2 (1M)
(c) The area under graph is the displacement of 2
the cars. (1M) 1
= 0 + (–10)(1.2 – 0.4)2
Consider their displacements at t = 3 s, 2
For the sports car: = –3.2 m (1A)
1 The maximum height reached by him is
s = × 15 × 3 = 22.5 m (1A)
2 3.2 m above the trampoline.
For the minibus: (b) Height of point A above the trampoline
1
s = × (7 + 13) × 3 = 30 m (1A) = 3.2 – 0.8 (1M)
2
= 2.4 m (1A)
The minibus will take the lead 3 s after
6 (a) Initial velocity v
passing the traffic light. (1A)
= 90 km h–1
4 (a) The car moves forward with uniform 90
= m s–1
acceleration at −1 m s−2 from t = 0 s to 3.6
t = 5 s. (1A) = 25 m s–1
Its instantaneous velocity is 0 at t = 5 s. Thinking distance
(1A) =v×t (1M)
Then the car changes its moving = 25 × 0.2
direction. From t = 5 s to t = 8 s, it =5m (1A)
moves backwards with a uniform The thinking distance is 5 m.
−2
acceleration of −6.67 m s . (1A)

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 (b) By v2 = u2 + 2as, (1M) (c) The slope of the graph is the magnitude
v2 − u2 of the acceleration of the apple. (1A)
a=
2s
0 − 25 2
2 speed / m s−1
=
2 × (80 − 5)
7.75
= −4.17 m s–2 (1A)
Hence, the deceleration of the car is
4.17 m s–2.
(c) By v2 = u2 + 2as, (1M)
2 2 time / s
v −u 0
s= 0.775
2a
(Correct labelled axes) (2A)
0 2 − 25 2
= (Straight line with a slope of 10 m s−2)
2 × ( − 4.17 × 2)
(1A)
= 37.5 m (1M)
(d) The two graphs have no difference.
Braking distance = 37.5 m
(1A)
Stopping distance
8 (a) Take the downward direction as
= 37.5 + 5 = 42.5 m (1A)
positive.
The driver could not stop before the
By v2 = u2 + 2gs, (1M)
traffic light. Therefore, his claim is 2
v = u + 2 gs
incorrect. (1A)
7 (a) Take the downward direction as = 0 2 + 2 × 10 × (40 − 3)
positive. = 27.2 m s–1 (1A)
1 The speed of the residents landing on the
By s = ut + gt2, (1M)
2
cushion is 27.2 m s−1.
1
3 = 0 × t + × 10 × t2 1
2 (b) (i) By s = ut + gt2, (1M)
2
3× 2 1
t= = 0.775 s (1A) 40 – 3 = 0 + × 10 × t2
10 2
The apple travels in air for 0.775 s. t = 2.72 s (1A)
(b) By v2 = u2 + 2as, (1M) The time of travel in air is 2.72 s.
v = 2 × 10 × 3 u+v
(ii) By s = t, (1M)
= 7.75 m s−1 (1A) 2
2s
The speed of the apple is 7.75 m s –1 t=
u+v
when the apple just reaches the ground. 2×3
= t
27.2 + 0
= 0.221 s (1A)
The time of contact is 0.221 s.

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 (c) (b) Slope of the graph from t = 0
to t = 0.28 s
2.3 − 0
= (1M)
0.28 − 0
= 8.21 m s–2 (1A)
The acceleration of the ball due to
gravity is 8.21 m s–2.
(c) (i)

(Correct labeled axes) (1A)

(Correct shape) (1A)
(Correct values) (1A)
9 (a) t = 2 s:
Displacement of the trolley
= 0.7 − 0.15 = 0.55 m (1A)
t = 3.4 s:
Displacement of the trolley
= 1.175 − 0.15 = 1.025 m (1A)
t = 4.9 s:
Displacement of the trolley
= 0.6 − 0.15 = 0.45 m (1A)
(b) It moves away from the motion sensor (Correct sign) (1A)

with a changing speed from t = 2 s to (Correct shape) (1A)

t = 3.4 s. (1A) (ii) The method does not work (1A)

Then it rests momentarily at t = 3.4 s. since ultrasound will be reflected

(1A) by the transparent plastic plate.

After that, it moves towards the motion (1A)

sensor with a changing speed. (1A) 11 (a) (i) The ball is held 0.15 m from sensor
1 before being released. The ball hits
(c) By s = ut + at2, (1M)
2 the ground which is 1.1 m from the
1 sensor. (1A)
−0.1 = 0.7 × 2.9 + × a × (2.9)2
2
Therefore, the ball drops a height
a = −0.507 m s−2 (1A)
of 0.95 m. (1A)
The acceleration of the trolley is
(ii) The ball rebounds to the positions
−0.507 m s−2.
which are 0.45 m, 0.65 m and
10 (a) The motion sensor is protruded outside
0.775 m from the sensor in its first
the table to avoid the reflection of
3 rebounds.
ultrasonic signal from table. (1A)

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 At the 1st rebound, the ball rises up The average acceleration is 66.6 m s–2.
(1.1 − 0.45) = 0.65 m. (1A) (c)
nd
At the 2 rebound, the ball rises up v / m s−1
(1.1 − 0.65) = 0.45 m. (1A) 6.32
rd
At the 3 rebound, the ball rises up
(1.1 − 0.775) = 0.325 m. (1A)
(b) (i) The ball hits the ground with t3 t/s
–1 –1 t1 t2 t4 t5
velocities of 3.9 m s , 3.25 m s
and 2.75 m s–1 in its first 3
rebounds. (3A)
−6.32
(ii) Acceleration
3.9 (3 straight lines) (1A)
= slope of graph = (1M)
0.95 − 0.55 (Correct slopes) (1A)
= 9.75 m s–2 (1A) (Correct labels of time and velocity)(1A)
12 Take the downward direction as positive. 13 (a) Speed v = 70 km h–1
1 70
(a) By s = ut + gt2, (1M) = m s–1
2 3.6
1
2 = 0 × t + × 10 × t2 = 19.4 m s–1
2
d
2×2 Reaction time = (1M)
t= = 0.632 s (1A) v
10 6
=
It takes 0.632 s from t1 to t2. 19.4
(b) At t2, = 0.309 s (1A)
v = u + at The reaction time of the man was
= 0 + 10 × 0.632 0.309 s.
–1
= 6.32 m s (1M) (b) By v2 = u2 + 2as, (1M)
–1
Shirley’s speed is 6.32 m s when she v2 − u2
a=
lands on the trampoline at t2. 2s
At t4, she leaves the trampoline at the 0 − 19.4 2
2
=
2 × 48
same speed. Therefore, from t3 to t4,
= –3.92 m s–2 (1A)
by v2 = u2 + 2as, (1M)
v2 − u2 The average deceleration of the car was
a= 3.92 m s–2.
2s
(−6.32) 2 − 0 2 (c) Speed v
=
2 × 0.3 = 80 km h–1
= 66.6 m s–2 (1A) 80
= m s–1
3.6
= 22.2 m s–1

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 Thinking distance Take the upward direction as positive.
= vt 1
s = ut + at2 (1M)
2
= 22.2 × 0.309
1
= 6.86 m (1A) = 7 × 1.75 + × (–10) × 1.752
2
2 2
By v = u + 2as, = –3.06 m (negative means the water
braking distance s is below the spring board)
v2 − u2
= The spring board is 3.06 m above the
2a
water. (1A)
0 − 22.2 2
2
= Alternative method:
2 × (−3.92)
Consider the upward motion and
= 62.9 m (1A)
downward motion separately.
Therefore, the stopping distance
For the upward motion, she takes 0.7 s
= 6.86 + 62.9
to reach the highest point from the
= 69.8 m (1A)
spring board.
This stopping distance is greater than the
Take the upward direction as positive.
initial distance between the car and the 1
By s = ut + at2, (1M)
boy. (1A) 2
Therefore, the car would have knocked 1
s1 = 7 × 0.7 + × (–10) × 0.72
down the boy if the car had travelled at 2

80 km h−1 or faster. = 2.45 m

(d) A drunk has a longer reaction time.(1A) For the downward motion, she takes

This means that the thinking distance, 1.05 s from the highest point to enter

and thus the stopping distance (sum of water.

thinking distance and braking distance), Take the downward direction as

increases. (1A) positive.

1 2
14 (a) Take the upward direction as positive. By s = ut + gt ,
2
By v = u + at, (1M) 1
s2 = 0 + × 10 × 1.052 = 5.51 m
u = 0 − (−10) × 0.7 2
= 7 m s–1 (1A) Therefore the height of the spring board
The speed of Belinda leaving the spring above the water
–1
board is 7 m s . = s2 – s1
(b) Total time taken from the spring board = 5.51 – 2.45
to the water = 3.06 m (1A)
= 0.7 + 1.05 = 1.75 s (c) v = u + at (1M)
= 0 + (−10) × 1.05
= −10.5 m s–1 (1A)
The speed of the diver entering the water
is 10.5 m s–1.

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 (d) Deceleration of car Y
= slope of the graph during 0.5 s−8.5 s
0 − 19.4
= = –2.43 m s–2
8.5 − 0.5

The deceleration of car Y is 2.43 m s–2.

(1A)
(c) Thinking distance
= area under the graph during 0−0.5 s
= 19.4 × 0.5
= 9.7 m (1A)
(Correct shape) (1A) Braking distance
(Correct times) (1A) = area under the graph during 0.5 s−8.5 s
1
(Correct velocities) (1A) = × 19.4 × (8.5 – 0.5)
2
(e) (See the figure in (d).)
= 77.6 m (1A)
(Correct slope - parallel to that in (d).)
The thinking distance and the braking
(1A)
distance are 9.7 m and 77.6 m
(Correct position – above that in (d).)
respectively.
(1A)
(d) The coloured area is equal to the
15 (a) Speed 70 km h–1
difference in the stopping distances
70
= m s–1 travelled by cars X and Y. (1A)
3.6
= 19.4 m s –1 (e) Stopping distance of car X
Distance travelled by car Y in 2 s = area under the graph during 0−5 s
1
= vt = 19.4 × 2 = 38.8 m < 50 m (1M) = × 19.4 × 5 = 48.5 m
2
Since the distance between the cars is
Coloured area
greater than the distance that car Y can
= 9.7 + 77.6 – 48.5 (1M)
travel in 2 s, the driver of car Y obeys
= 38.8 m < 50 m (1M)
the rule. (1A)
Since the difference in stopping
(b) Deceleration of a car is the slope of their
distances of the cars is smaller than the
corresponding v–t graph. (1M)
initial separation of the cars, the two cars
Deceleration of car X
do not collide with each other before
= slope of the graph during 0−5 s
they stop. (1A)
0 − 19.4
= 16 (a) From t = 0 s to t = 5 s, the car moves
5−0
with a uniform acceleration of
= –3.88 m s–2 17 − 0
= 3.4 m s–2. (1A)
5
The deceleration of car X is 3.88 m s–2.
(1A)


 From t = 5 s to t = 20 s, the car moves 1 2
(b) s = ut + at (1M)
2
with a constant velocity of 17 m s–1.
1
(1A) = 0 + × 17.5 × (8 × 60)2
2
From t = 20 s to t = 28 s, the car moves = 2 016 000 m (2016 km) (1A)
with a uniform acceleration of The Shuttle travels 2 016 000 m
0 − 17
= −2.125 m s–2. (1A) (2016 km) in the first 8 minutes.
28 − 20
19 (a) (i) The cyclist is using first gear when
From t = 28 s to t = 30 s, the car remains
the acceleration is greatest before
at rest. (1A)
braking. (1A)
(b)
(ii) The cyclist uses second gear for the
shortest time. (1A)
(b) Distance travelled
= area under straight line PQ (1M)
(8 + 6) × 2
= (1M)
2
= 14 m (1A)
The cyclist travels 14 m in second gear.
(c) The acceleration during t = 18 s−20 s
0−9
= (1M)
20 − 18
= −4.5 m s–2 (1A)
–2
The deceleration is 4.5 m s .
20 (HKCEE 2005 Paper I Q1)
(Correct shape) (1A) 1
21 (a) s = ut + at2 (1M)
(Correct time instants) (1A) 2
(Correct accelerations) (1A) 1
= 0 + × 10 × (500 × 10−3)2
2
(c) Yes. (1A)
= 1.25 m (1A)
The car changes direction at t = 30 s.
Therefore the minimum height the
(1A)
laptop must fall for it to be ‘saved’ is
Its velocity changes from positive to
1.25 m.
negative, showing a change in its
(b) v = u + at (1M)
travelling direction. (1A)
−3
= 0 + 10 × (500 × 10 )
17 (HKCEE 2002 Paper I Q8)
= 5 m s−1 (1A)
18 (a) v = u + at (1M)
The speed of the computer when it hits
= 0 + 17.5 × 8 × 60
the ground is 5 m s–1.
= 8400 m s–1 (1A)
The speed of the Shuttle after the first 8
minutes is 8400 m s–1.


 (c) Most falls are likely to be from below Physics in articles (p. 96)
this height, (1A) (a) 2.45 m (1A)
so the protection will not have taken (b) (i) Take the upward direction as positive.
effect. (1A) By v2 = u2 + 2as, (1M)
2 2
22 (a) Any one from: (1A) u = v − 2as
Rate of change of displacement u2 = 0 − 2(−10)(2.45 + 0.07 − 1.09)
Displacement per unit time u = 5.35 m s−1 (1A)
(b) The velocity of a braking car is The vertical speed of Javier Sotomayor
decreasing (with time) (1A) is 5.35 m s−1 when he leaves the ground.
so the car has negative acceleration.(1A) (ii) Take the upward direction as positive.
Its displacement is (still) increasing with Consider the upward journey.
time, (1A) By v = u + at, (1M)
so its velocity is (still) positive (1A) v − u 0 − 5.35
t= = = 0.54 s
In this case, the acceleration and a − 10

velocity are in opposite directions. (1A) Consider the downward journey.

1
(c) (i) By s = ut + at2, (1M)
2
1
− (2.45 + 0.07 − 0.71) = 0 + (− 10) t2
2
t = 0.60 s
The time that he stays in the air
= (0.54 + 0.60) = 1.14 s (1A)
Alternative method:
Take the upward direction as positive.
1
By s = ut + at2, (1M)
2
(0.71 − 1.09) = 5.35t + 1 (− 10)t 2 (1M)
2
(Correct graph) (1A)
t = 1.14 s or t = −0.07 s (rejected)
(ii) Vertical distance travelled
(1A)
= area under the graph from 4.0 s
The time that he stays in the air is 1.14 s.
to 10.0 s (1M)
=
(70 + 130)× 6
2
= 600 m (1A)
The vertical distance travelled by
the rocket between t = 4.0 s and t =
10.0 s is 600 m.