RaYtheon

Optomechanical Drawings:
ISO Standards, Geometric Dimensioning &
Tolerancing and Drawing Practices

Anees Ahmad
Raytheon Missile Systems
Tucson, AZ

Phone: 520/545-7870
Email: aahmad~raytheon.com
 Drawlng Standards fla$heon

• Two commonly used standards

International Standards Organization (ISO)
—

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

—

> American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) is now

responsible for updating & maintaining these standards

• These standards explain how to indicate/callout the desired

features on a drawing for a finished product

• The values of these desired features are not specified by

these standards

• ISO standards are fairly commonly used in optical industry

and shops
2

—iiir~lr~vlI~ if
 ANSI Standards Raytheon
• Principle US national standard covering mechanical drawing
practice is ASME/ANSI Y14.5M, Dimensioning and
Tolerancing.

• This standard explains how to represent on drawings

concepts such as maintaining parallelism between two
surfaces or how to specify location of holes, etc.

• Defines the symbols for expressing various features

• Two other related standards used in conjunction with ASME/

ANSI Y14.5M are:
- ASME/ANSI Y14.36, Surface Texture Symbols and
—ASME/ANSI B46.1, Surface Texture dealing with the finish of
machined parts.
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 Optical Drawing Standards Raytheon

• Handful of US voluntary standards relate to optical and

optomechanical drawings

• The only standard that has any practical impact on optics is

ASME Y14.18M-86, Optical Parts (originally MIL-STD-34,
Preparation of Drawings for Optical Elements)

• ISO Technical Committee 172, Optics and optical

instruments, and has been writing optical standards since
1979
• Over 150 standards are either being worked on or are now

published

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 ISO Optical Drawing Standards Raytheon
• The two standards that are of greatest interest are:
— ISO 1011 0-X-1 996 (E) Optics and optical Instruments
- -

Preparation of optical drawings for optical elements and

systems
— ISO 9211 Optical coatings
-

• ISO 10110 is similar to ASME Y14.18M. There is no American

standard equivalent to ISO 9211

• ISO 10110 has 13 parts:

— Part I General
> Covers the mechanical aspects of optical drawings that are specific
to optics and not already covered in one of the other ISO drawing
standards.

~~~r1llr1rrl1TI
 ISO 10110 Standard Raytheon

• Part 2 Material Imperfections Stress birefringence

-

• Part 3 Material Imperfections -Bubbles and Inclusions

• Part 4 Material Imperfections lnhomogeneity and
-

striae
> Parts 2-4 cover material related parameters controlling the quality
of glass

• Part5 SurfacefOrm tolerances

> Concerns figure measurement and differentiates between figure
measured visually with a test plate or with a phase measuring
interlerometer

• Part 6 Centering tolerances

> deals with centering errors and allows either an entirely mechanical
method of tolerancing or an optomechanical one.

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 ISO 10110 Standard Raytheon

• Part 7 Surface imperfection tolerances

> This is equivalent to scratch and dig or surface beauty specification

• Part 8 Surface texture

> Concerns ground and polished surface texture and is unique to this
standard

• Part 9 Surface treatment and coating

> Tells how to indicate that a surface will be coated, but not what the
specifications of the coating are which is covered in ISO 9211.

• Part 10 Table representing data of a lens element

> Tells how to describe the parameters of an optical element in
tabular form and is the foundation of the effort to be able to transfer
data about optical elements electronically

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 ISO lOllOStandard Raytheon

• Part II Non- toleranced data

— Table of default tolerances on optical parameters so that if a particular
parameter is not specified, it should then be made to the tolerances
given in this table.

• Part 12 Aspheric surfaces

— Defines how to describe an aspheric surface. This method has been
coordinated with the major vendors of lens design software so the
definitions are consistent

• Part 13. Laser irradiation damage threshold

— Tells’ how to specify a laser power damage threshold on an optical
component, again a parameter that goes far beyond any other existing
standard.

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 ISO 10110-10:1996(E) . . . . . ~ so

Table 1 — Properties to’ be listed

Items Description ‘ . .

Material Type, name, identification number of the material . . . .. S

n If appropriate, refractive index and Abbe number (and tolerances) in accordance with
v 1S07944 ‘‘

R Radius of curvature with tolerance, if desired. . . .. ... .

. The direction of curvature shall be indicated as follows:’

‘ convex surface: CX .

• concave surface: CC ‘ . •, .

08 Optically effective diameter .

Protective chamfer Minimum and maximum permissible widths of the protective chamfer .

. Surface treatment and cpating in accordance with ISO 10110-9

0/ Stress birefringence tolerance in accordance with ISO lO11O~2:
1/ Indication of permissible bubbles and other inclusions in accordance with ISO 10110-3
2/ . lnhomogeneity arid striae classes in accordance with ISO 10110-4
3/ Surface form tolerance in accordance with ISO 1011 0-5’
- 4/ ‘ Centring tolerance in accordance with ISO 10110-6
) . 5/ Surface imperfection tolerance in accordance with ISO 10110-7 . S

Laser irradiation damage threshold indication in accordance with ISO 10110-13 (if appropri-
6I ate) .

S If appropriate, the words “To be cemented” shall be added ,

 .~ ISO . . S ‘ S. ISO 101.10-10:1996(E).

Drawing field
Indications in accordance with.3. ~ ‘ ‘ S

rabl~field . S

Indications In accordance with 3.2

Left’ surface ‘ Material specification Right surface

R ., R

~e . 5 ‘ 5

Protective chamfer ‘ n . . , Protective chamfer

‘S

3/ 0/ . ‘ 3/
4/ 1/ 4/
5/ ‘ 2/ ‘ ‘ S 5/’

6/~
6/8 . S , .. . S

To be cemented8 S S To be cemented*

Indications in accordance with S Title field . S

ISO 10110 5 Indications in accordance with 3.3

* (if required)

S ‘ Figure 1 — Tabular indication of data for a lens element -

 ~
1I~~ ~‘ ISO

Mater~at~peclfication Right surface

, .5 .

4~~ ør . ‘~ R ç~o

. l~ttLea ‘ ‘ ~e 29 .
S

0,4 .- 0,6 n(1 010 nrn) 1,875 9 ±0.001 . Protective chamfer. 0,4 — 0,6
®AR 209.1060 5 5 ‘ CI)AR 209.1.060 5 5

3/ 5(1) ‘ . 0/ 20 . 5 . 3/ 5(1)
4/ 1,4’ . 1/ SxO,1 5 S~ ‘ .4/-— ‘ S

5/5x0,1;C5x0,16;L3x0,004; S , 5 5/5x0,1;C5x0,16;L3x0,004; E
E0,4 2/ 1,2 , .
5

‘ 0,4
~1I8~ftrn~i O~Oflrn;i0 ~S 6/ 6 KWcm2 1 060 nm; 10
. 5 5

;5• . Lens 114.379

F~gute2 — Example of tabular indication of data for a lens element

- j
 Advantages of ISO Standards Raytheon
• Offer guidance on suggested values of certain features

• Contain a listing of default tolerances

• Much more thorough in their treatment of drawing features

• Being integrated in optical design software

• Drawings created using ISO standards are virtually noteless

• Indications on drawings use alphanumeric symbols

• Drawing can be interpreted by persons having any language

background without having to translate it
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 Geometric Dimensioning & Ra h ii
Tolerancing (GD&T)

• What is it?
A means of dimensioning & toleráncing a drawing using
—

standard symbols to convey-product function and design

relationship

• ANSI Y14.5 & ISO standards use the same symbols to

indicate critical features on a part drawing

• Why use GD&T?

— Provides max. production tolerances
— Saves money
— Ensures design requirements are carried out
— Ensures full interchangeability of mating parts
— Eliminates confusion by using a common international
engineering language
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 SYMBOL FOR: ANSI Y14.5 ISO

• STRAIGHTNESS .

FLATNESS: . .
.

CIRCULARITY . Q 0
..

CYLINDRICITY’ :.
PROFILE OF A . LINE . tTh •: tTh
PROFILE OF. ‘A SURFACE . ~. . . . .~ -

NONE
ALL AROUND—PROFILE .

ANGULARITY . . : .~•

PERPENDICULARITY J_ J_
PARALLELISM .. . . . ‘ /1:
POSITION .
4 .• . . 4.
.CONCENTRICITY/COAXIAUTV . 0 0
• SYMMETRY .

NONE .

• CIRCULAR RUNOUT >~‘ . .

TOTAL RUNOUT :
®
. .

..

AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION

AT LEAST MATERIAL CONDITION © . . NONE
•REGARDLESS:OF FEATURE SIZE.’.
® NONE
®
• :‘ ~• PROJECTED TOLERANCE ZONE ® , .

•DIAMETER •: . ‘‘ .. . 0 • • .‘ 0.
BASIC DIMENSION ~J
REFERENCE DIMENSION •~ (60) • . , (50)’ •
.•

DATUM FEATURE. “ .. .. ,~ OR~~I~

.

DATUM TARGET . •‘ .. . . .
— .

TARGET POINT • • X X
MAY BE FILLED IN
FIG. C3 COMPARISON OF SYMBOLS
 DIMENSION ORIGIN
: FEATURE CONTROL FRAME

• , CONICAL TAPER
•‘ • ‘SLOPE •

, cOUNTERBORE/SPOTFACE
COUNTERSINK

DEPTH/DEEP
SQUARE (SHAPE)
DIMENSION NOT TO SCALE

, NUMBER OF TIMES/PLACES
ARC LENGTH

RADIUS

• SPHERICAL RADIUS

SPHERICAL DIAMETER

FIG. CS COMPARISON OF SYMBOLS (CONTINUED)

 DIAMETER, COUNTERBORE AND COUNTERSINK SYMBOLS

Ø7THRU
LJØ14 ~ \/Ø1O
THRU
X 90°
L_... Counterbore
(or spotface)
symbol
L L Countersink
symbol

6.2—6.6

FIG. 73 COUNTERBORE OR SPOTFACE SYMBOL FIG. 74 COUNTERSINK SYMBOL

• 09.4-9.8
I +
4epth symbol
___________

FIG. 75 DEPTH SYMBOL

 -Th

PARALLELISM SYMBOL

THIS ON THE DRAWING THIS ON THE DRAWING

A~ — —

k’\
iY\
t~\
£1\
k\

MEANS THIS Note: The absence of a modifier indicates RFS applies.

Possible orientation
See 2.8(b).
0.12 wide tolerance zone
MEANS THIS a— 0.12 wide
:~ :: ~thesurface tolerance
zone

I. -~-

Datum plane A
Possible orientation
of feature axis
The surface must lie between two planes 0.12 apart which
are parallel to datum plane A. Additionally, the surface Datum plane A
must be within the specified limits of size.
Regardless of feature size, the feature axis must lie be-
FIG. 194 SPECIFYING PARALLELISM FOR A tween two planes 0.12 apart which are parallel to datum
PLANE SURFACE plane A. Additionally, the feature axis must be within
the specified tolerance of location.

FIG. 195 SPECIFYING PARALLELISM FOR AN

AXIS (FEATURE RFS)
 FLA TNESS SYMBOL

THIS ON THE DRAWING

MEANS THIS

The surface must lie between two parallel planes 0.25

apart. Additionally, the surface must be within the
specified limits of size.

FIG. 176 SPECIFYING FLATNESS’

 POSITIONAL TOLERANCE

• .

FIG. 126 CONVENTIONAL POSITIONAL TOLERANCING

AT MMC
 Examples of Drawings with RaViheon
• GD&T Tolerances

+.008

2X 0.530 — ~ ThRU

1410.014 ®IAIBICI

11.0001
1~

2.000
± .020

.375 ±.03O
—~

11
 I._,~:I

Examples of Drawings with

GD&T Tolerances

.625

.270 0 i.3~5£003
t*fø .003 Q~
fA~ B®I

2X.45X .06

0 1.000 ~
,~ ~ + .000
— .005

tJ_I0•°°~
IAI .002

sx Ø~2i0+.OOThHU 1.125. 12UNF-2A

— .001

.005 ® 1*10.003 ~I~Q~i

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 Drawing Practices. fla$heon

• Drawing numbering

• Creatio.n and release of drawings

• Steps involved in making changes to released drawings

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 Drawing Numbering Ra$heOn

• Information specified in the title block

— Drawing number selected from a block of nUmbers assigned by
the project CM office
> First few digits specify the project (top-level product)
> Next few digits specify the major subsystem
> Last few digits specify the part

— Name of the part (first line)

— Name of the next assembly part belongs to (second line)
— Size of.the drawing & revision level
— Cage code of the part manufacturer

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 Example of Drawing Title Block Rayiheon

~
THIR~LE PROJECTION CONTRACT: RAYTHEON COMPANY I
TUCSON. ARIZONA
N00019-98-C0 iii
UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED DWNR PFEIFLE DATE 000406
R I SE R •C OLD F I N G ER
,
A
CHK T.ARNDT
DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS
TOLERANCES
ANGLES ±0.5
FRACTIONS ±- -.
DECIMALS ±.XXX: • .XX:
ENGI~PANASITI
R
D S lvi AC S E N S ~J .
PARTS SHALL BE FREE OF BURRS
BROKEN EDGES .010 MAX
SURFACE
FILLET HROUGHNESS
MAX 125 1
CONTR APVD
~ C I 15090
SIZE CAGE CODE IDWG NO
I 2219 8 32 R1~/
INTERPRET DRAWING GOVT APVD
IN ACCORDANCE WITH
MIL-SID-I00 ANSI YII.5M-I982 SCALE 2.000 SHEET I OF 1

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 Drawing Release Steps IIa~i1eOfl

• Drawing prepared by engineer/designer

• Reviewed by engineers from other disciplines (optical,
mechanical, electronics, material, structural, thermal,
manufacturing, etc.)
• All changes are redlined and provided to the creator of the
drawing
• Drawing is checked by a checker
• Drawing is updated and released as Rev (Initial Release)
-

— A number of persons approve the release of drawing

• CM office vaults an electronic copy of the released drawing
in company database
• Electronic copy is available as “Read Only” to all persons
who have access privileges for that program

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 Drawing Changes Raytheon
• Reason for making. changes
— Fix drawing errors
— incorporate new notes
— Design and/or dimensional changes

• Steps involved in changing a drawing

— Process initiated by filling out a Engineering Change Request
(ECR) form
— ECR is reviewed and approved by the affected disciplines
— ECR is then presented to the Change Control Board (CCB)
— CCB authorizes making the changes to the drawing
— Changes are made to the drawing
— Drawing goes thru review and checking cycle.
— Changed drawing is presented to CCB for final approval
— Changed drawing is released again as next revision level
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 ~aytbeo~
ECR NUMBER lb. REV
Engineering Change Request
18931RMS (6/97)

SHEET 1 OF SHEETS
lo. PROGRAM le. PROGRAM CONTROL NUMBER 2. DOCUMENTS AFFECTED 2a. NEW 2b. CHANGED 2c. DELETED
.
.EO~MBE~_

. . 0 0
id. CONTRACT NO. ,

3. TITLE OF CHANGE

4. SUMMARY REASON ~ PRODUCIBILITY 0 TESTYIELD DOCUMENTATION 0 PRODUCT IMPROVEMENT 0 MANUFACTURING 0 OTHER

5. CAUSE/TYPE E~JMECHANICAL DESIGN 0 ELECTRICAL DESIGN 0 FABRICATION ASSEMBLY SYSTEM/SUBSYSTEM

0 VENDOR 0 DRAFTING 0 COMPONENTS/MATERIALS/PROCESSES

6. CLASS I FACTORS

DYES DNO
7. PROBLEM AND REASON FOR CHANGE

8. PROPOSED CHANGE

9. REQUESTER
. EXT BLDG, M/S ORG CODE DATE 11. CLASS
I 0.
12. ECP NO.

10. APPROVED
IIAorD-I

APPROVED . II B or D-II 0
13. CONTROL ITEMNUMBER 14. AFFECTED 111M NUMBER 15. AFFECTED Il.~vIEFFECTIVITY 16. RELEASE NEEDED BY

1 3a. CONTROL ITEM EFFECTIVITY (ESTIMATED)

~
17. CRB DATE 18. COORDINATED WITH DATE DATE DATE

DATE DATE PCC DATE

0 ACCEPT 0 REJECT

19. COMMENTS OR RELATED CHANGES

 Configurati~or~trol
Boards Raytheon
• Established by the program manager to approve or
disapprove proposed engineering changes
• CCBs evaluate the need for changes, confirm change
classifications and effectivities, and assure appropriate
analyses of changes and their effects.
•. CCBs are chaired by the applicable IPT leader or a nother
delegated person authorized by the program manager.
• CCB membership is based on the contract phase and may
include but is not limited to:
a. Program IPT representative
b. Program IPT configuration management representative
c. Operations
d. Engineering
e. Contracts and Estimating

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