DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER LOSS MEASUREMENT

AND CALCULATION OF % IMPEDANCE.

Loss Measurement by Power analyzer.
(A) No Load Loss : T/F LV side to be supplied with test voltage ( 3 Ø 440 Volts ) through Analyzer. The
ratio V/ Freq. = 250 V (Ph-N) / 50 Hz. Should be maintained ( i.e. if frequency is less than 50 Hz., The
test voltage should be reduced proportionately ) Measure / record the loss displayed on the
analyzer with corresponding readings of voltage & current.
B) Full Load Loss : Short LV terminals properly ( firmly). HV side to be supplied with test voltage,
through Analyzer, of sufficient value to circulate the rated ( full load) current. Measure / Record
the loss , impedance voltage and temperature.
If it is not possible to inject full load current, then the loss measurement can be done at lower
values of currents , but not less than 50% of rated current.
Convert this loss to loss at rated amps using formula.
Loss at rated amps = Loss at Test current x ( rated current ) 2
(Test current ) 2
Convert this loss to loss at 75 0 C using formula
Loss at 75 0 C = ( Full load loss at test temp. ) x ( 225 + 75).. for Al. Winding.
225 + Test Temp
Loss at 75 0 C = ( Full load loss at test temp. ) x ( 235 + 75) .. for Cu. Winding.
235 + Test Temp
Calculation of % impedance.
Convert measured imp. Voltage to rated imp. Voltage using Formula. :-
Imp. Volts = % Z ( at test temp. )
Measured imp. Volts x rated current x rated frequency
Test current x test frequency
0
Calculation of % Z at 75
% R at test temp and rated amps
= ( loss at rated amps x 100 ) / Rated KVA x 1000)
% X = (%Z)2 - (% R) 2
% R at 75 Deg. C = ( Loss at 75 Deg. C x 100) / Rated KVA x 1000)
% Z at 75 Deg. C = (%X)2 + (%R75)2
Stray Loss Compensation : Full load losses at 75 Deg. C are arrived at after compensating for stray losses
i) Calculate loss at rated current and test temp as per the procedure described above.
ii) Calculate I2R loss in HV and LV winding at test temp and rated current.
( where “R” is winding resistance )
iii) The diff. of (i– ii) above is “stray losses” at test temp.
iv) Convert so calculated stray losses to 75 Deg. Temp by following formula :-
225 + test temp
Stray loss at test temp x
225 + 75 Deg.
v) Calculate I 2 R loss at 75 Deg. For HV as well as LV winding using formula already described in “B”
above.
vi) Load loss at 75 Deg. = (I 2 R loss @ 75 Deg.) + ( Stray losses)@ 75 0 )