M.Sasikumar et al.
/ (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Implementation and Characteristics of
Induction Generator fed Three Level ZSI for
Wind Energy Conversion Scheme
M.Sasikumar1
Research scholar
Sathyabama University
Chennai, India
pmsasi77@gmail.com
Abstract
This paper describes the simulation and
harmonic analysis of impedance source inverter (ZSI)
fed stand alone wind energy conversion system. The
impedance source inverter fed wind energy system
has more advantages for variable speed stand alone
applications. The generated voltage of the wind
driven self – excited induction generator (SEIG) is
ES
mainly depending on the wind velocity fluctuations
and load variations. By choosing the proper value of
the self excitation capacitor banks to satisfies the
reactive power burden requirements. The advanced
power electronic converters like impedance source
inverter (ZSI) are interface with the wind driven self
– excited induction generator (SEIG). By controlling
the shoot through state duty cycle of impedance
source inverter (ZSI), the variable magnitude,
variable frequency voltage of the generator can be
controlled. The simulation and comparative analysis
of the above two inverters will be discussed and the
total harmonic distortion will be evaluated.
A
Keywords: Three phase Self – Excited Induction
Generator (SEIG), Variable speed Wind Turbine,
Impedance Source Inverter (ZSI), Multi Level
Inverter (MLI).
I. INTRODUCTION
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Wind power generation is one of the most
important and promising energy sources of
renewable energy source. The potential of wind
energy is very large. It has non-polluting, global
safety and the quality of life. The wind speed of the
wind driven SEIG is lies between 5 km/hr to 20
km/hr. The seasonal variation of wind is maximum
between the months of June – September. The
diurnal variation is very small during the month of
July. The conversion of wind energy into
mechanical energy by using the horizontal axis
wind turbine [1].
The induction generator is used to generate
electricity from the varying wind velocity
conditions. The induction generators are brush less
construction with squirrel – cage rotor, without DC
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Vol No. 1, Issue No. 1, 052 - 057
Dr. S.ChenthurPandian2
Principal
Mahalingam College of Engineering & Technology
Pollachi, India
chenthur@rediffmail.com
supply for excitation, reliable, reduced
maintenance and better transient performance [3].
T
The isolated wind power generation is also called
stand-alone wind generation scheme. These
schemes is used to supply power to pump water,
grid grain and cut lumber applications. By using
ZSI and MLI will be used to convert variable
magnitude, variable frequency voltage into reliable
constant voltage and constant frequency supply to
drive the isolated load [4]. In remote areas, where
the utility grid connected power system does not
exist, so the stand-alone system can be used to
satisfy the utility power. The output power of the
SEIG is rectified using the diode bridge rectifier
and the dc power is transferred to the load through
a PWM inverter [1]. The even orders of harmonics
are appeared across the rectifier output voltage.
The smoothening series inductor is used to reduce
the amplitude of ripple contents within the limits.
The harmonic currents will lead to produce
excessive heating in the connected load from
inverter. The shunt capacitor filters are used to
reduce reactive power compensation. By using the
multi level inverters, the pulse number to be
increased, so the harmonic present in the system is
decreased. Both buck and boost operation can be
made by using impedance source inverters [6]. The
impedance source is act as a filter, the EMI noise to
be increased. The harmonic distortion is reduced
compared with the traditional inverters [5]. The
output voltage of ZSI is mainly depends upon the
shoot through states or boost factor. The two
inductors of impedance source will induces high
voltage, which appear across the two capacitors
[7].
II. PROPOSED SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
A proposed ZSI based wind driven SEIG
fed load is shown in fig. 2.1. The wind power
generation system consisting of a wind turbine
driven SEIG connected to the isolated load through
an impedance source inverter.
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Vol No. 1, Issue No. 1, 052 - 057

Nm
= 0.00001073. . Vi 3Whm2 (5)
i=1

Fig. 2.1 Proposed Impedance Source Inverter based

Wind Power Generation System

T
The power conversion efficiency of ZSI is
improved compared to the traditional inverters for
wind electric power generation. In traditional
inverters, the upper and lower switches of each
phase cannot be switched on simultaneously either
by EMI noise [6]. The output voltage of the ZMI is Figure 2.2 Power equation model of the wind
limited to either greater or lesser then the given
ES turbine
input voltage. The variable output voltage from the Where Vi is the hourly wind speed in kmph for i
induction generator is rectified and then inverted
by using the proposed inverter [7]. The ZSI can hour, Nm is the total hours in the specified period.
produce an output voltage greater than the input The maximum theoretical power co efficient is
voltage by controlling the shoot through time To. equal to 0.593. A 250 kW wind turbine is
This proposed scheme is used to improve the simulated in MatLab/Simulink. The variation of
power factor and reduce harmonic current [3]. torque with rotational speed is presented in figure.
2.3.
A. Wind Turbine Characteristics
The common wind turbine with a horizontal
axis is simple in working principle and it will
A
produce a electric power economically. The wind
turbine rotor drives a induction generator through a
step up gear box [1]. The power equation model is
shown in figure 2.2.

The wind power density is given by

PW = 0.5 ρ Cp A Vw3 (1)
IJ

Where  is the air density in kg/m3

Cp is expressed as a function of λ
Rt
 (2)
Vw
Figure 2.3 Simulation results of the wind
Dimension less power co-efficient turbine output torque as a function of rotor speed in
16.5
116 rpm
Cp  0.5 [  0.4  5]e 1
(3) B. Self – Excited Induction Generator
 1
Modeling
The energy content of the wind per square meter The output power of the wind driven induction
for any specified period is generator is determined by the operating speed.
Nm
The per unit slip of the induction generator is lies
Energy Content = 0.0107073.. Vi 3Whm2 between 0 and 0.05. The dynamic characteristics
i=1 behavior of self-excited induction generator can be
(4) represented by the electromechanical equation

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 M.Sasikumar et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Vol No. 1, Issue No. 1, 052 - 057

derived in the synchronously rotating q-d reference (12)

frame [6]-[9]. The dynamic model of the induction
machine is derived by using a two-phase motor in (13)
direct and quadrature axes [4].

piqs = -K1r1iqs – (iqs/Cvds + K2Lmwm)ids + K2r2iqr – C. Un Controlled Bridge Rectifier

K1Lmwmidr (6) Three phase uncontrolled bridge rectifier is
used to convert the variable voltage, variable
pids = (iqs/Cvds + K2Lmwm)iqs- K1r1ids + frequency at the induction generator terminal into
K1Lmwmiqr+K2r2idr–K1vds (7) rectified dc voltage [3].
The output voltage is expressed as
piqr = -K2r1iqs + L1K2wmids – (r2 + K2Lmr2)L2iqr +
(K1L1wm - iqs/ Cvds +)idr (8) Vr  (3 2 /  )( 3 / 2 ) * Vds * ni (14)
pidr = -L1K2wmiqs + K2r1ids – (L1K1wm – Iqs/Cvds)iqr Input transformer’s turn’s ratio is 1:η. The series
+ (r2 + K2Lmr2)L2idr + K2vds (9) reactor (L) and shunt reactor (C) acts as an input
filter. The current ripples and voltage ripples are

T
where reduced by using the above components [3].
Lr D. Z – Source Inverters
K1 
 Ls Lr  Lm  2 and The impedance network is a two-port network.
This network also called as lattice network [5].
This lattice network consists of split inductors (L1
K2 
Lm

 Ls Lr  Lm 2 
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The mechanical output power of the variable speed
wind turbine is

Pm  Tms (10)
and L2) and capacitors (C1 and C2). The Impedance
Source Inverter consists of rectifier output voltage
source, impedance network, inverter connected
with isolated load. By using shoot through duty
cycle and modulation index can control the output
voltage of the Z source inverter. This is more
effective to suppress voltage stress and reduce
current ripples [7]. The Impedance Source Inverter
N Bridge has one extra zero state. The Z source
Where  is the per unit speed inverters are used to operate both buck and boost
NS operation. The output voltage of ZSI is mainly
A
depends on the boost factor. The capacitors in the
N and NS are the rotor speed and rated synchronous
impedance network can provide stiff voltage stress
speed in rpm [6].
across the inverter [6].
Tm is the mechanical torque produced in N.m. The capacitor voltage and input voltage of the Z
source inverter is
Equations (6)-(9) are derived assuming that the d-
axis is aligned with the stator terminal voltage 1  DO
Vc  VO (15)
phasor (i.e., Vqs=0) [5]. In self-excited induction 1  2 DO
IJ

generators, the magnitude of the generated air-gap

Where Do is the shoot through duty ratio,
voltage in the steady state equation is given by
Vo is the diode rectifier output voltage.
Vg   e Lm im The output power can be expressed as
3 pf 
Where Pout  V phase I (16)
2
2
iqs  iqr   ids  idr 
2 Where I is the rms load current. The current
im  (11) through the inverter during shoot through is twice
of the inductor current.
The electromagnetic braking torque Tg developed
by the induction generator is expressed as III. SIMULATION RESULTS
Tg=-1.5 (Poles/2) Lm (iqsidr-idsiqr) (12) The open loop control of the SEIG fed ZSI based
SAWECS is shown in figure 3.1. The steady state
Wind turbine and induction generator rotors are and dynamic characteristics behavior of the
represented as a lumped mass. induction generator is determined by using

2
'  Lm
Lm  Lm ,   1 
1 Ls Lr
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 M.Sasikumar et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Vol No. 1, Issue No. 1, 052 - 057

equivalent circuit d-q model of the induction

machine. The required parameters for the
modeling of SEIG are determined by no load test
and Blocked rotor test. The parameters obtained
from the above tests at rated values of voltage.

Figure 3.3 Simulation results of Line Voltage of

the SEIG in volts

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The extracted phase voltage of Vp = 338 volts
applied to the motor load. The phase voltage
waveform is shown in figure 3.4. In this inverter
design a bridge inverter is used to convert the
direct input voltage into an HF square wave,
which, in turn, is rectified and filtered using a
ES
Figure 3.1 Simulink Model of SEIG fed SAWECS
The generated voltage of SEIG 301 volts
with 3.1 amps is applied to the diode bridge
rectifier. The extracted generator voltage waveform
is shown in figure 3.2. The line voltages of
proper diode rectifier and shunt capacitor.

SEIG , are shown in figure 3.3.

A
Figure 3.4 Simulation results of Phase voltage
waveform in volts
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Figure 3.2 Simulation results of Generated Voltage

of the SEIG in volts
Figure 3.5 Simulation results of Output power
factor waveform in volts
The power factor is mainly depending upon the
magnetic leakage inductance of the induction
motor load. The output power factor is shown in
figure 3.5. The total harmonic distortion factor is

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 M.Sasikumar et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Vol No. 1, Issue No. 1, 052 - 057

8.78%. The frequency spectrum is shown in figure

3.6.

Fig 4.2 Hardware Set – Up of Z-Source Inverter

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Fed Load System

Figure 3.6 Simulation results of Frequency

Spectrum
IV EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
ES
The output voltage of the SEIG is shown
in figure 4.1. An advanced embedded controller
based Z- source inverter fed load drive system is
shown in fig 4.2.The output terminal voltage of
induction generator is fed to load through a
advanced embedded controller based inverter drive
system. The rectified voltage is given to the ZSI
fed drive for getting desired voltage. The z source
network makes the shoot – through zero state
Fig 4.3 Line Voltage as a function of time
possible. The line voltage and phase voltage of the
ZSI based wind driven self-excited induction
generator is shown in fig. 4.3 and 4.4.
A
IJ

Fig 4.4 Phase Voltage as a function of time

V CONCLUSION

Figure 4.1 Three pahse SEIG voltage waveform The impedance source inverter fed wind
in volts driven self-excited induction generator based
power generation system has been proposed and
corresponding simulated waveforms are verified.
The proposed work demonstrated the state of art
ac-dc-ac power converter technology. The
impedance network is used for both buck and boost

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 M.Sasikumar et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Vol No. 1, Issue No. 1, 052 - 057

operation. This network also acts as second order

filter. Using the impedance source inverter Sasikumar.M has received the B.E
compared with the multi level inverter fed drive degree in Electrical and Electronics
system reduces the harmonic contents. Engineering from K.S.Rangasamy
College of Technology, Madras
VI REFERENCES University, India in 1999, and the
M.Tech degree in power
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ES
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in Tamilnadu, India in 1959. He
was graduated from the institution
of engineers, calcuta (India) and
received his post graduate degree
from Punjab University,
Chandigarh (India). He has obtained his Ph.d.
degree from periyar university, salem, Tamilnadu,
India. Currently he is working as a Principal in
Dr.Mahalingam college of engineering and
technology, Pollachi – 642003 and Tamilnadu,
India. His research areas are power system, power
electronics, neural network, fuzzy logic and Neuro
– fuzzy systems. He is a member of ISTE, IE &
IEEE.

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A
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