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 CONTENTS

Introduction to Engines

Types of Engine

Construction of HEMI Engines

Different Types Of Engines

Parts Of Hemi Engine

Working of HEMI Engines

Comparison between HEMI and Flathead Engine

Benefits and Drawbacks

 Introduction
Hemi Heads require a more complex valvetrain,
including a "Double Rocker" system which uses two
rocker shafts per head.
The extra parts, complexity and flexibility tend to limit
RPMs. Adding to the cost of production, the piston
castings are more complex as well.
With the hemispherical combustion chamber design,
the intake and exhaust valves are usually on opposite
sides of the chamber, allowing for the combustion
mixture to flow directly across the chamber,
commonly referred to as "cross-flow" heads.
Types of Engines
4 Stroke Rocket
Flat Head Diesel
V 2 stroke
Hemi 4 stroke
2 stroke engine Jet or Turbine
Flat
Rotary
Different types Of Hemi Engines
5.7-liter HEMI Magnum V-8 engine
 Parts Of Hemi Engine

Cylinder

The core of the engine is the cylinder. The piston

moves up and down inside the cylinder. The
engine described here has one cylinder. That is
typical of most lawn mowers, but most cars have
more than one cylinder (four, six and eight
cylinders are common). In a multi-cylinder engine
the cylinders usually are arranged in one of three
ways: inline, V or flat (also known as
horizontally opposed or boxer).
Spark Plug
The spark plug supplies the spark that ignites
the air/fuel mixture so that combustion can
occur. The spark must happen at just the right
moment for things to work properly.
Valves
The intake and exhaust valves open at the
proper time to let in air and fuel and to let out
exhaust. Note that both valves are closed
during compression and combustion so that
the combustion chamber is sealed.
Piston
A piston is a cylindrical piece of metal that
moves up and down inside the cylinder.
Piston ring
Piston rings provide a sliding seal between the outer edge of the piston and
the inner edge of the cylinder. The rings serve two purposes:
They prevent the fuel/air mixture and exhaust in the combustion chamber
from leaking into the sump during compression and combustion.
They keep oil in the sump from leaking into the combustion area, where it
would be burned and lost.
Combustion Chamber
The combustion chamber is the area where
compression and combustion take place. As
the piston moves up and down, you can see
that the size of the combustion chamber
changes. It has some maximum volume as
well as a minimum volume. The difference
between the maximum and minimum is
called the displacement and is measured
in liters or CCs (Cubic Centimeters, where
1,000 cubic centimeters equals a liter).
Connecting Rod
The connecting rod connects the piston to
the crankshaft. It can rotate at both ends
so that its angle can change as the piston
moves and the crankshaft rotates.

Exhaust
Once the piston hits the bottom of its
stroke, the exhaust valve opens and the
exhaust leaves the cylinder to go out the
tail pipe.
Sump
The sump surrounds the crankshaft. It contains
some amount of oil, which collects in the bottom
of the sump (the oil pan).

Compression
Then the piston moves back up to compress this
fuel/air mixture. Compression makes the
explosion more powerful.
Intake Stroke
The piston starts at the top, the intake valve
opens, and the piston moves down to let the
engine take in a cylinder-full of air and
gasoline. This is the intake stroke. Only the
tiniest drop of gasoline needs to be mixed into
the air for this to work.

Combustion
When the piston reaches the top of its stroke,
the spark plug emits a spark to ignite the
gasoline. The gasoline charge in the cylinder
explodes, driving the piston down
Crankshaft
The crank shaft turns the piston's up and down motion into
circular motion just like a crank on a jack-in-the-box does.
Working Of Hemi Engine
Working of HEMI Engine is based on Otto cycle which consist of the
following strokes. A stroke refers to the full travel of the piston from Top
Dead Center (TDC) to Bottom Dead Center (BDC).

1.Intake Stroke:-On the intake or induction stroke of the piston , the

piston descends from the top of the cylinder to the bottom of the
cylinder, reducing the pressure inside the cylinder. A mixture of fuel and
air is forced by atmospheric (or greater) pressure into the cylinder
through the intake port. The intake valve(s) then close.

2.Compression stroke:-With both intake and exhaust valves closed, the

piston returns to the top of the cylinder compressing the fuel-air mixture.
This is known as the compression stroke.
3.Power stroke:-While the piston is close to Top Dead Center, the
compressed air–fuel mixture is ignited, usually by a spark plug (for a
gasoline or Otto cycle engine) or by the heat and pressure of compression
(for a diesel cycle or compression ignition engine). The resulting massive
pressure from the combustion of the compressed fuel-air mixture drives the
piston back down toward bottom dead center with tremendous force. This is
known as the power stroke, which is the main source of the engine's torque
and power.

4.Exhaust stroke:-During the exhaust stroke, the piston once again returns
to top dead center while the exhaust valve is open. This action evacuates
the products of combustion from the cylinder by pushing the spent fuel-air
mixture through the exhaust valve(s).
 OTTO CYCLE
The intake (A) stroke is
performed by an isobaric
expansion, followed by the
compression (B) stroke,
performed by an adiabatic
compression. Through the
combustion of fuel an
isochoric process is
produced, followed by an
adiabatic expansion,
characterizing the power
(C) stroke. The cycle is
closed by an isochoric
process and an isobaric
compression,
characterizing the exhaust
(D) stroke. The Otto cycle p-V diagram
COMPARISON BETWEEN HEMI AND
FLATHEAD ENGINE

•In a HEMI engine, the top of the
combustion chamber is
hemispherical, as seen in the
image above
•The intake and exhaust valves
are usually on opposite sides of
the chamber
•In a Flathead engine, the top of
the combustion chamber is flat,
as seen in image above
•The valves are in the block,
rather than in the head, and
they open in a chamber beside
the piston
•Thermal efficiency in HEMI •Thermal efficiency in flathead
engine is extremely good engine is poor

•HEMI engines are costly •Flathead engines are cheap

engines engines
 Benefits and drawbacks

 Although a wedge-head design offers simplified

valve actuation, it usually requires the air/fuel
mixture to make sharp turns en route to and
from the chamber.
 With a hemispherical chamber, larger valves
are possible and a straighter, less restrictive
flow path can be provided for the air/fuel
mixture.
 This improves engine breathing. Placing the
spark plug near the center of the chamber aids
in achieving complete combustion of the
fuel/air mixture, though it is not mandatory.