This report was implemented,

written and edited by

Avi Ben Laish,
Environmental Consultant

ISRAEL December 2007

 2

Treatment and Sampling Activities & Report

Concerning the Beaches of Kiryat Haim

This study was supervised and conducted according to the guidelines

issued by the Sea and Shore Division of the Ministry for the Protection of

the Environment- the State of Israel

 3

Table of Contents

The Management and Design Team ....................................................4

Introduction..........................................................................................5

The Treatment Procedure.....................................................................6

PRP® ...................................................................................................6

The Properties of PRP® ......................................................................7

How PRP® Works...............................................................................8

Oil Sponge ..........................................................................................10

The Implementation of the Treatment ...............................................12

Summary & Conclusions ...................................................................14

Introduction........................................................................................14

Average TPH Indicators ....................................................................14

TPH Indicators for All of the Project's Examinations .......................16

Conclusions........................................................................................17

Appendix ...........................................................................................18
 4

The Management and Design Team

Supervision and Guidelines Ranny Amir- Director

Sea and Shore Division of the Ministry for the
Protection of the Environment
Telephone: +972-4-8633500
Fax: +972-4-8633520
Implementation and Management EasyTop Ltd Technological Solutions for
Environmental Quality
Israel AviTov
Telephone: +972-8-6236488
Fax: +972-8-6651235
Mobile: +972-50-2200475
Functional Planning Biotop Technologies Ltd
Professional Consultant Avi Ben Laish
Fax: +972-9-8658597
Mobile: +972-52-2599086
E-mail: a-blaish@inter.net.il
Initial Beach Soil Samples Eco-Tech Environmental Services Ltd
Sampling Program Dr. Adiv Shiprenzak
Telephone: +972-8-6460550
Fax: +972-8-6236080
 5

Introduction
In September 2007, a serious pollution hazard was created on the beaches of the Haifa
Bay community of Kiryat Haim when two ships in the bay collided with one another.

The Sea and Shore Division of the Ministry for the Protection of the Environment,
headed by Mr. Ranny Amir defined the objectives and manner of treatment that was
conducted under the supervision of the Sea and Shore Division staff until its
successful conclusion and removal of all fuel-based hydrocarbons from the beach's
sands.

Dizengoff Ltd selected Easy-top Ltd to conduct the treatment of the polluted sands.
The biological treatment on the beaches of Kiryat Haim was conducted in a number of
stages as detailed in this report. Complex sand samples were taken during the
treatment as previous noted in the initial detailed report issued by Eco-Tech
Laboratories.

The treatment and samplings were monitored and supervised by Izi Avitov, Avi Ben
Laish and the staff of the Windex Co. Ltd. The treatment included use of a number of
highly advanced substances, the impact of which was critical towards initiating the
biological processes that brought about the desired results.
 6

The Treatment Procedure

PRP and Oil Sponge were the two substances selected for this treatment.

PRP®

etroleum emediation roduct

The proposal to use this method is aimed at offering an alternative technology,

intended as a solution to environmental problems stemming from hydrocarbon wastes
and soil pollution in estuarial regions and areas where fuel and natural gas production
is prevalent.

The rehabilitative efforts conducted in the past, e.g. burn and separate, do not provide
the desirable results and do not meet the high standards intended for guaranteeing the
security, safety and protection of the environment.

This report presents a technology for maintaining and handling fuel/oil spills (polluted
soil and water) by means of a product responsive to hydrocarbon wastes that does not
contain toxic or dangerous chemicals according to CFR 261.24 Version 40 or SARA
Section 313.

The Biological Rehabilitative Approach of PRP®

PRP®, manufactured by the Pittsburgh-based Petrol Rem Inc is the solution to those
problems stemming from oil contamination hazards on both water and land. The
product contains a combination of wax and talc enriched with bacterial nourishment
and serves as a natural growth bed for microbial cultures when spread over
hydrocarbon wastes.

PRP® is intended to absorb oils and agglomerate them in a rapid fashion. In the
initial stage, nutrients are released to stimulate the growth of microorganisms upon
contact with the oily substance. During the next stage, the microorganisms transform
the oily substance into short molecule hydrocarbons that merge in nature. This
product enhances the vulnerability of the hydrocarbon's volume by means of
biological growth.
 7

Rejects Water
and Absorbs Oil
Non-Hazardous
and Non-Toxic
Stimulates
indigenous
microorganism
growth
Bio
augmentation-
enhances waste
degradation
Minimizes
evaporation

PHC Fuel Hydrocarbons + local microorganisms+ H2O+O2+nutrients

pH
Heat
CO2 + HO2 +solid waste (compost)

The Properties of PRP®

• Responsive to hydrocarbon wastes
• An oil-absorbent hydrocarbon
• Safe and non-toxic
• Enhances the biological destruction of waste
• Prevents evaporation
• PRP® is an effective tool for treating spreading oil spills in both fresh and salt
water. Even a single treatment clearly shows the biological erosion in the
contaminant and later biodegrades itself
• A biological-rehabilitation product specially designed and registered with the EPA
since 1990.
• Oleophilic & Hydrophobic
 8

How PRP® Works

A Natural, Absorbent, Solid

Compound Made from Wax & Talc

Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacteria

Nutrients as a Food Staple for Microorganisms

PRP®'s low weight causes the product to float on the water's surface, thereby
allowing it to absorb the floating oil that can then be removed to a land-based facility
where the oil will continue to be digested by the microorganisms included in the
product.

Since it does not sink and is hydrophobic even after absorbing oil, PRP® has a
significant number of important benefits:
• Facilitates rapid clean-up
• Allows for remote treatment of hard to access areas such as eco-sensitive
marshlands, if left in place the PRP® and oil will biodegrade and minimize the
oil's toxic effects.
 9

• PRP® reduces the possibility of potential coating damage caused to area wildlife
and plants as so often occurs in severe leaks.
• Reduces damage to beaches by preventing the contaminant to infiltrate beneath the
sand surface
• If removal of the PRP/oil compound is preferred, total recovered volumes are
relatively minimal, contrary to vacuum systems that generate large volumes of
contaminated water and only minimal amounts of oil. The recovered compound
can then be reintroduced to the soil for continued biodegradation.
 10

Oil Sponge
 11

Rated by the US Army Corp of Engineers as the "best performing absorbent" Oil
Sponge is perfect for use with any oil-based liquid. Not only is it an effective
absorbent, it is 100% organic and manufactured from renewable resources.

Imagine an environmentally friendly, fast and easy working product that not only
absorbs spills better but saves money as well. Oil Sponge includes a compound of
micronutrients that breakdown absorbed hydrocarbons (oil) in to simple molecules of
carbon dioxide and water. This biodegradation reduces the effects of spillages and
leaks on the environment.

Oil Sponge comes in a powder format composed of cotton stems, pecan shell
membranes and millions of oil eating microbes. The product is made entirely from
natural products and is environmentally friendly. The microorganisms devour the oil
at an amazingly fast rate, so that what looks like an accident site requiring hours and
even days to cleanup, is actually cleaned up within minutes. The resultant waste is a
non-hazardous, biodegradable and environmentally friendly solid that within time can
be used as a fertilizer.
 12

The Implementation of the Treatment

At the beach in question, representatives of the Ministry for the Protection of the
Environment piled six piles of contaminated sand.

The following actions were then implemented:

A 1,200-sq.m area lined with polyethylene sheets was prepared and fenced off within
a spill containment structure adjacent to the Kiryat Haim Beach.

The contaminated sand piles were transferred from the beach to the fenced off area
where they were subsequently mixed together.

On October 12, 2007 675 kg (50 sacks) of the compound known as "Oil Sponge" was
injected and mixed with the contaminated sand.

As required, the contaminated sand was then mixed and irrigated with seawater to
achieve a level of moisture of approximately 20%.
The watering of the sand with seawater was done for the following reasons:
√ Ecological aspects
√ Use of tap water containing free chlorine would damage biological populations
and not allow the natural biological decomposition process to occur
√ Seawater contains natural nutrients
√ Availability

On October 15, 2007, sand samples were collected in six separate sections and
marked according to the sampling program, furthermore in the SE E-1 section of 4 x
4= 12 sq.m.

Two sacks of "Fairlight" were injected into the soil in addition to the "Oil Sponge" as
part of a mini-pilot to determine the effect of this additive on future treatment results.

On October 18, 2007, ten drums containing 295 kg of PRP®, the primary biological
treatment compound were injected into the sand compound.

Approximately 100kg of the substance included as compound of PRP® + ground

corn in order to maintain a 15% moisture level in the sandy soil.

On October 22, 2007 seawater was once again pumped from the adjacent beach to the
biological treatment platform, a total of approximately 100 cubic meters of seawater
were injected. The moisture level measured in the sand undergoing rehabilitation after
irrigation was 23%.
 13

On November 4, 2007, the contaminated sand was mixed and loosened using an
excavator

On November 4, 2007, a set of six sand samples were taken from the contaminated
sands according to the sampling program attached herein. Samples were sent to
Aminolev Laboratories (See the attached results).
 14

On November 12, 2007, the contaminated sand was once again mixed and loosened
using an excavator and once again dampened.

The following guidelines were maintained in the most stringent manner in all of
the samplings:
○ Every sample taken contained at least 100g * 3 for every type of examination
○ Each sample was stored in a capped glass jar. The interior of each cap was coated
with a Teflon covering.
○ Each sample removed from the area was kept in a chilled portable container from
the moment it left the contaminated zone until it reached the laboratory.
○ The sampler took the samples while using sterile disposable gloves.
○ The sampler verified that each glass jar was clean before use.
○ The sampler verified that each glass jar was closed tightly.
○ Each glass jar was marked with a label indicating the location from which the
sample was taken.
○ During the sampling taken on December 3, 2007, a representative from the Sea &
Shore Division of the Ministry for the Protection of the Environment was present.

Summary & Conclusions

Introduction
The data collected during the treatment period that began on October 15, 2007 to
January 1, 2008 show a decrease from 5,753TPH (including fuel hydrocarbons) to an
average of 37TPH or less than the recognized levels issued by the Ministry for the
Protection of the Environment which is measured at 100TPH for residential areas.
The decrease of approximately 99.35% occurred over a period of 75 days.

Average TPH Indicators

Table:
Sample
Sampling Date Serial No. Description TPH Levels
17/09/2007 5 Piles 1-6 5,753
15/10/2007 7 - 11 Average Values 1,389
04/11/2007 12 - 17 Average Values 451
04/12/2007 18 - 27 Average Values 219
01/01/2008 30- 28 Average Values 37
 15

Graph:

TPH Levels

5,753 6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
1,389 2,000
451 1,000
TPH 219 0

17/09/2007
TPH 37

Piles 1-6
Average Values
Average Values

04/11/2007

5
01/01/2008

17
30

Time

Trends:

Follow up Graph of TPH Levels

7,000
5,753
6,000
5,000
4,000
TPH 3,000
1,389 2,000
Linear (TPH )
219 451 1,000
37
0
Average Average Average Average Piles 1-6 -1,000
Values Values Values Values -2,000
30 27 17 11 5

01/01/2008 04/12/2007 04/11/2007 15/10/2007 17/09/2007

 TPH
01/01/2008 TPH Values
01/01/2008
01/01/2008
04/12/2007
04/12/2007
04/12/2007
04/12/2007
04/12/2007
04/12/2007
04/12/2007
04/12/2007
04/12/2007
04/12/2007
04/11/2007
04/11/2007
‫זמן‬
04/11/2007
04/11/2007
04/11/2007
04/11/2007
15/10/2007
The Decrease in TPH Levels

15/10/2007
15/10/2007
15/10/2007
15/10/2007
TPH Indicators for All of the Project's Examinations

15/10/2007
17/09/2007
12/09/2007
12/09/2007
12/09/2007
3029 282726 252423 222120 191817 161514 131211 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

12/09/2007
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
16
 17

Conclusions

√ With proper attention and application, the effectiveness of PRP® combined with
Oil Sponge was proven unequivocally throughout the procedure.

√ It was proven that fuel contaminated soils may be treated on location without
having to transport the problem/contamination.

√ Within the 75-day treatment period, there was a pronounced decrease (99.35%) of
contamination indicators – TPH.

√ It is no longer necessary to evacuate and replace affected soils from their natural
environment.

√ The treatment proved fast and cost effective.

√ No damage, change or impact was caused to the area's environment.

√ The treatment was conducted using non-hazardous materials, thereby avoiding

any risk to human beings and/or animal life within the confines of the treated area.

√ It is possible that crews brought to deal with future incidents will be fully trained
in the use of PRP® and Oil Sponge and therefore able to conduct the treatment
without the need for a separate treatment bed since it was proven that all of the
soil was treated in a homogenous manner.

√ The treatment compounds, PRP® and Oil Sponge remain in the affect soil
environment following the treatment. As long as the substances remain and
humidity and circulation conditions maintained, the treatment will continue and
hydrocarbon concentration levels will continue to decrease.
 18

Appendix

Excel Tables for data analysis

Sampling tables and analysis
Photos from the field
 19

Excel Tables for data analysis

Date No. Sample No. Description TPH
12/09/2007 1 270911-01B Pile 1 4,031
12/09/2007 2 270911-02A Pile 2 5,432
12/09/2007 3 270911-03A Pile 3 106
12/09/2007 4 270911-04A Pile 4 70
17/09/2007 5 270912-04 Pile 1-6 5,753
Total Values 15,392
Avg. Values 3,078

15/10/2007 6 48279.07-C Soil E-1 274

15/10/2007 7 48280.07-C Soil E-2 1,173
15/10/2007 8 48281.07-C Soil E-3 1,004
15/10/2007 9 48282.07-C Soil E-4 3,382
15/10/2007 10 48283.07-C Soil E-5 889
15/10/2007 11 48284.07-C Soil E-6 224
Total Values 6,946
Avg. Values 1,389

04/11/2007 12 51141.07-C Soil E-1 14

04/11/2007 13 51142.07-C Soil E-2 362
04/11/2007 14 51143.07-C Soil E-3 48
04/11/2007 15 51144.07-C Soil E-4 429

04/11/2007 16 51145.07-C Soil E-5 121

04/11/2007 17 51146.07-C Soil E-6 1,283
Total Values 2,257
Avg. Values 451

04/12/2007 18 56106.07-C Soil E-1 79

04/12/2007 19 56107.07-C Soil E-2 52
04/12/2007 20 56108.07-C Soil E-3 120
04/12/2007 21 56109.07-C Soil E-4 454
04/12/2007 22 56110.07-C Soil E-5 121
04/12/2007 23 56111.07-C Soil E-6 880
04/12/2007 24 56112.07-C Soil E-7 176
04/12/2007 25 56113.07-C Soil E-8 14
04/12/2007 26 56114.07-C Soil E-9 74
 20

04/12/2007 27 56115.07-C Soil E-10 223

Total Values 2,193
Avg. Values 219
01/01/2008 28 00240.08-C Soil EZY-1 24
01/01/2008 28 00241.08-C Soil EZY-2 63
01/01/2008 28 00242.08-C Soil EZY-3 23
Total Values 110
Avg. Values 37

TPH Date No.

4,031 12/09/2007 1
5,432 12/09/2007 2
106 12/09/2007 3
70 12/09/2007 4
5,753 17/09/2007 5
274 15/10/2007 6
1,173 15/10/2007 7
1,004 15/10/2007 8
3,382 15/10/2007 9
889 15/10/2007 10
224 15/10/2007 11
14 04/11/2007 12
362 04/11/2007 13
48 04/11/2007 14
429 04/11/2007 15
121 04/11/2007 16
1,283 04/11/2007 17
79 04/12/2007 18
52 04/12/2007 19
120 04/12/2007 20
454 04/12/2007 21
121 04/12/2007 22
880 04/12/2007 23
176 04/12/2007 24
14 04/12/2007 25
74 04/12/2007 26
223 04/12/2007 27
24 01/01/2008 28
63 01/01/2008 29
23 01/01/2008 30
 21

TPH Levels

7,000
(‫ק"ג‬/‫ )מ"ג‬TPH ‫ערכי‬

6,000
TPH Levels 5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
ZY-3
ZY-2
ZY-1
E-10
E-9
E-8
E-7
E-6
E-5
E-4
E-3
E-2
E-1
E-6
E-5
E-4
E-3
E-2
E-1
E-6
E-5
E-4
E-3
E-2
E-1
Pile
Pile
Pile
Pile
Pile
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil

1-6
Soil
Soil
Soil

Soil

4
3
2
1
E
E
E

E-3 E-2 E-1 E- E- E-8 E- E- E-5 E- E- E- E- E- E-5 E-4 E- E- E- E- E- E- E- E- E- 1-6 4 3 2 1

10 9 7 6 4 3 2 1 6 3 2 1 6 5 4 3 2 1
0024002400245611561156115611561156115610561056105610511451145114511451145114482848284828482848284827 270 270 270 270 270
2.08-C
1.08-C
0.08-C
5.07-C
4.07-C
3.07-C
2.07-C
1.07-C
0.07-C
9.07-C
8.07-C
7.07-C
6.07-C
6.07-C ‫ זמן‬3.07-C
5.07-C
4.07-C 2.07-C
1.07-C
4.07-C
3.07-C
2.07-C
1.07-C
0.07-C
9.07-C
912-04
911-911-911-911-

Monitoring Contaminated Sands at Kiryat Haim Beach

Date No. Description TPH
17/09/2007 5 Piles 1-6 5,753
15/10/2007 11 Average Values 1,389
04/11/2007 17 Average Values 451
04/12/2007 27 Average Values 219
01/01/2008 30 Average Values 37
 22

TPH Levels

5,753 6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
1,389 2,000
451 1,000
TPH 219 0

17/09/2007
TPH 37

Piles 1-6
Average Values
Average Values

04/11/2007

5
01/01/2008

17
30

Time

Follow up Graph of TPH Levels

7,000
5,753
6,000
5,000
4,000
TPH 3,000
1,389 2,000
Linear (TPH )
219 451 1,000
37
0
Average Average Average Average Piles 1-6 -1,000
Values Values Values Values -2,000
30 27 17 11 5

01/01/2008 04/12/2007 04/11/2007 15/10/2007 17/09/2007

 Date of Sampling: October 15, 2007
Note: the samples were collected after the sand was spread out and mixed with a dry batch of Oil Sponge and without PRP
Sampling & Analysis Drawings

North Contaminated Sand

23
 24

Sampling Data as Received from Aminolev Laboratories from Oct. 15 sampling

 Date of Sampling: November 4, 2007
Note: This is a complex sampling. Three mixed samples were extracted from each drill hole. The samples were taken
after an excavator mixed the soil and received a dose of PRP on October 15, 2007. The section was irrigated on
November 4, 2007.

E-3
Mid East E-1
South East
North
East

North
Contaminated Sand E-2
South West
North
West

E-4
Mid West

West
25
 26

Sampling Data as Received from Aminolev Laboratories from Nov. 4 sampling

 Date of Sampling: December 3, 2007
Collected in the presence of Hilik from the Sea & Shore Division of the Ministry for the
Protection of the Environment. The samples were then sent to Aminolev Laboratories

E-9 E-7 E-5 E-3 E-1

Mid- East Mid- East North East Mid-East South East

North E-10
Mid- East Contaminated Sand

E-8 E-6 E-4 E-2

Mid- East North West Mid-West South West
27
 28

Sampling Data as Received from Aminolev Laboratories from Dec. 3 sampling

 Sample Collection of Contaminated Sands January 1, 2008

North

E-4
Mid-West

West Sea Shore

29
 30

Sampling Data as Received from Aminolev Laboratories from Jan. 1 sampling

 31

Photographs from the Work Site

Building the Piles of Contaminated Sands
 32

Building the Work Platform Infrastructure, Laying the Polyethylene Sheets, Fencing and Signs
 33

Mixing the Contaminated Sand, Pumping Sea Water to Irrigate the Work Surface during the Biological Treatment
 34

Spreading PRP, Microorganisms and Oil Sponge over the Contaminated Sands
35
36
37