A

SEMINAR REPORT
ON
Smart Dust Particles

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT

FOR THE AWARD OF THE

DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted by
Upinder Singh Sethi 1807220

(2007 – 2011)

Haryana Engineering College

Jagadhri
(Kurukshetra University,Kurukshetra)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is great opportunity toexpress my sincere thanks to all who have contributed to do this seminar
through their support, encouragement and guidance. I express my gratitude ant thanks to Er.
Sandeep Sachdeva, my seminar guide for his constant guidance and help, all through my work.

I also express my gratitude to Er. Praveen Verma, H.O.D. of E.C.E. Department, for providing
the necessary facilities for the completion of this seminar work in my college.

Upinder Singh Sethi

1807220
 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. No. Name Page No.

1.1 General Block Diagram 4
1.2 Components Of MEMS 7
2.1 Architecture 8
2.2 Battery 9
2.3 Power Capacitor 9
2.4 Solar Cell 10
2.5 Controller 10
2.6 Sensors 10
2.7 Passive Transmitter 11
2.8 Active Transmitter 11
2.9 Receiver 12
3.1 MEMS Fabrication Process 15
3.2 Sensors Fabricated By Micro-Machining Process 16
4.1 Optical Communication Link 21
CONTENTS
Ch.No. Title Page No.
1. Introduction 1

1.1. Definition 1
1.2. What are Sensors? 2
1.3. What are Smart Sensors? 2
1.4. Why Smart Sensors? 2
1.5. History 3
1.6. Challenge 3
1.7. Block Diagram 4
1.8. Working 4
1.9. What Is MEMS? 6
2. Architecture 8
2.1. Detailed Architecture 8
2.2. Dust Components 9
2.2.1. Thick Film Battery 9
2.2.2. Power Capacitors 9
2.2.3. Solar Cell 10
2.2.4. CMOS Controller 10
2.2.5. Sensors 10
2.2.6. Passive Transmitter 11
2.2.7. Active Transmitter 11
2.2.8. Receiver 12
2.3. Summary Of Components 12
3. Manufacturing 13
3.1. MEMS Fabrication Process 15
3.1.1. Bulk Micro Machining 15
3.1.2. Surface Micro Machining 16
3.2. LIGA & DRIE 17
3.2.1. LIGA 17
3.2.2. DRIE 17
4. Wireless Communication For Smart Dust 18
4.1. System Design Options 18
4.2. RFT vs. FSOT 18
4.2.1. RFT & Its Pitfalls 18
4.2.2. FSOT 19
 4.3. System Realization 21
5. Applications 22
5.1. Defense Related Sensor Networks 22
5.2. Virtual Keyboard 22
5.3. Inventory Control 22
5.4. Product Quality Monitoring 23
5.5. Smart Office Spaces 23
5.6. Interfaces For The Disabled 23
5.7. Automobiles 23
5.8. Environmental Applications 23
5.9. Traffic Monitoring 24
5.10. Health Applications 24
6. Research Areas & Dark Side 25
6.1. Research Areas 25
6.2. The Dark Side 26
6.2.1. Privacy Going Public 26
6.2.2. Environmental Impact 26
7. Future Scope 27
8. Conclusion 28
References 29