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Over 60% of green house gas emission is created in and by cities. Over 50% of world population
lives in cities; this is expected to grow more than 60% by 2030.
How sustainable is the urban environment today? How sustainable does it need to be to meet
the needs of tomorrow?
These are the live questions of today, eagerly waiting for human answer, who have taken the
charge of earth since industrial revolution.
Vernacular architecture everywhere did not face these questions as they were sustainable from
grass root level.
Process of urbanization in India dates back to 5,000 years, or may be even more. Indus Valley
Civilization saw the birth of earliest human settlement in human history.
Urbanization is a form of social transformation from traditional rural societies to modern urban
communities (Bhagat R.B 1992)
An organism
Holistic hub of opportunities
Expression of cultures
Accumulation of amenities
Representation of Social, Economic and Environmental status of society.
In ancient and medieval times, urbanization was a cultural phenomenon and sometimes it was
due to political development; in recent times it is a socio- economic phenomenon.
Urbanization is a process which reveals itself through temporal, spatial and sectoral changes in
the demographic, social, economic, technological and environmental aspects of life in a society.
Urbanization has increased the participation of people in the secondary and tertiary production
functions.
In developing countries the rate of urbanization is very fast and it is not accompanied by
industrialization but rapid growth of service sector in the economics. (Helen Macbeth & Paul
Collinson 2002)
In India, the urbanization can be called as pseudo- urbanization. (Kundu 1996) The process is
still unfolding.
The census of India defines urban area to “Either have a statutory status like municipal
committee/ corporation/ notified area committee/ cantonment board, estate offices etc or
fulfill all the conditions simultaneously.
The total urban population of India according to census 2001 is more than 10% of total world
population.
The rapid speed of urbanization and population increase has brought before the dangers of
climate change. There are major challenges from livelihoods to access to sanitation and health
facilities, issues related to water and energy, civic amenities, waste disposal, growth of slums
and the inadequate resources available.
To address the issues and challenges posed by such rapid urbanization, urban centers have to
be taken on the roads of “Sustainability”.
Sustainable Urban Infrastructure facilitates a place or region’s progress towards the goal of
sustainable living. Attention is paid on global level to technological and government policy
enabling urban planning for sustainable architecture.
Sustainable criteria for urban environment vary from place to place, according to differences in
existing infrastructure and built form, climate and availability of local resources or talents.
Pressure from a broad group of stake holders including regulatory bodies and citizens are
forcing urban centre’s to rethink how they grow and prosper. Embedding sustainability into the
strategies, operating models, processes, system and culture is not only important, it is
absolutely essential for cities to be the needs of the future.
For a city to adopt sustainable behaviors’ it needs to have an integrated approach through
planning and investment across the infrastructure of water, building, waste, energy, heating &
cooling, public safety and mobility.
The adoption of solution areas through technology, operational effectiveness and behavioral
change drive innovation with new communication and technology support.
Cities that are successful are entering into public private partnerships with a range of different
organizations. Sustainable infrastructure advocates environmental protocol and inclusion of
ecological and social indicators and factors in decision making at the earliest possible stage.
Sustainability infrastructure concerns apply to all of “maintaining, repairing and upgrading the
infrastructures that sustains our quality of life” including
Cities are very complex entities, offering a constant interaction between people, resources and
the environment. Infrastructure management of essential operational components, such as
policies, processes, equipment, data, human resources and external contracts, for overall
effectiveness. Sustainable urban infrastructure highlights the importance of natural
environment in decision making. Emphasis lies on the “Life support” functions provided by a
network of natural ecosystems, with an emphasis on interconnectivity to support long-term
sustainability