INTRODUCTION

to
INCLINATION MEASUREMENT

Introduction in INCLINATION MEASUREMENT

P
Possible
ibl applications
li ti with
ith iinclination
li ti measuring
i iinstruments
t t

STRAIGHTNESS INCLINATION RECTANGULARITY

GERADHEIT NEIGUNG RECHTWINKLIGKEIT

PARALLELISM FLATNESS MONITORING

PARALLELITÄT EBENHEIT ÜBERWACHUNG

Applications
 Vials
Precision Spirit Levels for small angles

0
Vi l / CLINOMETER
Vials
Adjustable Precision Spirit Levels for angles
180 up to 360 degrees (CLINOMETERS)

Capacitive systems
Analogue systems
MINILEVEL / LEVELTRONIC
O C / LEVELMATIC
C
Digital systems
C1 C2 ZEROTRONIC / CLINOTRONIC

Inductive systeme with pendulums

Analogue systems
NIVELTRONIC
Digital systems
ZEROMATIC 50

Grundsysteme
 Vial for a standard precision spirit level

Ground vial for precision spirit levels

radius = 5 ... 200 meter

Bent vial (low cost version)

radius = 0.5 ... 1 Meter

R
VIALS
Precision Spirit Levels WYLER

Horizontal Spirit Level

Precision Spirit Level

with magnetic inserts

Precision Frame Spirit Level

Clinometer 80
0 ... 360°

Spirit Levels I
NEW!!! Precision Spirit Levels WYLER „SPIRIT
„SPIRIT“

Most important advantages of the

new concept:
t

1. Simple adjustment system

2. Excellent view on the vial
3 M
3. Modern
d d
design
i
4. Fully in compliance to
DIN standards
5. Stability of twist to +/- 5 degrees
6 C
6. Comfortable
f t bl h handling
dli dued tot
the use of natural material

Spirit Levels II „SPIRIT“

Most common units used in inclination measurement/
description of an angle

Height H= 1µm
α x 1000
= 1mm
1
Basis length
1m x 1000 = 1km

1. Angle α, e.g. in xx°xx‘xx‘‘ or in mRad

2 Height h refering to a basis length

2. length, e
e.g.
g mm/m or µm/m

Example: 1µm/m = 1mm/km

mm / m ?
Most common units used in inclination measurement
XX° XX' Degrees and Arcmin
XX' XX'' Arcmin and Arcsec
XX , X µm/m 1 µm equivalent to 1/1'000'000 m
XXX mRad 1 mRad equivalent to 206,26 Arcsec

1 Rad is equivalent to 57,29 °

1 mRad
R d iis equivalent
i l t to
t 206,26
206 26 A
Arcsec
1 Degree is equivalent to approx. 17,45 mm/m or 17,45 mRad
1 Arcsec is equivalent to approx. 4,85 µm/m

Display Minilevel "classic" in digits equivalent to µm/m

Display Minilevel "NT" in units like mm/m and Arcsec

Units for +CLINO PLUS+ / CLINO 2000 XX° XX'

X,XXXX°
XX,XX°
XX'XX''
XX,XX mm/m
,XXXX mm/m
XX,XX mRad
UNITS
Electronic inclination measurement in general
Purpose of the instrument:
Transformation of a mechanically
y measured value into an electronic signal
g

Existing Systems
Inductive Systems
y (Niveltronic)
( )
Capacitive Systems (Minilevel, Leveltronic, Zerotronic, Clinotronic)
Resistive Systems (e.g. by means of vials based on electrolysis)
Laser

Capacitive Sensors:
An inclination of 1 μm/m causes a pendulum movement of 10 up to 20 nm

Thickness of a hair
approx. 50 up to 70 μm/m
(Measuring the thickness of a hair as an excercise)

Basics
Exercise
,044 ,430
"diameter of a hair" ØHair ?

Instrument: Minilevel 1µm/m

Base length: 150mm 140mm

Heigth H = (+430 - +044) x sensitivity

Diameter hair ?

140mm
1000mm

Di
Diameter
t off a h
hair
i DH:
(value 2 - value 1) x sens. instrument x distance “base ... hair”
Diameter hair DH =
base length 1000 mm

(+430 - +044) x 1 µm/m x 140 mm

Diameter hair DH = = 54 µm
base length 1000 mm
Hair
Electronic Inclinometers WYLER

Summary of
Electronic Inclinometers
Overview el.
instruments
Analogue and digital measuring systems

Analogue measuring system Digital measuring system

Measuring value: Measuring value :

Voltage Frequency

Output Output
in mV / unit (digit) frequencies f1 and f2
Format RS485

MINILEVEL „classic“ MINILEVEL „NT“ CLINOTRONIC 15

LEVELTRONIC „classic“ LEVELTRONIC „NT CLINO 2000
NIVELTRONIC ZEROTRONIC
LEVELMATIC

analogue / digital
Sine, tangent and arcus
in accordance with angles
tg α

arc α
α

sin α
I
Important:
t t
1 µRad = 1 µm/m
is valid for small angles only

sin α tg α arc α

α = 0,5
0 5° 0 0087266
0,0087266 0 0087269
0,0087269 0 0087266
0,0087266

α = 45° 0,70711 1,00 0,78540

Einheitskreis
Linearity Sensitivity
mechanical
Angle input 20µm/m
10µm/m
Measured 5µm/m
characteristic

1µm/m
Nominal
characteristic
maximum
error of linearity

Angle Output
(mV, digits, ...)

DIN 2276
Measured value below half the measuring range
Maximum error 1% of the measured value
value,
at least 0,05% of the measuring range

For measured values above half the measuring

range
Maximum error f max = 0,01 (2 x I Mv I - 0,5 x Mr)

Linearity
 Part 2

I li ti measuring
Inclination i instruments
i t t
of
analogue (and digital)
technique

Analogue Systems / TITEL

NIVELTRONIC 50
Range II: +/- 0.150 mm/m
Range I: +/- 0.750 mm/m

Excellent zero point stability

induktiver
Messtaster
L1 L2

Measuring priciple:
Pendulum with inductive U1 U2

probe system

Niveltronic
Analogue measuring priciple
Amplifier Rectifier Integrator
t
6 Vpp 2,9 kHz Ua Ug U out

-2...0...+2 V DC
t
U1 U2

Pendulum closer to CL
Ua Ug Uout

Pendulum in neutral position

U
Ua U
Ug U t
Uout

Ua Ug Uout
Pendulum closer to CR

Prinzip I
Analogue / digital measuring principle
U1

t Amplifier Rectifier Integrator

4 Vpp 2.9kHz Ua Ug U out

U2
-2...0...+2 V DC
t
U1 U2

A U out
Ua Ug Uout
RS 485
D

Pendulum closer to CL

Ua Ug Uout
Pendulum in neutral position

Ua Ug Uout
Pendulum closer to CR

Prinzip II ML/LT NT
Form of the pendulum
Variables depending on
the measuringg range
g

- Thickness of pendulum
50 ... 100μm
- Angle of spiral
300 ... 630°

e.g. Pendulum with 420°

Form Pendulum
Movement of the pendulum depending on the angle

X = Gravitation of pendulum
Y = sin α x X
Z = movement of pendulum
Z
α X Sine of angle in a range
from 0... 45 degrees
Y

(Z) 1,0 (Z)

0,0030 sin α 0,8 sin α
0,6
0,0015 0,4
0,2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Arcmin degrees
Sine of angle in a range
from 0...10 Arcmin
Pendelauslenkung
Movement of the pendulum depending on the angle

X = Gravitation of pendulum
Y = sin α x X
Z = movement of pendulum
Z
α X

Y
Movement of the pendulum
in direction Y
e.g. Minilevel A10:

For an inclination of
1µm/m ... 10 nm

Pendelauslenkung II
Reversal Measurement Interpretation of the results:

Zero Point deviation Inclination of the measured

of the instrument surface in direction X

Measurement A Measurement B N = (A + B) / 2 N = (A - B) / 2

The Zero Point deviation The surface is absolutely

is +3
3 equivalent to ,3 digits horizontal
N=[(+3) + (+3)] / 2 = +3 L = [(+3) - (+3)] / 2 = 0

The instrument has no The measured surface is

Zero Point deviation declining by -12 digits
N=[(-12) + (+12)] / 2 = 0 L =[(-12) - (+12)] / 2 = -12

The Zero Point deviation The measured surface is

is -3 equivalent to '3 Digits rising by +10 Digits
N=[(+7) + (-13)] / 2 = -3 L =[(+7) - (-13)] / 2 = +10

Reversal measurement
MINILEVEL "classic"
classic / A10

,1204
Position “0”: Instrument turned off
P iti “B”
Position “B”: Battery
B tt check
h k (minimum
( i i 700)
Position “I”: Value effective = display in digits
x factor 10 x sensitivity
1 Digit = 1mV Position “II”: Value effective = display in digits
x sensitivity
y

1 µm/m 5 µm/m 10 µm/m

In position “I” 12’040 µm/m 60’200 µm/m 120’400 µm/m
In position “II” 1204 µm/m 6020 µm/m 12’040 µm/m

Sensitivities MINILEVEL / 1 Digit = 1 mV

1 µm/m 5 µm/m 10 µm/m
In position “I” 10 µm/m 50 µm/m 100 µm/m
In position “II” 1 µm/m 5 µm/m 10 µm/m

ML Overview
MINILEVEL "classic"
classic / A10

,005
005 means +5 Digits

Position II: Measured value = + 5 digits x

sensitivity
,005
005 Position I: Measured value = + 5 digits x
sensitivity x 10

'125 means -125 Digits

g

Position II: Measured value = - 125 digits x

sensitivity
g x
Position I: Measured value = - 125 digits
sensitivity x 10
`125
ML Overview
LEVELTRONIC "classic"
classic / A40

LEVELMETER

'1204

A B OUT

1 µm/m 5 µm/m 10 µm/m

Display - 1204 µm/m - 6020 µm/m - 12040 µm/m

Sensitivities MINILEVEL / 1 digit = 1 mV

1 µm/m 5 µm/m 10 µm/m
Display 1 µm/m 5 µm/m 10 µm/m

LT Overview
LEVELTRONIC "classic"
classic with Levelmeter 25,
Differential measurement
Measuring direction
Levelmeter

LEVELMETER

'1204

A B OUT
Measuring instrument
Red
cable

Grey cable
Reference instrument

LT Overview
MINILEVEL “NT"
NT / A11
1 µm/m: 5 µm/m 10 µm/m
Range 1: +/- 20 mm/m +/- 100 mm/m +/- 200 mm/m
Range 2: +/- 2 mm/m +/- 10 mm/m +/- 20 mm/m

Output: 1mV / 1µm/m 1mV / 5µm/m 1mV / 10µm/m

or Angle in µm/m or Arcsec (Format RS485)

M
WYLER AG SWITZERLAND
Aus/Off

+ Messen / Measuring
M Justierung Nullpunkt
Adjustment Zero +/-
Range II mm/m -
Einstellung Messbereich
MINILEVEL NT Changing Range +/-
> 5 sec
> 60 min
ML NT Display
Display / Output
MINILEVEL „classic“

Output: +/- 2000 mV

LM C25

1 digit
g = MINILEVEL „NT
NT“
LEVELMETER

Output: '1204
1 mV
+/- 2000 mV
Display : A B OUT

Range II: +/- 2000 digits

Range I: +/- 2000 digits and / or

Angle in
format RS485
Display:
Range II: Angle in µm/m or Arcsec
R
Range II: A
Angle
l iin µm/m
/ or Arcsec
A LM2000

Display/Output
MINILEVEL “NT"
NT / A11
WYLER
R
SEAL-TEC

LCD-Print

+/-2V DC
Processor- or
Print RS485

Sensor with pendulum / N2 (nitrogene)

ML NT Display
MINILEVEL NT and LEVELTRONIC NT

The new productline MINILEVEL NT / LEVELTRONIC NT is well suited for

precision
i i measurements t off small
ll angles.
l
- Large LCD digital display, two sensitivities can be selected
(MINILEVEL NT only)
- Precise zero point adjustment
j by
y using
g the push buttons
- Rugged precision aluminium housing for protecting against
external influences
MINILEVEL NT - State of the art digital technology combined with the use of
modern electronic components allows signal output
i digital
in di it l and
d analogue
l form
f
- Possibility of connection to a Levelmeter C25 or
Levelmeter 2000, as well as to the Leveladapterset 2000
combined with the flatness measurement software
“WYLER
WYLER LEVELSOFT
LEVELSOFT”
- Power supply with common 1,5 V-Batteries
- Fulfils the CE requirements (immunity against
electromagnetic smog)
- All standard measuring g bases are available
- Available with calibration in Arcsec or µm/m
LEVELTRONIC NT
ML vs LT
Choice of the ideal instrument
- Installation and adjustment of machines
- Measurement of surface flatness
- No interference by magnetic
fields (Electric motors etc.)
- Highly shock resistant
- Integrated display
- 2 ranges of measurement, useful
MINILEVEL ""classic"
l i " for coarse adjustment MINILEVEL "NT"

- Installation and adjustment of machines

- No interference by magnetic
fields (Electric motors etc.)
- Highly
g y shock resistant
- External display (Levelmeter)
- More accurately than Minilevel when
differential mode is applied
- Measurement of surface flatness LEVELTRONIC "NT"
NT
LEVELTRONIC "classic"

Auswahl ML-LT
WYLER PROGRAM LEVELSOFT / Introduction
Line /
Straightness

Parallels
with/without twist

Flatness
WYLER Standard
and U-Jack

Rectangularity
Introduction SW LEVELSOFT
Adjustment
j of Measuring
g results

The following methods of adjustments are used:

Adjustment - End points method

- ISO1101
- Linear regression

Example: Measurement of a line

+6
Linear
regression +4

9.5µm
+2

-2

-4
End points
ISO 1101 10µm
-6
9µm

Adjustment ISO1101 Line

Adjustment
j of Measuring
g results

The following methods of adjustments are used:

Adjustment End points method

Example: Measurement of a line

+6

+4

+2

-2

-4
End points
10µm
-6

Adjustment ISO1101 Line

Adjustment
j of Measuring
g results

The following methods of adjustments are used:

Adjustment ISO1101

Example: Measurement of a line

+6

+4

+2

-2

-4
ISO 1101
-6
9µm

Adjustment ISO1101 Line

Adjustment
j of Measuring
g results

The following methods of adjustments are used:

Adj t
Adjustment
t Li
Linear regression
i

Example: Measurement of a line

+6
Linear
regression +4

9.5µm
+2

-2
2

-4

-6

Adjustment ISO1101 Line

Measuring a line LEVELMETER

(as preparation for flatness Moving direction '1204

measurement)
SW WYLER according to ISO1101
A B OUT

Example:
Sensitivity of instrument: 1 µm/m - -4 ++16 ++2 + -4 -2 +7
Base length: 200 mm
Step length: 180 mm

+7
+16 -4
+2
Maximum error: -2
2
13,5 µm x 180 mm
= 2,43 µm =13,5µm
1000 mm 0
(reduced to the step length of 180 mm)
-4
Linienmessung
Measuring a line
(as preparation for flatness measurement)
Moving direction

- -4
Remark:
When using the
WYLER-Software for
measuremnt the
effective value will be
0.72 µm read in

- 4 µm/m

180 mm

1000 mm
Linienmessung II
Measurement of two g
guide ways
y
Exercise
Prosedure:
1. Measuring the reference line
2 Measuring the parallel guide way
2.
3. Measuring the transversal lines

Remarks:
The reliability of the measurement may be
judged by the resulting closure error

Parallel guide way

Reference line

Vermessung von Führungsbahnen

 Measurement of 90° angles
g on
measuring bases and workpieces
1 2

+ - + -

α α Referenz
2 1

- + -
+

+ - + -
2 1
C+D A+B
Correction = 2 - 2 α + -
Referenz
α + -
Referenz
1 2

D C
B A

Vermessung von Messbasen und rechten Winkeln

Measurement of a 90° angle
g
Exercise:

6µm
4µm

Vermessung eines rechten Winkels

Measurement of a 90° angle
g
with Software LEVELSOFT
1. Step: Determining the angular error of the instrument using a master
A B C D square with parallel sides

C+D - A+B
Angular error =
2 2

2. Step: Measurement of the 90 deg. angle of the object / 4 different possibilities

1 2

Referenz
2 1

The Wyler LEVELSOFT is leading the way

through the different software menus

2 1

1 2
Vermessung eines rechten Winkels
Measurement of a 90° angle
g
with Software LEVELSOFT
3. Step: Alignment of the measuring object and determining the error

a) Alignment of the reference line according to ENDPOINTS

ANGLE / ENDPOINTS

0.5 µm
0.4 µm
0.3 µm
0 2 µm
0.2 Th error off the
The th secondd line
li isi shown
h
0.1 µm according to the various
0,0 µm
alignment methods:

- ISO 1101
ERROR REFERENCE LINE 0.6 µ
µm - ENPOINTS
- LINEAR REGRESSION
ERROR 2ND LINE BASED ON ISO1101 0.6 µm

END POINTS 0.2 µm

LINEAR REGRESSION 0.1 µm

CORRECTION OF INSTRUMENT -2,58 µm/m

Vermessung eines rechten Winkels

Measurement of a 90° angle
g
with Software LEVELSOFT
3. Step: Alignment of the measuring object and determining the error

b) Alignment of the reference line according to ISO 1101

ANGLE / ISO1101

0.5 µm
0.4 µm
0.3 µm
0 2 µm
0.2 Th error off the
The th secondd line
li isi shown
h
0.1 µm according to the various alignment
0,0 µm
methods:

- ISO 1101
ERROR REFERENCE LINE 0.5 µ
µm - ENPOINTS
- LINEAR REGRESSION
ERROR 2ND LINE BASED ON ISO1101 0.7 µm

END POINTS 0.1 µm

LINEAR REGRESSION 0.2 µm

CORRECTION OF INSTRUMENT -2,58 µm/m

Vermessung eines rechten Winkels

Measurement of a 90° angle
g
with Software LEVELSOFT
3. Step: Alignment of the measuring object and determining the error

c) Alignment of the reference line according to LINEAR REGRESSION

ANGLE / LINEAR REGRESSION

0.5 µm
0.4 µm
0.3 µm
0 2 µm
0.2 Th error off the
The th secondd line
li isi shown
h
0.1 µm according to the various alignment
0,0 µm
methods:

- ISO 1101
ERROR REFERENCE LINE 0.5 µ
µm - ENPOINTS
- LINEAR REGRESSION
ERROR 2ND LINE BASED ON ISO1101 0.6 µm

END POINTS 0.0 µm

LINEAR REGRESSION 0.1 µm

CORRECTION OF INSTRUMENT -2,58 µm/m

Vermessung eines rechten Winkels

Adjustment
j of Measuring
g results at an object
j
with a square angle
Reference measurement ( Reference line)
Adjusted
measuring line

Reference Original
ISO 1101 Tilting the measurement
9µm reference
line Adjusted
djusted
measuring line

Linear
Line Regression
Original
measurement

Procedure:
1. Measuring the square object
2. Tilting the reference line according to ISO 1101
(square line is tilting identically)
3. Display of the total rectangular error Tilting the line the
(in the example measuring line to reference line) same way the
a) according to “End points” reference line
b) according to “ISO 1101” End points 4.5µm was tilted
c) according to “linear regression”
Linear Regression
2.1µm

ISO 1101 9.6µm

Ausrichtung rechtwinklige Objekte
 Flatness Measurement with WYLER Inclinometers
and WYLER Software
SURFACE GRID WYLER
Length: 1200 mm Witdh: 800 mm

Maximum error: 4,0 μm Closure error: 0,3 μm

Graphic display of profile

As an option the connection to a PC is available:

Options:
- Leveladapter
- Measurement-Software Engineer Set consists of:
Operating Systems: - 2 Minilevel "NT"
DOS / Win 3.11 / WIN 95 / Win NT 3.5 or higher - Levelmeter 2000
- Cable with „dongle“

Ebenheitsmessungen mit WYLER Messgeräten

und Mess-Software
 Flatness measurement with LEVELTRONIC "classic"
Moving direction

Personal Computer

Measuring instrument

LEVELMETER

'1204
Leveladapter 2000

A B OUT

Reference instrument

ATTENTION: - Connect the red cable to the measuring instrument

- Always measure in the direction of the cable

Flächenmessung mit LEVELTRONIC "classic"

 Flatness measurement with MINILEVEL "classic"
Moving direction

Personal Computer

Measuring instrument

Leveladapter 2000

Reference instrument

ATTENTION: - Remove batteries (MINILEVEL "classic" only)

- Check the correct sensitivity
- Connect the red cable to the measuring instrument
- Always
Al measure in
i the
th direction
di ti off the
th cable
bl

Flächenmessung mit MINILEVEL "classic"

Flatness measurement with LEVELTRONIC NT

Measuring instrument Personal Computer

LEVELMETER

'1204

Leveladapter 2000
A B OUT

Reference instrument

ATTENTION: - Check the sensitivity when using MINILEVEL NT

- Connect the red cable to the measuring instrument
- Always
y measure in the direction of the cable

LT NT ML25/Leveladapter 2000
Flatness measurement with MINILEVEL NT

Personal Computer

Measuring instrument

Leveladapter 2000

Reference instrument

ATTENTION: - Check the sensitivity when using MINILEVEL NT

- Connect the red cable to the measuring instrument
- Always
y measure in the direction of the cable

LT NT Leveladapter 2000
Flatness measurement with MINILEVEL NT or
LEVELTRONIC NT with Levelmeter 2000

Levelmeter 2000
Measuring
instrument

R f
Reference iinstrument
t t

Using a Levelmeter 2000 instead of a Levelmeter C25

additional
dditi l features
f t are available
il bl like:
lik
"ZERO"-Setting, various measuring units, and so on

LT NT Levelmeter 2000
NEW !!!
„Remote Display“ for MINILEVEL and LEVELTRONIC „NT“

LT NT with remote display

Preparation for Flatness Measurement
1. Cleaning of the surface plate (on the previous day)
2. Place the instruments on the surface plate for acclimatization
3. Connecting the instruments (and Levelmeter) to the computer;
remove batteries (Levelmeter
(Levelmeter, Minilevel “classic” only)
4. Turn on the Leveladapter 2000
5. Turn on the computer (after connecting the
instruments)
6. Adjust
j surface plate
p to within +/- 50 µ
µm/m with
Spirit Level or Leveltronic/Minilevel.
Attention: Loosen the safety supports first !
7. Prepare the software programme for the
measurement with the necessary data
Attention: When measuring with 2 Leveltronics
and Levelmeter,
INPUT: "Measurement with one
instrument"
Adjust correct sensitivity
8. Calculation of the best fit grid and draw it on the
surface plate, after that cleaning of the plate again.
Free space at edge minimum 1/2 base width.
9. Execute test measurement, line with
approx. 20 steps without moving the instrument
10. Start with flatness measurement, check correct
switch position of MINILEVEL
11. After the measurement apply MICROPOLISH for conditioning the plate
Vorbereitungen Ebenheit
Basics on surface flatness measurement
Influence of temperature:
A temperature difference of 1 degree Celsius between the upper and the lower side of a plate of
1m length results already in a deformation of the plate of 6 to 7 µm

Surface flatness according to DIN 876 / ISO1101:

Flatness of granite surface plates (DIN 876 / ISO1101)
SURFACE GRID WYLER
Quality Maximum error in µm Length: 1200 mm Witdh: 800 mm
00 2 x ( 1 + Länge in [m] )
0 4 x ( 1 + Länge in [m] )
1 10 x ( 1 + Länge in [m] )
2 20 x ( 1 + Länge in [m] )

Choice of measuring base:

Ideal measuring base: Flat steel base with dust groves
Maximum error: 4,0 μm Closure error: 0,3 μm

Measuring step length:

Length of the base Optimal step length Recommended step length
110 mm 90 mm 85 ... 105 mm
150 mm 126 mm 120 ... 145 mm
200 mm 170 mm 160 ... 190 mm

Schrittlänge
Basics on surface flatness measurement
Prerequisite:
• Max. temp. difference top/bottom = 2°C SURFACE GRID WYLER
• After cleaning: 2 hours drying time Length:
g 1200 mm Witdh: 800 mm

Grade t1 in µm
00 2 (1 + Länge in m)
0 4 (1 + Lä
Länge iin m))
1 10 (1 + Länge in m)
2 20 (1 + Länge in m) Maximum error: 4,0 μm Closure error: 0,3 μm

Flatness error of a partial area

Size of area Max. tolerance t2 in µm
00 0 1 2
250 x 250 mm 3µm 5µm 13µm 25µm

Accepted border zone:

2% of width of plate, max. 20mm

Schrittlänge
 Preparation
p of a ggranite
surface plate for Supporting points
according to “Bessel”

% of width
22% of length
flatness measuring
22% of length

22%
Size of granite plate: 1200 x 800 mm
Measuring system used::
1 LEVELTRONIC 1 µm/m, Base length 200 mm
1 LEVELTRONIC 1 µm/m, Base length 150 mm

mm
4 x 190m
Preparation:
1. Preparation according to special
instructions, like e.g. set to level.
cleaning, etc.
2. Defining the edge zone (about ½ of the
width of base, max. 20 to 30 mm)
3. Definition of the measuring step length edge 30 mm 6 x 190mm

30 mm
4. Drawing the grid on the plate

edge 3
For the example :
Baselength: 200mm
(recommended step length: 160 ... 190 mm)

Step length:
longitudinal 6 x 190 mm + 2 x 30 mm edge
transversal 4 x 190 mm + 2 x 20 mm edge
Vorbereitungen einer Mess- und Kontrollplattefür die Ebenheitsmessung
 Remarks: Determining the maximum error is always according to ISO 1101

SURFACE GRID WYLER Flatness according to ISO1101 without

L
Length:
th 1200 mm Witdh 800 mm
Witdh:
correction of the closure error

The closure error should not exceed

20% to 25% of the max. error

Maximum error: 4,0 μm Closure error: 0,3 μm SURFACE GRID WYLER

Length: 1200 mm Witdh: 800 mm

Flatness according
g to ISO1101 with
correction of the closure error

Maximum error: 4,0 μm Closure error: 0,3 μm

Vermessung von Messbasen und rechten Winkeln
Geometrical inspection of
machine tools

“ROLL” error

“PITCH” error

Roll / Pitch
Geometrical inspection of
machine tools

R
IInspection
ti off
machine tool table

M
R Geometrical inspection of
an instable structure

Vermessung Maschinen
LEVELMATIC
Precision transducer

Various transducers in different

configurations available

e.g. precision transducers are available

also in two axis configuration with
LED bar display

Levelmatic 30 Levelmatic 31 Levelmatic 34

Measuring range +/- 2 mRad ... +/- 2 mRad... +/- 5 ...

+/- 45 degrees +/- 30 degrees +/- 60 degrees

Linearity 0.5% FS 0.5% FS 0.5% FS

Output signal Levelmeter B25 +/- 2 V DC und +/- 2 V DC
Levelmeter C25

Levelmatic
Inclination measuring instruments
based on
digital technique

Part 3

Digitaltechnik Titel
ZEROTRONIC

Objectives for the development of

the new sensor

•High resolution, high accuracy

•Low temperature dependency
•Digital
Digital technique; use of microprocessors
•Measuring range from +/- 1 up to +/- 60 degrees
•Measurement under dynamic conditions
•Display
Display for graphical analysis and on-line
on line monitoring
•Galvanic disconnection for outdoor applications

Ziele ZERO
ZEROTRONIC / Housing gastight
Design of ZEROTRONIC:
- Sensor including pendulum held by
Archimedes helical springs
- RC - Oscillator
- Voltage stabilisator with level-shifter
- Digital frequency counter with calibration data
memory and asynchronous serial port
- Voltage stabilisator
- Housing and mounting bracket - Digital frequency counter
Pendelum - Calibration data memory
- Asynchronous serial port

Connector
for RS 485

Housing
Elektrodes gastight
RC-Oscillator
Mounting bracket Aufbau ZERO
ZEROTRONIC / Housing gastight
Design of ZEROTRONIC:
- Sensor including pendulum held by
Archimedes helical springs
- RC - Oscillator
- Voltage stabilisator with level-shifter
- Digital frequency counter with
- Voltage stabilisator
calibration data - Digital frequency counter
memory and asynchronous Pendelum - Calibration data memory
serial port - Asynchronous serial port
- Housing and mounting bracket

Connector
for RS 485

WYLER
R
SEAL-TEC
Housing
Elektrodes gastight
RC-Oscillator
Mounting bracket
Querschnitt ZERO mit 3 Prints gastight
ZEROTRONIC / OUTPUT
OUT IN

TYPE 2 F1 and F2 [Hz] Measuring rate

RS485 Calibration data
Temp [Hz]

OUT IN

F1 and F2 [Hz] Measuring rate

RS485 Calibration data
Temp [Hz]

Angle in [Rad] Measuring rate

TYPE 3 RS485 (Angle calculated
in sensor)

Analogue 0.5 ... 2.5 ... 4.5 [V] / 5.0 [V] VDD
Output 4 ... 12 ... 20 [mA] / 12 ... 24 [V] VDD

ZERO gastight OUTPUT digital analog

ZEROTRONIC
Comparison between ZEROTRONIC type 2 and type 3
ZEROTRONIC TYPE 2 ZEROTRONIC TYPE 3
Power consumption 50% 100%
Interface electronic Identical Identical

Interface data format Identical Identical

Data volume LARGE SMALL

transmitted When starting a measurement the Only the angle in RAD is
calibration data must be transmitted. transmitted from sensor to host
With every measurement the
frequencies F1 & F2 as well as the
calibration data must be transmitted
Host computer HIGH LOW
performance Computing the angle from frequencies Angle is computed in the sensor
and calibration data received

Internal measuring rate Depending on the host‘s sampling
rate set:
measurements of objects with low
frequency vibration is difficult
Various
The sampling rate in the sensor is
100/ sec.; this allows high quality
measurements on objects with low
frequency vibrations.
- VI for LabVIEW (National Instr)
- Easy programming for customer

ZERO gastight OUTPUT digital analog

Digital
g measuring
gppriciple
p
(ZEROTRONIC / CLINO / CLINO 2000) Digital frequency
counter
Voltage- asynchronous serial
stabilisator port
Selector (EXT)
Pendelum
Oscillator GND

+5V

RTA

RTB

PWM

RTS

(AUX)
C1 C2
Connector

R const
SIGNAL
Frequency 1
= f (C)
2
Position “Selector”
Inverter
C var
Frequency
Messproinzip ZERO
Digital measuring principle
principle function of a RC-Oscillator / part 1

UA R UA R

C var UC C var UC

UC UC
UA UA

t t
Charge Discharge
Laden/Entladen Kondensator
Digital measuring principle
principle function of a RC-Oscillator / part 2

Simplified description of
“principle function of a Schmittrigger” U in U out

Schmitt-
trigger

U+
U+
U- U-

U+ positive threshold
U- negative threshold

Schmitt-Trigger
 R const
Digital measuring principle
RC Oscillator

1 2 Inverter

C left C rigth

Funktion ZERO
Calibration of a digital measuring system
F1/F2 (F1,F2)
1. Calibration of the
system
Number of calibration points:
Clinotronic: 21
Zerotronic: free to chose

2 Th
2. The calibration
lib ti points
i t Angle
will be stored
F1/F2 (F1,F2)

Angle

Kalibrierung I
Calibration of a digital measuring system
F1/F2 (F1,F2)
3. Calculation of the individual
values between the calibration
points by
p y means of interpolation
p

Angle
Calibration
point
F1/F2 (F1,F2)

T=40°C
T=20°C
T 0°C
T=
F1 30°
F2 30°

Angle

4. Calibration at different
temperatures
Setting of calibration device
e.g. -30 degrees

Kalibrierung II
Calibration of a digital measuring system

F1/F2 (F1,F2)
T 40 C
T=40°C
T=20°C
T= 0°C

Angle
-50° -40° -30° -20° -10° 10° 20° 30° 40° 50°

Calibration

Measurement

Kalibrierung II
Calibration of a digital measuring system
Typical curves of the frequencies of +CLINO PLUS+

Frequency F1 Frequency F2
Frequency in [Hz]

500‘000

480‘000

460‘000

440‘000

420‘000

400‘000
-50°
50° -40°
40° -30°
30° -20°
20° -10°
10° 10° 20° 30° 40° 50°
0°

Kalibrierung II
Elimination of ZERO
ZERO-Offset
Offset
Angle eff

45°

ZERO-Offset
Angle nominal

z.B. 45°

The ZERO-Offset can

be eliminated with a
reversal measurement

ZERO Offset
Elimination of ZERO
ZERO- and GAIN
GAIN-Offset
Offset
1. ZERO- and Gain-Offset 2. Eliminating the ZERO-Offset
Angle eff. Angle eff.

Gain-Offset
G i Off t
Gain-Offset
45° 45°
The ZERO-Offset can
be eliminated with a
reversal measurement
(Zerotronic, Clino45
Angle ZERO Offset
ZERO-Offset Angle
nominal
and Clino2000) nominal
e.g. 45° e.g. 45°

3. Eliminating
g Gain-Offset
Angle eff.

45°

Angle nominal
z.B. 45°

The GAIN-Offset
Th GAIN Off t can
be eliminated with a
„stick calibration“
(Clino2000 and ZEROTRONIC only)
Zero-/Gain-Offset
CLINOTRONIC
Most important features:
- Digital measuring system
- Easy to calibrate by the user
- Various units to select
- Standard: Measuring range +/- 45°
Options: +/-30° and +/-10 °

Specifications:
- Settling time / Display < 5 Seconds
- Repetition < 20 Arcsec
- Linearity < 2 Arcmin + 1 digit

Improvements compared to the existing version:

- Reinforced housing / greater stability

- Sensor cell in SEALTEC-quality
- Shorter response time
- No loss of calibration date by battery change
- Standard batteries 1,5V Size AA
- Connection to RS 232 output of PC
Clino 45 Uebersicht
CLINOTRONIC

Exercise:
1. Change and store unit
of measurement
2 Eliminating the zero
2. zero-offset
offset
by means of a reversal
measurement
3 HOLD function
3.
4. Calibration
a) Calibration manually
b) Ca
Calibration
b at o automatically
auto at ca y

Clino Uebung
CLINO 2000 The new digital inclination measuring
instrument for a great variety of
measuring tasks, fulfils all requirements

Most important features:

- Highest possible precision over the large measuring range
of +/- 45° with integrated temperature compensation
- Effortless zero adjustment by using the integrated software
and a reversal measurement
- Most modern digital electronic components
- Fulfils the strict CE requirements (immunity against
electromagnetic smog)
- Easy to calibrate due to the implemented software guidance
and the calibration aids
- Most common units available
- Standard: Measuring range +/- 45°
Options: +/- 60°, +/- 30° und +/- 10 °

S
Specifications:
ifi ti
- Settling time < 5 seconds
- Resolution 5 Arcsec
- Limits of error: < 5 Arcsec + 0.07% R.O.
- Data connection: RS485,, asynchr.,
y , 7 Bit,, 2 Stopbits,
p ,
no parity, 9600 Baud

Clino 2000
ZEROTRONIC / „ANALOGUE“
„ANALOGUE OUTPUT

Output
Vcc=5V
Angle = 0 Ø 2.5V
0V

Angle = +FS Ø 4.5V

Angle = -FS Ø 0.5V

100%=277.7µS
F=3.6kHz
10%=27.77µS
10% 27.77µS Analogue Output
(PWM)

+5V P
Power supply
l 12 ... 24V
Interface

PWM 4 ... 20mA

R UR
GND GND
I

„Current loop“

ZERO gastight OUTPUT analog

ZEROTRONIC

Angle 0 degrees

Angle positive;
Sensor-Type e.g. +10 degrees

xA - xxx 1° - Sensor
xB - xxx 5° - Sensor
xC - xxx 10° - Sensor
xD - xxx 30° - Sensor
xE - xxx 60° - Sensor Angle negative;
e.g. -10 degrees
Zero, Nummern
ZEROTRONIC External
power supply Transceiver/
Converter

T
RS232
C

RS485
ZEROTRONIC-Sensors
with T/C (Transceiver/Converter)
connected to a Personal Computer

Zero mit T/C

ZEROTRONIC
Transceiver/
Converter

Levelmeter 2000
RS485

ZEROTRONIC-Sensors
with T/C (Transceiver/Converter)
connected to a Levelmeter 2000

Zero/TC/LM2000
ZEROTRONIC
Frequencies f1 und f2
RS 485 Calibration data
Measuring rate

RS 485

RS 232 Angle and

measuring unit

RS 485
DDE /Dynamic
RS 232
Data Exchange)

F
Format
t off data
d t transfer
t f

Header (4) Address (3) Opcode (1) Data (8) Check-sum (2) Trailer (1)

Transmission data format: asynchron / 7 Bit / 2 Stopbits / no parity

Bit-System
ZEROTRONIC
ASCII in RS232- and RS485-Format

Binary
y code "7 Bit"
BINARY 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
DECIMAL 1 2 4 8 16 32 64

ASCII (Basic Code CCITT) - Display of ...

Number “3” 1 1 0 0 1 1 0
Letter “F” 0 1 1 0 0 0 1
Basic Code

RS 232 - Format / V28 RS 485 - Format / V11

V1 < -3V “1” OFF Delta Va ... Vb < -0.3V “1” OFF
V1 > +3V “0”
0 ON Delta Va ... Vb > +0.3V
+0 3V “0”
0 ON

Number “3” S 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 S Number “3” S 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 S

+ 3V > +0.3V

< -0.3V
-0 3V
- 3V

Binär-System
ZEROTRONIC
Software-Structure DYNAM

MS-DOS
Operating Systems
Windows 3.11
Windows 95
WIN NT

DYNAM Basic-Software
- very flexible configured DYNAM WYLER
- Parameters like
- Display on the monitor WYBASE RS 485-Driver WYANGLE
- Measuring rate
- Selection of filters, and so on are free
selectable Sampler Display Printer Analyzer Sender Server

Additional SW
S ffor customer
specific applications
The complete SW package will be
Specific customer’s applications
prepared by WYLER according to
q
customers requirements

DYNAM-Struktur
ZEROTRONIC Display on the monitor
Software-Structure DYNAM DISPLAY of a measurement with 2 ZEROTRONIC-
with actual values Sensors and continuous monitoring of all
previously measured values

PANEL
the “cockpit”

ANALYZER
which displays all
measured measuring
values

Panel/Display
ZEROTRONIC
Software-Structure DYNAM

ANALYZER
Tool to analyse all
previously
p y recorded
measuring values
stored in different files

Analyzer
ZEROTRONIC
Software-Structure DYNAM NEW !!!

Measurements and
Analyzations with
VI‘s from WYLER
for
ZEROTRONIC Type 3

LabVIEW
ZEROTRONIC Transceiver / Converter
Data transmission from short distances Sensor A RS 485 BUS
up to several kilometers / 1 Sensor B
RS 485 BUS
PC

Levelmeter 2000 2 Sensors without external

power supply
Distance up to approx. 15 meters

With additional T/C´s and external

power supply more than 2 sensors
can be
b connected
t d

Levelmeter 2000 2 Sensors with external

power supply
Distance up
p to approx.
pp 15 meters
With additional T/C´s and external
power supply more than 2 sensors
can be connected

2 Sensors with external

Distance up to approx. 15 meters power supply and 1 T/C

RS 232 Up to 31 T/C´s
T/C s with 2 sensors each
can be connected

Zero Konfig I
ZEROTRONIC Transceiver / Converter
Data transmission from short distances Sensor A RS 485 BUS
up to several kilometers / 2 Sensor B
RS 485 BUS
PC

Distance up to 1000 m Up to 31 T/C´s with

2 sensors each
can be connected

Distance up to 1000 m
Up to 31 T/C´s with
2 sensors each
can be connected

Up to 30 OPTO transceivers
can be connected

Distance up to
several 1000 m

OPTO-Transceiver
Zero Konfig II
ZEROTRONIC
Applications
A few typical applications for ZEROTRONIC Sensors:

Precision inclination measurement on unstable objects like

Machine tools
Adjustment of moving platforms on boats and vessels

Long term monitoring with data collection and -transfer

Buildings
Construction sites
B id
Bridges
Dams
Tunnels
Inclination measurement by driving on a road

Various applications
Adjustment of printing machines
Measurement of profiles (aircrafts, racing cars “formula 1”, and so on)

Anwendungen ZERO
ZEROTRONIC
Specifications
ZEROTRONIC ZEROMATIC 50
Measuring range +/- 1 degrees +/- 10 degrees +/- 30 degrees +/- 60 degrees +/- 0.5 degrees
Resolution
1 Measurement/sec
without filter +/- 0.0128 % F.S. +/- 0.00315 % F.S. +/- 0.00454 % F.S. +/- 0.00430 % F.S. +/- 0.00286 % F.S.
with filter +/- 0.00429 % F.S. +/- 0.00100 % F.S. +/- 0.00124 % F.S. +/- 0.00122 % F.S. +/- 0.00100 % F.S.
10 Measurements /sec
without filter +/- 0.0358 % F.S. +/- 0.00888 % F.S. +/- 0.01430 % F.S. +/- 0.01310 % F.S. +/- 0.00859 % F.S.
with filter +/ 0.0128
+/- 0 0128 % F
F.S.
S +/ 0.00315
+/- 0 00315 % F
F.S.
S +/
+/- 0.00454
0 00454 % F
F.S.
S +/ 0.00430
+/- 0 00430 % F
F.S.
S +/ 0.00286
+/- 0 00286 % F
F.S.
S

Limits of error in Arcsec Null/Gain Null/Gain Null/Gain Null/Gain Null/Gain

Range incl. drift 0.017 % F.S. 0.0042 % F.S. 0.0046 % F.S. 0.0037 % F.S. 0.015 % F.S.
within 24h/20°C + 0.07 % R.O. + 0.02 % R.O. + 0.01 % R.O. + 0.01 % R.O. + 0.04 % R.O.

Limits of error in Arcsec

Range incl. drift 0.014 % F.S. 0.055 % F.S. 0.037 % F.S. 0.028 % F.S. 0.15 % F.S.
within 6 months/20°C + 0.25 % R.O. + 0.15 % R.O. + 0.1 % R.O. + 0.06 % R.O. + 0.10 % R.O.

Temperatur stability
in Arcsec/°C
Zero point 0.04 % F.S. 0.008 % F.S. 0.005 % F.S. 0.004 % F.S. 0.04 % F.S.
Gain +0
0.2
2 % R.O.
RO +00.03
03 % R
R.O.
O +00.02
02 % R.O.
RO +00.01
01 % R
R.O.
O +0
0.2
2% R R.O.
O

Remarks: F.S. Fullscale

R.O. Readout

Spezifikationen ZERO
ZEROTRONIC
Possible concept for data transfer

Zerotronic Sensors

PC with
WYLER-SW DYNAM
Office Field

Modem Modem

Transceiver /
Converter

Data report Alarm Transmission

to another
station

Uebermittlung Daten
ZEROTRONIC
Adjustment of platforms on boats with ZEROTRONIC

Reference platform

1. Step:
1
“ZERO-Setting” with both sensors

Platform to be adjusted

Reference platform

2. Step:
Measuring the difference
between the two platforms
Platform to be adjusted

3. Step:
Adjustment of the platform according to the measured deviation until the display shows “ZERO”

Schiffs-Plattformen
ZEROTRONIC ZEROTRONIC PROJECT 50
Easy finding of the 90 deg
deg. Deviation
when swivelling the spindle from „horizontal“ to „vertical“.

1. „Zero setting“
setting by means of reversal
measurement on horizontal
position of the spindle.

saving values (manually or PC)

2. Swivelling spindle 90 deg.

3. „Zero setting“ by means of reversal

measurement on vertical p
position
of the spindle.

Levelmeter 2000 saving values (manually or PC)

4. Calculating angular difference

between the two positions of the
spindle by means of pocket
calculator or PC.

Maschinen ZERO
ZEROTRONIC
Reference plate situated at
ZEROTRONIC PROJECT 51
the forward end of the
Adjustment of various platforms in cargo floor
large aircrafts during assembly and
maintenance

1. Easy simultaneous „zero setting“

of 4 sensors

2. Angular difference between the

pairs of sensors easily visualized
on the Levelmeter

Differential measurement easily

possible at various positions.

Aircraft ZERO
ZEROTRONIC Measurement of a road profile
p
Task: Continous measurement of inclination by driving on a road
and taking the influence of acceleration into consideration

β1 = f (f1 and f2)

f 1, f 2 β1
ASIC WYLER

Zerotronic
Z t i
Sensor
β = β1 - β2 DYNAM

Encoder ASIC WYLER DYNAM DYNAM

β2
Device for s = f (t) a = f (s, t) β2 = f (arcsin a)
measuring
the distance β

Calculation of the effective inclination β

β = β1 - β2
β2 = f (arcsin a) = f {arcsin [f (s,
(s t)]}

a: Acceleration [m/s2] (=dv/dt = v’ = s’’)

s: Distance [m] f1, f2: Frequencies Sensors
EMPA
ZEROTRONIC Measurement of a road profile
p

EMPA Analyzer