Arutperumjothi Agaval Urai

This ebook can be downloaded from
www.vallalar.org
mUl;b gU";n$hjp mfty; ciu www.vallalar.org
,uhkyp';f mgak; Jiz
mUl;bgU";n$hjp mfty; ? ciu
mUl;bgU";n$hjp mUl;bgU";n$hjp
mUl;bgU";n$hjp mUl;bgU";n$hjp (2)
cyfpny ,Jtiu njhd; wpa kfhd; fSk;. "hdpfSk;

flt[isg; gw; wpf; Twpa[s; s tpsf; f ';fs; Vuhsk; Vuhsk;/
btt;ntW tot';fspYk; btt;ntW bgah;fspYk; bja;t';fs;
ekf;Ff; fhl;lg;gl;L s;sd/ gyntW rka';fSk;. gyntW
kj';fSk;. gyntW khh;f ;f'; fSk; ,e;j cyfpny epytp
tUfpd; wd/ gpwf;Fk; nghnj ,e;j r; rkaj;ijr; rhh;e;j
FLk;gj;jpy;jhd; gpwf;f ntz;L k; vd;W ahUk; tpUk;gpg;
gpwtp vLf;ftpy;iy/ cyf mwpt[ njhd;Wk; nghJjhd;
jd;Dila bgw;nwhh; tz';F k; bja;tj;ija[ k; mth;fs;
rhh;e; Js;s rkaj;ija[k; czh;e; Jbfhs; s KofpwJ/
mg;goapUe;Jk; jhd; rhh;e; Js;s me;jr; rkaj;j pd; kPJ mst[
fle;j gw;iw kf;fs; Vw;gLj;jpf; bfhs;fpd;whh;fs;/ mjd;
fhuzkhf kw;w rka';fisg; g[w f;fzpg;gJ kl;Lkpd;wp
mtkjpf;ft[k ; Jzpfpd; whh; fs;/ ,jd; Kot[ rkar; rz;i l.
kjr; rz;i l vd MfpwJ/ gy Mapuf; fzf;f hd kf;f s;
cz;ik czuhky; khz;L nghfpd;whh;f s;/
Kd;dhy; njhd; wpa kfhd;fs; ve;j mog;gilapy; bja;t
cUt';f isf; fw;gid bra;jhh;fs; vd;W jpUtUl; gpufhr
ts;syhh; Ma;t[ bra; J xU ngUz;ikiaf; fz; lhh;/
mjhtJ rpw; rigapy; jtk; bra; nthh; Kothfj; j'; fSila
mDgtj;jpny fz;l ngbuhspiana g[wj;j pny gyg;gy
tot';fspy; ,iwtdhff; fhl;o dhh; f s;. vd;w cz; ikia
ts;syhh; tpsf;Ffpd;whh;/ mjhtJ irtk; Kjyhf
tps';Ffpd;w xt;bthU rkaKk; jd; bja;tk;. jd; bja;tk;
vd;W jdpj; jdpahff; fhl;LtJ rpw;rig xsp jtpu
ntwpy;i y vd;fpwhh;/
irt Kjyhf ehl;L k; ? gy
2
rka';fbsy;y hk; jdpj; jdpf; fhl;L k;

bja;t kpJ te; J ghhPh; ? jpUr;
rpw;wk;gyj; nj jpUel n$hjp/ (jpUtUl;gh 4605)
vy;yhr; rkaj;jhUf;Fk; bghJthf ,iwtd; xUtd;

jhd; ,Uf;f Koa[ k;/ me;j xUtndahfpa flt[isj;jhd;
xt;bthU rkaj;jtUk; xt;bthU bgahpy; tz';fp
tUfpd; whh;f s;/ vdnt vy;yhg; bgah; f Sk;. vy;y h tot';fSk;
me;j xnu xU flt[i sj; jhd; Fwpf;fpd;wd vd;gnj
cz;ik/ ts;syhUk; ,e; j mog; gilapy;j hd; vy;y hj;
bja;t';f isa[k ; ghoa[s;s hh;/ ,ij mtnu xU ghlypy;
bjhptpf;fpd;whh;/
tz; zk; ntbwdpDk; tot[ ntbwdpDk; kd;dpa cz; ik

xd;bwd;nw
vz;zpajy;yhy; rr;rpjhde;jj; jpiwa[k; ntbwz; zpaJz;nlh
mz;zdpd; ghjkwpa ehdwpnad; m"hpdpr; rpwpJ kp';fhw;nwd;
jpz;znk epd;nkyhiz vd; wd;i dj; bjsptpj;Jf; fhg;gJd;
flnd (jpUtUl;gh 3636)
rkaj; bja;t';fs; jdpj;jdpahf ,Ug;gjhf ts;syhh;
vg;nghJk; ek;gpajpy; iy/
jpUmUl;ghit ed;F Ma;e;j hy; xU bghpa cz;i kia
czuyhk;/ mjhtJ flt[s ; mehjp vd;Wk; mthplk;
mUl; rf;j p mehjp vd;Wk; TWfpwhh;/ me;j mUs; jhd;
bgU";n$hjp vd;W TWfpd;w hh; ts;syhh;/ (Mjhuk;)
jpUf; fjtk; jpwthnah jpiufbsy;yhk; jtph;j;n j
jpUtUshk; bgU";n $hjp jpUt[Uf; fhl; lhnah>
(ghl;L vz; 3760)
jpU mUshk; bgU";n$hjp

,ijna jhd; mUs; bgU"; n$hjp vd;W Twpa[s; shh;/
mUshdJ flt[s plkpUe;J miltjy;yth/ vdntjhd;
Mz;ltd; jdf;F mUl;bgU";n$hjpia mspj;jjhff;
TWfpwhh;/
3
m";r iy eP xU rpwpJk; vd; kfnd

mUl; bgU";n $hjpia mspj; jdk; cdf; nf
J";rpa khe; jiu vGg;g[f eynk NH;e; j
rd;khh;f;f j;jpy; brYj; Jf Rfnk
tp";Rw bka;g; bghUs; nkdpiy jdpny
tp";irfs; gyt[s tpsf;Ff vd;w ha;
j";rbkd;wth;;f; fUs; rj; jpa Kjny
jdp eluh$ vd;r w;FU kzpna (jpUtUl;gh 3699)
,e;jg; ghlypypUe; J vd; d g[hpfpd; wJ> mUl; bgU"; n$hjp

vd;gJ xUtuhy; bfhLf;fg;gl;L kw;b whUtuhy; th';fg;gLk;
bghUshfj; njhd;W fpwJ/
,e;j mUshfpa bgU";n $hjpia cila Mz;ltiuj;
jhd; mUl;bgU"; n$hjp Mz;ltnu vd;W miHf; fpd;w hh;/
,e;j mUisaila Md;nwhh;fs; rhpia. fphpia. nahfk;.
"hdk; Mfpa ehd;F tHpfis mjhtJ jhrkhh;f;f k;.
rw;g[j; jpu khh; f;fk;. rf khh;f;f k;. rd; khh;f; fk; vd; w ehd;F
tHpfspy; Kaw;rp bra;j hh;f s;/ ts; syhUk; kdpj njfk;
vLj;jth; fs; mila ntz; oa mUk;bgUk; g[U c&hh;j ;j'; fs; :
1/ Vk rpj;jp 2/ rhfhf; fy;t p 3/ jj;Jt epf;f pufk;
bra;jy; 4/ flt[s; epiy mwpe; J mk; kakhjy; Mfpa
ehd;F vd;W k;. ,tw;i waila ehk; cz; ika[l d;
filg;gpoj;J xGf ntz;oa bgUbewp xGf;f ';fSk;
1/ ,e;j phpa xGf; fk; 2/ fuz xGf; fk; 3/ $Pt xGf;fk;
4/ Md;k xGf; fk; vd ehd; fhf tiuaiw bra; fpwhh;/
xt;bthUtUk; ,e;j ehd;F bewpfspYk; epd;W
ts;syhh; fhl;oa[s ;s ehd;F bgUk; g[Uc&hh;j ;j'; fisa[ k ;
mila ntz;L k; vd;gjw;f hf mUl;bgU"; n$hjp ehd;F
Kiw Twg;gl;Ls; sJ/
ehy;tif bewpapDk; ehl;Lf vdnt
ghy;tif KGtJk; gzpj;j igk;bghd; nd (mfty; thp 1364)
kdpj njfk; vLj;j xt;bthUtUk; ehd;F bewpfspYk;
epd;W ,iwtid mila ntz;L k;/
4
mUl; rpt bewprhh; mUl;bgUepiythH;

mUl; rpt gjpahk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (4)
rpt vd;gjw;Fg; bghUs; mdhjpaha; kykpy; yhj rh;t

ty;ygk; cilaJ vd;gjhFk;/
bgU epiy thH;btd;gJ vf;f hyj; Jk; vt;tplj;Jk;
vt;tpjj; Jk; vt;tst[ k; jilglhJ thH; fpd;w thH;ntahFk;/
mUs; vd;gJ flt[ s; tpsf;f k;/
mUns totha;. mdhjpaha;. kykpy;yhjjha;
(Mztk;?khia? fd;knk kykhFk; ) rh;t ty;ygKk;
cilajha; tps';Fk; rptj; ij mila[k; bewp vJnth
mijr; rhh;e;J vf; fhyj;Jk; vjdhYk; jilglhJ
thHf;Toa bgUthH;it cilnahh; f; F mUs; mspf;Fk;
rptgjpahk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
rpt bewp vd;g J $PtfhUz;akhFk;/ bgU thH;it
ailjw;Fj; jtnk tHpahFk;/
@Tw; wwpahj bgUe;jth; cs; sf;
nfhapypUe;j Fzg; bgU';Fd;nw@
gpw $Ptd;fs;gLk; Jd;gj;ijj; jd;D ila Jd;gkhfnt

vz;zp. me; j $Pth;f spd; Jah; Jilf; Fk; $PtfhUz;aj; ijr;
rhh;e; J. vf; fhyj; Jk; jilglhj thH;tspf;F k; jt thH;t [
cilnahh;f;F mUs; mspf;Fk; rpt gjpaha; tps';Fk;
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
Mfk Ko nky; Muz Ko nky;

Mf epd;W X';fpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (6)
ek; kdpj njfj;i j Myakhf;fp kdpj njfj;jpy;

,iwtd; ,Uf;Fk; ,lkhfpa rpw;r igiaf; fUt{ykhf;fp
mDgt';fisa[k; mwpt[iufisa[k; rl';Ffshf;fp itj;jdh;
ek; Kd; ndhh;/ gz;i la fhyj;jpy; Mya';fs; Vw;gLj; jt[k;.
5
mjpny K:h ;j;j ';fis epWj;jt[k ;. mtz; bra;a ntz; oa

rl';Ffisa[k; tpsf;f r; rhj; jpu';fs; tiuag;gl;ld/ ,e;j r;
rhj;jpu';f s; Mfk';fs; MFk;/ kdpj clk;gpy; bray;gLk;
$Pt tpsf;fnk Myakhtjhy; Mfk';f s; gR E}y; vdg;gl; ld
($Ptd; = gR)/
,iwtdpd; jd;i k. Fzk;. U:gk;. brhU:gk;
Kjypatw; iwg; gy;ntW Jiwfspy; epd;W tpsf;Fk; E}ny
ntj';fshFk;/ Muzk; vd;gJ ntjk;/
,e;j Mfk'; fSk;. ntj';fSk; Koe; j Koghf ve;j
tpsf;fj;ijj; jUfpd; wdnth mitfl;F cl;gl;l Jnghy;
epd;W mitfspd; Kogpw;F vl;lhJ nkYk; X';f p tps';Fk;
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
,f epiyg; bghUsha;g ; guepiyg; bghUsha;

mf kwg; bghUe;jpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (8)
,f epiy vd;gJ cyfpay;

gu epiy vd;gJ mUspay;
kz;. ePh;. beUg;g[. fhw;W. Mfhak; Mfpa g";r

g{j';fs; kl;L kpd; wp. cyfpd; fz;Qqs;s $lg;
bghUs;fSkhfp nkYk; capUs;s midj;J $Pt h;fSkhfp
me;j $Pth;fl;F ,d;g Jd;g';f is mspf;Fk; bghUs;f s;
mj;jida[khfpa[k ;.
mUspay; thH;it nkw;b fhz; nlhh; mDgtpf;fpd;w
nguwptiljy;. fhzhj fhl;rp fhzy;. nfshj nfs;tp
nfl;ly;. cz;z hJ cz; Qqjy; nghd;w mDgt';fs;
kl;Lkpd;wp ,iwtDld; fyf;f pd;w rpj;jp ,d;g Kk; Mfp
epw;Fk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp. jdf; bfd thHhJ Mirfisj;
jd; mfj;nj mWj;njhh; cs; sj;n j kl;Lk; bghUe;jp
tps';Ffpd;wjhk;/
(Mjhuk;)
kwg;gw;w be";r pil thH;f pd;w ts;sy;
6
kyg; gw;wWj;jth; thH; j;Jk; kzhsh;

rpwg;g[w; w k';ifah; jk;bkhLk; ehd; jhd;
rpw;wk;gyk; ghor; bry;fpd;w nghJ
g[wg; gw;w fw;wj; bjhl'; fhj bgz;nz
g[iy mfg;gw;iw mWj; jha; epdf;nf
,wg;gw;w bjd; fpd; whh; vd; doak; kh
vd; if gpof;fpd;whh; vd; doak; kh
(jpUtUl;g h 5678)
mfkwg; bghUe;Jk; vd;gjw;F Mjhuk;/
ciu kdk; fle;j xU bgU btsp nky;

miuR bra;J X';F k; mUl; bgU"; n$hjp (mfty; thp 12)
<dkpd;wpfguj;J ,uz;od; nkw; bghUsha;

Mdypd; nwh';fpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (10)
Kd; thpapny cyfpay;. mUspay; midj;Jg;

bghUs;fSk; mtdhff; Twg;gl;l J/ nftykhd ,Hpe;j
bghUs;fSk; cs;s dnt ? mtw; i w ePf;f p cah;e ;jit
kl;Lnk bfhs;sg;gLfpwJ/ ,Hptpy;yhj. nftykpy;yhjjha;
cyfpay; mUspay; Mfpa midj;Jg; bghUs;fSf;Fk;
nkw;gl; ljha;. rpwe;jjha; mUl;bgU";n$hjp tps';Ffpd;wJ/
Mdy; vd;g J Mfhak;/ Mfhak; vd;g Jk; btsp jhd;/
Kd; thpapy; mfkwg; bghUe; ;jpa mUl;bgU"; n$hjp vd; whh;/
mfj;j pny mUl;bgU";n$hjp v';nf bghUe;J k; vd ,e;j
thpapy; tpsf;F fpd; whh;/ gpz;l j;jpy; mz;lk; g[Utkj;jp vd;gJ
ts;syhh; thf;F/ me;jg; g[Ut kj;jpahfpa rpw;r igapy;
njhd;w p X';fpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
Mfhaj;j py; xspUk; vd;gjw;F Mjhuk;/
rhfhf; fiy epiy jiHj;j pL btsp vDk;
Mfhaj; bjhsph; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (mfty; thp 52)
ciu kd'; fle;j xU bgU btsp nky;
7
miuR bra;J X';F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (12)
kdk;. thf;F. fhak; Mfpa K:d; iwa[ k; jphpfuzk;

vd;ghh; fs;/ njfj;i j ve; jf; fhhpaKk; bra;a hky; Rk;k h
itj;jpUf;fyhk;/ thapdhYk; ngrhky; Rk;kh ,Uf; fyhk;/
Mdhy; kdijr; Rk;kh itj; jpUf;f Koa[kh> vg;nghJk;
vijahtJ epidj;J f; bfhz; nljhd; ,Uf;Fk;/ epjk;
vz;gJ nfho epidt[ fs; Vw;gLkhk;/ kdjpdhny
ke;jpu';fis (ekr;rptha. rpt rpt. rutzgt) cr; rhldk;
bra;tjw;F b$gk; vd;W bgah;/ VjhtJ Xh; cUtj;ij
btspna ghh;j; J mij mg;gona fz;fis K:o f;bfhz;L
cs;ns fhz Kaw;rp bra;tjw;Fj; jpahdk; vd;W bgah;/
kdjpny vija[ k; epidahky; Rk;k h ,Ug;gjw;Fj; jtk;
vd;W bgah;/ ,e;j K:d;w py; rpwe; jJ jtnk/ kdk;
bray;glhJ epd;W nghdhy; m';nf njhd;WtJ N:d;a k;/
mjhtJ btsp/ mJnt bgU btsp/
kdk; bray;gLfpd;w tiuapy; ,iw mDgtk; fpl;lhJ/
kdjpd; bray;ghL mw;wt[l d; Vw;g Lfpd;w bksd
btspapy; jd;d uR brYj;jp X';fp epw;f pd;w
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/ kd czh;t[ bry;yhj; jyj;jhLk;
bgUkhd; toit ciuf; fty;y hh; ahh; tGj;jha; vd; fpd; whh;
ts;syhh;/
fhw;WUnth fdYUnth flt[SU vd;g hh;

fhw;W Ut[ k; fdYUt[ k; fz;Liug;gP bud; why;
ntw;W Unt g[ fy;th; mij ntbwhd; why; kWj;jhy;
tpHpj;J tpHpj;J vk;nghy;thh; kpft[k; kUs;fpd;whh;
njhw;W ke;jj; jj; JtKk; njhw;whj jj; JtKk;
Jhprhf mit fle;j Rf brhUgkhfp
khw;w kdt[z h;t[ bry; yhj; jyj;jhLk;
bgUkhd; tot[i uf;f ty;ytuhh; tGj;j ha; vd; njhHp.
(jpUtUl;g h 5638)
kdk; fle;j bksd epiyapy; mUl; bgU";n $hjp
mDgtkhf tps';F k; vd;gnj Kothd fUj;J/
8
$hf;uj;. brhg;d k;. RGj; jp. Jhpak;. JhpahjP jk; vd

mt!;ijfs; Ie;J vd;gh;/
brhg;dk; ? J}f;f epiyapy; kdk; bray;gLtJ
RGj;jp ? cwf;f epiyapy; kdk; bray;glhJ
,Ug;gJ/
$hf;uj; ? tpHpg;g[ epiyapy; kdk; bray;gLtJ
Jhpak; ? tpHpg;g[ epiyapy; kdk; bray;glhJ
,Ug;gJ/
Jhpa kiy nky; csnjhh; n$hjp ts ehL

njhd;W k; mjpy; Iah; elk; bra;a [k; kzp tPL
bjhpa[k J fz;lth; fs; fhzpy; capnuhL
brj;jhh; vGthh; vd;W ifj; jhsk; nghL/
(jpUtUl;g h 5263)
tpHpg;g[ epiyapy; kdk; bray;glhJ epw;Fk; epiyna

Jhpak; ? mJnt jtk;/ me; epiyapy; bgU";n $hjpf; fhl;r p
njhd;W k;/ ,nj mDgtj;i jj; jhd; kd'; fle;j bgU
btsp nky; miuR bra;J mUl;bgU"; n$hjp X';F k;
vd;fpwhh;/
Cf;fKk; czh;r;rpa[k; xsp jUk; Mf;ifa[k;

Mf;fKk; mUspa mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (14)
kd';fle;j bgU btspnky; miuR bra; J

mUl; bgU";n $hjp X';F k; vd Kd; thpapy; Twg;gl;lJ/
Rk;kh ,Uf;Fk; Rfky; yth kdk; fle;j bgU epiy/
mJ vspjpy; fpl;Lkh> ek;khy; Mff; Toa brayh
vd;bwy;yhk; vz;zp vz; zp Kaw; rp bra;ahky; tpl;L
tpLnthnkh vd m"; rpdhhpy; iy ek; bgUkhdhh;/
gd;dpuz;lhz;L bjhl';fpj; jt thH;f;i fia
nkw;bfhz;l hh;/ tplh Kaw;rpa[ k;. mile;nj jPu ntz;Lk;
vd;w mGj;jkhd czh; r;rpa[k; bfhz;lhh;/ mth; gl;lghL
,t;tst[ vd;W mst[ brhy; y KoahJ/
9
Mjhuk; :
gdpuz;lhz;L bjhl'; fp ,w;iwg; gfypd; tiua[ nk

goapy; gl; l ghl; il epidf;fpy; kiya[ k; fiua[nk
Jdpahje;jg; ghL KGJk; Rfkjhapw;n w
Jiuna epd; bka;aUsp'; bfdf;Fr; brhe;jkhapw;nw
(jpUtUl;g h 5041)
<uhwhz;L bjhl';f p ,w;iwg; gfypd; tiua[nk

vspnad; gl;l ghl;i l epidf; fpy; ,Uk;g[k; fiua[ nk
Vuhae;jg; ghL KGJk; ,d;gkhapw; nw
,iwth epd; bka;aUsp'; bfdf;Fr; brhe;jkhapw; nw
(jpUtUl;g h 5042)
,t;thW mUk;ghLgLtjw;F ntz;oa Cf; fKk;.

vg;ghLgl;lhfpDk; mile;n j jP u ntz;Lk; vd;w kpf kpf
mGj;j khd czh; r;rpa[k; Mz;ltd; mUspdhd;/ mjd;
gadhfj;j hd; mtUila J}y clk;g[ xsp clyhf khwpaJ/
vy;yhr; rpj;jpfSk; mtUf;Ff; iftug; bgw;w d/ jhd;
bfhz;l tplh Kaw; rpahYk;. mile;n j jPu ntz;L k; vd; w
mjp jPtpu czh;r ;rpahYk; xsp njfKk; vy;yhk; bra;
ty;ygKk; mth; bgw; whh;/
Cf;fKk; czh; r;rpa[k; xsp jUk; ahf;ifa[ k; rpj;jp
ty;ygKk; jhd; jd; Kaw;rpahy; mile;njd; vd;W Twhky;
vy;yhk; mUl;bgU";n $hjpahdJ mtUf;F mUspajhk;/
Fwpg;g[: Mf;fk; vd;gJ bry;t k; vd;W bghUs; gLk;/ xsp

jUk; ahf;i f bgw; nwhh; cyfpay; bry;t kh
ehLth;> vdnt jhd; Mf; fk; vd;w brhy;y pw;Fr;
bry;tk; vd;W bghUs; juhky; rpj; jp ty;ygk;
vd;W Twg;gl;lJ/
vy;iyapy; gpwg;bgDk; ,U';fly; flj;jp vd;

my;yiy ePf;fpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (16)
10
xspa[lYk;. vy;yhr; rpj;jpfSk; jhd; bgw;wij Kd;

thpapy; Twpdhh;/ xspa[ ly; bgw;wtUf; F kuzk; eP';f ptpLk;/
kuzj;i j btd;wth; ,wg;gJkpy;iy ? kPz;L k;
gpwg;gJkpy;iy/ vy;iyapy; gpwg;g[ vd;gij vy;iy ,y;
gpwg;g[ vd;W gphpj;J f; bfhz;lhy; mstpl Koahj gpwg;g [
vd;W bghUs;gLk;/ vy;i y vd;w brhy;Yf;F Kot[ vd;Wk;
bghUSz;L/ kdpj thH;tpd; Kotpy; kuzk; Vw;gLfpwJ/
ahuhapUe;jhYk; kuzj; ijr; re;j pg;gth;fs; kPz;L k; gpwe;nj
Mf ntz;L k;/ Vbddpy; $Ptd; clk;bgLj;nj ,a';Fk;
vd;W k;. jdpj;J ,a'; fhJ vd;Wk; vLj;Jf; fhl; oa[s; shh;/
xspa[lk;g[ bgw;wjd; gadhf. Kont ,y;y hj. ,wg;g[
gpwg;g[ vDk; ,Uz;l gpwtpf; fliy ehd; flf;F khW bra;J
gpwtp vd;w Jd;gj;i j eP f;fpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
Vwh epiykpir Vw;wp vd;wdf;nf

MwhW fhl;oa mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (18)
jkJ gd;d puz; lhk; tajpy; jt thH; f;if Muk;gpj;j

ts;syhh; g{j epiy fle; J. ehjk;. gutpe;J. guehjk;.
jpf;fpuhe; jk;. mjpf;fpuhe;j k; Kjypa mDgt';fis
xt;bthd; whf mile;J Kothf Rj;j rpt epiy
mDgtj;ija[k; bgw;W f; flt[Sf;F vd;bdd;d Fz'; fs;.
ty;ygk;. jd;ik Kjypad cz; nlh mitaidj;Jk; mth;
bgw;W f; flt[ shfnt tps';Ffpd;w hh;/ J}y njfkhf ,Ue;j
mtuJ njfk;. Rj;j njfkhf; gpuzt njfkhf. "hd
njfkhf khwpaJ/ ,Jtiu ahUk; mile;jwpahj
mDgt';fis mth; mile;jhh;/
gpukh;f s;. ehuzh;fs;. cUj;jpuh;fs; kw;wth;f s; ahUk;
milahj mDgtj;ij ts;syhh; mile;jhh;/
cUj;jpuh;fs; xU nfho ehuzh; gy; nfho

cWgpukh; gy nfho ,e;jpuh; gy nfho
11
bgUj;j kw;i wj; njth; fSk; Kdpth; f Sk; gpwUk;

ngrpyde;j'; nfho M';f h';n f Toj;
jpUj; jKWk; jpUr;rigapd; gog;g[w j;nj epd;W
jpa';Ffpd;whh; el';f hQqk; rpe;ijauhae;njh
tUj;jbkhd;W '; fhzhnj ehbdhUj; jpnawp
khel'; fhz; fpd; nwd; vd; khjte;jhd; bghpnj/
(jpUtUl;g h 5776)
jhd; mile;j g{uz epiy mDgtj;jhy; kd

epiwtile;j ts;syhh; g{hpg;gile;J vd;dplkpUe;J
Jd;gj;i jf; fHw;wp vwpe; J tpl;nld; ftiyia
xHpj;Jtp;l; nld; ? gpwtp vd;w rl;l j; ijf; fpHpj;J vwpe;J
tpl;nld; ? J}f; fj;i jj; Jwe;J tpl;nld; ? rhita[ k ;
nehita[k ; jtph;e ;J tpl;nld; ? ,iwtdpd; bry;tg;
gps;isa[ k; Mapndd; ? vdf;f pJ nghJk; vd;W Mde;j
vf;fspg;gpy; Js;Sfpd;whh;/
fl;lKk; fHd;n wd; ftiy tpl;blhHpe;njd; fyf;f Kk;
jPh;e; jdd; gpwtpr;
rl;lKk; fpHpj; njd; J}f;fKk; Jwe;njd; rhita[k;
nehita[k ; jtph;e; njd;
rpl;lKkile;njd; rpw;r iga[ilahd; bry;t bka;g;gps;is
vd;bwhU ngh;g;
gl;lKe; jhpj;njd; vdf;fpJ nghJk; gz;zpa jtk;
gypj;jJnt/ (jpUtUl; gh 4736)
vd;idg; nghy nehthJ nehd;g[ Fk; gpl;ltUk; rhth
tuk; vidg; nghy; mile; jtUk; ,iwtnd epd; nguUis
vd;nghyg; bgw;wtUk; vt;t[y fpy; ahUsh; eP rw;nw miw
vd;W ,iwtidna ts;syhh; nfl; fpd; whh;/
nehthJ nehd;g[ vidg; nghy; nehw; w tUk; v";"hd;Wk;

rhth tuk; vidg; nghy; rhh;e ;jtUk; ? njth epd;
nguUis vd; nghyg; bgw;wtUk; vt;t[ yfpy;
ahUsh; eP rw;nw miw/ (jpUtUl;gh 5624)
,iwtd; ,t;tpdhtpw;F tpil mspj; jpUf;fpwhd;/
cd;idj; jtpu cyfpy; ntW ahUk; jFjpahdth;
12
vdf;fpy;yhjjpdhy;j hd; vy;y hk; ty;y rpj;J f;fis

cdf;fspj;n jd; vd;W ts;syhhplk; ,iwtd; Twpdhd;/
(Mjhuk;)
vy; yhk; ty;y rpj;J vdf;F mspj;J vdf;Fid

my;yhjpiybaDk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (mfty; thp 298)
,Jtiu ahUk; milahj mDgt epiyf;F ts; syhh;

Vwp mile;j hh; vd;W Twpdhy; kl;Lk; tpsf;fk;
KGikailahJ/ kdpjuha;j; njhd; wpf; flt[s; kakhdth;
ts;syhh;/ jhd; bgw;w me;jg; ngw;iw ,e; j thpapy;
ts;syhh; tpsf;Ffpd;whh;/
,Jtiu ahUk; Vwpawpahj mDgt epiyf;F vd;i d
Vw;wp vd; jdf;F Kg;gj;jhW jj;Jt';f s; epiyia
tpsf;Ftpj;jUspa mUl;bgU";n $hjp/
MwhW vd;g ij 6 x 6 ? 36 vd;w hy; jj;Jt'; fs; 36/

MW vd;why; tHp my;yJ khh;f ;fk; vd;W bghUs;/
MW vd;gJ ntjhe;jk;. rpj;jhe;jk;. nghfhe;j k;. nahfhe;jk;.
ehjhe; jk;. fyhe;j k; vd me;j';fs; vd;why; mitfspd;
khh;f; fk; ,d; dbjd vdf;fwptpj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp vdt[k;
bghUs; bfhs;syhk;/
IaKk; jphpg[k; mWj;J vdJ clk;g pDs;

IaKk; ePf;fpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (20)
Iak; vd;gJ cz;lh. ,y;i yah ? elf;Fkh. elf; fhjh

? tUkh. tuhjh ? Koa[kh. Koahjh vd;gJ nghd;W kdjpny
vGk; re;njfkhFk;/
jphpg[ vd;gJ xd;i w kw;bwhd;whfj; jtwhf epidg;gJ
MFk;/ mjhtJ ,utpny xU fl;iliag; ghh; j;Jf;
fs;tndh vd;W jpifg;gJk;. fP nH tise;J fplf;F k; xU
fapiwg; ghk;ghf vz;zpg; gag;g LtJk;. fpsp"; riy
13
bts;spahf vz;zp VkhWtJk;. gpj;jisiag; bghd;ndh vd

vz;QqtJk; jphpg[ my;y J kaf;fk; vd; ghh;fs;/
khh;gfj;jpny rsp bgUf K:r;R tpl Koahky; jpzw
itf;Fk; neha;tag;gl;L kuzg; gLf;ifapy; cs; sth;f ;F
,t;thW epfGkhdhy; kuzk; clnd rk;gtpf;F k; vd;ghh;f s;/
,e;jr; rPj sj;i jj;j hd; clk;gpDs; Iak; vd; fpd; whh;/
kdjpny cz;lhfpa re;n jfj; ija[k ; kaf;fj;i ja[k;
mWj;J vdJ clk;gpDs; ,Ue;j rP jsj;jhy; Vw;gLk; <ur;
rspiaa[k ; eP f;fpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
xd;bwd ,uz;bld xd;wpuz;bld ,it

md;bwd tps';fpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (22)
jpUtUl;ghtpny ifahsg;gl;Ls;s brhw;fspy; vspjpy;

tps';fpf; bfhs;s Koahj rpy thh;j ; ijfl;Fg; bghUs; kw;w
E}y;fspnyh mfuhjpfspnyh njlhky; jpUtUl;ghtpnyna njl
ntz;Lk;/
xd;bwd ,uz; bld vd;gjw;F xt;b thUth; kdjpYk;
xt;bthU bghUs; tuyhk;/ Mdhy; ts;syhh; ve;jg;
bghUspy; ,ij vGjpapUg;ghh; vd;W Ma;e; J bghUs;
fz;lhy; cz;ikg; bghUis mwpayhk;/
xd;W . ,uz;L vd;wth; mLj;J K:d;W vd;dhky;
xd;wpuz;L vd; fpwhh;/ mjhtJ xd;W vd;wJ vJnth.
,uz;L vd;wJ vJnth mit ,uz;L k; nrh;e ;jJ
xd;wpuz;L/
jpUtUl;gh fPh; j;jidg; gFjpapy; thhPh; rpjk;guty;yp
rptfhkty;yp kzhsnu thhP h; vd;W bjhl';f p 104
fz;zpfis ,aw; wpaUspa[s; shh; fs;/ mtw;wpy; 43tJ
fz;zpiaf; fhz;f/
14
@ cUtha; mUtha; cUtUtha; ,it

xd;W ky;y Ph; ,';F thhPh ;
vd;W k; ey;yP h; ,';F thhPh;/
(jpUtUl;g h 4396)
,e;jf; fz; zpia Ma[kplj;J
xd;W ? cUtk;
,uz;L ? mUtk;
xd;wpuz;L ? cU mUtk;
xd;wpuz;L vd;w brhy; xd;iwa[ k; ,uz;ila[k ; nrh;j ;J

cUtUtk; Mapw;W /
,uz;lhtJ thpapy; ,it md; bwd tps'; fpa
mUl; bgU";n $hjp vd; fpwhh;/ fP h;j; jidf; fz;zpapYk; ,it
xd;W ky;y Ph; vd;f pd;w hh;/ vdnt ,e;j mfty; thpf;F vy; yh
tifapYk; bghUj;j khd tpsf;fkhf ,e;jf; fPh; j;jidf;
fz;zp tps';F fpwJ/
,Jtiu njhd;wpa mUshsh;fs; mj;JizngUk;
ve;jr; rkaj; jtuha;. ve;j kjj;jtuha; ,Ue; jhYk;
,iwtid xU rhuhh; cUtkhf ,Ug; gtd; vd;Wk;. kw; bwhU
rhuhh; ,y;i y. ,y;i y ,iwtd; mUtkhfnt ,Uf;f pd;whd;
vd;W k;. ,it ,uz;i la[k; kWj;J ntbwhU rhuhh; ,iwtd;
,uz;Lkhf mjhtJ cUtUtkhf ,Uf;f pd;w hd; vd;Wk;
Twpa[s; sdh;/ xl;L bkhj;j khff; fz;lhy; ,iwtid
cUtkhf. mUtkhf my;y J cUtUtkhf ,e; j K:d; whfnt
fhl;oa[ s;sdh;/ ,iwtidg; gw;wpa vy;yh tpsf;f';fSk;
,e;j K:d;w pDs; ml';fptpLk;/
ts;syhh; ,e;j mfty; thpapy; jUk; tpsf; fnkh
vd;dbtdpy; cUtkhf (xd;bwd) mUtkhf (,uz;b ld)
cUtUtkhf (xd;wpuz;L) ,itbay; yhk; tpsf; fk; md;W
vd;W tps';fpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp//
15
XjhJ czh;e;jpl xsp mspj;J vdf;nf

Mjhukhfpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (24)
jd;idg; gw; wp ts;syhh; TWfpd;whh;/ mjhtJ ve;j

Mrphpahplj; Jk; brd;W fy;t p gapyhknyna jhd; vy;yh
E}y;fisa[ k; czh; e;J bfhz;lij mwptpf;f pd;w hh;/ XjhJ
vd;w brhy; Mrphpahplj;J r; brd;W fy;tp gapyhjij
kl;Lkpd;wp ve;j E}iya[k ; jhd; gof;ftpy;iy vd;Wk;
ts;syhh; TWtjhf mike; Js;s J/
ts;syhh; njhd;wpa nghnj "hd mwpt[ld;jhd; te; jhh;
vd;gjw;F ,ijtpl ntW Mjhuk; ntz;Lnkh>
ve;jg; gs;spapYk; brd;W ve;j Mrphpahplj;Jk; ve; j
E}iya[k; Xjhkny vy;y hf; fiyfisa[k; czUkhW xsp
mspj; jJ kd;wp vd;idj; jh';fp tsh; j;J vdf;F Mjhukhf
mjhtJ Cd;W nfhyhf tps';f pa mUl;bgU";n$hjp
vd;fpwhh;/
Xjhky; czUtJ rhj;j pakh> rj;j pag; bgU tpz;zg;
gj;jpy; jd; idg; gw; wp ts;syhh; TWtJ :-
@vy; yhkhdtuha[ k; xd;Wky;yhjtuha[ k;. vy;yh mz;l
ruhru';fspd; mfj;Jk; g[wj;Jk; epiwe;J tps';Ffpd;w
jdpj; jiyikf; flt[ns! Fkhu gUtj;jpy; vd;idf;
fy;tpapw; gapw;W k; Mrphpaiuapd;wpna vd; juj;jpy; gapd;W
mwpjw;fUikahfpa fy;tpg; gapw;rpia vdJs; sj;n j
apUe;J gapw;W tpj;jUspdPh ;@
Xh; Mrphpahpd; wp jhd; midj;i ja[ k; ,iwtdplnk
mwpe; J bfhz;l jhff; TWfp;d;w hh;/
cgnjrf; Fwpg;g[f spy; ts;s yhh; Twpa[s; sJ/
@gj;J Ms; Rik xU tz; o ghuk;/ ehD}W tz; or;
Rik xU N: y; tz;o ghuk;/ N:y ; tz;o Mapu'; bfhz;l
E}y;fis xU b$d; kj;j py; xUtd; mjp jPtpu $Pt
Kaw;rpahy; gof;fr; rpwpa cghridr; rfhaj;j hy; Koa[k ;/
16
mg;gog;gl;ltd; Mapuk; b$d;k k; vLj; Jg; gof;Fk; fiy

mwpit mUs; Kd;dplkhfr; Rj; j rpt nehf; fj;j hy;
mwpaj; bjhl';f pdhy; xU fzj;jpy; goj; Jf;
bfhs;s yhk;/ ,J rj;j pak;/ @
,ijna jpUtUl;ghtpYk; xU ghl; oy; Fwpf;fpd;whh;/
fhuzkpJ g[hpfhhpakpJ nkw; fhuzf; fhhpaf; fUtpJ gytha;

Muzkhfk kpit tphpj;J iuj; nj mse; jpLk; eP mit
mile; jpld; kfnd
g{uz epiy mDgt Kwpy; fzkhk; bghHpjpdpywpjp
vg;bghUs; epiyfSnk
jhuzp jdpy; vd;w jat[ ilaunr jdp eluh$ vd;
rw;FUkzpna/ (jpUtUl;g h 3695)
xt;bthU E}iya[k; goj;Jj;jhd; mwpe; J bfhs;s
ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy;iy/ g{uz epiy mDgtk; Vw;gLk; bghGJ
fzj;jpy; vg;bghUs; epiyfisa[k; mwpa Koa[k ; vd;fpwhh;/
,d;bdhU ghl;oYk; jhd; fw;wJ. nfl;lJ. fz;lJ.

bgw;wJ vy;yhk; ,iwtdplj; nj vd;Wk;. jhd; g[h pe;j J
bgUe;jtk; vd;W k;. ,t;thW jhd; mile; jJ mjprank
vd;W '; TWfpd;w hh;/
Rw; wJ kw;wt;t Hp khNjJ vd; bwz; zhj;

bjhz;l buyh'; fw;fpd;whh; gz;L kpd;W'; fhzhh;
vw;wJk;g[ kzp kd;wpy; ,d;g elk;g[hpa[k;
vd;Dila Jiuna ehd; epd;Dila mUshy;
fw;wJ epd; dplj;nj gpd; nfl;l J epd; dplj;n j
fz;lJ epd; dplj;nj cl;b fhz; lJ epd; dplj;n j
bgw;wJ epd; dplj;nj ,d;g[w ;wJ epd; dplj;nj
bghpa jtk;g[hpe;njd; vd; bgw; wp mjprank/
(jpUtUl;g h 3044)
jhd; XjhJ czh;e; jijg; gw;wp ts; syhnu

btspg;gLj;j pa mfr; rhd;Wfs; rpytw; iwf; fz;nlhk;/
17
mtuJ Kjy; khztuhff; fUjg; gLk; bjhGt{h;

ntyha[j Kjypahh; mth;f s; brd;id milahW jpahrhgpfy;
r';fj; jhh; f;F mspj;j thf;FK:y k; xd;wpYk; moapw;
Fwpj;Js;sthW Twpa[s ;shh;/
@,th; jk; xd;gjhk; tajpnyna Mhpah;fshYk;.
jpuhtplh;fshYk; rhp rkhdkha; mgpkhdpj;jth;/ mfj;j pah;
Kjypa Kdpth;fshy; vGjg;gl;l ghf;fis Xjhkny
kdg;ghlkha;g; ghLk; ehtsj;ijg; bgw;wpUe;jjhft[k ;
brhy;y f; nfs;tp/@
,tUf;F Kd;Dk; mUzfphpahh;. FkuFUguh; nghd;nwhh;
,iwaUs; ty;ygj;j hy; ghly;fs; ,aw;wpdh; vd;Wk;
mth;fSk; ve; j Mrphpahplj; Jk; fy;tp gapd;wthpy;iy vd;Wk;
tuyhW TWfpd; wJ/ vdnt XjhJ czh;j y; rhj;jpak;
rhj;jpank/
xstpak; Mjpnahh; MWk; jtph;j;j ngh;

ngh ;
mt;t pay; tGj;J k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (26)
xstpak; vd;gJ bghwhik/ gf;jp vd;w brhy; iy

btWknd brhy;y hky; gagf;jp vd;W TWtJz;L/ mjhtJ
gf;jp cilnahh; ,iwtDf;Fg; gae;J elf;f ntz;L k;
vd;gJk;. mjw;F milahsk; mth;fs; jtW bra;ag;
gag;gLthh;fs; vd;gJk; ,jd; tpsf;fk;/ jtW
bra;ahjth;fs; Fzj;jpy; vt;t hW tps';Fthh; fs; >
mth;fsplj; jpy; ve;jj; jPa FzKk; ,Uf;fhJ/ mg;go fhkk;.
Fnuhjk;. nyhgk;. nkhfk;. kjk;. khr;r h; ak; (bghwhik) Mfpa
MW ,Hp Fz'; fisa[ k; monahL eP f; fpath;fs; J}a; ika[l d;
tz';fpg; nghw;W k; mUl;bgU";n $hjp/
jpUepiyj; jdp btsp rpt btsp vDnkhh;

mUs; btspg; gjptsh; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (28)
mUl; bgU";n $hjp mfty; m vd; w vGj;jpy; bjhl'; fp

mfu thpirapy; xs tiu vGjg;gl; Ls;sJ/ xs vd;w
18
vGj;jpw;Fg; gpd; Ma[j vGj;jhfpa ` vd;w vGj; J tu

ntz;oa ,lj;jpy; jpUepiy vd;W vGjg;gl;L s;sJ/
jpUepiy vd;gJ Ma[j vGj; ijf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ/ ,e;j
Ma[j vGj; J vijf; Fwpf; fpd; wJ> kdpj Kfj;j pYs; s
,uz;L fz; fis Ma[j vGj;j pd; fPGs; s ,uz;L
g[s;spfSk; bew;wpapYs; s fz;iz nkny cs;s g[ s;spa[k ;
Fwpf;fpd;wJ/ Mf ,e;j Ma[ j vGj;jhdJ Kfj;jpYs;s
Kf;fz; fnsahFk;/
jpUepiy vd;gJ Ma[j vGj;ija[ k; Kfj;jpYs;s
fz;fisa[k; kl;Lnk Fwpf;fpd;wJ vd;gjw;Fj;
jpUtUl;ghtpny rhd;W cs; sJ/
thhPh; rpjk;guty;yp rptfhkty;yp kzhsnu thhP h; vd; w
fPh;j; jidg; ghliyf; ftdpj;j hy; me;j f; fP h;j; jidf;
fz;zpfSk; mfu thpirapy; vGjg;g l;Ls;sd/ m';F k; m
vd;w vGj; jpypUe;J xs vd; w vGj;Jtiu thpirahf
vGjpa ek;bgUkhdhh; xs tpw;Fg;g pd; Ma[j vGj;j hfpa `tu
ntz;oa ,lj;j py; fz;zidaPh; vd;W vGJfpwhh;/ Ma[j
vGj;J fz;f ns jtpu ntwpy; iy vd;g J epU:gzkhfpd;w J/
Kf;fz; fshfpa K:d;W g[ s;spfisa[k; nrh;j ;jhy;
Kf;nfhzk; mjhtJ khlk; xd;W cUthFk;/ me;j
,lj;jpw;Fr; rpw;r ig vd;Wk; g[Utikak; vd;Wk; ,d;Dk;
vt;tsnth bgah;f s; tH';Ffpd;wd/
jpUepiyahfpa jdp btsp. rpt btsp vdg;gLk; mUs;
btspahfpa ,lj;jpy; tsh;fpd;w mUl; b gU";n$hjp/
kdijf; fl;l ntz;oa ,lk; ,e; jg; g[Utikak; jhd;/
kdk; m'; nf ml';fpdhy; m'; nf njhd;WtJ xg;gw;w btsp/
kdk; ml';fpr; Rk;k h ,Uf;F k; epiyapy; Vw;gLtnj
rpthDgtk;/ mUs; tps';FtJk; mnj ,lk; jhd;/
vdntjhd; me;jg; g[Ut ikak;. jpUepiyj; jdp btsp. rpt
btsp. mUs; btsp vd;bwy;yhk; Twg;g l;lJ/
Kf;fz; fs; vdg;gLk; g[Ut ikakhfpa rpw;r igapy;
mUl; bgU";n $hjp mDgtk; tsUkhk;/
19
xU epiy ,Jnt cah; epiy vDk; xU

jpUepiy nktpa rptnk rptnk (mfty; thp 950)
jpUepiy vd;gJ rptkhfpa mUis milaf; Toa

bgU epiy vdr; Rl;of; fhl;lg;gLtJ fhz;f/
Rj;j rd;khh;f;fr; Rfj; jdp btsp vDk;

mj;jifr; rpw;rig mUl;bgU";n$hjp (30)
bghwp. g[yd;fis mlf;fpr; Rk;kh ,Ug;gijna Rfk;

vd;W Kd;ndhh; Twpdh;/ Rj;j rd; khh;f;f Rfk; vJbtd;W
ts;syhh; TWfpwhh;/
mftypy; tUk; filrp thpfis Ma; n thk;/
cyfpdpy; caph;fl;F cWk; ,ila{bwyhk;

tpyf eP mile;J tpyf;Ff kfpH; f
Rj;j rd;khh;f; f Rf epiy bgWf
cj;jkdhFf X';Ff vd;w id (1590 ? 1592)
cyf caph;fspd; Jau';f isj; jhdile;J tpyf;f p

kfpH;r ;rp miltnj Rj; j rd;k hh;f ;f Rf epiy vd;gjh>
eluh$gjp khiyapy; cs; s xU ghl;L/
Jd;bgyhe; jPh ;e;j d Rfk; gypj;jJ epidr; N:H ;e;j J mUs;

xsp epiwe; nj Rj;j rd;k hh;f ;f epiy mDgtk;
epdf;n f Rje;jukhdJ cyfpy;
td;bgyh ePf; fp ey; tHpbayhk; Mf;fp bka;
thH;btyhk; bgw;W kpft[k; kd;Dapbuyhk; fspj;jpl
epidj; jid a[d;w d; kd epidg;gpd;gof;nf
md;g eP bgWf cythJ ePL:H p tpisahLfmUl;n$hjpahk;
Ml;rp je;n jhk; cidf; iftpnlhk; iftpnlhk;
Miz ek;khiz vd;nw
,d;g[wj; jpUthf;F mspj; J vd;D ns fye;J ,irt[ ld;
,Ue;j FUnt vy;y hk; bra;ty; y rpj; jhfp
kzp kd;wpdpy; ,y';F eluh$ gjpna/
(jpUtUl;g h 3676)
20
brj; jhbuGe;j dh; Rj;j rd;k hh;f ;f"; rpwe;jJ/

xj;jhh; cah;e;j hh; ,y;y h xUtida[w ;w ile;nj ehd;
rpj;jhLfpd; wdd; rhfh tuKk; rpwf; fg; bgw;nwd;
,j; jhuzpapbydf;fpiz ahbud;w pak;g[ nfnd
jhd; mUs; mile;J me;j mUisf; bfhz;L gpwh;
Jah; Jilf;f mjdhy; Vw;gLk; ,d; gnk Rj;j rd;khh;f; f
Rf epiyr;R fk; vd mwpag;gLfpwJ/
Kd;thpapy; jdp btspapd; rpwg;g [ Twg;gl;lJ/ (me; j
mDgtk; bgw;nwhh;fl;F) Rj;j rd;khh; f;fr; Rfkhfpa.
vf;fhyj;Jk; vjdhYk; mHpahj nghpd;gg; bgU
thH;itj; juty; y Rj;j rptepiyf;F k; mjP jkhd mDgt
epiyr; rpw;rig X';Fk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
Rj;j bka;";"hdr;
hdr; Rnfhja btspbaDk;
mj;J tpjr; rig mUl;bgU";n$hjp (32)
Rj;j rd;khh; f;f Rfk; vd;gJ gpw caph;fl;F cz;lhFk;

Jd;gj;i j ePf; fp mit kfpGk;nghJ mijf; fz;L Vw;gLk;
,d;gnk vd Kd; thpapy; Twg;gl; lJ/
$Ptd; ntW ,iwtd; ntW vd;gJ Jitjk;/
xt;bthU $PtDk; ,iwtidaila Kaw;r p bra;J
,iwtDld; ,uz; lwf; fyf; fg; bgWk; epiy mj;itjk;
vdg;gLk;/ JitjkhapUe;j hy; mj; itjk; jhnd MFk;
vd;W ts; syhh; TWfpd;whh;/ me;j mj;itj epiy
milfpd;w nghJ njhd;Wfpd;w Rfk; tsUk; jd;i ka[ila
nghpd;gkhjyhy; Rf cjak; vdg;gl; l J/ ,uz;lw;w epiy
mDgtk;jhd; bka;" ;"hdk; mspg;gJ/ ,e;jg; nghpd;gj;ij
mspf;F k; mj;itj mDgtr; rigahfpa rpw;rigapy;
tps';Fk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
21
J}a fyhe;j Rfe;jU btsp vDk;

Ma rpw;rigapy; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (34)
fiyfs; 64 vd tiuaiw bra;ag;gl; Ls;sd/ me; jf;

fiyfs; midj;jpida[k ; xUtd; mwpe;J bfhs;t hdhdhy;
mtDf;F Vw;gLk; bgUkpjk;. mjdhy; tpisa[ k; Mde;jk;
mstpl KoahjJ/ me;jf; fiyfs; ve;j Koit
mwptpf;fpd;wdnth me;j Kont fyhe;j k;/ rpw;rig
mDgtkhdJ me;j f; fyhe;j Koit vspjpy; mspj;JtpLk;/
rpw;rigapy; kdk; ml';Fk; rkaj; jpy; njhd;Wk; btsp
mDgtj;jpy; fiyfs; midj;ija[ k; mwpe;J bfhs;s
Koa[k;/
fiyfs; midj;jpida[k ; mwpe;j Rfj;ijj; jUfp;d;w
rpw;rigapy; tps';F k; mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
"hd nahfhe;j elj;jpU btspbaDk;

Mdpapy; rpw;rig mUl;bgU";n$hjp (36)
rhpia fphpia Kjypa rhjfk; ehd; fpy; "hdnahfk;

vd;gJ gjpide; jhtJgoahFk;/ ,e;j mDgtk; Vw;gLk;nghJ
kdjpy; epuhir cz;lhfpwJ/ epuhir cz;l hdJk; kdk;
bray;ghod;wp mWe;J tpLfpwJ/ kdk; mWgl;lt[ ld; ,iw
mDgtk; njhd;w Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ/ mJ guehj mDgtj;jpy;
ngbuhspahf tpisfpwJ/
"hd nahfhe;jk; vd;Dk; 15k; go mDgtj;jpy;
njhd;W k; xsp miritf; fhl;Lk; jpUbtsp vd;W Twg;gLk;
Fw;w kw;w rpw;r igapd; mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
tpky nghjhe;j khbka;g ; bghUs; btsp vDk;

mky rpw;rigapy; mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (38)
Mztk; khia fd;kk; vd; fpd; w Kk; ky';fshy; tUk;

,d;gj;i j kl;Lnk $Pt h;fshfpa ehk; mwpe;J mDgtpj;J
tUfpd; nwhk;/ epuhir njhd;wpa kdjpny ,e;j ky nghjk;
22
eP';fp tpLfpd;wJ/ ky nghjk; eP ';fpa tplj;nj ,iw

mDgtk; njhd;W fpd;w J/ ,e; j ,d;gnk nkyhd cz;ikahd
,d;gk;/ ,ijj;jhd; tpky nghjk; vd;fp;d ;whh;/ ,e;jg;
nghj Kotpy; nkd;ika[ ilajha; cz; ikahd bka;g; bghUs;
vJnth mijf; fhl;L k; btsp vd;W brhy;yg;gLk; Mztk;.
khia. fd;k k; Mfpa kykw;w rpw;rigapy; tps';Fk;
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
bghpa ehjhe;jg; bgU epiy btsp vDk;
mhpa rpw;wk;g yj;J mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (40)
jtk; bra; nthh; guehj epiy mDgtk; bgWnthh;
,iwtidg; bgU";n $hjpahff; fhQqth;/ mjdhy;jhd;
,e;j mDgtj;ijg; bghpa ehjhe;jg; bgU epiy vd;W
TWfpd;whh;/ miltjw;F mUikahd rpw;w k;gyj;jpy; cs;s
btspapny ehjhe; jj;j pd; Kotpny tps';F fpd;w
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
ehjhe; jj;j py; bgU"; n$hjp njhd;Wk; vd;gjw;F Mjhuk;/
<w; wwpnad; ,Ue;j pUe; jp'; fjprapg;gbjd; dP
vd;fpd;wha; eP vid tpl;n lFbjhW ehd;whd;
fhw;wwpahj; jPgk; nghypUe; jpL kj;jUzk;
fz;l ghpbrd;g[fy; ntd; mz; l gfpuz;l e;
njhw;w wpahg; bgU"; n$hjp kiy guehjj;nj
njhd;w pa jh';fjdLnt njhd; wpabjhd; wJjhd;
khw;wwpahg; bghd;b dhspnah mt;bthspf; Fs;shLk;
ts;syUbshspnahtPj jprapf;Fk; tifna (5767)
ehjhe; jj;j pd; Kotpny elkpLk; xspna ,iwtd;/
ntjj; jpd; Ko kpir tps';Fnkhh; tpsf;nf
bka;g;bghUshfk tpad; Kor; Rlnu
ehjhe; jj;j pd; KoeL elkpLk; xspna
eitaW Ksj; jpil ez; zpa eynk
Vjj;jpdpd; bwidbaLj;J mUs; epiyf;nf
Vw;wpa fUiz bad; dpd;Daph;j ; Jizna
jhJw;w clk;gHpah tif g[ hpe; jha;
jdp eluh$ vd;r w;FUkzpna/ (jpUtUl;gh 3700)
23
Rj;j ntjhe;jj; Jhpa nky; btsp vDk;

mj;jF rpw;rig mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (42)
ntj';fs;. Mfk'; fs; Kjypa vy; yhtw;wpYk; gy

cz;ikfis kf;fSf;F czh;j ; Jtjw;fhfg; gyg;gy
rk;gt';f is. ekJ Kd;ndhh; vGjp itj;Js; sdh;/ brhy;y
ntz;oa cz;ikfis neuoahfr; brhy;y hky;. fijfs;
K:ykhft[k;. rpy rpy rk;gt';fs; K:ykhft[k;. TwpapUf;
fpwhh; fs;/ ntj';f isa[k ;. Mfk'; fisa[k; fw;wth;f s;.
tpsf;Fgth; fs;. mitfspYs;s rk; gt';fis vLj;Jr;
brhy;f pd;w hh;f ns jtpu mtw; wpy; kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;s
cz;ikfis vLj;Jr; brhy;tjpy;iy/ mitfspy;
cz;ikfs; btspg;gilahfr; brhy; yg;glhky; kiwf;fg;
gl;Ls;sd vd;gjw;F Mjhuk;/
ntjhfk';f bsd;W tPz; thjkhLfpd; wPh ;

ntjhfkj;jpd; tpistwpaP h; ? Njhfr;
brhd;dtyhy; cz; ik btsp njhd; w ciuj;j ypiy
vd;d gandh ,it
(jpUtUl;g h 5516)
ntjhfk';fspYs;s cz;ikia czh;e;J bfhs; s

ntz;Lk;/ cyfj;j hh; cz;ikia czuhky; bgha;ahd
tw;iwna ek;g[ fpwhh;fs;/
(Mjhuk;)
njhd;w pa ntjhfkj;ijr; rhybkd t[ iuj;njk;

brhw;bghUSk; ,yf; fpaKk; bgha; badf; fz;lwpnay;
Cd;wpantjhfkj;jpd; cz;ik epdf;fhFk;
cyfwp ntjhfkj;i jg; bgha;badf; fz;Lzh;tha;
Md;w jpUtUl; br';nfhy; epdf;fspj;n jhk; ePna
Ms;f mUbshspahy; vd;wspj;j jdpr; rptnk
Vd;w jpUtKbjdf;F k; <e;j bgUk; bghUns
,y';F elj;j unr vd; ,ira[ kzpe;jUns
(jpUtUl;g h 4177)
24
fiya[iuj;j fw;gidfisbay;yhk; fz; K:oj;jdkhf

mg;gona ek;gp tplhky; mtw;wpd; cz;ikia Ma; e;jwptnj
rd;khh;f;f k;/
ntjhe;j j;jpd; cz;ik czh;tnj Rj; j ntjhe;jk;/
$hf;uj;. brhg;dk;. RGj;jp. Jhpak;. JhpahjP jk; vd; w
mtj;ijfspy; Jhpak; vd;gJ tpHpg;g[ epiyapy; kdk;
bray;glhjpUj;jyhFk;/ kdk; bray;glhjnghJ mjpy;
vz;z'; fs; Tl vHhJ/ N:d;akhf ,Ug;gjhy; mij
btspbad;W k; ,jw;F nky; bghpaJ xd;Wkpy; iyahjyhy;
Jhpa nky; btsp vd;Wk; Twg;gl;L s;sJ/ Jhpa epiy
mDgtk; Vw;gLkhdhy; n$hjp bjhpa[k ; vd;fpd;whh; ts; syhh;/
(Mjhuk;)
Jhpa kiy nkYsnjhh; n$hjp ts ehL

njhd;W kjpy; Iah; elk; bra;a [ kzp tP L
bjhpa[k J fz;lth; fs; fhzpYapnuhL
brj;jhh; vGthh; vd;W ifj; jhsk; nghL
(jpUtUl;g h 5263)
ntjhe;j j;jpd; cz; ikaha; tps';Ftjha[k; Jhpak; vd;W

brhy;yg;gLfpd; w nkyhd btsp mDgtkha; tps';Ftjha[k ;
cs;s rpw;r igapy; tps';F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
Rj;j rpj;jhe;j Rfg; bgU btsp vDk;

mj;j dpr; rpw;r ig mUl;bgU";n$hjp (44)
ehjhe; jj; jpUtPjp ele;J flg; ngndh vd;W bjhl';Fk;

ghlypy; ntjhe;j rpj;jhe;j rkurKk; tUnkh vd;W
ghLtjpypUe;J ntjhe;jKk; rpj;jhe;j Kk; khWgl;l fUj;J f;
fisa[ilaJ vd;gJ g[h pfpd;wJ/
rpj;jhe;jj;jpd; cz;i kia czh;e; J bfhz; ljhy;
Vw;gLk; Rfkhfpa bgUbtsp vd;gJ xg;gw;w rpw;r igna
MFk;/ mr;rpw;rigapy; tps';Fk; mUl;bgU"; n$hjp/
25
$PtdhdJ ,iwtDld; ,uz;lwf; fyf;f Ko[ak;

vd;W ntjhe;jk; Twpdhy; Koant KoahJ ve;j epiy
mDgtk; $Pt Df;F Vw;gl;l hYk; ,iwtd; ntWjhd;. $Ptd;
ntWjhd;. vd;W k; ,uz;Lk; fyf;f nt fyf;fhJ vd;W
rpj;jhe;jk; TWk;/
jfu bka;";"hdj; jdpg;bgU btsp vDk;

mfu epiyg; gjp mUl;bgU";n$hjp (46)
jfuk; vd;gJ clk;g[ mjhtJ bka; tha; fz; K: f;F

brtp Mfpa ,e;jphpa';f s;/
mfu epiyg;gjp vd;gjpy; m vd;gJ caph; mjhtJ
$Ptd;/ mfu epiy vd;g J $Ptd; ,Uf;Fkplk;/ mjhtJ
$Pthfhrk;/ $Pthfhrk; vd;gJ rpw;rig/ vdnt mfu epiy
vd;gJ rpw;r ig/
mHpa[k ; clk;ig vd;Wk; mHpahj epiybgw;W tps';f
itf;fpd;w "hdj; ijna jfu bka;" ;" hdk; vd;gh;/
njfj;i j "hd njfkhf khw;wf; Toa
nguDgtj;ijj; juf; Toa bgU btspahf tps';F k;
rpw;rig vDk; $Pthfhrj;J ,iwtdhfpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
njfj;i j mHpahj njfkhf khw;w Koa[kh vd;g jw;F
epiwa Mjhu'; fisj; jpUmUl;ghtpny ek; bgUkhdhh;
jUfpd;whh;/ cjhuzkhf
bgh j;jpa kyg; gpzpg; g[ Gf;Fuk;igjhd;
rpj;jpay; Rj;j rd;k hh;f ;fr; nrh;g;gpdhy;
epj;jpakhfpna epfGk; vd;gJ
rj;jpak; rj;jpak; rfj;JsPh;f ns (jpUtUl;gh 5402)
jd; njfk; mHpahj epiy bgw;wija[k; btspg;gLj; Jfpwhh;/
MLfpd;w nrtof;nf Mshndd; khshj ahf;i f bgw;nwd;
TLfpd;w rd; khh; f;f r';f j;nj eLtpUe;J Fyht[fpd;nwd;
ghLfpd;n wd; ve;i j gpuhd; gjg;g[ fiH ghog;gho
ePLfpd; nwd; ,d;g f;Tj;jhLfpd;nwd; vz;zbkyhk;
epuk;g pndnd (jpUtUl;gh 5445)
26
jj;J th jPjj; jdpg; bghUs; btspbaDk;

btspbaDk;
mj;jpU tk;g yj;J mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (48)
jj;Jtk; mz;l jj;Jtk;. gpz; l jj;Jtk; vd

,uz;lhf tps';F fpd; wJ/ mz;l j;jpy; fhl;lg;g l;Ls; s
gpUk;kh. tpc&;Qq Kjypait mz; l jj;Jt';fs;/ kdk;.
g[j;jp. rpj;jk;. mf';fhuk;. grp. fhkk;. Fnuhjk;. nyhgk;.
nkhfk;. khr; rhpak;. cwf; fk;. kuzk; Kjyhditfbsy;yhk;
gpz;l jj;Jtj;jpy; ml';Fk;/
jj;Jt'; fs; midj;j pida[ k; fle;J . jj;Jt';fl;F
mg;ghw;gl;l mjPj epiyapy;. rpj;jpfs; tps';fg; gpd;d h; rpt
epiy njhd;w. mt;tDgtj;j py; ahd; vd;gJk; vdbjd;gJk;
fiue;J ngha;tplf; fz;l mDgtpfs; bgw;w nj cz;ik
mDgtk;/ kdpj njfk; vLj;j xt;bthUtUk; mila
ntz;oa cz;ikg; bghUs; ,Jnt/
jj;Jt'; fs; midj;j pDf;Fk; mg;ghw;gl;l epiyapy;
milaf; Toa bgUk; bghUisj; juty;y Mfhak; vdf;
Twg;gLk; jpU/ mk;gyj; nj tps';Fk; mUl; bgU";n $hjp
rr;rpjhde;jj; jdpg;gubtspbaDk;
mr;rpay; mk;g yj;J mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (50)
ntjhe;j k;. rpj;j he;j k;. ehjhe;jk; KjypaitfSk;

jj;Jt'; fs;j hd;/ mz;l jj;Jtk;. gpz;l jj;Jtk;
midj; jpida[k; flf;fpd;w jj; JthjPj epiy Kd;thpapy;
Twg;gl;lJ/ me; jj; jj; JthjP j epiyapy; fpilf;Fk;
bghUs; vJthf ,Uf;Fk; >
mJjhd; rr;rpjhde; jk;
rj;J vd;gJ ,aw;i f cz; ik

rpj;J vd;gJ ,aw; if tpsf;fk;
Mde;jk; vd;gJ ,aw;if ,d;gk;
vy;yhj; jj;Jt';fisa[k; fle; J tpl;l epiyapy;
njhd;W k; Rfnk rr;rpjhde; jkhFk;/
27
njh;r; rf;f uk; bghUe;jpapUf; f mr; rhzp ,Ug;gJnghy;

,e;j clk;g[ mHpahky; tps';f ek; clk;gpy; mr; rhzpahf
cs;sJ rpw; rigna MFk;/
rr;rpjhde; j Rfj;ijj; juty;y xg;gw; w nkyhd btsp
vd;W brhy;yg;gLfpd;w mr;r hzpad;d tps';Fk; rpw; wk;gyj;J
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
rhfhf; fiy epiy jiHj;jpL btspbaDk;

Mfhaj; bjhsph; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (52)
rhfhf; fiy vd;gJ rhfhj; jiy. ntfhf;fhy;.

nghfhg;g[dy; vd; w K:d;W gFjpfisf; bfhz;lJ/ ,e; j
K:d;wpd; Kjy; vGj; Jf;f is xd;W nrh;j;j hy; rhnt ngh
vd;W tUk;/
kuzj;i jj; jtph;f;Fk; rhfhf; fy;tp brHpf;Fk; ,lk;
gpz;lj; jpy; Mfhakhfpa g[Ut kj;j pna MFk;/
fUntuw;wplnt fisfpd; w vd; fz;Qqjny vd;W
ghLthh;fs;/ gpwtpia ntuWf;f ty; yJ Ejw; fz;z hfpa
g[Ut kj; jpna ahFk;/ fuz xGf;f j;jpy; kdij ve;jtpj
Mghrj;j pYk; brYj;jbthl;lhky; ,Gj;J epWj;Jjy; vd;W
Twpath; mLj;J Kjypy; g[Ut kj;j papy; epWj; Jjy;
vd;fpwhh;/ fl;L f; fl';fh kdg; ghpiaf; fl;l ntz;oa ,lk;
g[Ut kj;jpna MFk;/ kdk; g[j;jp rpj;jk; mf';f huk; Mfpa
me;jf; fuz'; fs;j hd; ek;i k mUs; tHpapy; bry;y
bthl;lhJ jLj;J cyfpaypy; mGj;J fpd;wd vd vy;nyhUk;
vz;Qqfpd;nwhk; Mdhy; mnj fuz';fl;F kuzj; ijna
jLf;ff; Toa nguhw;wy; cz;L vd;f pwhh;/
kuzg; bgUk; gpzp thuhtif kpF
fuzg; bgUe;jpwy; fhl; oa kUe;nj (mfty;)
rhfhj fy;tpiaj; juf;Toa mDgtk; brHpj;J

tps';Fk; btspahfpa rpw;rig vDk; g[Utkj;jpahfpa
Mfhaj;n j gpufhrpf;fpd;w mUl;bgU"; n $hjpna/
28
fhuz fhhpak; fhl;oL btspbaDk;

Muzr; rpw;rig mUl;bgU";n$hjp (54)
fhuzk; vd;gJ N: l;Rkk;/ mjd; bray;ghnl fhhpak;

MFk;/ cz;gJ bray; mjw;F f; fhuzk; grp/ xUtUld;
rz;il nghLfpnwhk;/ mJ bray;/ mjw;Ff; fhuzk; mth;
kPJs;s nfhgk;/ fhuzk; btspg; gilahfj; bjhpahky;
,Uf;f yhk;/ fhhpak; btspna g[yg;gLtJ/ ey;y cjhuzk;
ts;syhh; TWfpd; whh;. mjhtJ ,e; j clk;g[ fhhpag;gLfpwJ/
mjw;Ff; fhuzkha; ,Ug;gJ ,e; j clk;gpYs; s capnu
MFk;/ mJnghy; mz;l ruhru'; fspd; bray;ghL fhhpak;/
mjw;Ff; fhuzk; ,iwtd;/ ,iwtd; . caph; Mfpa ,uz;L
fhuz'; fisa[ k; fhhpaj;jhy; kl;L nk mwpa Koa[k ;
vd;fpd;whh;/ Mjhuk;
gukjndhLyFaph;fs; fw;gidna bay;y hk;

gfh; rptnk badt[zh;e;njhkhjypdhy; ehnk
gpukbkdg; gpwh; f;Fiuj;Jg; bgh'; fp tHpe;jh'; nf
ngRfpd; w bghpath;jk; bghpa kjk; gponay;
cukpF ngUy Faph;fs; gukpit fhhpaj; jhy;
cs;sdnt fhuzj;j hy; cs;s d tpy;ydnt
jukpF nguUbshspahw; rptkank bay;y he;
jhbkdnt a[zh;tJ rd;khh;f; f bewp gpona
(jpUtUl;g h 5699)
g[uhzf; fijfs; btspg;gilahfj; bjhpfpd; wd/ ve;j

ePjpia my;y J cz; ikiar; brhy;tjw;fhf me; jf;
fijfs; g[ide;J vGjg;g l;ldnth me; j cz;ikfs;
g[uhz'; fs; gof;f pd;w mj;Jiz ngh;fSf;Fk; g[hpe;J
tpLtjpy;i y/ xU rpynu mtw; wpd; cz;ikfisg; g[h pe;J
bfhs;f pd;w dh;/ ntj'; fs; Mfk';fs; g[uhz';f s;
,jpfhr';fs; Kjypad ve;j cz; ikia btspg;gLj;j
vGjg;gl;l dnth me; j cz;ikfns fhuzkhFk;/ vGjg;gl;l
bray; fhhpak;/
29
Mrhhpad; mDf;fpufj; jhy; ahh; jd; Dila bew;wpf;

fz;izj; jpwf;fg; bgw;Wf; bfhs;fpd;whh; fnsh mth;fSf;F
vy;yhk; gl; lg; gfy; nghy tps';F k; vd;fpd; whh;/ Mrhhpad;
mDf;f pufk; bgwhkYk;. j';fsJ bew;w pf; fz;i zj;
jpwf;fg; bgw;W f; bfhs; shkYk; gy nfhof;f zf;f hd kf;f s;
thH;e;J bfhz;oUf;fpwhh;f s;/ mth; f s; ahtUk; ntj'; fs;
Kjypatw; wpd; cz;i kfis mwpahkYk; mtw;wpd; gaid
milahkYk; khz;L ngha;f ; bfhz;o Uf;fpd; wdh;/
gpz;lj; jpy; Mfhak; g[Utkj;jp ? mJnt bew;w pf; fz;
? mJnt rpw; rig ? vdnt fhuzk; ,J fhhpak; ,J vdr;
Rl;of; fhl;Lfpd;w Mfhr btspahfpa g[Utkj;j pahfpa
rpw;rigiaj;j hd; ntj'; fs; tpsf;F fpd;wdthk;/ ntj';fshy;
nghw;wg;gLk; rpw;rigapy; tps';Fk; mUl; bgU";n $hjpahdJ
fhuzkpJ fhhpakpJ vd tpsf;Ffpd;w J/
fhuz fhhpa'; fisj; bjhptpg;gd ntj';fs; MFk; :

Mjhuk;
Muzk; vd;gJ ntjk;
fhuzf; fhhpaf; fy;tpiaf; fw;gpj; J

Muz tPj papy; Mlr; bra;jPn u
(jpUtUl;g h 4645)
gjpepiyia tpsf;Fk; Muzkhfpa ntjk; ,e; j thpapy;

Twg;gl;lJ/
Vfk; mndfk; vdg;g fh; btspbaDk;

Mfkr; rpw;rig mUl;bgU";n$hjp (56)
,e;j mz;l ';fSk; gpz; l';fSk; midj;Jk; bray;g lf;

fhuzkha[s;s J guk; bghUs;/ Kjw; fhuzkhd guk;bghUs; Kd;
thpapy; Twg;gl; lJ/
cyfj;j pd; fz; thH;f pd;w $Pt uhrpfspy; gpz;l ';fs;
bray;glf; fhuzkha[s; sJ caph;/ mjhtJ gR/ mij
,e;jthpapy; TWfpd; whh;/
30
kdpj cliy Myakhf; fp $Pt dpd; ,Ug;gplj; ijf;

fUt{ykhf;fp mDgt';fisr; rl';F fshf;f p Mfk';fis
cUthf; fpdh; Kd; ndhh;/
ntjk; gjp E}y; ? Mfkk; gR E}y;/
,iwtd; xUtd; mJ Vfk;/ xUtndahfpa
,iwtid mndf tot';fspYk; mndfg; bgah;f spYk;
"hdpfs; fhl;oa[ s;sdh;/ mJ mndfk;/
rpw;rigapy; gpufhrpj;Jf; bfhz;o Uf; fpd;w xspiaj;
jhd; Kd;dhy; njhd;w pa "hdpfs; gyg;gy bja;t ';fshff;
fhl;odh;/
irtk; Kjyhf ehl;Lk; gy

rka';fbsy;y hk; jdpj;jdpf; fhl;Lk;
bja;t kpJ te; J ghhPh; jpUr;
rpw;wk;gyj; nj jpUeln$hjp/
(jpUtUl;g h 4605)
irtk; Kjyhf cs;s mj;jid rka';fSk;

fhl;oa[ s;s vy;yhj; bja;t';fSk; jpUr; rpw; wk;gy n$hjp
xd;nw ahFk;/ ,e;j cz;i kia czh;e;jtUk; TwpatUk;
ts;syhh; xUtnu/ ts;syhUk; Muk;gj; jpy; vy;yhj;
bja;t';f isa[k ; tHpgl;l jhfr; rpyh; brhy;fpd;whh;fs;/
vy;yhj; bja;t ';fSk; jpUr;rpw;wk;gy n$hjpapd; tpsf;fnk
vd;w cz;i k ts;syhUf;F Muk;gj; jpnyna bjhpa[khjyhy;
vy;yhj; bja;t'; fisa[ k; n$hjpapd; rhayhfnt mth;
ghLfpd;w hh;/
khiaahw; fy';f p tUe;jpa nghJk; ts;sy;

cd;jd; idna kjpj;Jd;
rhiaahg; gpwiug; ghh;j ;jnjay;yhy;
jiyt ntbwz;z paJz; nlh
J}a bghw;ghjkwpa ehdwpnad; Jahpdpr;
rpwpJkp'; fhw; nwd;
ehafh vdJ kaf;bfyhk; jtph;j;n j
ed;wUs; g[h ptJd; flnd/ (jpUtUl;gh 3635)
31
kfhnjt khiyapy; bka;a[ zh;e ;j thjt{h; kiyiar;

Rj;j btspahf;fpf; fye;J bfhz;l btspna vd;W ts;syhh;
ghLfpd;w hh;/ ,iwtid btspahff; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;/
me;j btspahfpa ,iwtid Vfd; vd;Wk; mndfd; vd;Wk;
Md;nwhh; tpsf;fpdh;/ Mfk';fs; me; j epiyia tpsf;f nt
njhw;W tpf;fg;gl; ld/ Vfk; mndfk; vdg; gfh; btsp
vd;fpd;w Mfk'; fs; tpsf;F k; rpw;r ig mUl;bgU"; n$hjp/
ntjhfk';fspd; tpist[fl;bfy;yhk;
Mjhukhk; rig mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (58)
ntj';fSk; Mfk';fSk; jUk; tpsf;f nk Kd; thpfspy;

Twg;gl;lJ/ gjp E}yhfpa ntjKk;. gR E}yhfpa Mfk';fSk;
vij tpsf;Ftjw;f hfj; njhw;wg;g l;ldnth mitfl;bfy;yhk;
K:yfhuzkha[ s;sJ ekJ g[Ut kj;j pahfpa rpw;rigna MFk;/
rpw;rigia Mjhukhf itj; nj ntj';fSk; Mfk'; fSk;
cUthf; fg;gl;Ls; sd/
Mjhuk; :
bfhoapilg; bgz;ngjha; eP mk;g yj;nj eof;Fk;

Tj;jho vd; bwdJ bfhGeh; jikf; Fwpj;jha;
goaplj;n j thdplj; nj ghjyj;n j mz; l
gfpuz;l nfhoapny gjp tpsf;f bky; yhk;
mokyh; bfhz;i lah; bra;a[ e; jpUf; Tj; jpd; tpsf;f k;
MFkpJ rj;jpabkd;W mUkiw Mfk';fs;
bfoa[wnt giwaoj;Jj; jphpfpd;w mtw;iwf;
nfl;lwpe;J bfhs;tha; epd; thl;l bkyhe; jtph;j; nj
(jpUtUl;g h 5760)
ntj';fl;Fk; Mfk'; fl;Fk; mit TWk;

tpsf;f';fl;F k; Mjhukhf tps'; Fk; rpw; rig thH;
mUl; bgU";n $hjp
32
vd;whjpa Rlh;f;fpadpiyahaJ
md;whk; jpUr;rig mUl;bgU";n$hjp (60)
vy; vd;gJ xsp ? Mjpa Kjyhfpa

Rlh; : Nhpad; re;jpud; el;r j;jpuk;
Kr;Rlh;fshf tps';Fk; Nhpad; re;jpud; el; rj;j pu'; fs;

Mfpa midj; jpDf;F k; Mjpahfp tps';fp mitfl;Fk; xsp
mspj; J mtw;w pd; xsp epiyia vd;Wk; cs;sjhf
epiyahdjhf tps';fr; bra;Jbfhz;Lk; mg;go xd;W
,y;yhjjhfj; njhd;W khWk; ,Uf;fpd;w rpw;r igf; flt[n s/
,e;j mz;lj;jpy; Kjypy; njhd;wpaJ Nhpadhfpa xsp
mjdplkpUe;Jjhd; kw;w vy;yhk; cz; lhapd/ vdnt Nhpa
xspna Mjp vdyhk;/ Mdhy; Mjpahd me;j xsp vd;W
njhd;w panjh mjw;F ,ay;g hf vJ ,lkspj; jnjh mJ jhd;
btsp/ me; j btspf;F Mjp vd;w xd;nw ,y;iy/ me;j
btspiaj; jpUr;rigahff; bfhz;Ls;s mUl;bgU"; n$hjpna/
rka';fle;j jdpg; bghUs; btspaha;

mika[k; jpUr;rig mUl;bgU";n$hjp (62)
Kd; thpapy; Twg;gl;l jpUr;rigia ,lkhff;

bfhz;Ls;s ghpg{uzg; bghUis tpsf;fnt rka'; fs;
njhw;wg;gl;ld/ Mdhy; ve;j r; rkaj;jhYk; KGikia
cs;sthW czh; j;j Koatpy;iy/ rka';fisj; njhw;wpa
"hdpfs; mDgtj; ijg; gpwh;f;F tpsf; fr; rpycUt'; fisf;
fw;gpj; jhh; fs;/ gpd;dh; te;jth; f nsh fw;gidfis
cz;ikbad;W jhk; ek;gpaJld; kw;wth;fSk; ek;g [khW bra;J
tpl;lhh;fs;/ Kothf cz;ik vd;g J monahnl kiwe; J
nghdJ kl;L kpd; wpf; fw;gidahff; fhl;lg;gl;l rka';fSk;
mtw;wpy; Twg;g l;Ls; s bja;t cUt';fSnk epiyahdjhf
kf;fs; kj; jpapy; epd;W tpl;ld/ ght';fis kd;d pf;FkhW
ntz;LtJk;. ed;ikfisj; jUkhW gpuhh;j; jpg;gJk; Mfpa
g[wtHpghl; nlhL rka';fs; epd;W tpl;ld. rhpia. fphpia
nahfk; "hdk; Mfpa ehd;fpy; Koe; j Koghfpa "hdtHp
33
epw;Fk; "hdpfs; kl;Lnk ,iwtidj; jd;D s;ns fhz

Kaw;rp bra;fpwhh; fs;/ ,th;f s; kl;L nk btsp mDgtj; ijg;
bgwf; Toath;f s;/
rka';fs; jUfpd;w vy;yh tpsf;f ';fl;Fk; mg;ghy;
xg;gw;w bghUsha; tps';Ffpd;w btspaha; mike;Js; s
jpUr; rigia ,lkhff; bfhz;L s;s mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
Kr;Rlh;fSk; xsp Ka';F w mspj;jUs;

mr; Rluh"; rig mUl;bgU";n$hjp (64)
mz;lj;jpny Mz; ltd; fhhpag;gLk; ,lk; vd

1/ mf;f pdp 2/ Nhpad; 3/ re; jpud; 4/ el;r j;jpuk; Mfpa
ehd;fpida[k ; ek; bgUkhdhh; Fwpf;fpd;whh; fs;/ ,e; ehd; fpy;
Nhpad;. re;jpud;. el; rj;j pu'; fs; Mfpa K:d;W Rlh;fSk; ek;
Cdf; fz;fSf;n f njhw;wkha; cs;s d/ me;j K:d ;wpDf;Fk;
xsp mspf;fpd;w Rlh; vJnth mr;Rluha; tps';Fk;
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
Mjhuk; :
re; jpu Nhpah; xsp bgw tps';F k;

jdp mUl; bgU btspj; jyj;bjG"; Rlnu
te;jpu tpil badf; fUsKjspj;nj
thH;f btd;w Uspa thH; Kjw; bghUns
ke;jpunkbaid tsh;f;f pd;w kUe;nj
khepyj;jpil baid tUtpj;j gjpna
je;jpuk; ahita[ Kila bka;g; bghUns
jdp eluh$ vd; rw;FU kzpna/
(jpUtUl;g h 3701)
ntW bghUs;
"hd bewp epd;W jtk; bra; n thh; jd;Ds;ns

,iwtid xspa[ Utpy; fhz;gh;/ me;j xsp mDgtk;
vt;thW ,Uf;Fk; vd ek; bgUkhdhh; tpsf;Ffpd;whh;/
guehj epiy mDgtk; mila[';f hy; ngbuhsp
34
bts;bshspahfj; njhd;Wkhk;/ mt;bthsp eLnt bghd;bdhsp

fhzf; fpilf;F khk;/ Kotpy; mg; bghd;bdhsp eLnt
brt;bthsp njhd;W khk;/ mr;b rt;bthspna ,iwtdhk;/
mDgtj;jpny K:d;W tpjkhd xsp njhd;Wtjw;F
Mjhuk;
<w; wwpnad; ,Ue;j pUe; jp'; fjp rapg;gbjd;dP

vd;fpd;wha; eP baid tpl;n lFbjhW ehd;whd;
fhw;wwpahj; jPgk; nghypUe; jpL kj;jUzk;
fz;l ghpbrd; g[fy;ntd; mz;l gfpuz; le;
njhd;w pajh';fjdLnt njhd;w pa bjhd; wJjhd;
ts;syUbshspnah tP jjprapf;Fk; tifna
(jpUtUl; gh 5767)
kw;WbkhU Mjhuk; :
cs;bshsp X';fpl capbuhsp tps';fpl
bts;bshsp fhl;oa bka;a Ul;f dny/
,e;j K:d;W xsp mDgt';fisa[k; mspj;J mt; bthsp

epiybgw;W tps';F khWk; bra;j Us;tPuhf vd mr;
Rlh;fl;bfy;yhk; Rluha; tps';Fk; rpw;r ig mUl;bgU"; n$hjp
Mz;ltiu ntz;L fpd; whh;/
JhpaK'; fle;j Rf g{uzk; jUk;

mhpa rpw;
rp w;wk;g yj;J mUl;bgU";n$hjp (66)
Kd; thpapy; K: d;W xsp mDgt'; fs; njhd;WtJ
Twg;gl;lJ/ me;j mDgtk; ve;j epiyapy; ifTLk; vd
,t;thpapy; Twg;gLfpd; wJ/
$hf;uj;. brhg;dk;. RGj;j p vd;w K:d;W
mtj;ijfisa[ k; fle;j gpd; Vw;g Lk; mDgtnk Jhpak;
vdg;gLk;/ me;jj; Jhpa mDgtKk; fle;j epiy Jhpah
jPjk; MFk;/ me;jj; JhpahjP j epiyapy; njhd;Wk; Rfnk
35
Fiwtw;w epiwe;j g{uz RfkhFk;/ mg;gog;gl;l Rfj;ijj;

jUtJ rpw;wk;gyk; vdg;gLk; ekJ g[Ut kj;j pna/ me;j
mDgtk; vspjpy; fpilg;g jy;y. vd;g ij czh; j;jnt mhpa
rpw;wk;gyk; vdg;gl; lJ/ JhpahjP j epiyapy; xsp njhd;Wk;
vd;gjw;F Mjhuk; :
Jhpa kiy nkYsnjhh; n$hjp ts ehL

njhd;W kjpy; Iah; elk; bra;a [k; kzp tPL
(ifawtpyhJ vDk; fP h;j; jid)
(jpUtUl;g h 5263)
mUikahfpa rpw;wk;gyj;J mUl;b gU";n$hjpahdJ

JhpahjP j epiyapy; Fiwtw;w Rfk; jUk; vd;gjhk;/
vt;tifr; Rf';fSk; ,dpJw mspj;jUs;

mt;tifr; rpw;rig mUl;bgU";n$hjp (68)
Kd; thpapy; Rf g{uzk; vdg;gl;lJ/ g{uzk; vd;gJ

cyfpayhapDk; mUspayhapDk; tsh;fpd;w xt; bthU
epiyapYk; kdjpy; epiwt[ njhd;w p ,d;gj;ij
Vw;gLj;J fpd; wJ/
cyfpaypy; kd epiwt[ milahjth; fs; mUspaypYk;
epiwt[ bgw KoahJ/ ek; bgUkhdhh; nghd;w gpwtp
"hdpfSf;F ,J bghUe; jhJ/ rKrhhpfl;F cyfpaYk;
ntz;Lk; mUspaYk; ntz;Lk;/ mjdhy;j hd; ts;syhUk;
nrhW ntz; oDk;. Rfkyhw; Rfkhk; ntW ntz;oDk; epid
mile; jd;w p nkbthzhJ vDk; nkyth; ciuf;n fhh; khW
ntz;onyd; vd;W ekf; fhfg; ghoa[s ;shh;/ cyfpay; Rfj;i j
kl;Lk; ehLnthh; mUspay; Rfj; ij ,Hf;fpd;whh;fs;/
Mdhy; mUspay; Rfj;ij ehLnthh; mUspay; Rfk;
kl;Lkpd;wp cyfpay; Rfj; ija[k; ed;w hfnt
mDgtpf;f pd;w dh; vd;gJ gyh; mDgt';fisg; ghh;j; J
mwpe; j cz; ik/ ,J gw;wpna cyfpay; Rfnkh mUspay;
Rfnkh vt;tifr; RfkhapDk; ,d;gk; miljw; bghUl;nl
36
mspj; jUs;fpd; w jd;ika[ ila rpw;rigapy; tps';Fk;

mUl; bgU";n $hjp Mz; ltnu/
,aw;if cz;ikajha; ,aw;if ,d;g Kkhk;

m ah;g ;gpyhr; rpw;rig mUl;bgU";n$hjp (70)
,e;j cyfj;jpny kl;Lky; yhJ ve; j cyfkhapDk;

,Jtiu flt[isg; gw;w pf; Twg;gl;l tpsf;f';fSk;.
tot';fSk;. tz; z';fSk;. bgah; fSk;. jd;ikfSk;
kdpjh; fshfpa "hdpfshy; fw;gidahf vGjg;gl; litna
MFk;/ mjdhy; me;j tpsf;f';fis ,aw;if vdf;bfhs;s
KoahJ/ mit midj;J k; braw;i fna/ ,iwtDila
,aw;ifahd toit. cz;ikia ,Jtiu ahUk;
fz;lhUkpy;iy. tpz;l hUkpy;iy/ ,e;j tpsf; f';f is
bay;yhk; tha;g;ge;jy; vd;W ek; bgUkhdhh; TWfpd;whh;/
(Mjhuk;)
Va;g;ge;jp tz;zbud;Wk; gof tz;zbud;Wk;

,izapy; xsp cUtbud;Wk; ,ay; mUtbud;Wk;
tha;g; ge;j y; ,Ltjd;w p cz;ik brhyty;yhh;
tpz;zplj;Jk; kz;zplj;Jk; kw;wplj;Jk; ,iyna
(jpUtUl;g h 5634)
ehk; mDgtpf;F k; Rf'; fs; ,aw;ifahdjy; y/

,aw;if vd;w hy; vd;Wk; khWglhjJ vdg; bghUs;/
cyfpay; Rf';fSk; ,d;g';fSk; cz;ikahdjy;y/
vg;gobadpy; czt[. cil. bghUs;. tPL. kid. kf;fs;.
g[fH; Kjypa vt;tifr; Rf'; fSk; epiyahdjhf
,Ug;gjpy; iy/ rpy fhyj; jpw;F s; mtw;wpd; kPJ ekf;n f
rypg;g[ Vw;gl;L tpLfpwJ/ ,e; j khw;wj;jpdhy; ehk;
mDgtpf;f pd;w Rf';fs; ,aw;ifahdJky; y ?
cz;ikahdJky;y ? epiyahdJky;y vdj; bjhpfpd;w J/
tplh Kaw;rpahy; rhjid gapd;w fhyj;J r;
rpw;rigahfpa g[Ut kj;j papy; jk; ,aw;if cz;i k
totpidf; fhl;o jsh;tilahkYk;. nrhh;e; J nghfhkYk;
37
,aw;if cz;ik ,d;gj;ij vf;fhyj;Jk; mspj;J

K:g;gpd;w pf; fhf;F k; mUl; bgU"; n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
rhf;fpuhjP
puhjPjj; jdp btspaha; epiwt[
Mf;fpa rpw;rig mUl;bgU";n$hjp (72)
ml;lh';f nahfk; Kjypa rhjidapd; Kothf Vw;gLk;

rkhjp epiyapy; xU kdpjd; jdJ Ra epidit monahL
,He;J jd;idna kwe;J tpLfpwhd;/ kPz;Lk; Ra
epidtpw;F mtd; tUk; tiu mtd; rkhjp epiyapy;
,Ug;gjhf vz; Qqfpnwhk;/ ek; bgUkhdhnuh rkhjpg; gHf;f k;
gHf;fky;y vd;f pwhh;/ nahfk;. rkhjp epiyapy; bfhz;L
tpLtjhy;j hd; nahfk; bra; jy; ntz;Ltjpy; iy/ mjpy;
mGe;j p tpl;l hy; kPSjy; mUik/ K:lk; cz;lhFk; vd;W
ek; bgUkhdhh; vr;rhpf;i f bra;fpd; whh; /
btz;zpyhf; fPh; j;jidapy;
jd;id awpe; J ,d;gKw btz;zpyhnt
xU je;jpuk; eP brhy;y ntz;Lk; btz; zpyhnt
vd;W ghLfpd;whh;/ ,ij kdjpy; bfhz;L ,e;j mfty;

thpf;F ciu fhz;nghk;/
rhf;fpuk; vd;gJ tpHpg;g [ epiy/ tpHpg;g [ epiyapy; kdk;
bray;gLtJ rhjhuz epiy/ tpHpg;g[ epiyapd; mjPj j;jpy;
kdk; ml';Fkhdhy; me;j epiyf;F <L ,iz brhy;y
KoahJ/ kdk; bray;glhJ. ml'; f pa epiyiana btsp
vdg;gl;lJ/ kdk; ml';fpa epiy kpfr; rpwe;j J vdnt
jdp btsp vd;W Twg;gl;lJ/
tpHpg;g[ epiyapd; mjPj j;jpy; rpw;r igahfpa g[Ut
kj;jpapy; kdk; ml';Fk; xg;gw; w mDgtk; Vw;gLk; nghJ
vy;yh epiwt[fisa[k; cz; lhf;fpj; jUfpd;w
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
38
Mjhuk; :
vy;yh epiwt[f isa[k ; ek; bgUkhdhh; bgw;w jhy;
vdf;fpJ nghJk; vd; w kd epiwitg; gj;J ghly; fspy;
btspg;gLj;J fpd; whh;/ mjpy; xU ghly;
fl; lKk; fHd;nwd; ftiy tpl;blhHpe; n jd;

fyf;fKk; jPh;e ;jdd; gpwtpr;
rl;lKk; fpHpj; njd; J}f;fKk; Jwe;njd;
rhita[k; nehita[k; jtph;e;n jd;
rpl;lKk; mile;njd; rpw;riga[ ilahd;
bry;t bka;g; gps;is vd; bwhU ngh;g;
gl;lKk; jhpj;njd; vdf;fpJ nghJk;
gz;zpa jtk; gypj;jJnt (jpUtUl; gh 4736)
g{uz epiwt[ bgw;wjdhy; ,y;y hik vdf;fpy;iy vd;f pwhh;/

vy; yhKk; braty;y jdpj;jiyth; bghJtpy;
,Ue;J elk;g [hpfpd;w mUk;bgU";nrhjpapdhh;
ey;yha; ed; dhl; lhh; fs; vy;y hUk; mwpa
ez;zp vid kzk; g[hpe;jhh; g[z ;zpadhujdhy;
,y;yhik vdf;fpy;iy vy; yhh; f;Fk; jUntd;
vd;Dila bgU"; bry;t k; vd; g[f y; ntdk;kh
bry;yhj mz;lkl;nlh mg;g [wj; jg;ghYk;
rpt"hdg; bgU"; bry;t k; rpwg;gJ fz;l wpna
(jpUtUl;g h 5740)
Rl;L jw;fhpjhk; RfhjPj btspbaDk;

ml;l nkw; rpw;rig mUl;bgU";n$hjp (74)
Kd; thpapy; epiwthd Rfk; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplg;gl;lJ/
rh;f;f iu ,dpf;Fk; vd;W jhd; Tw Koa[n k jtpu. me;j
,dpg;g[ vg;go ,Uf;Fk; vd;W nfl; lhy;. mg;gof; nfl;gth;
thapy; rh; f;fiuiag; nghl;L mth; Ritf;Fk;gor;
bra;jhy;jhd; me;j ,dpg;ig mtuhy; czu Koa[k;/
ehk; mwpe;j Rfk; vJnth mjw;bfy;yhk;
mg;ghw;gl;ljha;. vj;jifa Rfj;j pw;Fk; mjPjkhdjha; cs;s
Rfj;ij mspf;F k; btspahfpa $Pt fhrkhfpa rpw;r ignah
39
,Jbtdr; Rl;o f; fhl;l vtuhYk; ,ayhjjha; cs;s J/

ml;lk; vd;gJ ? vl;L MFk;/ vl;L vd;gJ jkpHpy; @ m @
vd;w vGj;jhFk;/ mjhtJ ,ij mfhuk; vd;ghh;fs;/
mfhuk; vd;g njh caph; MFk;/ capuhfpa $Ptfhrnk
rpw;rig/ mfhunk caph; vd;g jw;F Mjhuk; :
mfhuk; capnu cfhuk; gunk

kfhuk; kykha; tUKg;gjj; jpy;
rpfhuk; rptkha; tfhuk; totkha;
mfhuk; capbud;W miwaYkhnk (jpUke; jpuk;)
ve;jr; Rfj; jpw;F k; nkw;gl;l mjP jkhd Rfj;ij

mspf;F k; $Ptfhrkhfpa rpw;rignah ,Jbtdr; Rl;of; fhl;l
,ayhj xd; whFk;/ mj;jifa rpw;rigapy; tps';Fk;
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
ete;jtph; epiyfSk; ez;Q qnkhh; epiyaha;

epiyaha
mte;jtph; rpw;rig mUl;bgU";n$hjp (76)
g[jpa xU bghUs; fpilj;jhnyh my; yJ th';fpdhnyh

rpy ehl;fSf;f htJ mg;bghUspd; kPJ jdpg;gl;l Xh; Mir
vGtJ ,ay;g[/ Mdhy; mijj; Jspa[k; yl; rpak; bra;ahJ
epuhira[ld; thGk; JwtpfSk; cs; sdh;/ etk; vd;gJ
g[jpaJ/ (eta[fk; vd;gJ g[jpa a[fk;) me; j epuhir
kd';bfhz;l epiyia mile; njhh;T l tpUk;gf; Toa xU
epiyaha; nfty';fisa[ k; jhH;t[f isa[k; ,Hpt[f isa[k;
jtph;f; fpd; w rpw;wk;gyj;J mUl;bgU";n $hjp/
Fwpg;g[ : rhpia. fphpia. nahfk;. "hdk; vd; w ehd;fpy;

rhpiaapy;. rhpia fphpia nahfk; "hdk; vd
tphpa[k;/ mt;thnw fphpia. nahfk;. "hdk; Mfpa
K:d;W k; tphpa[k ;/ Mf bkhj;jk; gjpdhW
epiyfspy; gjpide;jhk; goahfpa "hdnahf
epiyapy; epw;nghh; epuhir bfhz;l kd';
bfhz;o Ug;gh;/
40
cga gf;f';fSk; xd;bwdf; fhl;oa

mga rpw;rigapy; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (78)
Kd; thpapy; epuhir vd;gJ Twg;g l;lJ/ epuhir

bfhz;n lhh; kdk; vg;go ,Uf;Fk; vd;gJ ,e; j thpapy;
Twg;gLfpwJ/ ,d;gk; Jd;gk;. V'; fy; rypj;j y;. cz;L
,y;iy. tpUg;g[ btWg;g[. ey;yJ bfl; lJ. g[z; zpak; ghtk;.
Vw;wk; ,wf;fk;. bry;t k; tWik vd; gd xt;bthUtUila
thH;tpYk; Vw;gLk; ,uz;L gf;f ';fshFk;/ me;j
,uz;ila[k; rkkhf ahh; Vw;Wf; bfhs; fpd;whh;fnsh mth; fns
"hdpfshth;/ elg;gbjy;yhk; ,iwtd; brayd;wp ek; bray;
ahbjhd;W k; ,y;i y vd;Dk; rPhpa bfhs;ifa[ilnahUk;
mth;fns Mth;/ mg;gog;gl;l "hdpfl;n f gakw;w mga thH;t [
jUfp; d;w rpw;r ig mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
epuhir bfhz;l kdKilath;fshy; kl;Lnk ,d;g
Jd;gk; midj;ija[ k; rkkhf Vw; Wf; bfhs;s ,aYk;/
,e;jphpa';fSk; fuz';fSk; khiaapd; bjhlh;g[ ,y;yhky;
,Uf;Fk;/ vdnt khiaapd; tpisthfpa fh;kk; mjhtJ
bray;ghL ,Uf; fhJ/
nkYk; ahh; ,d;g Jd;gk; nghd; w midj; jpida[k ;
rkkhf Vw;W f; bfhs; fpd; whh; fnsh mth;fl;F vijg; gw; wpa[k ;
gak; ,Uf; fhJ/ mjdhy;jhd; mga rpw;rig vd;W
Twg;gl;lJ/
nrfukhk; gy rpj;jp epiyf;

epiyf;bfyhk;
Mfukhk; rig mUl;bgU";n$hjp (80)
,e;jphpa';fSk;. fuz';fSk; nrl;i law;W ,Uf;f

ntz;oa epiy Kd; thpapy; Twg;g l;lJ/ mt;tDgtj;jpy;
iftrk; Mfpd;w rpj;j pfisg;gw;wp ,t;thpapy; Twg;gL
fpd;wJ/
brhw;r pj;j p bjhl';f pf; fUkrpj;j p. nahfrpj;jp.
"hdrpj;jp ,tw;W ld; ml;lkh rpj;jpfs; nghd;w midj; Jr;
rpj;jpfSld; Koe;j Koghd Kj;n jf rpj;j p
41
epiyfisbay; yhk; xd;W nruf; bfhz; oUf;f pd;w bgl;lfkha;

tps';Fk; rpw;rigapd; mUl; bgU";n $hjp Mz;ltnu/
Mjhuk; : fuz';f s; nrl;ilaw;W ,Ue;jhy; rpj;jpfs;

vy;yhk; iftrk; MFk; vd;gjw;F Mjhuk;/
fhl;ilbayh'; fle;J tpl;nld; ehl;i laile;J dJ

foefh;g ; bghd;kjpw; fhl;r p fz; Fspuf; fz;nld;
nfhl;i lbayh'; bfho ehl; of; nfhykplg; ghh;j ;njd;
nfhapypd; nky; thapypny Fiwfbsyhe; jtph;j;n jd;
nrl;ilaw;W f; fUtpbayhk; vd; trk; epd;wplnt
rpj;jpbayhk; bgw;nwdhd; jpUr;rpw;wk;gynky;
ghl;ilbayhk; ghLfpd;nwd; ,J jUzk; gjpna
gye;jUbkd; cse; jdpny fye;J epiwe;jUns (3820)
kdhjpfl; fhpa kjhjPj btspahk;

mdhjp rpw;rigapy; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (82)
kdk; g[j ;jp rpj;j k; mf'; fhuk; Mfpa fUtpfSf;F

vl;lhjjha[k ; mhpajha[k ; mnjnghy ntjhe;jk;. rpj;j he;j k;.
ehjhe; jk;. nahfhe;jk;. nghjhe;jk;. fyhe;jk; Mfpa
kj';fl;Fk; mg;ghw;g l;ljha;. vl; lhj bghUshfpa btspna
rpw;rig MFk;/ me;j btsp vd; W njhd; wpaJ vd;W
brhy;y Koahj mdhjp MdJ/ me;j rpw;r igapy;
mdhjpaha; tps';Fk; mUl;bgU";n $hjp/
kdk; Kjypa fUtpfshy; mwpa KoahjJ vd;gjw;F
Mjhuk; :
fhw;WUnth fdYUnth flt[SUbtd;g hh;

fhw;W Ut[ k; fdYUt[ k; fz;Liug;gP h; vd;why;
ntw;W Unt g[ fy;th; mij ntbwhd; why; kWj;jhy;
tpHpj;J tpHpj;J vk;nghy;thh; kpft[k; kUs;fpd;whh;
njhw;W ke;j jj;JtKk; njhw; whj jj;J tKk; Jhprhf
mit fle;j Rf brhU:g khfp
khw;w kd czh;t[ bry;yhj; jyj;jhLk; bgUkhd;
tot[iuf; f ty; ytuhh; tGj;jhbad; njhHp (5638)
42
Xjp epd;W czh;e;J czh;e;J czh;jw;fhpjhk;

Mjp rpw;rigapy; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (84)
kdjhy; czu KoahjJ vd Kd;thpapy; Twg;gl;l J/

goj;Jk; czu Koahjtd; ,iwtd; vd ,e;j thpapy;
Twg;gLfpwJ/
ntj';fs; Mfk';f s; g[u hz'; fs; Kjypa fiyfs;
,iwtidg; gw; wpa tpsf; f';f is vt;tst[ ju Koa[ nkh
mt;tsita[ k; jUfpd; wd/ fy;t p mwptpdhy; ,e;j
E}y;fisbay;yhk; goj;J ,iwtid czu Kw;gl;n lhkhdhy;
vt;tst[jhd; goj;jhYk; vt;tst[ czh;e;j hYk; KGikahf
,iwtid czu KoahJ/
mUl; bgU";n $hjp Mz;lth; tps';Ffpd;w rpw;rignah
Kd;djhfnt njhd;wpajhFk;/ Kd; djhfnt tps';Ftjhf
,Ue;J k; E}ywptpdhny czu Koahj rpw;rigapy;
tps';Ffp;d;w mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
thuKk; mHpah tuKk; jUk; jpU

MuKjhk;
MuKjhk; rig mUl;bgU";n$hjp (86)
kdjhYk; czu KoahJ/ ve; j E}iyg; goj; Jk;

mwpa KoahJ vd;w hy; mij mwpa vd;d Kaw;r p bra;a
ntz;Lk; vd;gij ,e;j thpapy; czh; j;Jfpd;whh;/
thuk; vd;gJ md;g[/ xU $Ptd; kw; bwhU $Ptd; kPJ
bfhs;Sk; ,uf;fj; ijg; ghpt[. fUiz. <uk;. jat[. ghrk;
vd;bwy;yhk; Fwpg;gpLk; ek; bgUkhdhh; ,iwtd; kP J ehk;
bfhs;s ntz;oa gf;j pia md;g[ vd; W TWfpd;whh;/ mth;
vGjpa xt; bthU fojj;j pYk; @$P th;fsplj;Jj; jat[k;
gpug";rj; jpy; btWg;g[k;. flt[ splj;J md;g[k; khwhky; ,Uf;f
ntz;Lk; @ vd;w thrfj;ijf; fhzyhk; /
me;jr; rpw;rigahdJ jd; kPJ md;g[ bfhs;SkhW
mJnt bra;tJld; mjd; gpujpgydhf mHpah tuKk;
43
mspf; fpd; wjhk;/ mKjj;ij cz;nghh; kuzkpy;y hky; thH;th;

vd;fpwJ rpj;jh; fspd; "hdE}y;/ mg;gog;gl;l mKjkha;
tps';Ffpd;w rpw; rig thH; mUl; bgU"; n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
,Hpahg; bgUeyk; vy;

vy;yhk; mspj;jUs;
mHpahr; rpw;rig mUl;bgU";n$hjp (88)
,wthj thH; it rpw; rig mspf;Fk; vd;whh;/ ,wthj

thH;t[ bgw;why; nghJkh> me;j thH;t[ vg;go mika
ntz;Lk; vd;W ,e;j thpapy; tpsf;Ffpd;whh;/
gpwh; J}w; whkYk;. tirghlhkYk; ehk; mila[k ;
ed;ikfs; mika ntz;Lk;/ ghg fhhpa';fs; ,y;yhky;
ey;y tHpapy; <l;Lk; bghUSk;. jhd jUk';fs; bra;J
mjdhy; tUk; g[ z;zpa';fSk;. nehaw;w thH;t [ bfhz;l
jplnjfKk;. ve;jf; Fw;w Kk; g[ hpahj fhuzj; jhy; cz; lhFk;
gakw;w thH;t [k;. gf;j p bfhz;l ey; y cs;sKk; ,tw; why;
bgwf;Toa g[f H; Kjypadnt ,Hpahg; bgUeyd; fshFk;/
,Hpt[ mjhtJ nftykpy;yhj bghpa bghpa ed;i kfs;
vt;tst[ cz; nlh mit midj;jpida[k; mspf;f
ty;yjhfpa vd;W k; cs;s jha; mHpahJ tps';Fk; rpw; rig
thH; mUl;bgU";n $hjp Mz; ltnu/
fw;g k; gy gy fHpapDk; mHpt[wh

mw;g [jk; jUk; rig mUl;bgU";n$hjp (90)
Kd; thpfspy; mHpah tuKk;. ,Hpahg; bgUeyKk;

mwptpf;fg;gl; ld/ me; j mHpah thH;tpd; vy;i y ,e;j
thpapy; Twg;gLfpwJ/
fpnujha[fk;. jpnujha[fk;. Jthgua[f k;. fypa[fk; Mfpa
ehd;F a[ f';f spd; bkhj;j fhy mst[ xU fw;gk; vdr;
brhy;yg;gLfpwJ/ ,g;gog;gl;l fw; g fhy'; fs; gyg;gy
mjhtJ vj;jid fle;jhYk; mHpnt ,y;yhJ thHf; Toa
kpf kpf mw;g[jj;ij mspf;fpd;w rpw;rigapy; tps';Fk;
44
Fwpg;g[ : ,Uk;g[ vd; why; <uKk; fhw;Wk; mjpy;gLk;nghJ

mjpy; JhpR Vwp ehsiltpy; me; j ,Uk;g [
cjph;e ;J tpLk;/ mjd; bfl;o j; jd; ik
J}shfptpLk;/ ,J ,Uk;gpd; ,ay; g[/ Mdhy;
tlY}h; "hdrigiar; Rw;wp ek;bgUkhdhh;
mikj; Js;s ,Uk;g[r; r'; fpypahdJ 1872k;
Mz;L bjhl'; fp ,d;Wtiu bta;apypy; fha;e; Jk;.
kiHapy; eide; Jk;. fhw; wpy; njha;e; Jk; JhpR
VwhkYk;. mjd; jd;ik bflhkYk; ,Ug;gJ
mw;g[j k; my;yth/ ,J ek; bgUkhdhh; ekf;Fj;
jUk; mwpt[ iuahf tps';F fpd; wJ/ mjhtJ
JUgpof; ff;T oa rhjhuz ,Uk;i ga[k; JU
Vwhky; fhy'; fhykhfr; rpijt[glhJ fhg;ghw;w
Koa[k; vd;why; gpwtpapnyna cah;e ;jjhfpa khdpl
njfj;i jf; fhg;ghw; w Koahjh! Koa[k; vd;f pwJ
tlY}h; rj;j pa "hdrigapd; ,Uk;g[r ; r';fpyp/
vidj;J k; Jd;g pyh ,ayspj;J vz;z pa

midj;J k; jUk; rig mUl;bgU";n$hjp (92)
fw;gfhyk; vj;jid fle; jhYk; thH; fpd;w thH;itg;

bgw;why; kl;Lk; nghJkh> me;j thH;t[ Jd;gkw;wjhf
my;yth ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;/ ,e;jf; fUj;i jj; jUfpd;wJ
,e;j thp/
ek;Kila m$hf;fpuijapdhy; tUk; Jd;g';fis ehnk
jtph;j; Jf; bfhs;syhk;/ Mgj;j pdhy; Vw;gLk; Jd;g';f s;jhd;
ek;khy; jtph;f ;f Koahjit vd;gJ kl;L ky;y.
bgUe;Jd;gKk; mitna MFk;/ Mdhy; mg;gog;gl;l
Mgj;jpdhy; tuf;Toa bgUe;J d;g'; fisa[k; ePf; fty;y J
rpw;rigna MFk;/ (Mjhuk;)
Mgj;i j eP f;fp tsh; j;nj rw;Wk;
mirahky; mtpahky; monad; csj;nj
jPgj;ij itj; jJ ghhPh; jpUr;
rpw;wk;gyj; nj jpUel n$hjp (jpUtUl;gh 4590)
45
Mgj;jpdhy; tUk; Jd;g';fns eP'; fptpLk; vd;w hy; kw;iwj;

Jd;g';f s; Vw;glnt tHpapy;iy/
mLj;jJ vz;zpa midj;jpida[k ; bgWtJ. rpw;wk;gy
elk; fhz;nghh; vtnuh mth; fl;F vz;zpa vz;zbky;y hk;
,dpJ Koa[k; vd; fpd; whh; ekJ bgUkhdhh;/
gz;zpa g{i$ epiwe;jJ rpw; wk;gy el';fz;L

vz;zpa vz;z k; gypj;jJ bka;a pd;gk; va;jpanjhh;
jz;zpa yhuKJz;l dd; fz;l dd; rhkpia ehd;
ez;zpa g[z;z pak; vd;Diuf;n fd; ,e; j ehdpyj;n j
(jpUtUl;g h 5398)
fhiyapny vGe; J rpw; rig el'; f z;L thH;nthh;f;Fg;gpd;
tpisthf epidj;jitbay;y hk; ifTLkhk;/ (Mjhuk;)
Kd; ghl;Lf; fhiyapny tUFth; vd; fzth;

nkhrkpiy nkhrbkd bkhHpfpd; whh; bkhHpf
gpd;ghl;Lf; fhiyapny epidj; jbtyhk; Koa[k;
gprfpiy ,k; bkhHp rpwpJk; gprfpiy ,t;t[yfpy;
Jd;ghl;L r; rpw;w pdj; jhh; rpWbkhHp nfl; Ls;se;
Js';nfy; ek; khspifiar; N:H my'; fhpg;gha;
jd;ghl;L j; jpUg;bghJtpy; elj; jpiwth; Miz
rj;jpak; rj;jpak; khnj rj;jpak; rj;jpank
(jpUtUl;g h 5706)
vt;tpjj; Jd;gKkpy;yhj thH;tspj;J vz;zpa

vz;z'; fs; midj;i ja[k; Koj;Jj; juty;y rpw;rig thH;
ghzpg; gpyjha;g ; gutpndhh;f;fUs; g[hp

Mzpg; bghd;dk;g yj;J mUl;bgU";n$hjp (94)
Jd;gkw; w thH;f ;ifa[ k; vz;zpa midj; ija[k ;

Koj;Jf; bfhLf;Fk; ty; ygj;i ja[k; mspf;f ty;yJ vd
Kd; thpapy; Twg;gl;lJ/ ahUf;Fj; ju ntz;Lk; vg;nghJ ju
ntz;Lk; vd ,e;j thpapy; Twg;gLfpd; wJ/
46
ghzpg;g[ vd;w brhy;y pd; bghUs; fhyjhkjk;

vd;gjhFk;/ bghd;dpd; tif Ie; J vd;gh;/
1/ Mzpg; bghd; 2/ gRk;bghd; 3/ brk;bghd;
4/ $k;g[e jk; 5/ fpspr;riu/
,tw;W s; Mzpg; bghd; vd;gJ kpf kpfr; rpwe;jjhFk;/
kpf kpfr; rpwe;j jhfpa Mzpg; bghd;idbahj;j

bghd;dk;gyj;n j eldkpLk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz; ltnu
j';fis thH;j;j pndhh;f;Fk; ntz;ondhh;f;Fk; fhyjhkjkpd; wp
clnd mUs;g [hptP uhf/
Fwpg;g[ : Jd;gkw; w thH;t[k ; vz;zpaij vz;zpathW

mila[k ; tz;zKk; juf; Toath; jhd; flt[s;/
mijf; fhy';fle;J mspj;jhy; vd;d gad; >
rpy gaph;t iffl;F Kd; kiH ntz;Lk;
kiHapd; wp mg;gaph; bta;a pyhy; fha;e; J bfl;Lg;
nghd gpwF kiH bghHpe; J vd; d gad;>
mJnghy; ,s tajpy; mUs; bgw; why; ed;F
gaid mila Koa[k;/ K:g;g[ beU';fpa gpwF
vij mDgtpf; f ,aYk;/ vdnt jf;f fhyj;jpy;
mUs;g[ hptPu hf/
Kd; kiH ntz;L k; gUtg; gaph; btapd; K:o f; bfl;l

gpd; kiH nga;e ;bjd;d ngW fz;lha; me;jg;
bgw;wpiag; nghy;
epd; kiH nghy; bfhilapd;w d;wp K:g;g[ beU';fpaf; fhy;
bghd; kiH nga; e;bjd;d fd; kiH nga;e;bjd;d
g{uznd/ (jpUtUl;gh 2267)
vk;g yk; vdj; bjhGnjj;jpndhh;f;fUs;g [hp

mk;g yj;jhly; bra; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (96)
Kd; thpapy; cd; id thH;j;j pndhh;f;F mUs;g[ hpthahf

vd;W ntz;odhh;/ thH;j; Jfpd;w kf; fs; nfhof; fzf;fpy;
47
cs;sdh;/ vg;go thH; j;jpdhy; mUs;g[hpthd; ,iwtd; vd;gJ

,t; thpapy; Twg;gLfpd;wJ/
$Pt Rje;juk;. njf Rje; juk;. nghf Rje;juk; vd
K:d;W mw;g Rje;ju';fs; kdpj Fyj;jpw;F kl;Lk;
jug;gl;Ls; sd/ mijg; gad;gLj;jpr; rpw;r py fhhpa';fisj;
j';fs; tpUg;gj; jpw; nfw;g kdpjh; fshy; bra;a ,aYk;/
j';fs; tpUg;gk;nghy; kdpjh;f s; bray;gLtjhy; mth; fs;
braypYs;s ed; ik. jPikfl;nfw;g tpidg; gaid mth;f s;
mDgtpf;f ntz; oajhfpwJ/ kw;w ve;j $Pt uhrpfl;Fk;
,e;jr; Rje;juk; ,iwtdhy; mspf;f g;glhjjhy; mitfl;F
mitfspd; bray;f l;F tpid VJkpy; iy/ tpid vd;gJ
kdpjh; fl;F kl;Lnk cz;L vd;gij epidtpy; bfhs;s
ntz;Lk;/
,e;j K:d;W Rje;j u';f isa[k ; ,iwtDf;nf xg;g[f;
bfhLj;Jtpl;L mtd; vd;d ntz;LkhdhYk; bra;J
bfhs;s l;Lk; vy;y hk; mtd; brany vd;w mstpy;
,iwtdplk; ahh; ruzhfjp milfpwhh; fnsh mth; fl;F
,iwtDila Mw;w y;fs; midj; Jk; brhe;j khfpd;wd/
mk;gyj;nj mUs; eldk; g[hpfpd;w mUl; bgU";n $hjp
Mz;ltnu j'; fisna ghpg{uzkhf ek;gp. j';fs; gynk
v';fs; gyk; vd;W c';fisna ahh; bjhGJ
thH;j;J fpd; whh; fnsh mth;fl;F mUs;g[h ptPuhf/
eluhr gykJ ek; gynk ? elkpLtJ jpUmk;gynk/
jk;g u "hd rpjk;guk; vDk; Xh;

mk;guj; njh';fpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (98)
jk;gyk; vd ek;gp ahh; tHpgLfpd; whh; fnsh mth;fl;F

mUs;g[ hpthahf vd;W Kd; thpapy; ntz;odhh;/ mg;go
mUs; fpd; w mk;gyk; vJ vd;why; jkf;F s;ns
vy;yhtw;wpDf;Fk; nkyhdjha; tps';F k; "hdg{uz Mfhak;
vdg;gLk; g[ Utkj; jpahfpa rpw;rigna/
48
guk; ? nkyhdJ
rpjk;guk; : Mfhak;
gpz;lj; jpy; Mfhak; g[Ut kj;j p vd;fpwJ ciueil/
mjw;Fg; bghJ vd;W k; bgah;/ bghJ vd;gJ rig/ "hd
g{uz Mfhakhf ek;kpilna tps';FtJ bghJbtDk; g[Ut
kj;jpna MFk;/ me;jg; g[ Ut kj; jpahfpa mk;g uj;n j X';f pa
mUl; bgU";n $hjp//
"hd g{uz Mfhak; bghJ vd;gjw;F Mjhuk; :
ntjhe;j epiy eho tpiue;J Kad;wwpnad;

bka;tifa[ k; iftifa[ k; bra;tifa[k; mwpnad;
ehjhe; jj; jpUtP jp ele;j pLjw; fwpnad;
ehdhbud;wwpnad; v'; nfhd; ahh; vd;wwpnad;
nghjhe; jj; jpUehL g[ftwpnad; "hd
g{uzhfha bkDk; bghJit mwpntndh
Vjhe;j Pnad; rhpjk; v';' dk; ehd; g[Fntd;
ahh;f;Fiug;ngd; vd; d bra;ntd; VJkwpe;jpynd/
(jpUtUl;g h 3317)
vr;rig bghJbtd ,ak;g pdh; mwp"h;fs;

mr;rig ,l';bfhSk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (100)
"hd rpjk;gukhf tps';FtJ bghJbtd Kd;thpapy;

tpsf;fg;gl;lJ/ me;jg; bghJ vy;n yhh;f;F k; bghJthdnj
vd ,e; j thpapy; Twg;gLfpwJ/
,e;Jf; nfhapy;f spy; ,e; Jf;fs; my;yhjhh; cs;ns
EiHaf; TlhJ vd Kd; thapypy; mwptpg; igf; fhzyhk;/
fpwpj; Jt Mya';fspy; fpwpj;jth; fs; kl;Lnk m'; fj;j pduhf
Koa[k;/ Kfk;k jpah; tz';Fk; jh; fhtpYk; me;j kjj; jth;
kl;Lnk tHpgl Koa[k ;/ xt; bthU rkaj;jtUk; j';fSf;b fd
Mya';fs; mikj; Jf; bfhz; lhh; fs;/ vy;yhr; rkaj;jtUk;
ngjkpd; wp tz';f f;Toa Mya';fs; my;y ,it/ tlY}hpy;
ts;syhh; mikj; j rj;jpa "hd rig xd;W jhd; vy;yhr;
49
rhjpapdUk;. vy;yhr; rkaj; jtUk;. vy; yh kjj; jtUk; te;J

tz';ff; Toa bghJthd MyakhFk; / g[wj;nj mwp"h;f s;
TWfpd;w bghJthd rig tlY}h; "hdrig xd;nw/
mfj;n j cs;sk; bgU';nfhapy; CDlk; g[ Myak; vd;ghh;
jpUK: yh;/ ,e;j kdpj clk;gpny ,iwtdpd; ,Ug;gplk;
bew;wpapny cs;s g[Ut kj;jpna MFk;/ ,e;Jf;fs;
bew;wpapny jpUePW k; jpU kz;Qqk; mzpe; J
bfhs;f pd;w hh;f s;/ fpwpj;Jth;fSk; gukgpjhtpd; ,Ug;gplkhf
bew;wpiana Rl;Lfpd;whh;fs;/ kfk;kjpaUk; ryhk; vd
xUtiubahUth; khpahij bra;tJk; bew; wpiaf;
fhl;oj;jhd;/ vdnt vy;yhr; rkaj;jtUk;. vy;y h kjj;jtUk;
bew;wpna ,iwtdpd; ,Ug;gplk; vd tFj;Js;sdh;/
g[wj;nja[s;s Mya';f spy; rkangjk; kjngjk; ,Ue;j hYk;
mfj;j pny mjhtJ kdpj njfj;j pny rw;Wk; khWghod; wp
bew;wpna ,iwtdpd; ,Ug;gplkhf mwp"h;fs; Vw;Wf;
bfhz;Ls;sdh;/ Kd;dnu TwpaJ nghy ,e;Jf;fs;
my;yhjhh; cs; ns EiHaf;TlhJ vd;w mwptpg;gpid
,e;Jf; fspd; Mya';fspy; fhz; fpd; nwhk;/
bkf;fhtpw;F kfk; kjpah;fs; jtpu kw;iwnahUf;F
mDkjpapy;iy/
fpwpj; Jt Mya';fspy; gpw rkaj;jth; bry;tjw;F xU
ntis mDkjpj;jhYk; me;jj; njthya';fspy; fpwpj;Jth;
my;yhjhh; gjpt[ bra;J bfhs; snth. tHpghL elj; jp
itf;fnth mDkjpapy;iy/
tHpgLk; Mya'; fs; rka. kj ngjj;Jld; tps';F
fpd;wnjad;w p rkur nehf;Fld; ,y;y nt ,y; iy/ vy; yh
mwp"h;fSk; bghJthd Myak; vd Vw;Wf; bfhs; sf;T oaJ
g[wj;nj tlY}h; rj;jpa "hd rig xd;nw/ mt;t hnw
mfj;j pny mwp"h;fs; midtUk; bghJbtdf; TWtJ
g[Utkj;j pna MFk;/
ve;jr; rigia mwp"h;fs; midtUk; bghJthdJ
vdf; TWfpd;w hh;f nsh (g[Ut kj; jpahfpa rpw;wk;gyk;) me;jr;
rigia ,lkhff; bfhz;L tps';Ffpd;w mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
50
thLjy; ePf;fpa kzp kd;wpilna

MLjy; ty;y mUl;bgU";n$hjp (102)
(Kd;thpapy; midtUf;Fk; bghJthdjhf ,iwtd;
tps';FtJ rpw;rigahfpa g[Ut kj; jpna vdf;T wg;gl;lJ/
,e;j thpapy; rpw;rigapd; gad; ,Jbtdf; Twg;gLfpd; wJ)/
thLjy; vd;g J kuzkiljy;/ kuzj;ij eP f;fpa
kzpkd; wkhfpa rpw;rigapy; MLfpd;w ty;ygk; bgw;w
MLfpd;w nrtof;F Mshdjhy; jhd; khshj ahf; if
bgw;wjhf mwptpf;fpd;whh;/
MLfpd;w nrtof;F Mshndd; khshj ahf;if bgw; nwd;

ghLfpd;n wd; ve;i j gpuhd; gjg;g[ fiHg; ghog; gho
ePLfpd; nwd; ,d;g f; Tj;jhLfpd;n wd; vz;zbkyhk;
epuk;gpndnd/ (jpUtUl;gh 5445)
kw;bwhU ghlypy;
fUntuw;wplnt fisfpd; w vd; fz;Qqjny
vd;W ghLfpd;whh;fs;/
Mf g[Utkj;j pahfpa rpw;rigna kuzj;ij ePf; f ty;y
Mw;wYilaJ vd ,e;j thpapy; tpsf; fg;gLfpd;w J/
ehlfj; jpUr;bray; etpw;wpLk; xU ngh;

Mlfg; bghJ bthsph; mUl;bgU";
bgU";n$hjp (104)
(kuzj;i jna ePf; fty;y g[Utkj;j pahfpa rpw;rig Kd;
thpapy; Twg;gl;l J/ me; jr; rpw;r igapy; ,iwtd; vt;t hW
tps';Ffpd;whd; vd ,e;j thpapy; Twg; gLfpd;wJ/)
cs;bshspapd; mirtpidna eluhr eldk; my; yJ
Mde;j eldk; vd;W ek;bgUkhdhh; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;whh;/
xt;bthU kdpjDila jiy kz; il Xl;Lf;Fs;ns mjhtJ
fghyj;j pw;Fs;ns ,iwtdhdtd; jpUr; rpw;wk;gyj;ij
,lkhff; bfhz;L eldkpl;Lf; bfhz; oUf;f pd;w hd;/
51
@ Xyf; fghlj;ijr; rhyj; jpwe;jUs;

Xyf;fk; fhl;odPh; thhPh ;
fhyf; fzf; fpy; yPh; thhP h;/@ (jpUtUl;gh 4450)
bghJ vd;fpd;w rpw;rigia xU ngh; Mlfk; vdg;gLk;

kpfr; rpwe;j eld rigahff; bfhz;L ehlfk; vd;fpd;w
xspapd; miritj; jpUr; brayhff; fhl;og; gpufhrj;Jld;
tps';Fk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
Fwpg;g[ : g[Ut kj;j pahfpa rpw;r igia Mlfk; vd;Wk;

xspapd; mirit ehlfk; vd;Wk; th;z pf;fpd;whh;/
fw;g id KGtJ'; fle;J xsp jUk; Xh;

mw;g [jr; rpw;rig mUl;bgU";n$hjp (106)
Kd; thpapy; rpw;r igia eld mu'; fkhff; bfhz;L

mUl; bgU";n $hjp Mz;lth; xspahf epd;W mirthfpa jpUr;
braiy "hd ehlfkhf elj; jpf; bfhz;o Uf;f pwhh; vd;gJ
tpsf;fg;gl;lJ/ ,iwtd; v';nf ,Uf;f pd;w hd;. vt;thW
tps';Ffpd;whd;. vd;d bra;J bfhz;oUf;fpd;whd;
vd;gbjy;yhk; Twg;gl; lhYk; mtdJ cUit mtdJ
braiy vt;t st[jhd; fw;gid bra;jhYk; me;jf;
fw;gidf;Fs; ml';fhJ vd;f pd;w J ,e;j thp/
"hdpfs;. mUshsh;f s;. nguwpthsh; fs; ahUila
fw;gid vt;tst[ ePz; lhYk; mtw;w pw;bfy;yhk; ml';f hJ
mitfl;F mg;ghw;gl;Lg; gpufhrpf; fpd;w Xh; xspiaj;
jUfpd;w kpf mw;g[ jkhd rpw;rigapy; tps';F k;
<d;w ew;whapDk; ,dpa bgUe; jat[

Md;w rpw;rigapy; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (108)
Kd; thpapy; fw;gidf;F vl;l Koahj xd;Wjhd;

,iwtd; vd tpsf;fg;gl;lJ/ mg;gog;gl;l xU bghUshy;
ekf;bfd;d gyd; vd;fpd;wJ ,e; j thp/
52
cyfpny vija[k; tplr; rpwe; jJ xU ey;y jhapd;

md;ng vdf; TWth;/ mJt[k ; bgw; bwLj;j jha; vd;w hy;
brhy;y nt ntz;oajpy;i y/ kfd; vg;gog;gl; l
Jh;f;FzKilatdhdhYk; vt;tpjkhd Fw;wk; g[h pe;j hYk;
mtid kd; dpf; fnt bra;ths;/ Mdhy; mg;gog;gl;l ey; y
jha[';T lr; rpy neuj; jpy; kfd; bra;j gpiHiaf; fz;L
rpwpJ fz; og;igf; fhl;Lthshk;/ rpw;rigapy; tps';Fk;
Mz;ltnuh ve; jf; Fw;wKk; Fwpahky; bgw;w jha; fhl;L k;
fUizia tpl gy nfhog; g';F mjpfkhd fUiz
fhl;Lthh;/ khwhj fUiz cila rpw;r ig
mUl; bgU";n $hjp Mz;lth; ,d;gj;i j kl;Lnk mspf;f pd;w
jat[ilath; Mthh;/ (Mjhuk;)
ew; wha[k ; gpiH Fwpf;ff; fz; nlhk; ,e; j ehepyj;n j

kw;wth; ahh; ehlhh; tPnz
gw;wha[k ; mth; jik ehk; gw;nwhk; gw; wpy; gw;w hj
gw;W ilahh; gw;wp cs; ns
cw;wha[ k; rptbgUkhd; fUiz xd; nw cW gpiHfs;
vj;Jiza[k; bghWg;gJ vd;W cd;
bghw;whis tpUk;gpaJk; kd;WshLk; bghUns
vd; gpiHaidj;Jk; bghWf;ftd;nw/
(jpUtUl;g h 2166)
,d;g [W ehDsj;J vz;z pah';F vz;z pah';F
md;g [wj; jUrig mUl;bgU";n$hjp
$hjp (110)
Kd; thpapny <d; w jhiatplg; bgUe; jat[i laJ

rpw;wk;gyj; J mUl;bgU";n$hjp vd;W Twg;gl;lJ/ ehk;
nfl;gitbay;yhk; fpilf;F kh ? bfhLf;Fkh vd;why; Mk;
bfhLf;Fk; fpilf;F k; vd;fpwJ ,e;j thp/
vy;yh caph;fSk; ,d;g[w;W thH ntz;L k; vd;W kl;Lnk
vd; cs;sj; jpy; vz;z pndd;/ ehd; mt;t hW vz;z pa
nghbjy; yhk; vz;zpathnw vdf;F mspj;j jhy; me;j r;
rpw;rig Mz; lth; kPJ vdf;Fk; md;g[ Vw;gl;lJ/ ehd;
vz;zpaij bay;yhk; mspj;J vd;i d ,d;gkilar; bra;J
53
jd; kPJk; md;g[ tsUkhW jUfpd;w rpw;rig

Fwpg;g[ : gpw caph;fs; ,d;g kila ntz;Lk; vd;W jd;
cs;sj; jpny vz; zk; Vw;gl; lJ vd;gjw; F Mjhuk;
kz; Qqyfjpny caph;f s; jhk; tUe;J k;
tUj;jj;ij xU rpwpbjdpDk;
fz;Qqwg; ghh;j ;Jk; brtpa[ wf; nfl;L k;
fzKk; ehd; rfpj;jpl khl;nld;
vz;QqWk; vdf; nf epd;d Us; tyj;j hy; ,irj; j
nghjpirj;j nghbjy;yhk;
ez;Qqkt; tUj; jk; jtph; f;f ey; tue; jhd;
ey;Fjy; vdf;fpr;irahbke; jha;
(jpUtUl;gh 3408)
mth; vz;zpathW Mz; ltd; je;j hd; vd;gjw;F Mjhuk;/

Jd;bgyhe; jPh;e ;jd Rfk; gypj; jJ epidr;
N:H;e; jjUbshsp epiwe;n j
Rj;j rd;khh;f; f epiy mDgtk; epdf; nf
Rje;jukjhdJ cyfpy;
td;bgyh ePf; fp ey; tHpbayhkhf;f p bka;
thH;btyhk; bgw;W kpft[k;
kd;Dapbuyhk; fspj;jpl epidj; jida[ d;wd;
kd epidg;gpd;gof;nf
md;g eP bgWf t[ ythJ ePL:H ptpis
MLf mUl;n$hjpahk;
Miz ek; khiz vd;nw
,d;g[wj; jpUthf; fspj;J vd;Dns fye;J
,irt[ld; ,Ue;j FUnt
vy;yhk; bra;ty;y rpj;jhfp kzp kd;wpdpy;
,y';F eluh$ gjpna (jpUtUl;gh 3676)
54
vk;ika[k; vd;id tpl;L ,iwa[k; gphpahJ

mk;ikag;gDkhk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (112)
Kd; thpfspy; jhapDk; jat[ ilath; vd;Wk; vz;zpa

midj; jpida[k; jUgth; vd;Wk; Mz;ltiug; gw; wpf;
Twg;gl;lJ/ g[ Ut ikakhfpa jpUr; rpw;wk;gyk; ek;i ktpl;L
vg;nghJk; gphpahJ md;idiag; nghy; mUisa[k ;
mg;gidg;nghy; mwpthw;wiya[k; je;J bfhz; nl ,Uf;Fk;
vd;fpwJ ,e;j thp/
vf;fhyj;Jk; vd;idtpl;Lg; gphpahky; vdf;F
md;ida[kha; mg;gDkha; tps';fpf; fhf;fpd;w
gphpt[w;wwpahg; bgUk; bghUsha; vd;

mwpt[f; fwpthk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (114)
vf;fhyj;Jk; gphpahky; mk;i ka[k ha; mg;gDkha;

tps';fpr; rpw;rig Mz;lth; fhg;ghw;w pf; bfhz;oUf;fpd;whh;
vd;W Kd; thpapy; Twg;gl;lJ/ Vd; gphpa khl;lhh; vd;W
tpsf;Ffpd;wJ ,e; j thp/
cyfpaypy; ehk; <l;Lfpd;w ve;jg; bghUSk;
epiyahdjy;y/ fhyj;jpdhny gphpe; J tplf; fhz; fpd; nwhk;/
bghUs;f s; kl;Lkpd;w p kdpjh;fs; cwtpYk; gphpt[
Vw;gLfpd;wJ/ el;g pny gphpitf; fhz; fpd;nwhk;/ fUiza[k ;
rptKkhd bgUk;bghUs; vdf;Ff; fpilj;jJ/ mJ
vf;fhyj;Jk; ve;n euKk; vidg; gphpe;jnj ,y;iy/ Vbddpy;
gphpt[ vd;g J vd;d btd;n w mJ mwpahjJ/ mJ vd;
mwpnthL fye;J mwptpDf;F mwptha; tps';Ffpd;w J/
vd; mwptpDf;F mwptha; tps';FtJ vJ bjhpa[ kh>
mUl; bgU";n $hjp Mz;ltnu jh';fns fUiza[ k; rptKkha;
gphptpd; wp mt;thW tps';Ffpd;wP h;/
55
fUiza[k; rptKk; bghUs; vd;w jw;F Mjhuk;/
jUzkp";"hd;nw Rj;j rd; khh; f;fj; jdpbewp

cybfyhk; jiHg;gf;
fUiza[ k; rptnk bghUs; vdf;fUJk; fUj; Jk;
cw;W vk;kndhh; fspg;gg;
bghUs; epiw X'; fj; bjUs; epiy tps';fg;
g[z;zpak; bghw;g[w ta';f
mUs; eae;j Us;t ha; jpUr; rpw; wk;gyj;nj
mUl; bgU";n $hjp vd; dunr (3757)
rptnk bghUbsd;W njw;wp vd;i dr;

rpt btspf;nfWk; rpfuj; jpy; Vw; wpr;
rptkhf; fpf; bfhz;lJ ghhPh ; ? jpUr;
rpw;wk;gyj; nj jpUel n$hjp
(jpUtUl;g h 4586)
rptnk bghUbsd;W mwpthy; mwpe;n jd;

brj;jhiu kPl;f pd;w jpz;ikiag; bgw; n wd;
ctnka kpy;yhj xU epiy jd;dpy;
xd;wpuz;bld;dhj cz;ikapy; epd;n wd;
jtnk g[h pfpd;whh; vy;yhUk; fhzj;
jathy; miHf;fpd;nwd; fathnj njhHp
mtnk nghfhbjd;n dhL Mnlo ge;J
mUl; bgU";n $hjp fz; lhnlo ge;J
(jpUtUl;g h 4958)
rhjpa[k; kjKk; rkaKk; fhzh

Mjp mdhjpahk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (116)
mUl; bgU";n $hjp Mz;lth; gphpbtd;gnj ,y;y hJ

fUiza[ k; rptKkha; mwpnthL fye; J tps';Ftjhf Kd;
thpapy; Twg;gl;lJ/ mg;g oahdhy; midtUk; mtiu Vd;
mwpe; J bfhs;s ,aytpy; iy vd;gjw;F ,e;j thp
tpilaspf;fpwJ/
56
mUl; bgU";n $hjp Mz;ltnu cdf;F Kd; njhd;wpaJ

vJt[k; ,y;iy/ cdf;Fg; gpd; ,Uf;fg; nghtJk; vJt[k ;
,y;iy/ Mjpa[k ; mdhjpa[kha; tps';FtJ ePh; xUtnu/
mg;go ,Ue; Jk; ,ilapy; kdpjh;fshy; fw;gpf;fg;gl; l $hjp
kjk; rkak; Mfpa gw;Wf; fisf; bfhz;nlhh; fhz Koahj
xd;wha; tps';Ffpd;w Ph;/ $hjp btwp. kj btwp. rka btwp.
Kjypatw; iw tplhJ gw;w pf; bfhz;o Ug;nghh; fy;tp E}y;f is
vt;tst[jhd; frlwf; fw;Wzh;e; jpUe; jhYk; guk; bghUshfpa
cd;idf; fhznt KoahJ. mth;f s; g[wj;j pnyna kdijr;
brYj;j pj; j';f s; j';fs; rka kjj; bja;t ';fspd; kPJ
mirah ek;gpf; if bfhz;L me;je;j tot';f spYk;
bgah;fspYk; tz;z ';fspYk; cz;ikapnyna ,Ug;gjhf ek;gp
tHpgLtjhy; mf mDgtkhfpa jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk; mth; fs;
mwpa Koahj bghUshfp tpLfpd;wJ/
rhjpg; gw;W k; kjg; gw;Wk; rkag; gw;Wk; bfhz;nlhh;
fhz Koah tif Mjpa[k; mdhjpa[ khd mUl;bgU";n$hjp
Mz;lth; tps';fpf; bfhz;o Uf;f pd;w hh;/
rhjpa[k ; rkaKk; jtph;j ;njhh;f;F kl;Lnk ,iwtd;
cwtha; ,Uf;f pwhd; vd;gjw;F Mjhuk; :
Mjpa[k; me; jKk; ,d; wp xd;whfp

mfk; g[wk; mfg;g[ wk; g[wg;g[wk; epiwe; n j
Xjpa[k; czh;e;J k; ,';fwptUk; bghUns
cs';bfhs; rpw; rig eL tps';F bka;g ; gjpna
n$hjpa[ k; n$hjpapd; KjYk; jhdhfpr;
N:H;e; bjid tsh; f;fpd;w Rje; ju mKnj
rhjpa[k ; rkaKk; jtph; j;jth; cwnt
jdp eluhr vd; rw;FU kzpna
(jpUtUl;g h 3704)
57
jDfuzhjpfs; jhk; fle;J mwpa[nkhh;

mDgtkhfpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (118)
rhjpg; gw;W . rkag; gw;W. kjg; gw;W. Kjypatw; iwf;

iftpl Koahjth;fs; fhz Koahj me;j ,iwtid
ahuhy; fhz Koa[k ; vd;w tpsf;f k; jUfpd; wJ ,e;j thp/
jD vd;gJ clk;g[ ? mjhtJ bka;. tha;. fz;. K:f;F.
brtp Mfpa ,e;jphpa';f s;
fuzk; vd;gJ kdk;. g[j; jp. rpj; jk;. mf';fhuk;. cs;s k;
Mfpait/
,e;jphpa';fSk; fuz';fSk; rjh rh;t fhyKk;
bray;gl;L f; bfhz; nl ,Uf;f pd;w d/ mit bray;gLfpd;w
tiu ,iw mDgtk; Vw;gLtnj ,y; iy/ ,e;jphpa';fSk;.
fuz';fSk; bray;gLfpd;w epiyiaf; fle;J. gpd;dh; mwpt[
kl;Lk; bray;gLfpd;w nghJ mwpaf; Toa Xh; mDgtkhf
rjh rh;t fhyKk; ,iwtidna vd; kdjpy;
epidj; Jf; bfhz;oUf;fpd;nwd;/ ntW rpe;j idna vd;
kdjpy; vGtjpy;i y vd;W TWth; rpyh;/ ntW rpyh; ehd;
vg;nghJk; mtDila g[fiHna ngRfpd;nwd;/ mtd;
ghly;fisna vg; nghJk; ghLfpd;nwd; vd;gh;/ kdjpdhny
epidg;gjpdhYk; thahy; ngRtjhYk; ,iw mDgtk;
te;jpLkh vd;why; thuhJ vd; fpd; whh;/ g[y d;fisf; flf; f
Kjypy; vd;d bra;a ntz;Lk;> ghrj; ij mWf;f ntz;Lk;/
gpwF jhd; fuz'; fs; ml';F k;/ ghrj;ij mWj;j cz;ik
mwpt[i lnahh; kdk;. g[j; jp. rpj;jk; . mf';f huk; Mfpa
fuz';f isr; bray;glbthl;l hJ ePf ;fp. K:r;ira[k ; mt;thnw
mfw;w p. bka;. tha;. fz;. K:f;F. brtp Mfpa fUtpfis
mfw;w p. Mir vDk; khiaia tpl;L. cyfpaypy;
mDgtpf;f pd;w mw;g Rf'; fisbay;yhk; monahnl
tpl;blhHpj; J Mztk;. khia. fd;k k; Mfpa Kk;k y';f s;
vGk;ghtz;zk; mtw;iwa[ k; ePf;f p. jtk; nkw; bfhz;L
58
cyfpaypy; rpwpJk; xl;lhJ epd;why; mth;fis ,e;j ,iw

mDgtkhdJ jhnd NH;e;J fye;J tpLkhk;/ Mjhuk; :
kl; lfd; w beL';fhyk; kdj; jhy; thf; fhy;

kjpj;j poDk; g[yk;gpoDk; thuhJ vd;nw
fl;lfd;w bka;awpnthh; fuzk; ePf;f pf;
fiyafw; wpf; fUtpbayhk; fHw;wp khia
tpl;lfd;W fUkkynghjk; aht[k; tpLj; J
xHpj;J r; rfrky tPf; fk; ePf; fpr;
Rl;lfd;W epw;f mth; jk;i k Kw;Wk;
N:H;e; J fye;jpLk; rptnk Jhpaj;njnt
(jpUtUl;g h 2126)
Fwpg;g[ : epidtpy; gRkuj;j hzpnghy; gjpa itj; Jf; bfhs;s
ntz;oaJ vd;dbtd;why; mUl;b gU";n $hjp vd; gJ
xU kdpjdhy; mwpaf;Toa Xh; mDgtnk/
mUl; bgU";n $hjp Xh; mDgtk; mDgtnk/
cDKzh; czh;tha; czh;btyh';fle;j

mDgthjPj mUl;bgU";n$hjp (120)
,e;jphpa';fSk;. fuz';fSk; fle;J mwpaf; Toa Xh;

mDgtnk ,iwtdhfpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp vd;W Kd; thpapy;
Twg;gl;lJ/ me; jf; fuz czh;t [f is vt;thW flg;gJ
vd ,e; j thpapy; czh; j;jg;gLfpd;w J/
Xh; Mrhhpaidf; bfhz;L jpahdk; bra;tjw;Fg; gapw; rp
Vw;W f; bfhz;lhy; g[Ut ikakhfpa rpw;rigapy; Xh; czh;t[
vWk;g[ CWtJ nghyj; njhd;Wk;/ me;j czh;t [ kpf kpfj;
Jy;ypakhdJk; bky; ypajhft[k; Muk;gj; jpy; ,Uf;Fk;/ me;j
czh;tpd; kPJ ehl;lk; bfhz;L bghwp g[yd;f shy; Vw;gLk;
czh;itf; flf;Fk; epiyiaj;j hd; cDk; czh;/
czh;thy; czh;btyhk; fle;J vd ,e;j thpapy;
Twg;gl;Ls; sJ/ mg;go ,e;j phpa fuz czh;t[ fisf; fle;J
mDgtpf;f pd;w mDgtj;j pd; Kotpy; njhd;Wfpd;w ngbuhspna
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
59
bghJ czh; czUk; nghjyhy; gphpj;nj

mJ vdpy; njhd;wh mUl;bgU";n$hjp (122)
,iwtdhfpa mUl;bgU"; n$hjp Xh; mDgtk; vd;Wk;

mij. czh;t[ fisf; fle;J mDgtpf;fyhk; vd;Wk; Kd;
thpapy; Twg;gl;lJ/ me;j mDgtj;i j ek; clk;g pd; ve; jg;
ghfj;jpy; mwpayhk; vd;gJ ,e;j thp jUk; tpsf;f khFk;/
bghJ vd;gjw;F vd;d tpsf;fk; > vy;nyhiua[ k ;
bghJthf mjhtJ ghugl;rkpd;w pr; rkkhfg; ghh;g ;gJ vd;gjh>
mg;bghUSk; cs;sJ/ MapDk; ,e; j thpf;F me;jg; bghUs;
bghUe;j hJ/ "hdk; g{uzkhf tps'; ff; Toa Mfhakhfpa
g[Ut kj; jpna bghJ vd;gjhFk;/
Mjhuk; :
ntjhe;j epiy eho tpiue;J Kad;wwpnad;

bka;tifa[ k; iftifa[ k; bra;tifa[k; mwpnad;
ehjhe; jj; jpUtP jp ele;j pLjw; fwpnad;
ehd; Mh; vd;wwpnad; v'; nfhd; Mh; vd;wwpnad;
nghjhe; jj; jpUehL g[ftwpnad; "hd
g{uzhfha bkDk; bghJit mwpntndh
Vjhe; jPnad; rhpjk; v'; 'dk; ehd; g[F ntd;
ahh;f;Fiug;ngd; vd; d bra;ntd; VJkwpe;jpynd
(jpUtUl;g h 3317)
mz;lj;jpy; mz;lk; Mfhrk;/ gpz;lj;jpy; mz;lk;

g[Utkj;j p/
mUl; bgU";n $hjpia ek; clk;gpd; ve;j ghfj;jpy;
czu Koa[k; vd;w hy; "hd g{uz Mfhak; vd;W
brhy;yg;gLfpd; w bghJthfpa rpw; rigapy;jhd; czu Koa[nk
jtpu mij tpl;Lg; g[wj;nj mJ vd;W Rl; of; fhl;l j;
njhd;w hj xd; whFk;/ mUl;bgU"; n$hjp Mz;ltuhfpa
mDgtj;ijg; g[Utkj;jpapy; czu Koa[nk jtpu mt;tplk;
jtph;j; J mfj; jpYk; g[w j;jpYk; vt;tplj;Jk; njhd;whj xd;W
jhd; mUl;bgU"; n$hjp/
60
,iwtd; mJ jhd; vd;Wk; ,Jjhd; vd;Wk;

Rl;l bthz;z hJ vd;gjw;F Mjhuk; :
bgh Jbtd;Wk; bghJtpy; elk; g[hpah epd;w

g{uz rpw;rptbkd;Wk; nghjhde;j
kJbtd;W k; gpukbkd;Wk; gukbkd;Wk;
tFf;fpd; nwhh; tFj; jpLf mJjhd; vd; Wk;
,Jbtd;W k; Rl; l bthz;zhJ mjdhy; Rk;kh
,Ug;gJnt Jzpt[ vdf; bfhz;oUf;fpd;nwhiu
tpJbtd;w jz; zspahy; fye;J bfhz; L
tps';Ffpd;w bgU btspna tpkyj; njnt
(jpUtUl;g h 2136)
Fwpg;g[ : mUl; bgU";n $hjp vd;gJ Xh; mDgtk; vd;Wk;.

fUtp fuzhjpfs; fle;j gpd; g[Ut ikakhfpa
rpw;rigapy; njhd;Wk; Xh; xsp mDgtk; vd;Wk;
rpw;rig jtpu mfj;nja[ k; g[wj;n ja[k; ntbw';Fk;
Rl;of; fhl;l Koahj xd;W vd;Wk;
tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;s J/
cstpdpy;
cstp dpy; mwpe;jhy; xHpa kw;wsf;fpd;
mstpdpy; msth mUl;bgU";n$hjp (124)
Kd; thpapy; "hdg{uz Mfhakhfpa g[Utikaj;j py;

czUk; nghJ kl;Lnk mwpa Koa[ k; vdf; Twg;gl;lJ/
me;jg; g[Ut ikaj;i j vt;t hW mwpa ntz;Lk; >
cst[ vd;gJ xU bghUisg; gpwh; mwpah tz;zk;

,ufrpakhf mwptJ/ cjhuzk;/ ; joj;j ,Uk;g [j; Jz; il
tisf;f ntz;Lkhdhy; mg;gona tisf;f ,ayhJ/
mijg; gGf; ff; fha; r;rp tisj;j hy; vspjhf tisa[k;/
gGf;ff; fha; r;r ntz;Lk; vd;W bjhpe; J bfhs;tnj cst[/
61
,ufrpakhf mwpa ntz; oaij ,ufrpakhf mwptnj cst[/

xU ey;y FUit eho mth; fUizapdhny mth; K:y khf
,ufrpakhf me; jg; bghJit mwpe; J bfhs;s ntz;L k;/
mt;thW mwpe;J bfhs; shjth;fs; ntW ve;j tifapy;
vt;thW Kaw;rp bra;J Kad;w hYk; vd;Wk; mwpa KoahJ/
ve;j msitf; bfhz;L mse;J ghh;j ; jhYk; me;j mstpdpy;
ml';f hjJ. me; jg; bghJtpy; tps'; Fk; mUl;bgU";n $hjp.
jf;f Mrhhpaidf; bfhz;L bew;wpf; fz;i zj; jpwe;J
bfhs;s ntz;L k; vd;fpwJ ciueil/
,iwtdplj;jpy; ehk; neuoahfj; bjhlh;g [ bfhs;s

KoahJ vd;gjdhy;jhd; nfhapy;f spy; g{i$ bra;a
mh;r; rfh; fis Mjp fhyj;j pypUe;n j epakpj; jpUf;fpd;whh;fs;/
,iwtid miltjw;F xt;bthUtUf;Fk; ey;y. FU
njit/ jdf;F mt;t hW xU ey;y FU mikatpy;i y
vd;gijj;jhd; X';fpa Xh; Jizapd;wp cah;e ;j xl;Lj;
jpz;izapy; J}';fp kpfg; g[uz;L tpH vd;w thpfspy;
bjhptpf;fpd;whh;/
vjdhYk; Mz; ltid msf;f KoahJ vd;gjw;F Mjhuk; :
nguha mz;l';fs; gyt[k; gpz;l ngj';f s; gw;gyt[ k;

gpz;lhz;lj; jpd;
thuha gy bghUSk; flYk; kz;Qqk; kiya[st[ k; flYst[k;
kzYk; thDk;
Cuhj thd; kPDk; mQqt[ k; kw;iw cs;sdt[k ; mse;j plyhk;
Xnfh cd;id
MuhYk; msg;ghpJ vd;W mde; j ntjk; miwe;J ,isf; f
mjp J}ukhFk; njnt
(jpUtUl;gh 2124)
,Jtiu mse;J ghh;j; j mj;Jiz ngh;fSk; vijf;

bfhz;L mse;jhh;fnsh mJ nja; e; jnj jtpu ,iwtd;
msitf; fz; lhhpy;iy/
62
Mjhuk; :
fp sf;f pd;w kiwasit Mfkg; ngusitf;

fpse;j pL bka;r; rhjdhk; msit mwpt[ msit
tpsf;Fkpe;j msitfisf; bfhz;L beL';fhyk;
nkyth;f s; mse; J mse;J bkypfpd;whuh';nf
msf;f pd;w fUtpbayhk; nja;e;j plf; fz;lhnuy;
md;wp xUthnwDk; mst[ fz;lhhpiyna
Jsf;fKW rpw; wwpthy; xUthbwd;Wiuj;njd;
brhd;d btsptiunaDk; Jzpe;j sf;fg; gLnkh
(jpUtUl;g h 5703)
,iwtid cs;n s fhz cst[ mwpa ntz;Lk;
cs; shidf; fjt[ jpwe; J cs;ns fhz

csbtdf; nf ciuj; jhid czuhh; ghl;ilf;
bfhs;s hid vd;ghl;ilf; Fwpf; bfhz; lhid
bfhy;y hik tpujbkdf; bfhz;lhh; jk; ikj;
js;shidf; bfhiy g[iyiaj; js;s hjhiuj;
jGthid ahd; g[hpe;j jtW nehf; fp
vs;shid ,lh;jtph;j; jp';bfd;id Mz;l
vk;khidf; fz;L fspj;jpUf;fpd;nwnd/
(jpUtUl;g h 3936)
vd;ida[k; gzp bfhz;L ,wth tukspj;J

md;idapY te;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (126)
Kd; thpapy; cstwpnthh; kl;Lnk ,iwtid mwpa

Koa[k; vd mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ/ cst[ vd;gJ vy;nyhUf;Fk;
bghJthdjy;y/ vy; nyhUk; cstwpa ,ayhJ/ jpwik.
rhkh;j ;jpak;. mwpt[. ntfk;. Jzpt[ Kjypa gy
jFjpa[ilnahh; f;F kl;Lnk chpika[ ilaJ/ me;j csit
mwpe; J bfhs;Sk; jFjp cdf; fpy; iy vd;W vd;idj; js; sp
tplhky; gzp bfhs;thahf vd;W ,e; j thpapy; ntz;lg;gLtJ
fhz;f/
63
ehd; me;j csit mwpaj; jFjpahdtd; my; y vd;W

vd;idj; js; sp tplhky; vd;ida[k; cd; gzp bra;af;T oa
md;gh; fspy; xUtdhfr; nrh;j ;Jf; bfhz;L mjd; KGg;
gydhfpa kuzkpyhg; bgUthH;t[ je; J vd;jhapDk; bgU
kfpH;r ;rpailfpd;w vd; mUl; bgU"; n$hjp Mz; ltnu/
,iwtd; gzp bra;ag; gyh; jFjpa[lDk; Mty;
bfhz;Lk; cs;s dh;/ mt;thW ,Ue;J k; ,iwtndh
ts;syhiu kl;L k; jd; gzp bra;a Ml;bfhz;l hdhk;/
(Mjhuk;)
ca;gps;is gw;gyh; Mty; bfhz;nl

cyfj;j pUg;g ,';bfd;idj; jd; Vty;
bra; gps;is Mf;f pw;Wg; ghhPh; ? jpUr;
(jpUtUl;g h 4611)
ngUw;w cyfpYW rka kj bewpbayhk; vdj;

bjhl';F k; eluhr gjpkhiyg; ghly;
@ eP vd; gps;is Mjyhny ,t;ntiy g[hpf

vd;wpl;ldk; ? kdjpy; ntbwz;z w;f vd;w FUnt@
(jpUtUl;g h 3677)
ehL fye;j hs;f pd;n whh; vy;yhUk; tpag;g vdj;

bjhl';F k; jpUtUl;gh (5470)
@vid eP ghLf vd;ndhL fye;J MLf
vd;bwdf;nf gzpapl;lha; @
Xjp Xjhky; cw vdf; fspj; j

Mjp <wpy; yh mUl;bgU"; n$hjp (128)
jd;id ,iwtd; gzp bfhz;l ngw; iw Kd; thpapy;

mwptpj;j ekJ bja;tj; je;ijahh; me;j csthdJ jf;f
Xh; Mrhhpadhy; kl;Lnk mwptpf;fg;gl ntz;L k; vd;w hYk;
64
mt;thW Xh; Mrhhpad; jdf;F tha;f;ftpy;iy vd;gij

,e;j thpapy; czh;j;J fpd; whh;/
FUehjh; rPld; fhjpny ke;jpur; brhy; iy cr;r hpg;gnj
Xjpdhh; vd;gJ/
rPld; mij kPz ;Lk; TWtJ XJjy; MFk;/
Xjp Xjhky; vd;gJ vdf;F ahUk; fw;gpj;J ehd;
fw;ftpy;iy vd;W bghUs;gLfpwJ/
ek; bgUkhdhh;f;F kdpj totpy; xU FUehjh;
mike; J mth; Xj ek; bgUkhdhh; Xjtpy;iy/
xUtuhy; fw;W f; bfhLf;fg;gl;L ehd; fw;fhky; vy;y h
"hd';f isa[k ; ehd; mila[khW vdf;F mwptspj;jtnu.
jdf;F Xh; Muk;gKk; Kot[k; ,y; yhj mUl; bgU";n $hjp
Mz;ltnu/ ve;j MrhhpaDk; jdf;F Xjtpy; iy/ ve;j
E}iya[k; jhDk; Xjtpy;iy vd; fpwhh; ts;syhh;/
VJk; mwpahJ ,Uspy; ,Ue; j rpwpnaid

vLj;J tpLj;J mwpt[ rpwpnja;e;j plt[k ; g[hpe; J
XJkiw Kjw; fiyfs; Xjhky; czu
czh;tpypUe; J czh;j; jp mUs; cz; i k epiy fhl;oj;
jPJbewp rkabewp bry;Yjiyj; jtph; j;Jj; jpUtUs;
bka;g;bghJ bewpapy; brYj;jpa[k; ehd; kUSk;
nghJ ka';nfy; kfnd vd;W kaf;bfy;yhk; nghf;fp
vdf;Fs; spUe;j g[ dpj guk;bghUns (jpUtUl;gh 3053)
ehjh bghd; dk;gyj;nj mwpthde; j ehlfk; bra;

ghjh JUk;gpDk; gw;w hj vd;idg; gzpbfhz;b ly;y hk;
XjhJzu czh;j;j p cs;ns epd;W cst[ brhd;d
ePjh epid kwe; bjd; epidf;n fd; ,e; j ePzpyj;n j
(jpUtUl;g h 2775)
XjhJzh; e;jpl xsp mspj; bjdf;nf

Mjhuk; Mfpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (mfty; thp 24)
65
go mo thd; Ko gw;wpDk; njhw;wh

mo Ko vDk; Xh; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (130)
Xh; Mrhhpadhy; jdf;F Xjg;g l;Lg; gpd;dh; mt;thrhhpad;

Xjpa tz;zk; jhd; Xjp mwpe; J bfhs;stpy;iy/ ahuhYk;
Xjg; glhkYk; jhDk; ve;j E}iya[k ; XjhkYk; ,iwtid
mile; njd; vd;W Kd; thpapy; Twpdhh;/ mt;t hW mila
Koa[khdhy; mtd; mjhtJ ,iwtd; mt;tst[ vspatd;
vd;W vz; zptplyhkh !!!
kz;. eP h;. beUg;g[. fhw;W. Mfhak; vDk; g";r
g{j';fspy; kz; vd;gJ moahdhy; Mfhak; vd;gJ Ko/
Mfhak; ? Ko
fhw;W
beUg;g[ eL
ePh;
kz; ? mo
ePh;. beUg;g[. fhw;W Mfpait ,t; tpuz;od; eL MFk;/

rfy $PtuhrpfSk; guk; bghUSk; ,itfl;Fs;n sjhd;
tps';Ffpd;wd/ ,iwtidf; fhz kpFe;j Mty; bfhz;l
xUtd; kpf Mw;w y; bgw;wtdha[kpUe;jhd;/ ,iwtid
vg;goahtJ fz;Ltpl ntz;Lk; vd;W xU ifahy; moahfpa
g{kpiag; gw;wpf; bfhz;lhd;/ kW ifahy; Koahfpa
Mfhaj;i jg; gw;w pf; bfhz; lhd;/ ,t;thW kz; iz xU
ifahYk; tpz; iz kW ifahYk; gpoj;Jf; bfhz;L
ghh;j;j hYk; ,iwtd; njhd; w khl;l hd;/ mg;goahdhy; mtd;
,y;iynah vd;W vz;zptplf; Tlhjhk;/ ve;j moiaa[k ;
ve;j Koiaa[k ; gw; wpf; bfhz;L ghh;f; fpd;nwhnkh mnj mo
Koahf tps';Fgtd; mtndahFk;/ kz; zhf tpz; zhf mtd;
,Ue;j hYk; me;j kz;i za[k; tpz; iza[k; fhz;nghuhYk;
66
fhz Koahjtd; ,iwtd;/ mtd; g{kpnaahdhYk; tpz; nz

MdhYk; fhz;nghh;f;Fj; jd; idf; fhl; Ltjpy;iy (Mjhuk;)
ke; jpukha;g; gjkhfp td;dkhfp

tsh; fiyaha;j ; jj;Jtkha;g; g[tdkhfpr;
re;jpudha; ,e;j pudha; ,utpahfpj;
jhdtuha; thdtuha;j; ja'; fh epd;w
je;jpukha; ,it xd;Wk; my; ythfpj;
jhdhfpj; jdjhfpj; jhdhd; fhl;l h
me;jukha; mg;ghyha; mjw; fg;ghyha;
mg;ghYf;F mg;ghyha; mkh;e;j njnt
(jpUtUl;g h 2090)
gtdj;jpd; mz;lg; gug;g pd; v';bf';F k;

mtDf;F mtdhk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (132)
g";r g{j';fspy; moahfpa cyfpid xU ifahy;

gw;wpf; bfhz;L. Koahf tps';Fk; thid kW ifahy;
gw;wpf; bfhz;L njog; ghh; f;fpDk; mtidf; fhz xz;zhJ
vd;W Kd;thpapy; ,iwtidg; gw;wpf; Twg;gl;lJ/
mg;goahdhy; mtd; jd;i kjhd; vd;d>
g[tdk; vd;gJ cyfk;/ gtdk; vd;g J mHF ? ,e;j
cyfkhfpa xU nfhSld; "hapW. jp';fs;. brt;t ha;. g[jd;.
tpahHd;. bts;sp. rdp Mfpa nfhs;fSk; ,d;D k;
bgahplg;glhj mstw;w nfhs;fisa[k; jd;Ds; bfhz;lJ Xh;
mz;lkhFk;/ ,e;jg; gpug";rj; jpny mz;l btspapny ,';F
m';F vd;dhjgo v'; bf';F k; tps';F k; ,iwtDf;F epfh;
ntW vtUkpyh;/ mtDf;F epfh; mtnd vd tps';F k;
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
mz;l btspapny ehk; fhQqk; bghUl;fis ,uz;L
tiffsha;g ; gphpf;f yhk;/ xd;W caph; cs;sit/ kw;bwhd;W
caphpy; yhj $lg; bghUl; fs;/ capUs; stw;iw Mz;. bgz;
vd ,uz;lhfg; gphpf;fyhk;/ vy; yhg; bghUs;f spnya[k; vy;y h
$Pth;fspnya[ k; eP f;fkw ,iwtd; fye;jpUg;gjhy;. ,iwtd;
67
MnzhL Mzhf. bgz;nzhL bgz; zhf. mJthfpa $lg;

bghUspy; mJthf mtd; tps';Ftjhfg; g[h pe;J bfhs;s
KofpwJ/ ,Jtiu njhd;w pa mUshsh;fs; ,iwtid
mtd;. mts;. mJ vd;W th;zpj;jpUf;fpd;w hh;f s;/ vy;yhkhf
,iwtd; tps';F fpd; whd; vd;gjw;F Mjhuk;/ ;
cyf epiy KGjhfp M'; fh';F s;s

capuhfp caph;f;Fapuhk; xsp jhdhfpf;
fyf epiy mwpahj fhl;rpahfpf;
fjpahfp bka; ";"hdf; fz;z jhfp
,yF rpjhfhrkjha;g ; gukhfhr
,ay;ghfp ,iz xd;Wk; ,y; yhjhfp
myfpy; mwpthde;jkhfpr; rr;rp
jhde;j kakhfp mkh; e;j njnt
(jpUtUl;g h 2071)
cyf epiy KGjhfp vd;w xU brhw;bwhlnu mtd;

vy;yhkhfp tps';Ffpd;w hd; vd;W TWtjhy; ,iwtid
M';fh';Fs;s capuhfp vd;Wk; caph;f;Fapuha; tps';F k;
mtid. Mz;. bgz; mjhtJ mtd;. mts; vd;Wk; $lkha[k;
tps';Ftjhy; mJ vd;Wk; TWtJ bghUe;Jk;/
capUs; stw;wpy; kdpj ,de;jtpu kw;w ,dj; jpid m`wpiz
vd;W Twp mtw;i wa[k; mJ vd;W Tw ,yf; fzk; tHp
tFg;gjhy; ,iwtd; cah; jpizahfpa Mz; Mft[k ;. bgz;
Mft[k; ,Ug;gJld; ML. khL. <. vWk;g[ nghd;w
m`wpizahft[ k; ,Ue;J bray;gLfpd;whd;/ ,e;j thpapy;
mtid me;j ,iwtid @mtd;@ vd tpspj; J
miHf; fg;gLfpwJ/
jptSw;w mz;
m z;lj; jpuspd; v';bf';F k;
mtSf;F mtshk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (134)
Kd; thpapy; mtd; vdf; Twg;g l;l ,iwtd; ,e; j

thpapy; mts; vdf; Twg;gLfpwhd;/
68
,iwtid mts; vd;W miHg;gjpny MH;e;j bghUs;

VnjDk; ,Uf;f yhk;/ mtdhfpa Mz; mwpt[ kakhdhy;
mtshfpa jha; fUiz kak;/ mjdhy; ,iwtid
mUl; bgU";n $hjp vd;w jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;syhh; mtdJ
mUis jdpg;bgU'; fUiz vd;W nghw;Wfpd;w hh;/ ,e;j
kz;QqyfhdJ ek;ikj; jh';FtJld; czitj; jUtJld;.
jd;idj; jhnd Rw;w pf; bfhs;tjd; K: yk; ,ut[. gfy; Vw;gl
itj;J. bghd;ida[ k; bghUisa[ k; ms;spj; je; J mstw;w
ed;ikfshy; ek;ik thH itf;f pd;w J/ bghHpfpd;w thdk;
bgha;j;j hy; ekf;F thH;ntJ> fhw;W ,t;t[yiftpl;L
KGtJkhf tpyfptpLkhdhy; ehk; caph; thH Koahnj/
vt;tsnth bray;ghLfshy; ,aw;ifahdJ ek;i k md;i d
nghyf; fhj; J thHitg;gjhy; ,iwtid md; idahf
mtshf miHj;Jg; nghw;Wfpd;n whk;/
cUz;L. jpuz;L cUthfpa[s ;s nfhs; fs; ,e; j mz; l

btspapy; vt;tst[ ,Uf;fpd;wdnth mitfs; midj;jpYk;.
v';bf';Fk; mtSf;F mjhtJ caphpdj;jpd; bgz;
jd;ikf;F epfh; mtns vd tps';F fpd;w mUl; bgU";n $hjp//
kjDw;w mz;l tiug;gpd; v';bf';F k;

mjDf;F mJthk; mUl;bgU";
g U";n$hjp (136)
mtSf;F mtshf ,Uf;Fk; ,iwtd; mJthft[k;

tps';Ftij ,e; j thp Rl; of; fhl;L fpd;wJ/
epiybgw;W mHfhf tps';F k; ,e;j mz; l btspapd;
vy;iy kl;Lk; ghpg{uzkhf epiwe; J tps';Fk; kf;fs;
kl;Lky; yhJ kw;w caphpd';fspYk; $lg; bghUs; fspYk;
fye;J epiwe;J mJ vd;gjw;F epfh; mJthfnt cs;sthW
vy;yhg; bghUs; fspYk; fye;J mtdpy; mtdhf.
mtspy; mtshf. mjdpy; mJthf epiwe;J tps';FtJ
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
69
mtDk; mtSk; cUtkhdhy; mJ vd;gJ mUtKk;

MfpwJ/ vdnt ,iwtd; cUtkhft[k;. mUtkhft[k ;
vg;goa[k; ,Uf;fyhk;/ jdf;bfd totk; VJk; vLj; Jf;
bfhs;s hJ. capUs; s. capuw;w vy; yhg; bghUs;fspnya[k; jhd;
fye;J epiwe;J tps';Ffpd;w ,iwtid ,e; j thpapy;
mJbtdr; Rl;og; nghw;w itf; fpd; wJ/
vg;ghYkha; btspbay;yhk; fle;J nky;
mg;ghYk; Mfpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (138)
Kd; thpfspy; ,iwtid mtd;. mts;. mJ vd;W

mz;lg; gug;gpd; vy; iyf;F s; tps'; Fk; nfhs;fs; kw;Wk;
mitfspYs;s capUs;s capuw;w mj; Jizg; bghUl; fspYk;
vy;yhtw;wpYk; tps';Fjy; nghw;wg;gl;lJ/
,e;j thpapy; mz;lg;gug;g [ midj; j pida[k; fle;J
mjw;F mg;ghy;. mjw;F mg;ghy; vd; W Twg;gLk; vy;yhk;
fle;J. vg;g hYkha;. btspfs; vj;jid cz; nlh.
mtw;iwbay;y hk; fle;J mt;btspfl;F k; mg;ghyha; tps';Fk;
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
,iwtd; capUs;s $Ptd; fspy; Mzha;. bgz;zha;.

capuw;w $lg; bghUl;fspy; mJtha;. mz;l j;jpny
mike; Js;s nfhs; fspYk;. mz;l j;jpw;F mg;ghYk; vy;yh
tw;wpYk; fye;J epiwe;J tps';Ftjw; F Mjhuk; :
mz;ltif vt;t snth mt;tst[k; mtw;wpy;

mike; j caph; vt;tsnth mt;t st[k; mitfs;
fz;l bghUs; vt;tsnth mt;tst[k ; mtw;wpy;
fye;j fyg;g[ vt;tsnth mt;tst[k ; epiwe;nj
tpz;lFnkhh; ehjbtsp Rj;jbtsp nkhdbtsp
"hdbtsp Kjyhk; btspfbsy; yhk; epuk;gpf;
bfhz;l Jtha; tps';F fpd; w Rj;j rptkank
Fyt[ elj;junr vd; Fw; wKk; bfhz;l Uns/
(jpUtUl;g h 4169)
70
ty;yjha; vy;yhkhfp vy;yhKk;

my;yjha; tps';F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (140)
Kd;thpapy; ,iwtd; btspfl;F vy;yhk; mg;ghYk;.

mjw;fg;ghYk; ,Uf;Fkplk; Twg;gl;lJ/ ,e;j thpapy; me;j
,iwtdJ Mw;w y; Twg;gLfpd;wJ/
,iwtdhy; Mfhj fhhpak; vJt[k; ,y;iy/ mtd;
vy;yhk; ty; ytd;/
,iwtd; ,e;jg; gpug";rj; jpy; cs;s capUs; s. capuw; w

midj; Jg; bghUs;fspYk; eP f;fkwf; fye;J mtnd
vy;yhkhfp tps';FtJ Kd;dhy; tpsf;fg;gl;l J/ mt;thW
ePf;fkw v';Fk; vjpYk; epiwe;jpUe;j hYk; mtidf; fhz
Koatpy;i y/ vdnt ,iwtd; vjpYk; ,y; yhjJ nghYk;
vz;z Kofpd;wJ/
rh;t ty; ygk; bghUe; jpatdhft[k;. vy;yhg;

bghUl;f spYk; fye;J epiwe; J tps';Fgtdha[k;.
njhw;w kpy; yhky; ,Ug;gjhy; vy;yhg; bghUl;fspYk; mtd;
,y;yhjtdha[k ; tps';Fk; mUl;bgU";n $hjp/
vg;bghUs; bka;g ; bghUs; vd;gh; bka;fz;nlhh;

mg;bghUs; Mfpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (142)
Kd; thpfspy; ,iwtd; vy;y hk; ty;ytd; vd;Wk;.

v';Fk; epiwe;jtdhdhYk; vjpYk; ,y;y hjtd; nghy;
tps';Fgtd; vd;W k; Twg;gl;lJ/ cz;ikiaf; fz;lth;f;F
mtDk; bka;g;bghUns vdf; Twg;gLfpd;wJ/
,e;j cyfpYs;s vy;yhr; rka';f Sk; ,iwtidg;
gw;wp vd;d TWfpd;w d vd;W Ma;t[ bra;jhy; ,iwtdpd;
tpsf;fk; cUtk;. mUtk;. cUtUtk; vd; w K: d;wpDf;Fs;
ml';f ptpLk;/ Mdhy; ,iwtndh cUtk;. mUtk;.
cUtUtk; ,it xd;Wky; yhjtd; vdj; jpUtUl;gh
TWfpd;wJ/
71
cUtha; mUtha; cUtUtha; mit

xd;W ky; yPh; ,';F thhP h; (jpUtUl;gh 4396)
me;jptz;zd; vd;Wk;. !;gof tz; z d; vd;Wk;. <L

,iz Tw Koahj xsptotpdd; vd; Wk;. mUtk; jhd; mtd;
totk; vd;W k; ,t;thbwy; yhk; ,iwtidg; gw;wpf; TWtnjh
btWk; tha;g; ge;jny jtpu cz;ikay; y vd;f pwhh; ts; syhh;/
Va;g; ge;jp tz;z bud;Wk; gof tz;zbud;Wk;

,izapy; xsp cUth; vd;Wk; ,ay; mUth; vd;Wk;
tha;g; ge;j y; ,Ltjd;w p cz;ik brhy ty;yhh;
kz;zplj;Jk; tpz;zplj;Jk; kw;wplj;Jk; ,iyna
fha;g; ge; j kubkd;W fz;L brhy;tjd; wpf;
fha;j;j tz;z k; g{j; j tz; zk; fz;L bfhs khl; lhj;
jha;g; ge; j czh;t[i lnad; ahndh rpw; rigapy;
jdp Kjy;th; jpUtz;zk; rhw;wty;nyd; njhHp/
(jpUtUl;g h 5634)
gjpdhW gofSf; fg;ghy; xspahfg; gpufhrpj;J tps';Fk;

guk;bghUns vd;dhy; MtJ xd;Wk; cdf; fpy; iy vdpDk;
cd;dhy; thGfpd;nwd; vdf;F cz; i k ciuj;j Uns vd;W
ntz;Lthh;/
ed; dhY'; fle;nj xsph; "hd rghgjpna

bghd;dhU"; rigaha; mUl; g{uz g[z; zpand
vd;dhyhtbjhd;W k; cdf; fpy; iybadpDbke;j ha;
cd;dhy; thGfpd; nwd; vdf;Fz;i k ciuj;j Uns
(jpUtUl;g h 4262)
rhjid gapd;W bka;awpthy; jd;Dns tps';Ffpd;w

cz;ikia czh;e; J gpd;dh; ve;jg; bghUis ,Jjhd;
bka;g; bghUs; vd;W TWfpd;w hh;f nsh me; jg; bghUshf
tps';Ffpd;w mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
72
jh';ffpyhz;l ruhru epiy epd;W

M';F w tps';F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (144)
Kd; thpapy; gpz;l j;jpy; tps';F fpd; w bka;g; bghUs;
gw;wpf; Twg;gl;lJ/ ,e;j thpapy; me;j bka;g; bghUs;
mz;lj;jpy; vt;t hW tps';Ffpd;wJ vd tpthpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ/
vy;yh mz; l';f isa[k ; mtw;wpYs;s nfhs; fisa[ k;.
me;jf; nfhs;fspYs;s mira[ k; bghUl;fshfpa gpz; l';f s;
bghUe;j pa $Pt h;fisa[k;. mirahg; bghUl; fshfpa $lg;
bghUl;f isa[k ; jh';Ffpd;wJ vJbtdpy; bgU btspna/
,it midj;J k; me;jg; bgUbtspapny mike;J mitfs;
jd;idj; jhnd Rw;w pa[k; kw; w nfhs;fisa[ k; jdf; bfd
mikj; Jf; bfhz;L s;s ghij khwhJ mnj ghijapy;
Rw;wpa[ k;. epiy khwhJ cs;s ij mwpnthk;/ me;jg;
bgUbtspapYk;. mz;l ';fspYKs;s midj;Jg; bghUl;fspYk;
epiyahf cs; epd;W rpwg;g[w tps';Ffpd;w mUl;bgU";n$hjp
Mz;ltnu/ (Mjhuk;)
X';F k; gpz;lhz;l'; fs; jh';F k; bgUbtsp

X';F enlrnu thhP h;
gh';F bra;tPhp';F thhPh; (jpUtUl;gh 4446)
gpz;l'; fisa[ k; mz;l'; fisa[ k; jh';FtJ bgUbtsp/

me;jg; bgU btspiana ,iwtdhff; fhQqjw;Fhpa Mjhuk;
bka;a[ zh;e ;j thjt{h; kiyiar; Rj;j

btspahf; fpf; fye;Jbfhz;l btspna
(jpUtUl;g h 2122)
rj;jh;fs; vy;yhk; jiHj;jpl mfk; g[wj;J

mj;jpir tps';F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (146)
fhhpa'; fisf; fhhpag;gLj; JtJ rj;j pfs;/ vy;yhf;

fhhpa'; fl;Fk; VjhtJ fhuzk; ,Ue;nj Mf ntz;Lk;/
fhuzk; ,y;y hky; fhhpak; ,y; iy/ fhhpaj; ijr; rf;j pfs;
vd;W k; mf; fhhpa';fl;F f; fhuzkha[s;sijr; rj;jh; fs;
73
vd;W k; tpsf;Ffpd;w hh;f s;/ rj; jpfis ,af;Ftpf;fpd;wth; fs;

rj;jh; fshth;/
bray;ghLfis Mw;Wtpf;Fk; rj; jpfsj; jidf;Fk;

mth;fis elhj;Jtpf;Fk; rj;jh;fs; cz;L/ mg;go cs; s
vy;yhr; rj; jh;fSk; Fiwtpd;wp brHpj; jpl vy;yhr;
rPth;fl;Fk; mfj;n ja[k; g[w j;nja[k; mjhtJ cs; nsa[k ;
btspnaa[k ; vy;y hj; jpirfspYk; tps';Fk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp
Mz;ltnu/
rj;jpfs; vy;
vy;yhk; jiHf;f v';bf';F k;
mj;jif tps';F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (148)
rj;jpfs; vd;gJ bray;ghLfns/ ,aw;i fapd;

bray;ghLfs; vJt[k ; vf;fhyj;J k; jilgl;l nj ,y;i y/
g{kp jd;i dj;j hnd Rw;WtJk;. jpdKk; N:hpad; njhd;WtJk;.
kiwtJk; ,jdhy; gfy; ,ut[ Vw;gLjYk;. gUtfhyk;
jtwhJ kiH bghHptJk;. ,d;Dk; ,J nghd;w gy
bray;fs; ,aw;ifapd; bray;f shFk;/
,e;jr; bray;ghLfs; midj;Jk; jilglhJ X';f p
tsh;e;J brHpj;J eilbgw v';bf';F k; mjhtJ
bray;ghLfs; eilbgWk; midj;J ,l';fspYk; epiwe;J
mt;tr; bray;g hLfshfnt tps';Fk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
Fwpg;g[ : Muzk; vd;gJ ntjk;/ ,J fhuzk; MFk;/

Mfkk; vd;gJ gR E}y;/ ,J fhhpakhFk;/
gjp E}yhfpa ntjk; fhuzkhapw;W

gR E}yhfpa Mfkk; fhhpakhapw;W/
rpUl; o epahaj;jpy; rhkhd;a $Ptd; fhuzg;gl tpnrc& $Pt d;

fhhpag;gLk; vd;W ek; bgUkhdhh; mUspa[s ;sijf; Th;e;J
nehf;Ff/
74
Ke;J Wk; Ie;bjhHpy; K:h ;j;jpfs; gyh;f;F k;

Ie;bjhHpy; mspf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (150)
Kd;ndhh; tFj;j Ie;bjhHpy;fs;
1/ gilj;j y; 2/ fhj;jy; 3/ mHpj;jy;
4/ kiwj; jy; 5/ mUsy;
ts;syhh; tFj; j Ie;bjhHpy; fs;
1/ gilj;j y; 2/ fhj;jy; 3/ Fw;w k; ePf ;Ftpj; jy;
4/ gf;Ftk; tUtpj; jy; 5/ tpsf;fk; bra;tpj; jy;
Kd;ndhh; tFj;j Ie;bjhHpy; fh;j;j h;f s;
1/ gilj;j y; ? gpUk;kh
2/ fhj;j y; ? tpc;&Qq
3/ mHpj;jy; ? Uj;ud;
4/ kiwj; jy; ? knf!;tud;
5/ mUsy; ? rjhrptd;
vj;bjhHpYf;Fk; Kjd;ikahf tps';F tJ nkw;Fwpj;j
Ie;bjhHpy; fnsahFk;/ ,j; bjhHpy; fis epfH;j ;Jfpd;w
fh;j;j h;fs; mndfuhf ,Ue;J M';fh'; nf bray;gl;Lf;
bfhz;o Uf;f pd;w dh;/ ,t;thW tps';Ffpd; w Ie;bjhHpy;
K:h;j; jpfs; gyh;f;F k; mtuth;f;Fhpa bjhHpy;fis mspj; J
tps';Fk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ Ie;b jhHpy; fh;j ;jh; fs; gyh;
vd;gjw;F Mjhuk;/
cWgpukh; gy nfho ape;jpuh; gy; nfho
ngrpyee;j'; nfho ah'; fh';n f Toj;
jpUj; jKW jpUr;r igapd; gog;g[wj; nj epd;W
tUj;jbkhd;W '; fhzhnj ehbdhUj; jpnawp
khel'; fhz;fpd;nwbdd; khjte;jhd; bghpnj
(jpUtUl;g h 5776)
75
bghpjpDk; bghpjha;r; rpwpjpDk; rpwpjha;

mhpjpDk; mhpjhk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (152)
ve;jg; bghpa bghUSk; cd;D s; mlf;f k;/ vdnt

vjdpDk; bghpa bghUs; ePna/ cd; idtplg; bghpa bghUs;
vJt[k; ,y;i y/ vJ bghpanjh mijtplg; bghpaJ eP na/
ve;jg; bghUs; kpf kpfr; rpwpa bghUnsh me;jg;
bghUSf;Fs;S k; ePna ,Uf; fpd; wha;/ eP ,y;y hj bghUs;
vJt[k; ,y;iy/ ve;jr; rpwpa bghUSf;Fs;nsa[k; ,Uf;Fk;
eP rpwpa bghUSf;bfy;yhk; rpwpa bghUs; Mfpwha;/ vdnt
cd;id tplr; rpwpa bghUs; vJt[k; ,y;iy/
fpilj; jw;F mhpa bghUnsh cd;idj; jtpu
ntwpy;i y/ kw;w vy;y hnk fpilj;jw;F chpaitna/
cd;id miltJjhd; mhpJ mhpJ/ vdnt mhpa bghUs;
vJbtd;W fz;lhYk; mijtpl mhpa bghUs; ePna/
,t;thW bghpa ve;jg; bghUisa[k; tplg; bghpajha[k; rpwpa
bghUs; vJnth mijtplr; rpwpa bghUsha[k; mhpa
bghUistpl mhpa bghUsha[k; tps';Ffpd;w
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
bghpajpDk; bghpaJ vd;gjw;F Mjhuk; :-
ehd; Kfh; fs; kpfg; bghpa uh';fthpw; bghpah;

ehuzh; fs; kw;wth;fs; ehod; kpfg; bghpah;
thd;Kfj;j t[ Uj;j puh; fs; kw;wthpw; bghpah;
knar;Ruh;fs; rjhrpth;fs; kw; wthpw; bghpah;
kPd; Kfj;j tpe; J mjdpy; bghpJ mjdpy; ehjk;
kpfg; bghpJ giuajdpd; kpfg; bghpastspd;
Md;Kfj;jpw; guk;gue;j hd; bghpj jdpw; bghpjha;
MLfpd;w nrto ahuwpthh; fhz; njhHp/
(jpUtUl;g h 5645)
76
rpwpajpDk; rpwpaJ vd;g jw;F Mjhuk; :-
rp Ul;o xd;W rpw; wQqtpw; rpwpjjdpw; rpwpJ

rpidj; j fuzf; fUtr; rpidf; fUtpw; rpwpJ
btUl;oakhd; mk; khdpw; rpwpJ kjp kjpapd;
kpfr; rpwpJ fhl;Lfpd;w tpad;R lbuhd;w jdpy;
bjUl;L fpd;w rf; jp kpfr; rpwpjjdpw; nfhoj;
jpwj;j pdpnyhh; rpwpjhFk; jpUr;r pw;w k;gyj;nj
mUl; owl; odof; fpd; w vd;Dila jiyth;
mUl; bgUik vtUiug;ghh; mwpahbad; njhHp
(jpUtUl;g h 5644)
mhpajpDk; mhpaJ vd;g jw;F Mjhuk;/
mhpjhfp mhpajpDk; mhpajhfp

mehjpaha; Mjpaha; mUsjhfpg;
bghpjhfpg; bghpajpDk; bghpajhfpg;
ngjkha; mngjkha;g; gpw';f h epd;w
fhpjhfp btspjhfpf; fiyfshfpf;
fiy fle;j bghUshfpf; fuzhjPj j;
bjhpjhd btspeLtpy; mUshk; tz; ikr;
brG';f puzr; Rluhfpj; jpfGk; njnt
(jpUtUl;g h 2083)
fhl;rpa[k; fhzhf; fhl;rpa[k; mJ jUk;

Ml;rpa[
pa [k; Mfpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (154)
vy;yhkhf ,iwtd; tps';Ftjhy; g[wj;jpny

fhQqfpd;w mj;j id fhl;rpfspnya[k ; mtidna
fhz;fpd;nwhk; vd;gnj cz;ik/ gf;jp fhz;ofs;
,iwtid rpiy tot';fspy; fz;L tHpghL bra;th;
vd;W k; "hdpfs; mtid v';F k; cghrpg;ghh;f s; vd;Wk; ek;
bgUkhdhh; TWth;/ rhpia fphpia Mfpa bewpapy;
epw;nghw;Fg; g[w f; fhl;r pahf ,iwtd; tps';Ffpd;whd;/
77
nahfk;. "hdk; Mfpa mf tHpghl;L bewpapy; epw;nghh;

,iwtidj; jdf;Fs; ns fhz Kaw; rp bra;t h;/ g[w j;jpny
kw;wth; fs; fhz Koahj gy fhl;r pfis mfj;jpny mth;fs;
fhQqth;/ ,jidna fhzhf; fhl;rp vd;W bghpnahh; Twpdh;/
me;jf; fhzhf; fhl;rp vt;thwpUf;Fk; vd;d py; guehj epiy
mDgtj;jpny mz; l gfpuz; lk; njhw;wwpahg; bgU";n $hjp
xd;W k; mjd; eLnt bghd;bdhspa[k ; njhd;Wkhk;/ Koe;j
Koghf mg;bghd;bdhspapd; eLnt ,iwtd; brt;bthspahff;
fhl;rp mspg;ghdhk;/ ,Jnt fhzhf; fhl;rp/
,e;jf; fhl;rpiaf; fz;lbgUk; g[z;zpathd;f s;
,iwtidf; fz;L fye;J epw;gth;f s; Mjyhy; ,iwtd;
vt;thW Ml;rp bra;f pd;whndh me; j Ml;rpia ,th;f s;
bgWtjhy; mJ jUk; Ml;r p vd;W Twpdhh;/
g[wj;jpny fz;zhy; fhz;fpd; w ,aw;i ff;
fhl;rpfshft[k;. fz;z hy; fhz KoahJ mfj; jpny
njhd;W fpd;w "hd mDgtf; fhl;rpaha[k;. mg;gog;gl;l jtf;
fhl;rpapdhy; bgwf; Toa ty;ygkhfpa[k; tps';Ffpd;w
mUl; bgU";n $hjp
"hdf; fhl;rp vd;gjw;F Mjhuk; :
thd ehlUk; ehlUk; kd;wpny ta';Fk;

"hd ehlff; fhl;rpna ehk; bgwy; ntz;Lk;
Cd ehlff; fhl; rpahy; fhyj;i j xHpf;Fk;
<d ehlfg; bghpahh; fhs; tk;k pndh <z; n l
(jpUtUl;g h 5550)
,d;g [W rpj;jpfs; vy;yhk; g[hpf vd;W

md;g [ld; vdf;fUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (156)
Kd; thpapy; fhzhf; fhl;rpiaa[k; mjd; tpisthfj;

jhd; bgw;w mUshl;rpiaa[k; tpae;J nghw;w pdhh;/
mUshl;rpapd; gaid ,e;j thpapy; TWfpd;whh;/
78
fUk rpj;j papy; moapw; Fwpj;j ml;lkh rpj;jpfs;

ml';Fk;/
1/ mzpkh ? JUk;ig nkUthf;Ffpd;wJ
2/ kfpkh ? nkUitj; JUk;ghf;F fpd; wJ
3/ fhpkh ? nkUit xd;Wkpy;yhky; bra;fpwJ
4/ yfpkh ? xd;W kpy; yhj ,lj; jpy; mndf'; fshfr;
bra;fpwJ
5/ gpuhj; jp ? ntz;Ltij miljy;
6/ <rj;Jtk; ? Fspif ty;ygj; jhy; v';Fk; bry;YtJ
7/ gpuhfhkpak; ? gufhag; gpuntrk;
8/ trpj;Jtk; ? vGtifg; gpwtpahfpa njt. khDc;&a. euf.
kpUf. gl;rp. Ch;t d. tpUl;r k;
Kjypatw; iwj; jd; trg;gLj; JtJ/
nahfrpj;jp ? 64 rpj; jpfisa[k; jd; Rje;juj; jpy;
elj;JtJ
"hdrpj;jp ? 64000 rj;jpfisa[ k; jdJ Rje;j uj;jpy;
elj;JfpwJ/ 647 nfhoahfpa kfh rpj;jp
fisa[k; jd; dpc&;l k; nghy; elj;J fpwJ/
(Mjhuk; 130 ? K:tifr; rpj; jp ciueil gf; 334)
rpj;jpfs; vt;tsthf ,Ue;jhYk; gpw $Pth;fl;F ,d;gk;
mspf; fpd; w rpj;jpfs; midj; jpida[ k; eP g[h payhk; vd;W
md;g[l d; vd;id MrP h;tjpj;J mUs;g [hpe;j mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
,wth tukspj;J vd;id nknyw;wpa

mwthHpahk; jdp mUl;bgU";n$hjp (158)
,d;g[W rpj;jpfs; g[ hpa ,iwtd; Mizapl;l J Kd;

thpapy; Twg;gl; lJ. mjw;F mtd; mspj;j ghpR vd;d>
vd;iwf;Fk; mHpnt ,y;y hj kuzkpyhg; bgU thH;it
mspj; jnjhld;w p ,Jtiu ahUk; fz;lwpahj "hd
mDgtj;jpy; vd;id nknyw;wpa fUizf; flyhk; xg;gw;w
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
79
ts;syhh; ,wth tuk; bgw; wjw;F Mjhuk; :-
fhw; whny g[tpahny ffdkjdhny

fdyhny g[dyhny fjpuhjpahny
Tw;whny gpzpahny bfhiyf; fUtpahny
nfhshny gpwtpaw;Wk; bfhL"; bray;f shny
ntw;whny v";"hd;Wk; mHpahnj tps'; Fk;
bka;aspf;f ntz;Lbkd;nwd; tpiue; jspj;jhbddf;n f
Vw;whny ,Hpbtd ePh; epidahjP h; cyfPh;
ve;ij mUl;bgU";n$hjp ,iwtidr; rhh;tP nu
(jpUtUl;g h 5450)
kw;wth; fs; bgwhj mDgtj; ij ts;s yhh; bgw; whh; vd;gjw;F

Mjhuk; :

cWgpukh; gy nfho ape;jpuh; gy; nfho
ngrpyde;j'; nfho M';f h';n f Toj;
jpUj; jKW jpUr;r igapd; gog;g[wj; nj epd;W
tUj;j bkhd;W '; fhzhnj ehbdhUj; jp Vwp
khel'; fhz; fpd; nwd; vd; khj te;j hd; bghpnj/
(jpUtUl;g h 5776)
ehde;jkpy;yh eyk; bgw vdf;nf

Mde;jk; ey;fpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (160)
Kd; thpapy; ,wth tuk; bgw; w epiy Twg;gl; lJ/

,e;j thpapy; Kotpy;yh ed; ik bgw;w J Twg;gLfpd;wJ/
,Jtiu te;j Md;kPf thjpfs; midtUk;
xUkpj;Jj; bjhptpj;j fUj; J xd;W cz;L/ mJ
vd;dbtdpy; ahuhapUe; jhYk; vd;whtJ xU ehs; ,we;nj jPu
80
ntz;Lk; vd;gJjhd;/ njhd;w paJ kiwa[k; vd;Wk;. Muk;g k;

vd;W xd;W ,Ue; jhy; Kot[ vd;W xd; W cz;L vd;Wk; Twp
itj;jhh;fs;/ Mdhy; ek; bgUkhdhh; xUth; kl;Lnk
gpwe;jhy; ,we;nj jPu ntz;L k; vd;w mtrpak; ,y; iy vd;W
nghjpj; jhh;/ mnjnghy Kot[ vd;gnj ,y;y hj ed;ikia
ehd; miltjw;F vdf;nf Mde;jj;ij mspj; j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
Kotpy;y hj epiy bgw;whh; vd;gjw;F Mjhuk; ::
ghLfpd;n wd; ve;i j gpuhd; gjg; g[fiH md;gpbdhLk;
ghog;gho
ePLfpd; nwd; ,d;g f; Tj;jhLfpd;n wd; vz;zk; vyhk;
epuk;gpndnd (jpUtUl;gh 5445)
vz;z pa vz;zpah';F ,aw;W f vd;bwid
mz;z p cs; X';F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (162)
Kont ,y;yhj eyj;ijj; jhd; bgw; w ij Kd; thpapy;
mwptpj;jhh;/ ,e;j thpapy; vz;z paijr; rhjpf;Fk; jpwd;
bgw;wij vLj; Jf; fhl;Lfpd;w hh;/
epidj; jijf; Tw ntz;Lk;/ Twpaijr; bra;a

ntz;Lk;/ mjhtJ epidj; jnj bray;gl ntz;L k;/
,ijj;j hd; jphpfuz Rj;jp vd;ghh; fs;/ kdk;. thf;F. fhak;
Mfpa K: d;W k; xd;Wf; bfhd;W khWglhky; bray;gLtJ/
(ehd;) epidj;jij epidj;jthW bray;gLj;Jf vd

MrPh;tjpj;J vidaile; J vd;Ds; ns X'; fp tps';Fk;
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
,iwtd; tUtjw;F k; epidj;jij mt;thnw
81
bray;gLj; Jtjw;F k; Mjhuk; :-
Kd; ghl;Lf; fhiyapny tUFth; vd; fzth;

nkhrkpiy nkhrbkd bkhHpfpd; whh; bkhHpf
gpd; ghl;L f; fhiyapny epidj;jbtyh Koa[k;
gprfpiy ,k; bkhHp rpwpJk; gprfpiy ,t;t[yfpy;
Jd;ghl;L r; rpw;w pdj; jhh; rpWbkhHp nfl; Lse;
Js';nfy; ek; khspifiar; N:H my'; fhpg;gha;
jd; ghl;Lj; jpUg;bghJtpy; elj;jpiwth; Miz
rj;jpak; rj;jpak; khnj rj;jpak; rj;jpank
(jpUtUl;g h 5706)
nkapid bka;g ;bghUs; tps';fpid eP mJ
Mapid vd;wUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (164)
vz;zpaijr; bray;gLj;Jf vd ,iwtd; mUspaij

Kd; thpapy; Twg;gl; lJ/ vt;thW me;epiy bgw Koa[ k ;
vd;gJ ,t;thpapy; Twg;gLfpd; wJ/
xU g[j;jfj;ijg; gof; f ntz;Lkhdhy; fz;f spny
ghh;f;Fk; jpwdhfpa xsp ,Uf;f ntz; Lk;/ g[wj;jpnya[ k; xsp
,Uf;f ntz;Lk;/ g[wj;j pny ,Us; ,Ue;j hy; vt;ts[t[ jhd;
fz;izj; jpwe;J ghh;j ;jhYk; gof; f ,ayhJ/ mt;thnw
g[wj;jpny xsp ,Ue; J fz; zpny ghh;it xsp
,y;iyahdhYk; gof;f ,ayhJ/ mJnghy ve; jf; fhhpak;
epiwntw ntz;LkhdhYk; $Pt Kaw;rpa[k ; ,iw mUSk;
xd;W nru ntz;Lk;/ mt;thW xd; Wglhj nghJ fhhpak;
epiwntWtjpy;iy/
gd;dpuz;lhz;L bjhl'; fp ek;bgUkhdhh; "hd
Kaw;rpapy; <Lgl;lhh;/ btw;w p fz; lhh;/ ,ij tpae;J
Mz;ltd; Twpdhd;/
ePna ed; Kaw;rpia nkw;bfhz;lha;/ bka;g; bghUs; vJ
vd;W ed;F mwpe;J bfhz;lha;/ gpd;dh; me;j
bka;g;bghUshf ePna Mfptpl;lha; vd;w Us; mUl; bgU";n $hjp.
82
cyfhajg; bghUbsy;yhk; mHpa[k; jd;ik cilaJ/

bka;g; bghUs; vJ> rptnk bghUshFk;/ mij ts; syhh;
mwpe; J bfhz;lhh;/ gpd; dh; mth; rptj;ij mile;jhh;/
Kothf mtnu rptk; Mdhh;/
rptnk bghUbsd;W mwpthy; mwpe;n jd; /
vz;z pw; brGe;njd; ,,dpa

dpa bjs; mKbjd
mz;z pj; jpdpf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (166)
jhnd rptj;i j mwpe; J jhnk rptkhdJ Kd; thpapy;

Twg;gl;lJ/ me; j mDgtk; vg;go ,Uf;Fk;>
ey;y brGikahd njidr; Ritj;j hy; me;j ,dpg;g [
vt;thW ,Uf;Fnkh mt;t hW
,dpikahd rpwg;ghd mKjk; vd;d Ritahf
,Uf;Fnkh mt;thW me;j ,iwtid epidj;jhy;
vz;zpdhy; kpf kpfr; Ritahf ,dpf; fpd;wnj/
vz;Qqfpd;nwd; vz;Qqbjhbwd; vz;z bkyhe; jpj;jpf;f
ez;Qqfpd;w bjd; g[fy; ntd; ehdpyj;j P h; ? cz;Qqfpd;w
cs;sKnjh ehd;w hd; c"w;W jtj;j hy; fpilj;j
bjs;sKnjh mk;g ytd; rPh;/
vz;Qqfpd;w njhWk; ey;y brGe;n jidr; Ritg;gJ
nghy. ey;y rpwg;ghd mKij cz; lJ nghyf; Fiwahj
,dpg;igj; jUfpd;w mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
rpe;ijapy; Jd;bghHp rptk; bgWf vdj;bjhHpy;

Ie;ija[k; vdf;fUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (168)
,iwtid vz;Qqk;nghnj vt;t hbwy;yhk; ,d;gk;

njhd;W fpd;wbjd Kd; thpapy; Twg; gl;lJ/ mg;gog;g l;l
kdjpny Jd;g k; njhd;Wkh>
rpe;ijapny. kdjpny. vz; zj;j pny Jd;gk; njhd;whJ
xHpj;JtpL ? m';n f rptkhfpa bghUis kl;Lk; epWj;J vd
83
thf;fspj;J Ie; bjhHpy;j hd; bgw ,iwtid thH;j ;Jfpwhh;

,e;j thpapy;/
,iwtidg; gw;w pa vz;z'; fs; jtpu kw;w it
midj; Jk; Jd;gk; jUgditna/ Jd;gk; tpistpf; fpd; w
mj;Jiz vz;z ';fisa[k; rpe;ijapypUe;J mfw;wptpL
thahf/
mj;j Uzk; rptj; ij milf vdf; Twpg; gilj;jy;.
fhj;jy;. JhpR ePf;Ftpj;jy;. gf;Ftk; tUtpj;jy;. tpsf;f k;
bra;tpj; jy; Mfpa Ie;bjhHpy; fisa[k; vdf;F mUSf
CiH ahuhYk; bty;y KoahJ/ mDgtpj;n j jPu
ntz;Lk; vd;ghh;f s;/ Mdhy; ek; bgUkhdhnuh ,iwtid
mile; j cs;sk; CiH mfw;Wk; vd;f pwhh;/
CiH mfw;w cstwpahg; bgha;a d; ,td;

gPiH kdk; ek;ikg; bgwhj kd';bfhoa
jhiH vd vz;zp vd;i dj; js;s p tpl;lhbyd; bra;ntd;
ViH ehd; xw;wp vGj;jwpa[k; bgUkhnd
(jpUtUl;g h 746)
v';bf';fpUe;J aph; VnjJ ntz;oDk;

m';f';fpUe;jUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (170)
Ie;bjhHpy; g[ hpa[k ; Mw; wy;tiu jdf;F ntz;oaij

,iwtdplk; nfl;lJ Kd; thpapy; Twg;gl;lJ/ jhd; bgw;w
ngW ,t;t[yfk; bgWjy; ntz;Lk; vd; w gue;j kdk; cila
ek; bgUkhdhh; vy; yh caph; fl;Fk; ntz;Ltij ,e;j thp
czh;j; Jfpd;wJ/
ehd; jpUg;gjpf;Fg; nghndd;/ vd; tWik eP ';fptpl;lJ/
ehd; K:d ;W Kiw rghpkiyf;Fg; nghndd; vd;Dila neha;
eP';fptpl;l J/ ehd; jpUes; shW ngha; te;njd;/ vd;idg;
gpoj;jpUe;j rdp tpyfp tpl;lJ/ ehd; jpUkz"; nrhp ngha;
te;njd; vd; kfSf;F j; jpUkzk; Mfptpl;lJ/
84
,g;gobay;y hk; kf; fs; ngRtij ehk; mwpnthk;/ ,itfs;

cz;ikjhdh> flt[s; ,g;gor; rpyr; rpy nT&j;jpu';fspy;
kl;Lk; ,Ue;J bfhz;L m';F te; J gpuhh;j ;jid bra;J
bfhs;Sk; gf;j h;fl;F kl;Lk; jhd; mUs; ghypg;g huh>
,Jtiu te; j mUshsh;fs; m'; fp'; b fdhjgo v';Fk;
epiwe; jtd; ,iwtd; vd; bwy; yhk; Twpdhh; fns mJ
cz;ikay;yth>
vy;yh caph;fspDs;Sk; ,iwtd; ,Uf; fpd; whd;/
vy;yh caph; fSk; mtDs; ,Uf;fpd;wd/
Mjhuk;
capUs; ahk; vk;Ks; caph; ,it czh; e;nj

caph; eyk; gut[f vd;Wiuj;j bka;r; rptnk
(mfty; thp 974)
vy;yh caph; fSk; ,iwtDk; jdpj; jdpahf ,y;i y/
vdnt ,iwtidg; gpuhh; j;jid bra;tjw;fhfj; jdpahf
Xhplk; njog; nghf ntz;oa mtrpak; caph; fl;F ,y;iy/
vdnt ve; bje; j ,lj; jpypUe;J ve;b je;j caph; vd; bdd; d
ntz;og; gpuhh;j ;jid bra;fpd;wdnth ,iwth eP m';n fna
,Ug;gjhy; me;jf; fznk me; j caph;fspd;
ntz;LjYf;fpu';fp mUs;g[ hpthahf mUl;bgU";n$hjp
Mz;ltnu/
Fwpg;g[ : caph;fs; v';fpUe;J nfl;l hYk; vd;d nfl;l hYk;

mg;nghnj m';nfna je;JtpL vd; W vy;yh
caph;fl;fhft[k; ,iwtid ts;syhh;
ntz;Lfpd;whh;/
vt;tz;zk; ntz;L fpDk; mt;t z;zk;

md;nw ,u';fp <e;j USk; gjk; (jpUtog; g[fH;r;r p)
85
rf Kjy; g[wg;g [wk; j';fpa mfg;g [wk;

mfk; g[wk; Kw;W khk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (172)
caph;fs; v';f pUe; J nfl; lhYk; m';nfna ,Ue;J
mUs; g[hpa[ khW ,iwtid ntz;oaJ Kd; thpapy;
Twg;gl;lJ/ ,e; j thpapy; flt[s ; fhhpag;gLk; ,l'; fisj;
bjhptpf;fpd;whh;/
flt[s; fhhpag;gLk; ,l';fs; mz; lj;jpy; ehd;F.
gpz;lj; jpy; ehd;F MFk;/ mitahtd.
mz;lj;jpy; ? gpz;lj; jpy;
mfk; ? mf;fpdp ? Md;kh
mfg;g[wk; ? N:hpad; ? $Ptd;
g[wk; ? re;jpud; ? fuzk;
g[wg;g[wk; ? el;rj; jpu';fs; ? ,e;jphpak;
,e;j cyfpny epiybgw;W tps';F fpd;w mf;f pdp.

N:hpad;. re;jpud;. el;r j;jpu';fs; Mfpa ehd;f py;
mz;lj;jpYk;. Md;k h. $Ptd;. fuzk; (kdk;. g[j;jp. rpj;jk;.
mf';f huk;. cs;sk;) ,e;jphpa';f s; (bka;. tha;. fz;. K:f;F.
brtp) tiu gpz;lj; jpYk; KGtJkhf epiwe; J tps';Ffpd;w
,e;j mfty; thpapd; tpsf;f khfj; jpUtUl;ghtpy; gy
ghf;fs; ,Ue;j hYk;. kfhnjt khiy 11tJ ghl;L Xh;
cjhuzkhff; bfhs;sg;gLfpd;w J/
mz;l ';fs; gythfp mtw;wpd; nkYk;

msthfp msthj mjPj khfpg;
gpz;l'; fs; mde;j tifahfpg; gpz;l k;
gpw';Ffpd;w bghUshfpg; ngje;n jhw;Wk;
gz;l';f s; gythfp ,tw;iwf; fhf;Fk;
gjpahfp Mde; jk; gGj;Jr; rhe;jk;
bfhz;b l';Fk; epHy; gug;gpj; jiHe;J "hdf;
bfhG'; flt[ s; jUthfpf; Fyt[k; njnt
(jpUtUl;g h 2081)
86
rpfuKk; tfuKk; nrh; jdp cfuKk;

mfuKk; Mfpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (174)
v';bf';fpUe;J caph; fs; vij vij ntz;odhYk;

m';f';fpUe;J mUSkhW Kd; thpapy; ,iwtid
n;tz;odhh;/ ,e;j thpapy; nkw;b fhz;L tpsf;f k; tUfpwJ/
rp : v';Fk; epiwe;jJ. mdhjpaha; kykpy;y hjJ

t : vy;yhk; ty; yJ rh;t ty;yika[ilaJ
c : guk;bghUs;
m : $Ptd;
v';Fk; epiwe;jjha[k;. mdhjpaha; kykpy; yhjjha[k;.
vy;yhk; ty;yjha[k;. rh;t ty;yika[i lajha[k;. xg;gw;w guk;
bghUsha[ k;. $Pt dha[k ; Mfp tps';Ffpd;w mUl; bgU";n $hjp
Mz;ltnu/
Fwpg;g[ : rp ? t ? vd;gjd; bghUs; jpUtUl;gh
ciueilapy; ek; bgUkhdhh; mUspaJ/
c ? vd;gJ guk; bghUs;/ m ? vd;gJ $Ptd;
vd;gjw;F Mjhuk;/

kfhuk; kykha; tU Kg;gjj;jpy;
mfhuk; capbud;W miwaYkhnk
(jpUke; jpuk;)
cgur ntjpapd; cgaKk; guKk;
mguK khfpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (176)
cg ? ,uz;L
urntjp ? itj;jpa Kg;g{ ? thjKg;g{
itj;jpa Kg;g{ ? ,e; j Kg;g{ iftug; bgw;why; ,jpy;
xU Jsp kUe;Jld; nrh;f; f me;j
87
kUe;j pd; rf;jpahdJ gy Mapuk;

kl';F bgUFk;/
thjKg;g{ ? ,e;j Kg;g{ iftug; bgw;why; ,jpy;
xU Jsp ve;j cnyhfj; jpd; kPJ
bjspj; jhYk; me; j cnyhfk;
j';fkhf khWk;/
guk; rh!;jpu "hdk; mguk; mDgt "hdk;
rpj;j itj;j pah;f spy; bgUk;ghnyhh; K:ypiffisf;

bfhz;L my;Yk; gfYk; mUk;ghLgl;L ur thjj; jpy;
<Lgl;L miye;J bfhz;o Uf; fpd;whh;fs;/ Mdhy;
"hdpfl;nfh mth;fs; Mw;Wk; jtj;jpd; Mw; wyhy; mth;fs;
ifgl;lhny ve;j neha[k; FzkhFk;/ mth; fs;
bjhl;l bjy; yhk; j'; fkhf khWk;/ ,g;gog;gl;l mw;g [j
rpj;jpfisj; jtj; jhy; "hdpfs; milfp;d ;whh;fs;/ ek;
bgUkhdhUk; xU fojj;jpy; j';fk;. bts;s p ciuf;f pd;w
ciufy; Yk; 8 gyk; epWf;ff; Toa juhRk; mjw;F hpa vil
fy;Yk; mDg;gpitf;F khW nfl; oUg;gnj nghJkhd
rhd;whFk;/
itj;jpa Kg;g{tpd; Fzkhfpa neha; jPh;f;F k; gadha[ k ;
thjKg;g{tpd; Fzkhfpa cnyhfk; vija[k; bghd;dhf;Fk;
Mw;wyha[k;. rh!;j; jpu "hdkhfpa[k ; gpd;dh; njhd;Wk; mDgt
"hdkha[ k; tps';Ffpd;w mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
ke;jzk; ,Jbtd kWtpyh kjpahy;

me;jzh; tGj;J k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (178)
ke;jzk; ? ,ufrpak;
kW ? Fw;wk;
me;jzh; ? ntjpah; ? mwtHp epw;nghh; ? ePjp jtwhJ
elg;nghh;
88
,urntjpiag; gw;w p Kd; thpapy; Twg;gl; lJ/

bra;Kiwia midtUk; mwpe;J bfhz;lhy; midtUk;
rpwe;j kUj;Jth; fsha[ k; bgUe;j dte;juha[ k; tps';f yhnk/
btspg;gilahfg; nghjpg;gJ my;y/ mJ ,ufrpak; vd;f pwhh;
,e;j thpapy;/
rh!;j; jpu "hdk;. mDgt "hdk; vd; Wk; Kd; thpapy;
Twg;gl;lJ/ ntj';fs; rh!;j ;jpu'; fs; Kjypabty;y hk;
,iwtidg; gw;w pa cz;ikia btspg;gilahf tpsf;fpf;
Twhky; me;jf; Tl; lj;j hh; kl;Lnk czh;e ;J bfhs;SkhW
FGcf; Fwpahff; Twpa[ s;sjhy; ,iw cz;ikahdJ
,Jtiu ,ufrpakhfnt kiwf; fg;gl;Ls;s J/ fhkf;
Fnuhj'; fs; Kjypa Fw;w'; fs; ,y; yhJ mwtHp epd;W
thGk; "hdpfs; cz;ikia czh;e; jpUe; Jk; g[ wKfkhfr;
brhy;y hky; nghw;WkhW tps';Ffpd; w mUl;bgU";n $hjp
Mz;ltnu/
Fwpg;g[ : rhj;jpu';f s; ,iw cz;ikiag; g[wKfkhff;

Twhky; cz;ikia kiwj;J r; N:jhfnt
Twpa[s; sd vd;gjw;F Mjhuk;/
rhj; jpu';fbsy;yhk; jLkhw;w k; brhy;t jd;wp

nej;jpu';f s; nghy; fhl;l neuhnt ? nej;jpu';fs;
rpw;wk;gytd; jpUtUl;r Ph; tz;zbkd;n w
cw;wp';fwpe;njDte;J
(jpUtUl;g h 5515)
ntjhfk';f bsd;W tPz; thjkhLfpd; wPh ;

ntjhfkj;jpd; tpistwpaP h; ? Njhfr;
brhd;dtyhy; cz; ik btsp njhd; w ciuj;j ypiy
vd;d gandh ,it
(jpUtUl;g h 5516)
Njhfr; brhd;dijna ,ufrpak; vd;W ,e;j thpapy;

Fwpf;fg;gl;lJ/
89
vk;g [a f; fdpbad vz;Q qthh; ,ja

mk;g [a j;jkh;e;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (180)
ifapy; gHk; ,Uf;F nkahdhy; vg;nghJ

njitg;gLfpd;wnjh mg;nghJ thapy; nghl;Lr; Ritf;fyhk;/
,iwtid ek; cs;s';ifapy; cs;s fdpbad ahh; czh;e ;J
vz;Qqfpd;whh;fnsh mth;f sJ ,jakhfpa jhkiuapy;
mkh;e ;JtpLfpwhd;/ mt;thW mkh;e;J s;s mUl; bgU"; n$hjp
Mz;ltnu/
Fwpg;g[ : j';fSila thH;tpny Jd;g';fs;. ,ila{Wfs;.

ftiyfs; Kjypad Vw;gl;l nghbjy;yhk;
,iwaUshy; eP ';fg; bgw;Wf; bfhz;L ,d;gk;
Ja;j;jth;fs; me;jr; re; jh;g;g'; fis vz;zpbaz;zp
Mde;jkiltJld;. ntz;L e;njhbwy;y hk; ,iwtd;
jtwhJ mUs; ghypj; Jf; bfhz; oUf; fpd;whd; vd;W
fz;L bfhz;L. mtd; ntbw'; Fk; ,y;iy.
cs;s'; iff; fdp nghd;W jk;k plnk ,Uf;f pd;w hd;
vd;w czh;nthL vijg; gw;wpa[ k; mr;r nkh
ftiynah ,y;yhJ thH;th;/ md; dhh; mDgtk;
,e;j thpapy; Fwpf;fg;gl;L s;sJ/
broaWj;nj jpl njfKk; nghfKk;

moaUf;nf jUk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (182)
moahh; fl;F Kjypy; njhd;Wfpd;w Jd;g';fs; mWe; J

nghFk;/ mj; Jld; nehaw; w. typik kpf;f njfk; bgWth;/
mj;Jld; ,d;g'; fs; mile;J Mde;j khd thH;t[k; bgWth;/
Jd;g';f is mWj; J. typt[s; s njfj;ija[k ;
Mde;j';fisa[k; moahh;fl;F j; jUfpd;w mUl;bgU";n$hjp
Mz;ltnu/
90
Fwpg;g[ : ,e;j thpfSld; mLj;j ,uz;L thpfisa[ k ;

Th;e;J nehf; fpdhy; moahh;. md;gh; vd;w ,uz;L
ghFghLfis ek; bgUkhdhh; czh; j;Jfpd;whh;
vd;gJ g[h pa[k;/
,iwtid v$khddhff; bfhz;L jd;id
moikahfg; ghtpj;J tz';F nthiu moah; vdf;T wyhk;/
(Mjhuk;)
moadhf;fpg; gps;i sahf; fp neadhf;fpna

mofshf;fpf; bfhz; lha; vd;i d mtyk; ePf ;fpna
(jpUtUl;g h 5035)
moad; ? jhrkhh;f;f k;
gps;is ? rj;g[j; jpukhh;f ;fk;
neak; ? rfkhh; f;fk;
mofs; ? rd;khh;f;f k;
jhr khh; f;fKk; rw;g[j ;jpu khh;f ;f Kk; g[wtHpghL/
g[wtHpghl; oy; <LgLgtnu moahh;fs; vd tps';F fpd; wJ/
moahh; ntW mofshh; ntW vd;gijf; Th;e ;J
nehf;f pd; khWghL tps';Fk;/
moahh; f;Ff; fpilg;gJ jpl njfKk; nghfKk; kl;Lnk/
Jd;g Wj;
W j;bjhU rpt Jhpa Rfe;jid
md;g Uf;nf jUk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp
Kd;thpapy; moahh;fs; bgWk; ngW Fwp;f ;fg;gl; lJ/

,t;thpapy; md;gh; fs; bgWk;ngW Twg;gl;Ls;sJ/
md;gh; vd;w brhy; Yf;F ts; syhh; jUk; jdpg;gl;l
rpwg;ghd tpsf; fj;i jf; ftdpf;f ntz;Lk;/
@md;gh; vd;gJ bghUs; g[fHhjpiaf; Fwpj;Jg;
gapy;nthiu ePf ;fpr; rpthde;j k; ve; ehs; milJk; vd;W
,iltplhJ mjidna tpUk;gpg; gapy;n thiuf; Fwpj; jJ/@
(xHptpbyhLf;fg; gha[u tpUj;jpa[ iu)
91
rhpia. fphpia Mfpa g[wtHpghl;oy; <LgLnthh; moahh;

vd Kd; thpapy; vLj;J f; fhl;lg;gl; lJ/ nahfk;. "hdk;
Kjypa mf tHp ghl;oy; cs;n shh; md; gh; Mth;/ (Mjhuk;)
kzthsh; tUfpd;w jUzkpJ kltha;

khspifapd; thapbyyhk; tsk; bgw eP g[idf
Fzthsh; miza[k; kyuizafj; ij ehnd
Fyt[k; kzp tpsf;f j;jhy; my'; fhpf;f g; g[Fntd;
jzthj Rfe;j Uk; vd; jdpf; fzth; thpnyh
rw;W k; may; thjidfs; cw;w pLjy; Mfh
mzthj kdj; jtiug; g[wg;gzpf;nf tpLf
md;g[i lahh; fSf;fpLf mfg;gzp bra;jplnt
(jpUtUl;g h 5732)
mfg;gzp bra;nthnu md;g[ ilahh; Mth;/

mfg;gzp bra; fpd; w md;gh; fl;Fj; Jd;g';fis
ePf;FtJ kl;Lkpd;wp rhf;u j;. brhg; dk;. RGj; jp. Jhpak;
vd;fpw mtj;i jfs; ehd;f py; Jhpa epiy mDgtj; jpy;
njhd;W k; Rfj;ija[ k; jUfpd;w mUl; b gU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
bghJtJ rpwg;g J g[jpaJ giHaJ vd;W

mJtJ tha;j; jpfH; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (186)
fy;yhh;f;Fk;. fw; wth;f ;Fk;. typik kpf;fth;f;F k;.

gykpy;y hjth; f;Fk;. ey;yth;fl;F k;. bghy;yhjth;f l;Fk;.
bry;te; jh;f ;Fk;. ViHfl;F k;. ,d;Dk; vt;tpjkhd Vw;wj;
jhH;t[f s; kdpjhplj;nj ,Ue;j hYk; ,iwtndh midth; f;Fk;
bghJthdtdhfnt ,Uf; fpd; whd;/
cah;e;j fy;tp mwpt[ bgWtJ rpwg; ng/ Fiwahj

bry;tk; bgw;W tskhd thH; f;if bgw;why; mJt[k; rpwg; ng/
cyfnk g[ fGk;go rhjidfs; g[hpe; J g[fH;gl thH;j Yk;
92
rpwg;ng/ nehaw; w thH;t [ fpl;L nkahdhy; mJt[k; rpwg;ng/

rpwg;g[fs; vt;tsnth cs;sd/ midj;jpida[k; brhy;y p
KoahJ/ cz;i kapy; rpwg;ghdJ vd; W xd;W ,Uf;Fkhdhy;
mJ ,iwtnd/ ,iwtidtplr; rpwg;g hdJ vJt[k; ,y;i y/
ve;jg; bghUSk; Muk;gj;jpy; g[jpajhfj; jplkhf

,Uf;Fk;/ fhyg; nghf;fpy; mJ iee;J nghtjhnyh.
Mw;wiy ,Hg;gjhnyh. nja;e; J nghtjhnyh vf; fhuzj;jhnyh
g[Jikia ,He;J tpLfpd;wJ/ vf;fhuzj;jhYk;.
vf;fhyj;Jk; jd; epiy ,Hf; fhJ vd;Wk; g[jpajhf xd;W
,Uf;Fbkd;why; ,iwtd; jtpu ntW vJt[k; ,y;iy/
vd;iwf;Fk; ,iwikna g[j paJ/
g[ijbghUs; Muha;r; rpahsh;fs; giHa fhyj;Jg;

gHikahd gy bghUl; fisg; g{kpapypUe;J njhz;o
vLf;fpd;whh;fs;/ ve;j Mz; oy; vGjg;gl;lJ vd;nw Tw
Koahj kpf kpfg; gHikahd rpwg;ghd E}y;fSk; cs; sd/
cyfpy; njhd; wpa vJt[k ; ,e;j cyif tplg; gHikahdJ
my;y/ ,e;j cyfk; giHaJ vd;why; mijtplg;
gHikahdJ N: hpad;/ ,iwtndh mjw;Fk; gHikahdtd;/
vija[k; tplg; giHaJ ,iwtnd/
midth; f;Fk; bghJthdjhft[k ; vija[k;tplr;
rpwg;ghdJk; vija[k; tplg; g[JikahdJk;. vija[ k; tplg;
giHikahdjhft[ k;. ve;jg; bghUl;fs; ,g;gobay;y hk;
,Uf;f pd;wdnth (my;yJ) fUjg;gLfpd;wdnth
mt;tg;bghUshfnt tps';Ffpd;w mUl; bgU";n$hjp/
nrjdg; bgUepiy jpfH; jUk; xUgiu

Mjdj;J X';fpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (188)
nrjdk;/ ; mirt[ ? ,af;fk;/ gpwj;jy;. thH;j y;.

,wj;jy;. kP z;Lk; gpwj;jy; Kjypa ,af;f ';fs; cyfk;
njhd;w pa me;ehs; Kjy; ,e;ehs;t iu kl;Lkpd;wp ,dptUk;
ehl;fspYk; ,iltplhJ epfH;e;J bfhz;n l ,Ug;g jhy;
(caphpd';fs;) Xuwpt[s; s jhtuk; Kjy; Mwwpt[s ;s kdpjh;tiu
93
ve;jf; fhyj; Jk; mHpt[whJ caphpd'; fs; ,Ue; J bfhz; nl

,Uf;f pd;wd/ caphpd';fs; kl;Lkh ,a';fpf;
bfhz;o Uf;f pd;w d> capuw; w $lg; bghUs;f shfpa cyfk;
N:hpaidr; Rw; wp tUtJld; jd;i dj; jhnda[k; Rw; wpf;
bfhs;f pd;w J/ nfhilapy; bta;apYk;. khhpf; fhyj; jpy;
kiHa[k;. gdpf; fhyj;jpy; gdpa[k; jtwhJ ,a';F fpd; wJ/
cyfk; jd;idj;jhnd Rw;Wtjhy; ,ut[ gfYk;.
N:hpaidr; Rw;W tjhy; fhy';f spy; khw;wKk; Vw;gLfpd;wd/
caphpd';fspy; Mz; bgz; vd ,Utif njhw;Wtpj;J
mt;tpd';fspd; rpUc;&oa[k;. fhyr; rf;fuj;jpd; RHw;r papy;
mt;t[aphpd'; fspd; fpukkhd mHpita[k;. mt;t[a phpd';fspd;
,ilg;gl;l thH;tpy; gytpjkhd Vw;wj; jhH;t [fisa[k ;
cz;lhf;fp ,g;gog;gl;l ,af; f';f s; vd;Wk; epd;WtplhJ
epfH;f pd;w bgUepiyf;F K:y k; vd khia vd;w xd;iwr;
bray;gLj; jp. me;j khiaf;Fj; jhd; trg;glhJ mijj;
jd; fP H; mlf; fp mijna jdf;F Mjdkhff; bfhz;L
X';Ffpd;w mUl; bgU"; n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
Fwpg;g[ : cyFaph;f s;. khiaapd; Ml;rpf;Fl;gl; L mjdhy;

Ml;o itf; fg;gLtjhy; njhd;wp. thH;e;J.
kiwe;J bfhz;L s;sd/ Xh; Mz; xU bgz;iz
tpUk;g[tJk;. xU bgz; Xh; Miz tpUk;g[tJk;
mJ kdpjh;kl;Lkpd;wp gwitfs; kpUf';f s;
vJthapDk; Mz; bgz; fth;r;r p Vw;g l khiana
fhuzkha[s;s J/ guk; bghUnsh ,e;j khiaf;F
cl;glhJ. mjd; trg;glhJ. mijj; jd; fPH;
mlf;f pitj; jpUg;gjhy; vd;Wk; mirahJ
mHpahJ tps';Ffpd;wJ/
Mjhuk; kapy; khia ? KUfd; "hdk;/
"hdkhfpa KUfd; khiaahfpa kapiyj; jd; fPH ;

mlf;f p mjidj; jdJ Mrdkhf;fpf; bfhz; oUf; fpd; whd;/
94
eluhrnuh Kayfidj; jd; fP H; kpjpj;J mtd; kPJ

xU fhiy Cd; wp epd;W bfhz;L Ie;bjhHpy;fis
,aw;W fpd; whuhk;. Mjdk; ,Uf; if
guk;bghUSf;F khiana ,Uf;i fahk;
Xkaj; jpUt[U ctg;g [ld; mspj;bjdf;F

Mkaj; jil jtph; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (190)
Xkaj;jpUt[U = gpuzt totk;

Mkaj; jil = M = gR
gR = Ie;Jky';fs; cilaJ
$Ptd; = K:d;W ky';fs; cilaJ
Md;kh = xU kyk; cilaJ
rptk; = kykpy; yhjJ
X';fhu totkhfpa gpuzt toit kfpH;t[l d;

vdf;fspj;J Mztk;. khia. fd;k k; . khkhia. jpnuhij
Mfpa Ie;J ky';f shYk; vdf;F Vw; gLfpd;w jilfisj;
jtph;j; J mUl;bgU";n $hjp Mz; ltnu thH;tspg;gP uhf/
Fwpg;g[ : Kd; thpapy; khiaapd; Ml; rpf;Fl;g l;L

caphpd';fs; njhd;wp thH;e ;J kiwe; J caphpd
,af;fkhdJ bjhlh;e; J eilbgWfpd; w nguhw;wy;
Twg;gl;lJ/ ,e; j thpapy; khah ky';fshy;
Vw;gLfpd;w jilfs; eP'; fpag; gpuzt totkhfpa
X';fhu toitg; bgWjy; ntz;Lbkdf;
Fwpf;fg;gl;lJ/ X';fhu toitg; bgWfpd;w
jUzj; jpy;j hd; midj;J ky';fSk; monahnl
xHpa[k;/ filrpahf tpyFtJ K:y kykhfpa
Mzt kynk/ gpuzt totk; bgWk;nghJ
,Wjpahf cs;s ,e;j Mzt kyk; xHpa[khk;/
95
vg;g o vz;z paJ vd; fUj;J ,';bfdf;F

mg;g o mUspa mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
n$hjp/ (192)
vg;gobay;y hk; eP mUs ntz;L k; vd vd; kdjpy;

vz;zpndndh mg;gobay;yhk; ,';n fna vdf;F mUspa
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
Fwpg;g[/ ; epidj; jthnw mUs; bgw;whh; vd;W Twg;gl;l J/
mth; vd;d epidj;jhh;. ,iwtDk; mt;t hnw
mUspdhd; vd;gij mwpa[k; nghJjhd; ts;syhhpd;
bgU';FzKk;. bgU'; fUiza[k;. btspg;gLfpd; wJ/
caph;fs; midj; Jk; fspg;gila ntz;Lk; vd;nw
vz;zpdhuhk;/ Mjhuk;/ ;
Jd;bgyhk; jPh;e ;jd Rfk; gypj; jJ epidr;

N:H;e; jJ mUs; xsp epiwe;n j
Rje;jukjhdJ cyfpy;
td;bgyhk; eP f;fp ey;tHpbayhk; Mf;fp bka;
kd;Dapbuyhk; fspj;jpl epidj; jid cd;wd;
kdepidg;gpd; gof;nf
md;g eP bgWf cythJ ePL:H p tpis
ahLf mUl;n$hjpahk;
Miz ek;khiz vd;nw
,d;g[wj; jpUthf; fspj;J vd;Ds; ns fye;J
,irt[ld; ,Ue;j FUnt
vy;yhk; bra; ty; y rpj;jhfp kzp kd;w py;
,y';F eluhr gjpna/ (jpUtUl;gh 3676)
96
vj;jif tpiHe;jd vd; kdk; ,';F vdf;F

mj;jif mUspa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (194)
ve;j tpjkhf vJ epfHntz;Lk; vd vd; kdk;
Mirg;gl;l njh (tpiHe;jnjh) me;j tpjkhfnt ,';F
vdf;F elj;j pf; bfhLj;j mUl; bgU"; n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
Fwpg;g[ : Kd; thpf;Fk; ,e;j thpf;Fk; bghpa khWghL
,y;iyahapDk; rw;nw ntWghLz;L/ vg;go
epidj; njndh mg;g o mUs;f vd;w J Kd;thp/
mJ vt;thW epfH ntz; Lk; vd
Mirg;gl;n lndh mt;t hnw mUspdhd; vd;gJ
,e;j thp. cjhuzkhf ? cd; mUs; vdf;F
ntz;Lk; vd vz; zpaJ kdk;/ mUis
,iwtd; mspj;Jtpl;lhd; ? ,J Kd;thp.
ghLgl;Lj; jtk; bra;J mUis vd;dhy; mila
KoahJ ? vd; kPJ ,u';f p Inah ghtk; vdf; fUjp
mUis eP jukhl;lhah vd tpiHe;jJ vd; kdk;/
mt;thnw ve;jg; ghLk; glhJ vdf; F mUisj; je; jhna
vd;fpwJ ,e;jthp. (Mjhuk;)
nehthJ nehd;g[ vidg;nghy; nehw;wtUk; v";"hd;Wk;

nguUis vd; nghyg; bgw;wtUk; vt;t[ yfpy;
ahUsh; eP rw;nw miw/ (jpUtUl;gh 5624)
,';F wj; jphpe;J csk; ,isahtif

,isahtif vdf;F
m';ifapw; fdpahk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (196)
,iwtid miltjw; fhf moahh;f s; jpUj; jy';f l;Fk;

jpUf; nfhap;y;fl;Fk; brd;W brd;W Jjpj;jdh;. mt;thnw
cd;id miltjw;F j; jy';f s; gytw; wpw;Fk; brd;W brd;W
vd; cs;skhdJ fisj; Jr; nrhh;tile;J nghfhky;
grpj;jtDf;F mtd; ifapny ey;y gHk; ,Ue;j hy; clnd.
grpj;jnghnj rw;W k; jhkjpahky; cz;L grp eP ';fg; bgWthndh
97
mt;thnw cd; mUl;grp njhd;Wk; nghbjy;yhk; cd; mUis

mg;nghnj ehd; mila[khW vd; cs; s';ifapy; cs;s gHk;
nghy tps';Fk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
Fwp;g;g[ : moahh; fs; midtUk; gyg;gy jy';fl;Fr;

brd;W ghkhiyfs; rhj;j p ,iwtHpghL
bra;jdh;. Mdhy; ,iwtndh ts;syhiuj; njo
mth; ,Ue;j Foirf;nf te; J mtUld;
fye;jhdhk; (Mjhuk;)
thdpUf;Fk; gpukh;fSk; ehuzUk; gpwUk;

khjtk; gd;dhl; g[h pe;J kzpkhleLnt
njdpUf;Fk; kyuiz nkw; gspf;fiwapD}nl
jpUto nrh;j ;jUs;f vdr; brg;gptUe;jplt[k;
ehdpUf;Fk; Foirapny type;J EiHe;bjdf;nf
ey;y jpUtUsKjk; ey; fpa jd;wpa[k; vd;
CdpUf;Fk; FoirapYk; cte;J EiHe;jonad;
cs;sbkDk; rpW Foira[s;Sk; EiHe; jidna
(jpUtUl;g h 3984)
ghUag; g[hpbfdg; gzpj;bjdf;fUsp vd;

MUaph;
MUaph ;f;F s; xsph; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (198)
Kd; thpapy; ,iwtd; jhnd te;J jd;i d

Ml;bfhz;lJ bjhptpf;fg;gl;l J/ jd;id Ml;b fhz; lJ
vjw;fhf vd ,t;thpapy; bjhptpf; fpd; whh;/
cyfj;J caph;fs; midj; Jk; ey;thH;t[ bgw;W
ca;a[khW g[h pthahf vd vdf;F Mizapl;L. mt;thW
g[hptjw;F hpa mUisa[k; bfhLj;J vd; ,dpa caphpDs; xsp
tpl;Lg; gpufhrpj;Jf; bfhz;oUf;fpd;w mUl;bgU";n $hjp
Mz;ltnu/
98
njtpa[w;W xsph; jU jpUt[Ut[ld; vdJ

Mtpapw; fye;bjhsph; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (200)
Kd; thpapy; caphpy; xspa[ld; fye; J tps';Ffpd;w

epiy Fwpf;fg;gl;l J/ vg;go te;J fyf;f ntz;L k; vd
,t;thpapy; Twg;gLfpd; wJ.
njtp = mUs; = fUiz
vd; kPJ fUizbfhz;L vdf;F mUs; g[hpe;J xsp
tPrf; Toa cdJ (br";Rlh;) tz;z j;Jld; vdJ $Ptdpy;
fye;J vd;W k; xsp tP rpf; bfhz;o Ug;ghahf vd;
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
vt;tHp bka;tHp vd;g ntjhfkk;

mt;tHp
tHp vdf;fUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (202)
mUl; bgU";n $hjp Mz;ltnu j';fis miltjw;F

ve;j khh;f; fj;i j cz;i kahd khh;f;fkhf ntj';fSk;
Mfk';fSk; TWfpd; wdnth me;j tHpia vdf;Fj;
bjhptpj;J mUs;g [hptP uhf/
ntj';fspYk; Mfk';fspYk; cz; i k ,Uf;fpd;wJ
vd;gjw;F Mjhuk; :-
njhd;w pa ntjhfkj;ijr; rhybkd ciuj;njk;

brhw;bghUSk; ,yf; fpaKk; bgha; badf; fz;lwpnay;
Cd;wpa ntjhfkj;j pd; cz;i k epdf;f hFk;
cyfwp ntjhfkj;i jg; bgha;badf; fz;Lzh;tha;
Md;w jpUtUl;br';nfhy; epdf; fspj;n jhk; ePna
Ms;f mUs; xspahy; vd;w spj; j jdpr; rptnk
Vd;w jpU mKbjdf;Fk; <e;j bgUk; bghUns
,y';F elj;j unr vd; ,ira[ k; mzpe; jUns
(jpUtUl;g h 4177)
99
itaKk; thdKk; thH;j;jpl vdf;fUs;

Iawptspj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (204)
,Jtiu bja;tj;jpd; cz;i kia ahUk;

czh;e; jhhpy;iy/ ,iwtid mwpe;J bfhs;s f;Toa mwpit
,iwtnd ek; jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;sw; bgUkhDf;F
mspj; jhd;/ mjdhy; ,iwtid mwpe; J bfh;zlhh; ts;s yhh;/
,jidf; fz;L cyfj;j pYs; s cah; e;j kf;fSk; mjhtJ
rhd;nwhh;fSk; mwp"h; fSk; thDyfj; jpny ,lk; bgw;Ws; s
gpuk;kh tpc&;Qq KjypnahUk; ts;sw; bgUkhid
thH;j;j pdhh;fs;/ nghw;wpdhh; fs;/ ,e;j cz; ikiaj;jhd;
,';nf vLj;J iuf; fpd; whh;/
itak; vd;gJ cyfk;/

cyfk; vd;gnjh cah;e;n jhh; khl;nl/
thdk; vd;gJ nkYyfk;/
m';nf ,lk; bgw;wpUg; nghh; gpUk; kh Kjypnahh;/
Mjhuk;/ ;

khjtk; gd;dhl; g[h pe;J kzp. khl eLnt
njdpUf;Fk; kyuiznkw; gspf;fiwapD}nl
jpUto nrh;j ;jUs;f vdr; brg;gp tUe; jplt[k;
ey;y jpUtUsKjk; ey; fpajd;wpa[ k; vd;
CdpUf;Fk; FoirapYk; cte;J EiHe;J monad;
cs;sbkDk; rpW Foira[s;S EiHe;j idna
(jpUtUl;g h 3984)
Ie;J tajpw;F Kd;dnkna ,iw cz;ik
ts;syhUf;Fj; bjhpe;j J vd;gjw;F Mjhuk; :
thypgg; gUtk; njhd;Wtjw;F Kd; dnu vy;yh
caph;fl;Fk; ,d;gk; jUjw;F mfj;Jk; g[wj;Jk; tps';Ffpd;w
mUl; bgU";n $hjp cz; ikf; flt[s ; xUtnu cs;shh; vd;W
100
mwpfpd;w bka;awpit tpsf;Ftpj;jUspdph;/

(bgUtpz;zg;gk;)
,iwtid mwpaf;T oa mwpit mspj; j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp Mz;ltnu. cyfpy; cs;s cah;e ;njhuhfpa
mwp"h;. rhd;nwhh; Mfpnahh; kl;L kpd;wp thdpny ,lk;
bgw;W s;s gpukh; KjypnahUk; vd; id thH;j ;Jk;go vdf;F
mUs;g[ hptPu hf/
rhkhwidj;J k; jtph;j;jp';bfdf;nf
MkhwUspa
MkhwUspa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (206)
kuzj;i j nehf;fp ,Gj;Jr; bry;Yk; ghijfs;

midj; jpida[k; monahnl ePf ;fp (,';F) ,e;j cyfpnyna
,e;jg; gpwg;gpnyna vd;Wk; ,wthky; thH;fpd;w thH;it
vdf;nf mUspa mUl;bgU"; n$hjp/
Fwpg;g[ : beUey; csbdhUtd; ,d;wpy;iy vDk;

bgUik a[ ilj; J ,t;t [yF
vd;gJ Fws;/
new;iwa jpdk; ,Ue;jhd; ? ,d;iwa jpdk; mtd;
,y;iy vDk; bgUik bfhz;lJ ,t;t[yF vdj; jp Obud
tuf;Toa kuzj; ijg; gw; wpa Xh; vr; r hpf;ifia mspf;f pwJ
,f;Fws;/ Mdhy; ts;syhnuh mij khw;Wfpd; whh;/ vt;thW
vdpy;. new;W ,Ue;jhd; ,d;W ,y;iy vd;gjpy; cs;s
,y;iy vd;w brhy;iy ePf;f p ,d;W kl;Lky; y vd;W
nfl;lhYk; @Mk; @ ,Uf;f pd;whh; vd;n w TWkst[ rht[f ;Fhpa
tHpfisj; jtph;f;f ntz;Lk; vd;f pwhh;/ vd;W nfl; lhYk;
mtuh ? mth; ,y;iyna ? ,we;J gl;lhnu vd;W TwhJ ?
mtuh ? Mk; ,Uf;fpd;whnu vd; n w Tw ntz;L khk;/
ts;syhhpd; ,e; j Mirf;F MrP h;thjj; jpw;F vd;d ifk;khW
bra;a ,aYk;> ,e;j mfty; thp ts;syhh; bgw; w mDgtk;
jhd;. Vd; ehKk; mjidg; bgw Kayf;TlhJ>
101
rj;jpakhk; rpt rj;jpia <e;bjdf;F

mj;jpwy; tsh;f;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (208)
Kd;thpapy; vd;W nfl; lhYk; ,y;i y vd;dhJ Mk;

,Uf;f pd;w hh; vd;n w TWkst[ rhkhiwj; jtph; j;j epiy
Twg;gl;lJ/ jtj;jhy; me;epiy rpj;jpf;Fk; vd;fpwJ ,e; j
thp/
rj;jpak; : cz;ik ? vd;Wk; khwhjJ ? mHpahjJ/
rptk; : bksdk; ? jtk;
rf;jp : Mw;w y; jpwy;/ ty;ygk;/
vd;W k; mHpahkYk; khWglhkYk; cz;ikaha;
tps';Ffpd;w rf;jpia?ty;ygj; ij?Mw;wiy jtj;jpd;
K:ykhf vdf;F mspj;J me;j Mw;wiy bkd;nkYk;
tsh;f;f pd;w mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
rhth epiyapJ je;jdk; cdf;nf

Mth vd mUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (210)
jtj;jpdhy; bgw;w Mw;w y; Kd; thpapy; Twg;gl;l J/

rhfhj epiy ,J. vd;W tpsf;fp mg;gog;gl;l
epiyiaa[ k; cdf; nf je;njd; ,J cdf;nf ifTLk; vd;W
mUl; bgU";n $hjp Mz; ltnu vdf;F mUs;g[hptPuhf/
rhfhj fy;tpia Mz;lth; bjhptpj;jhh; vd;g jw;F
Mjhuk; :
rhfhj jiyapJ ntfhj fhyhk;

jukpJ fhz; vdj; jat[ bra; Jiuj;nj
nghfhj g[ diya[ k; bjhptpj;bjDsj;n j
bghw;g[w mkh;e;j njhh; mw;g[jr; Rlnu
Mfhj ngh;fSf; fhfhj epidnt
Mfpa vdf;bfd;Wk; Mfpa Rfnk
jhfhjy; vdj; jUk; jUk rj;j punk
jdp eluhr vd; rw;FU kzpna (3691)
102
rhjpa[k; kjKk; rkaKk; bgha;bad

Mjpapy; czh;j;jpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (212)
rhjp kjk; rkak; Kjypadbty;yhk; bgha;bad;Wk;
cz;ikay;ybtd;W k; vdf;F Muk; gj;jpnyna mwptpj;j
kah;e;jpnly; rpwpJk; kde;jsh;e;j";nry;

mah;e;jpnly; vd;wUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (214)
vjdhYk; jpifg;gilahnj ? rpwpJTl kdk;
jsh;tilahnj vijf; fz;Lk; gag;glhnj ? ve; jr;
braypYk; nrhh;tilahnj ? vd mUl; bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu
mUs;g[ hptPu hf/
Fwpg;g[ : Kd; thpapy; rhth epiy ,Jbtd ,iwtd;
mwptpj;jjhf czh;j ;jg;gl; lJ/ me;epiyiag;
bgwg;ghLgLk;nghJ jpifg;gilanth. nrhh;e ;J
jsh;e; J nghfnth TlhJ vd mwptpf;fg;
gLfpd;wJ/
njRwj; jpfH;jU jpUbewpg; bghUspay;

Mrwj; bjhpj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (216)
njR = xsp ? gpufhrk; ? g[fH;

(CDlk;ghdJ mHpahj) xsp epiy bgw;W thH;f pd;w
thH;itj; jUfpd;w jpUbewpna ehk; mila ntz;oa
bghUs;/ me;jg; bghUspd; jd;ik ,Jbtdf; Fw;wkw
vdf;Fj; bjhptpj; j mUl;bgU";n $hjp/
fhl;oa cybfyhk; fUizahy; rpj;jpapd;

Ml;oay; g[h pa[k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (218)
mstw;w mz; l';f s;/ me;j mz;l ';fspy; vz; zw;w

cyf';f s;/ <nuG gjpdhd;F nyhf';fs; vd Md;kPf k;
mwptpf;fpd;wJ/ ve; bje; j cyf';fspy; caphpd';f s;
thH;fpd;wd vd;gJ Ma;t[ f;Fhpa xd;whf ,Ue;J tUfpd; wJ/
103
brt;tha;f ; fpufj;j py; caph;f s; thH tif cs; sJ vd

Muha;r; rpahsh;fs; fUj;J bjhptpf;f pd;w dh;/
vj;jidnah cyf';fs; ,iwtdhy; gilf;fg;

gl;oUe; jhYk; ,d;Dk; gy cyf'; fs; kdpjuhy; fhz
Koahj tifapy; cs; sd/ me; j cyf';f s; ,iwtdhy;
kdpjUf;F ,d;dKk; fhl; lg;gltpy;iyahk;/ kdpj caph;fs;
thHhj cyf';fisa[k; fhl;lg;glhj cyf';fshff; fUj
,lk; cz;L/ kdpj caph;f s; thH;f pd; w cyf';f is kl;Lk;
fhl;oa cybfyhk; vdf; TWfpd;whh;/
rpj;jpay; vd;gJ mf;nfhs;f isr; RHy itj;J ,ut[

gfy; cz;l hf;FtJ/ fhye;jtwhJ gUt kiH bga;tpf;f
itg;gJ ? N:hpa btg;gk; njhd;WjYk; mij ,utpy; kiwa
itj;J btg;gj; ijj; jzpj;J f; Fspu itg;gJ ? gUt
fhy';f s; fpukkhf khw;wkpd;w pj; njhw;Wtpg;gJ ? gilj;jy;
Kjy; Ie;bjhHpy; g[ hpe; J midj;jpida[k; bray;gl
itj;jpUj;jiyna rpj;j papd; Ml; oay; vd;fpd;whh;/
fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s cyf';fis mstw; w fUizapdhny

rpj;Jf;fs; g[hpe;J mtw; iw ,af;Ftpj;J tUfpd;w
v';F yk; vk;kpdk; vd;g bjhz;Q q}w;whW

m';F yk; vd;wUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (220)
vd;Dila Fyk; cah;e ;jJ vd; Dila ,dk;

cah;e;j J vd;bwy;yhk; $hjp. kj. ,d. ngjk; ngrp
,Hpnthh;f;F xU bghJ cz;ik ,d;dbjd ,e; j thpapy;
czh;j; Jfpd;whh;/ ahtuhapDk; (cah;e;n jhh; my;yJ
jhH;e; njhuhfr; brhy; yg;gLnthh;) mtuth; clk;g[ mtuth;
iff;F vl;L $hz; (mjhtJ bjhz;Qq}w; whW tpuw; fil
msntahFk;) (Xh; m';Fyk; vd;gJ xU tpuw;fil msnt
vd Kd;ndhh; tFj;Js; sdh;) msnt vd;w tpntfj;ij
104
czh;j; jp midtUk; Mz; ltd; gilg;gpy; rknk vd;W

czUk;go mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu mUs;g[hptP uhf/
vk;kjk; vk; ,iw vd;g caph;j;jpus;

mk;kjk; vd;wUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (222)
,e;j cyfj; ijg; gilj;jth; gpUk;kh vd;W

,e;Jf; fs; TWfpd;w hh;f s;/ kfk; k jpah;fs; my;yhjhd;
gilj;jhh; vd;W ngRfpd;whh;fs;/ fpwpj;jth;fnsh gukgpjh
gilj;jhh; vd; fpd; whh; fs;/ ,Ug;gnjh ,e;j xnu Xh; cyfk;/
xt;bthU kjj;jtUk; j';f s; flt[ s;j hd; ,e;j cyfj;i jg;
gilj;jjhff; TWfpd;w dh;/ ,ijr; rw;W rpe; jpj; jhy; Xh;
cz;ik g[hpa[ k;/ ,e;j cyfj;ij xUth; gilj;jhh;/ me;j
xUtiu ,e;Jf; fs; gpuk;kh vd;Wk;. kfk;kjpah;f s; my;yh
vd;W k;. fpwpj; jth;fs; gukgpjh vd;Wk; TWfpwhh; fs;/
mjhtJ vy; yhg; bgah;fSk; vth; ,e;j cyfj;i jg;
gilj;jhnuh me;j xUtiuj; jhd; Fwpf;fpd;wd/ ,e;jg;
ngUz;ikia xt; bthU kjj; jtUk; g[ hpe;J bfhz;lhy; $hjp
kj ,d ngjk; xHpe;J tpLk;/ xt;bthU kjj;jtUk;
epidg;gJ nghy; jdpj;j dpahfj; bja;t';f s; ,y;iy/
vy;nyhUf;Fk; bghJthf ,Ug;gJ xnu xU guk;bghUs;j hd;/
vy;yh ,dj;jtUk; vy; yh kjj;jtUk; ek;g[tJk;.
nghw;W tJk;. tz';FtJk; me;j xnu xU guk;bghUisna
MFk;/
ve;bje;j kjj;i jr; rhh;e ;j kf;fSk; vkJ flt[ s ;

vd;W ve;j f; flt[isr; brhy;fpd;whh;f nsh me;jf; flt[s hf
mUl; bgU";n $hjp Mz; ltnu ehd;jhd; tps';F fpd; nwd; vd;W
tpsf;fp mUs;g[h ptPh; fshf/
vy;yhg; bgah; fSk; xU flt[ isna Fwpf;Fk; vd;gjw;F

Mjhuk; :
105
bg Ufpa nguUSilahh; mk;gyj;nj eof;Fk;

bgUe;jif vd; fzth; jpUg;ngh; g[fy; vd;fpd;wha;
mUfh; g[j; jh; Mjp vd;ngd; mad; vd; ngd; ehuh
azd; vd;ngd; mud; vd;ngd; Mjp rptd; vd; ngd;
gUF rjhrptk; vd;ngd; rf;jp rptk; vd;ngd;
gukbkd; ngd; gpukbkd;ngd; gug;gpukbkd; ngd;
JUt[ rpj;j gpukbkd;ngd; Jhpa epiwbtd;ngd;
Rj;j rptbkd;ngd; ,it rpj;J tpisahl;nl (5801)
,e;j cz; ik g[hpahJ gyg;gy bja;t ';fs; cz;bld;W
vz;Qqnthh; (mwpt[) mUs; tpsf;f k; ,y;yhjth;fs; vd;f pwJ
jpUtUl;gh/
bja;t';f s; gygy rpe;ij bra;thUk;

nrh;fjp gygy brg;g[f pd;w hUk;
bgha;te;j fiy gy g[fd;wpLthUk;
bgha;r; rkahjpia bkr;Rfpd;w hUk;
bka;te;j jpUtUs; tpsf; fbkhd;wpy;yhh;
nky;tpistwpfpyh; tPz; fHpf;fpd;whh;
va;te;j Jd;bghHpj;J mth;f; fwpt[ mUs;tPh;
vidg; gs; sp vGg;gp bka;apd;ge;je;jPn u (4726)
Twpa fUepiy Fytpa fPH;nky;

Mwpay; vdt[iu mUl;bgU";n$hjp (224)
,iwtd; vd;gtd; midth;f ;Fk; bghJthf xUtnd

cs;sjhy; vy;yh kf;fSk; ve;jg; bgaiur; brhy;y p
tz';fpdhYk; me;jj; bja;tkhf mUl;bgU";n$hjp xd;nw
tps';Ffpd;wJ vd;W Kd; thpapy; Twg; gl;lJ/ ,e;j thpapy;
caph;j; jpus; vt;t hW tps';Ffpd;wJ vd; W Twg;gLfpd; wJ/
$Ptd;fs; Xuwpt[s; s jhtuk; Kjy; Ie;j wpt[s ;s
kpUf';fsha[ k; Mwwpt[s; s kdpjuha[k ; gpwtp vLf;fpd;wd/
,tw;wpy; Ie;jwpt[s;s kpUf';f s; tiu jhH;e ;j gpwtp vd;Wk;
MwhtJ mwpt[ s;s kdpjg; gpwtpia kl;Lk; cah;e ;j gpwtp
vd;W k; tFj;J itj;Js;sdh;/
106
$Ptd;fspd; epiyahdJ jhH;e ;j gpwtp vd;Wk; nkyhd

gpwtp vd;W k; Xuwpt[s ;sit Kjy; Mwwpt[ cs; stiu
MWtifahf tFj;Js; s mUl;bgU";n $hjp/
vz; ju Koah jpy';fpa gw;g y

mz;lKk; epiwe;bjhsph; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (226)
,e;jg; gue;j btspapny vj; jid mz;l';f s; cs;sd

vd;gij ahuhYk; fzf;f pl KoahJ/ mt;thW
vz;zpf;iff;F ml';fhjjha; cs;s mz;l ';fs;
midj; jpYk; epiwe;J xspkakha; tps';Ffpd;w
mz;l';fs; midj;jpYk; epiwe; Js; sjw;F nkYnkhh;
Mjhuk; :
fz;l bghUs; vt;tsnth mt;tst[k ; mtw;wpy;
fye;j fyg;g[ vt;tsnth mt;tst[k ; epiwe;nj
tp;z;lFnkhh; ehjbtsp Rj;j btsp nkhdbtsp
bfhz;l Jtha; tps';F fpd; w Rj;j rpt kank
Fyt[ elj;junr vd; Fw; wKk; bfhz;l Uns/
(jpUtUl;g h 4169)
rhUaph;f;bfy;yhk; jhufkhk; giu

MUaph;f;F apuhk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (228)
Kd; thpapy; ,iwtd; mz;l ';fs; midj;j pYk;

epiwe; J tps';FtJ Fwpg;gplg;g l;lJ/
mg;go epiwe; J tps';Fk; ,iwtidr; rhh;f pd;w
caph;fs; midj; jpDf;F k; giuahfpa khia Mjhukhf
tps';Fk;/ giu vd;gJ kdjpny tps';FtJ/ ,iwtidr;
rhuhj caph; fisg; giu jd;trk; itj;Jf; bfhz;L
cyfhajj;jpnyna cHyr; bra;a [k; vdj; njhd;Wfpd;wJ/
107
Mdhy; ,iwtidr; rhh;e;j caph;fisg; giuahfpa khia

mirf; f Koahjjhy; mth; fl;F khiana Mjhukha;
tps';Fk;/ mg;gog;gl; l caph;f l;F ,iwth mUl;bgU";n $hjpna
ePa[k; caph; f;Fapuha; tps';Ffpd;w ha;/
Fwpg;g[ : giu kdij ,lkhf; bfhs;Sk; vd;gjw;F

Mjhuk;
giu xsp vd; kdg; gjpapdpy; tphpj;nj

miurJ ,aw; bwDk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp
,iwtd; caph; f;Fapuha; tps';Ftjw;F Mjhuk;
vd;Daph; eP vd; caph; f;nfhh; capUk; eP vd;
,d;Daph;f;Fj; Jiztd; eP vd;id <d;w
md;id eP vd;Dila mg;gd; eP vd;
mUk; bghUs; eP vd; ,jaj; jd;g[k ; eP vd;
ed;bdwp eP vdf;Fhpa cwt[ eP vd;
ew;FU eP vidf; fye; j el;g[ eP vd;
jd;Dila thH;t[ eP vd;i df; fhf;F k;
jiytd; eP fz; K:d;W jiHj; j njnt
(jpUtUl;g h 2138)
thHp ePL :Hp thHp vd;W X';F ngh;

MHpia mspj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (230)
thHp?CHp te;jhYk; mHpahJ nkYk; eP z;L thH;t hahf

vd thH;j; jp vidr; rpwg;g[w X';Ftpf;Fk; xg;gw;w nkhjpuk;
mspj; j mUl;bgU";n $hjp Mz; ltnu/
Fwpg;g[ : MHp vd;gjw;F tpuypy; mzpe;J bfhs;S k;

nkhjpuk; vd;Wk; fly; vd;Wk; bghUs;/ jpUkzk;
bra;J bfhs; fpd; w tiffspy; fhe;j Ut kzk;
vd;gJk; xd;W/ me;j tifj; jpUkzj; jpy;
jiytpiaj; jhd; kze;J bfhz;ljw;F
milahskhfg; bgz;zpd; tpuypy; jiytd;
108
nkhjpuj;ij mzptpg;ghd;/ ,e;j f; fhe; jUt

tpthfkhdJ gyuwpa elj;jg; bgWtjy;y/
jiytDk; jiytpa[k ; kl;Lnk ,ufrpakhf
elj;jpf;bfhs;tJ/
,iwtd; jd;id mt;thW ,ufrpakhf kze;J

bfhz;l hd; vd;gij MHp mspj; jhd; vd;W ek; bgUkhd;
TWfpd;whh;/
kha;e;jth; kPl;L k; tUbewp

tUbewp je;J ,ij
Ma;e;jpL vd;W iuj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (232)
,we;jth; kPs ;tjpy;iy vd;gJ xU bghJthd cz;ik/

"hdpfshy;. mUs; bgw;w rpj;j h;fshy; ,we;njhiu vGg;g
,aYk;/ irt rkaj;jpy; jpUeht[ f;f urh;. jpU"hdrk;ge;j h;.
Re;juK:h;j ;jp ehadhh; Mfpa K:tUnk ,we;jhiu
vGg;gpa[s; sdh; vdg; bghpa g[ uhz E}y; TWfpd; wJ/
,we;njhh; kPs tUtJ v';f hapDk; cz;lh vd;W
KobtLg;gJ cyfpayhh; ,ay;g[/ Mdhy; ,we;jtiu
kPz;Lk; caph; bgw;W tutiHf;ff; Toa bewp xd;W mspj;J
,jd; cz;i kia Ma;t[ bra; jpL vd;W ciuj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
Fwpg;g[ : ,we;jhiu vGg;g[k ; Mw;wiy ts;syhh; bgw;w jw;F

Mjhuk;
J";rhj epiy xd;W Rj;j rd;khh;f; f r;

N:Hypy; cz;lJ brhy;ystd;nw
v";rhj mUshny ahd; bgw;Wf; bfhz; nld;
,we;jhiubay;yhk; vGg;g [jy; ty;n yd;
tp";rhj mwpthny njhHp eP ,';nf
ntJbra; kuzj;Jf; bfJ bra;nthbkd; nw
m";rhky; vd;n dhnl Mnlo ge;J
mUl; bgU";n $hjp fz; lhnlo ge;J (4959)
109
ahd; g[ hpjy; ntz;L';b fhy; ,t;t[y fpy; brj;j hiu

Cd; g[h pe;J kPs caph;g;gpj;j y; ? thd;g[h pe;j
mk;gyj;jhd; ey;yUshy; me; njh ehd; nkw;nghh;j; j
fk;gyj; jhy; MF'; fspj; J/
(jpUtUl;g h 5525)
vr;rk;
rk; epdf;fpiy vy;yhk; bgWf vd;W
mr;rk; jtph;j;j vd; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (234)
vr;rk; vd;gjpd; bghUs; kPjk;/ mjhtJ bgw

ntz;oaJ ,d;dKk; KGikailatpy;iy ? rpwpJ kP jk;
,Uf;f pd;wJ vd;w py;y hky; kPjk; VJk; ,y;i y cdf;F ?
midj; jpida[k; Fiwtpd; wp KGikahfg; bgw;Wf; bfhs;
vd;W Twp vdJ gaj;ija[k; ePf;fpa vd;D ila
Fwpg;g[ : ts;syhh; midj;j pida[ k; KGikahfg; bgw;W

kd epiwt[ mile;jjw;F Mjhuk;
fl; lKk; fHd;nwd; ftiy tpl;blhHpj; njd;

fyf;fKk; jPh;e ;jdd; gpwtpr;
rl;lKk; fpHpj; njd; J}f;fKe; Jwe;njd;
rhita[k; nehita[k; jtph;e;n jd;
rpl;lKkile;njd; rpw;riga[ ilahd;
bry;t bka;g; gps;is vd; bwhU ngh;g;
gl;lKk; jhpj;njd; vdf;fpJ nghJk;
gz;zpa jtk; gypj;jJnt/
(jpUtUl;g h 4736)
110
ePL f ePna ePS yfidj;J k; epd;W

MLf vd;w vd; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (236)
fhyKs; sst[k ; mHpahJ ePz;l thH;t[ bgWthahf/

ePz;l fhyk; cs;s ,e; j cyfidj; jpYk; kw; wit vy;yhk;
mHpe; jhYk; eP kl;L k; mHpahJ epd;W kdk; nghy mUs;
tpisahl;L MLthahf vd;w vd;Dila mUl;bgU"; n$hjp/
Mjhuk; :
Jjp bra[k; Kj; jUk; rpj;jUk; fhzr;

Rj;j rd;khh;f; fj;j py; cj;j k "hdg;
gjp bra[ k; rpj;j pfs; gw;gythfg;
ghhpil thdpilg; gw;gy fhyk;
tpjp brag; bgw; wdd; ,d;W bjhl;bld; Wk;
bka;aUl; n$hjpahy; tpistpg;gd; eP mt;
tjprak; ghh;f ;fyhk; Mnloge; J
mUl; bgU";n $hjp fz; lhnloge;J
(jpUtUl;g h 4961)
Kj;jpwy; totKk; Kd;dpah';bfa;

bfa;J Wk;
mj;jpwy; vdf;fUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (238)
Rj;j njfk;. gpuzt njfk;. "hd njfk; Mfpa

Kj;njf rpj;j pfisa[k; Kaw; rpapd; gadhf mtw;iw
milaf; Toa nguhw;w iy mUl;b gU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu
vdf;F mUs;t Puhf/
Fwpg;g[ : Kj;njf rpj; jpfisa[k; mth; bgw;whh; vd;gjw;F

Mjhuk;
111
ehnd jtk; g[hpe;njd; ek;bgUkhd; ey; yUshy;

ehnd mUl; rpj; jp ehlile;njd; ? ehnd
mHpah totk; mit K:d;Wk; bgw; nwd;
,Hpahky; MLfpd;n wd; ,';F/
(jpUtUl;g h 5513)
Rj; jtot[k ; Rftothk; X'; fhu

epj;j tot[k; epiwe;n jh';F ? rpj;bjDnkhh;
"hdtot[k p';n f ehd; bgw;nwd; v';bf';Fk;
jhd tpisahl; oaw;w j;jhd;
(jpUtUl;g h 5503)
K:tifr; rpj;jpapd; Kog[fs; KGtJk;

Mtif vdf;fUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (240)
fUk rpj;j p. nahf rpj;jp. "hd rpj; jp Mfpa K: d;W

tifahd rpj;jpfspd; bray;ghLfs;. tpist[fs; vt;tst[
cz;nlh mitfs; midj; jpida[ k; KGtJkhf vdf;F f;
iftUk;go mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu mUs;g[hptPuhf/
rpj;jpfs; bgw;w jw;F Mjhuk;
mUl; bgU";n $hjp vd; mfj;jpy; X';fpd

kUl;bgUe;jpiubayhk; koe; J eP ';fpd
,Ul;bgUkyKjy; aht[k; jPh; e;jd
bjUl; bgU";r pj;j pfs; nrh;e;j vd; idna
(jpUtUl;g h 5400)
112
fUk rpj;jpfspd; fiy gy nfhoa[k;

muRw vdf;F mUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (242)
fUkrpj;jp vd;gJ
1/ mzpkh : JUk; ig nkUthf;F fpd; wJ

2/ kfpkh : nkUitj; JUk;ghf;Ffpd;wJ
3/ fhpkh : nkUit xd;Wkpy;y hky; bra; fpd; wJ
4/ yfpkh : xd; Wkpy;yhj ,lj;j py; mndf';fshfr; bra;f pwJ
5/ gpuhj; jp : ntz;Ltd miljy;
6/ <rj;Jtk; : Fspif ty;ygj;jhy; v';Fk; bry; YfpwJ
7/ gpufhkpak; : gufhag; gpuntrk;
8/ trpj;Jtk;/ ; vGtifj; njhw;w khfpa njt. kDc;&a. euf.
kpUf. gT&p. Ch;td. tpUT&k; Kjypatw;iwj;
jd; trg;gLj;JfpwJ
njfj;i jf; fy;g rpj; jp bra; J bfhs;Sjy;.
mgukhh;f;f p. rjhrpthde;j mDgtk;. rjhrpt fhyk;
tiu gpnujj; ij caph;g;gpj;jy;/ rpj;jp fhyk; 3¾ ehHpif
Kjy; 3¾ tUc&j;jpw;Fs;/
fUk rpj;jpfspd; gy nfhof;fzf;fhd tphpt[fSk; vd;

trkhf;f p mtw;iw ehd; vd; Mizg;go elj;JkhW
mUl; bgU";n $hjp Mz; ltnu mUs;g[hptP uhf/
Fwpg;g[ : fUk rpj;jp tpsf; fk; ? jpUtUl;g h ciueil/

gf;fk; 514 (th;j;j khdd; gjpg;g[ 1997)
nahf rpj;jpfs; tifa[W gy nfhoa[k;

Mf vd;bwdf;fUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (244)
nahf rpj;jp : 64 rpj; jpfisa[k; jd; Rje;juj;jpy;

elj;Jfpd;w J/ r';fy;g Fspif. gpuhz fy;gnjfp. gpuk
fhyk;. guhgukhh;f; fp. rpj;j pfhyk; 12 Mz;L Kjy; 108
tUc&j;jpw;Fs;; g[ ijj; j njfj;ij ehrkilah Kd;
caph;g;gpj;jy;/
113
,e;j nahf rpj; jpapd; tif gy nfho cs; sd/

mitaidj;Jk; ahd; bgWk;go vd;id MrP h;tjpj;J
"hd rpj;jpapd; tif ey;t phptidj;J k;

Mdpapd;bwdf;fUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (246)
"hdrpj;jp :- mWgj;J ehyhapuk; rpj;j pfisa[k;. jd;

Rje;juj;jpy; elj;Jfpd;wJ/ 647 nfhoahfpa. 688 nfho
ngjkhfpa kfh rpj;j pfisa[k;. jd;dpc;&lk; nghy
elj;JfpwJ/ fhyk; fle;j J/ mo epiy. Ko epiy. Rj;j
fh;k. Rj;j nahf. Rj;j "hd rpj;jp ty;yg';fisj; jd;
Rje;juj;jhy; elj;J fpwJ/
,e;j "hd rpj;j papd; tphpt[fnsh gytha; cs;sd/
me;j tphpt[f sidj;jpida[k; rpwpJk; gGjpd;wp
g[ila[W rpj;jpapd; bghUl;nl Kj;jpia

miltJ vd;wUspa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (248)
,Jtiu Md; kPfj; Jiwapny Kj;jp ,d;gnk kdpj

Fyk; mila ntz;oa Kothd ngW vd;w fUj;J
epyt[fpd;wJ/ Mdhy; ek; bgUkhdhnuh rpj;j p vd;gnj
Kothd epiy vd;W k; mjw;F Ke; jpa mDgt epiyna
Kj;jp vd;W k; tFj;J j; jUfpd;whh;/
nknyh';fpa epiyapy; mila ntz; o a rpj;jp mDgt
epiy gw;wpna Kj;jpia miltJ vd;W vdf;F tpsf; fp
mUspa mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
Mjhuk; : Kj;jpiag; bgw; nwdk; Kj;jpapdhy; "hd

rpj;jpia a[w ;nwbdd;We; jPgw
rpj;jDkhndbdd;We; jPgw
114
Kj;jp vd;gJ epiy Kd;DW rhjdk;

mj;jf vd;w vd; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (250)
Kd; thpapy; rpj;jp bgWk; bghUl;L Kj;jpia mila

ntz;Lk; vd;W Twg;gl;lJ/ ,e;j thpapy; Kj;jpapd; epiy
Twg;gLfpd; wJ/
Kj;jp vd;gJ Koe;j Koghd rpj; jp epiy
mDgtj;ijg; bgWtjw;F Kd; njhd;Wk; mDgtkhFk;/
rpj;jp mDgtj;ijg; bgWtjw;F mJ xU rhjdk; vd;W
vdf;F czh;j ;jpa vd; mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz; ltnu/
Fwpg;g[ : rpj;jp vd;gJ epiy vd;Wk;.Kj;j p vd;gJ me;j

epiyia miltjw;Fhpa rhjdk; vd;Wk; ,e;j
thpapy; tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;s J/ rhjdk; vd;gJ ehk;
bfhs;s ntz;oa bewpahFk;/ rhjidapd;w pr;
rhjpg;ghhpy;i y vd;gJ Md; nwhh; thf;F/
epiyf;F k; bewpf;Fk; ntWghLz;L/
,iwtid ehk; tplhJ gw;WtJ bewp :

,iwtd; ek;i k tplhJ fhg;gJ epiy/
Mjhuk; : bja;t kzp khiyapy; <bad;W ehd; xUthplk;

epd;W nfshj ,ay;g[ k; ////////////// vd;w jpUmUl;gh
eP vd;W k; vidtplh epiya[k;
ehd; vd;W k; cs; epidtplh bewpa[k; / / / / / /
rpj;jp vd;g J epiy nrh;e;j mDgtk;

mj;jpwy; vd;w vd; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (252)
,iwtd; ek;i kf; fhf;fpd; w epiyiar; nrh; e;j

mDgtk; vJnth mJnt rpj; jp vd;gJ/ gunyhfj; jpy;
,Uf;Fk; ,iwtDld; ,e;j clk;ig tpl;Lg; gphpe; j
$PtdhdJ fyg;gnj xU kdpjd; mila ntz;oa Kothd
ngW vd;W k; mJnt kP z;Lk; gpwth epiy vd;Wk; ,Jtiu
Md;kPf j;jpy; TwpaJk;. kf;fs; mwpe; jJk; MFk;/ Mdhy;
jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;s w; bgUkhdhnuh ,f;fUj;ij Vw;fhky;
115
kWg;gtuhdhh;/ clk;ig tpl; lhy; $Pt d; jdpj;J ,a'; fhJ

vd;W k;. ve;jf; fy;gj;jpy; clk;g[ ec;&lkilfpd;wnjh (kuzk;)
me;jf; fw;gfhyk; tiu me; j $PtdhdJ kz;z py;
kiwe;j pUf;Fk;/ gpd;d h; khiaapd; rpUc;&oahy; Kd; bra;j
fh;k tpidf; nfw;gg; gpwtp vLf;Fk; vd;fpd; whh;/ ,e;j clk;g[
cs;snghnj ,iwtid mwpe;J miltJ jhd; rd;khh; f;fk;
fhl;Lk; tHp/ mjhtJ ,fj; nj guj; ijg; bgw;W kfpH;t J/
,e;j clk;gpy; ,iwtd; te;J fyg;gjhy; ,e;j clk;ghdJ
vd;W k; mHpah epiy bgw;W tps'; Fk;/ ,iwtDf;Fhpa
mj;jid Mw;wy; fisa[ k; ,th; bgWth;/ RU';ff; Twpd;
flt[shfnt ,tUk; tps';Fth;/ ,Jnt rpj;j p/
,iwtd; fye;J fhf;Fk; epiyna rpj;jp vd;W Twp
mg;bgUk; ngW tha;f;F k; vd;W mUspa vd;
Mjhuk; : Kj;jpiag; bgw; nwd; mk; Kj;jpapdhy; "hd

rpj;jpia a[w ;nwd; vd;We;jP gw
rpj;jDkhndbdd;We; jP gw/
Vf rpw;rpj;jpna ,aYw mndfk;

MfpaJ vd;w vd; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (254)
rpw;rigapy; Vw;g lf; Toa ,e;j xd;nwahfpa rpj; jp

mDgtnk bray;gLk;nghJ nguhw; wy; bgw;W mndfkhf
tps';Ffpd;wJ vd;W tpsf; fpa vdJ mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
,d;g rpj;jpapd; ,ay; Vfk; mndfk;

md;g Uf;F vd;w vd; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (256)
md;gh; vd;gJ bghUs; g[f Hhjpiaf; Fwpj;Jg;

gapy;nthiu ePf ;fpr; rpthde;j k; ve; ehs; milJk; vd;W
,iltplhJ mjidna tpUk;gpg; gapy;nthiuf; Fwpj;jJ
vd;W zh;f/
(gf; 217 ? xHptpbyhLf;fg; ghapu tpUj; jp)
116
jtkhfpa mfg;gzpg[hpe;J ,iwaUs; ty;ygj;j hy;

vija[k; g[h paf;T oa Mw;w y; bgw;n whh; gpwUf;F ,d;gk;
juf;Toa rpj;jpfs; kl;Lnk g[ hpth;/ me;j ,d;g rpj;j p
xd;wy; y kpfg;gy vd;w vd; mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
vl;ouz;bld;g d ,aYKw;g o vd
ml;l epd;wUspa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (258)
Kd; thpapy; jtk; g[hpnthh; Mw;w f; Toa rpj; jp ty;ygk;

ngrg;gl;lJ/ jtk; vd;w hny me;j vl;ila[ k; ,uz; ila[k ;
kwf;f Koa[k h>
vl;L vd;gJ jkpHpy; @ m @ vd;w vz;zhFk;/
,uz;L vd;gJ jkpHpy; c vd;w vz;zhFk;/
vl;L vd;gJ @ m @ vd;w vGj; ijf; Fwpf;Fk;/ @m@
vd;gJ @ mfhuk; @ vdg;gLk;/ mfhuk; vd;gJ $Ptidf;
Fwpf;Fk;/ ,uz;L vd;gJ @c@ vd;w vGj;i jf; Fwpf;F k;
@c@ vd;gJ @cfhuk; @ vdg;gLk;/ @cfhuk;@ vd;gJ @gukhfpa@
,iwtidf; Fwpf;Fk; mfhuk; $Ptd; vd;gjw;Fk; cfhuk;
guk; vd;gjw;Fk; Mjhuk;/
kfhuk; kykha; tUKg;gjj; jpy;
mfhuk; capbud;W miwaYkhnk
(jpUke; jpuk; ? 4k; je;jpuk; ? ghly; 12)
$Ptdhfpa capiua[k; ,iwtdhfpa guj;ija[ k ;
(KGikahf) mwpe;J bfhs;tnj Kjy;go MFk; vd "hd
epiyapnyna epd;W mUspa mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
,g;g o fz;lid ,dpa[W gobayhk;

mg;g ona vDk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (260)
Muk;gkhfpa vl; ila[k ; ,uz;ila[ k; ,d;dbjd vg;go

mwpe; J bfhz;l hnah ,dp tu ntz;oa mDgt
117
epiyfbsy;y hk; mt;thnw mwpe;Jbfhs; vd;w

mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
go Ko fle;jid ghhpJ ghh; vd

mo Ko fhl;oa mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (262)
gpUk;kh ? bjhg;g[Sf;F k; fPnH

tpl;LQq ? bjhg;g[s ;
Uj;ud; ? ,Ujak; g{j epiy
knf!;tud; ? fz;lk;
rjhrptd; ? mz;z h
tpe;J ? g[Utkj; jp
ehjk;
gutpe;J
guehjk;
jpf;fpuhe; jk; Md;khDgt epiy
mjpf; fpuhe;jk;
Rj;jrptk;
mjPjk;
jtk; kdij ,Gj;Jg; g[Ut kj;jpapy; epw;fr;

bra;tjpy; bjhl';fp nkny Twg;gl;L s;s mDgtg; gofspy;
Vwp mjPj epiyf;F tu ntz;Lk;/ me;j mDgt epiyg;
gofs; 43 vd;W ek; bgUkhdhh; TWthh;/
Muk;gg; goahfpa vl;o uz;o y; bjhl'; fpa eP xt;bthU
goahff; fle; J Kothd goiaa[k ; (mjPjk;) fle;J tpl;lha;/
,dp ghh; eP vd cd;D ila mo Ko midj;jpida[k;
fhl;oa mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
Fwpg;g[ : ,';nf ,iwtdpd; mo Ko vd;d vd;gijj;

jpUtUl;ghtpd; Jiz bfhz;L kl;Lk;
fhz;nghk;/
118
gpUk;khthYk; tpl;LQqthYk; fhz Koahj mo Koia

ek; bgUkhdhh; fz; lhh;/ mth; fshy; Vd; fhz Koatpy; iy>
g[uhzj; jpy; Twpa[ s;sgo mth;f s; ,iwtidg; g[ wj;n j
njodhh;fs;/ bghJthfpa rpw;wk;g yj;jpy; njlhJ g[wj; nj
njodhy; njhd;w hJ/
Mjhuk; : bgh Jt[zh; czUk; nghjyhy; gphpj;n j
mJ vdpy; njhd;wh mUl;bgU";n$hjp (mfty;)
mt;thbwdpy; mfj;nj mo Ko vt;thW njhw;w kspf;Fk; >
jtj;jpd; Kothd mDgtj;ij mDgt khiyg; ghl;L
xd;wpy; bjspthfj; jUfpd;whh;/
bghwpfSk;. g[yd; fSk; bray;glhJ ml';fpa epiyapy;
mirahj rpj;jpuk; nghy; jtk; bra;n thh;f;Fg; guehj epiy
mDgtj;jpy; mz;l gfpuz;lk; njhw;wwpahj bgU"; n$hjp
kiy xd;W njhd;Wkhk;/ gpd;dh; me;jg; bgU"; n$hjpapd;
eLnt bghd; bdhsp fhl;rpahFkhk;/ Kothf me;jg;
bghd;bdhspapd; eLnt brt;bthsp xd;W njhd;Wkhk;/
me;jr; brt;bthspjhd; flt[s;/ me; jr; brt;bthsp ,e;jj;
J}y clYld; fyg;gijj; jhd; ,iwtDld; ,uz;lwf;
fye;jjhfr; brhd;dJ/
bg U";n $hjp fhl;rpg; bghUns mJ rpw; rig/
bghd;bdhspa[ k; fhl;r pg; bghUns mJ bghw;rig
mjd; eLnt njhd; wpa brt;bthspna flt[s;/
,ij tpsf;Ftjw;f hfnt ,iwtid n$hjpa[l ;
n$hjpa[ l; n$hjp vd; whh; ts;s yhh;/
Kr;Rlh; njhw;w j;jpw;F Mjhuk;:-
<w;wwpnad; ,Ue; jpUe;jp'; fjp rapg;gbjd; eP
vd;fpd;wha; eP vidtpl;nlFbjhWk; ehd; jhd;
fhw;wwpahj; jPgk; nghy; ,Ue;jpLk; mj; jUzk;
fz;l ghpbrd;g[fy; ntd; mz; l gfpuz;l k;
njhd;w pajh';fjdLnt njhd;w pa bjhd; wJjhd;
ts;sy; mUbshspnah <jjprapf;Fk; tifna (5767)
119
bgU";n$hjp fhl; rpg; bghUns vd;gjw; F Mjhuk; :
jp Uf;f jtk; jpwthnah jpiufbsy;y hk; jtph;j ;nj

jpUtUshk; bgU";n $hjpj; jpUt[U f; fhl;lhnah
(jpUtUl;g h 3760)
bghd;bdhspa[ k; fhl;rpg; bghUns vd;gjw;F

Mjhuk; :
kzpf;fjtk; jpwthnah kiwg;igbayhk; jtph;j;n j

khw;wwpahg; bghd;n d epd; totJ fhl;l hnah
(jpUtUl;g h 3761)
K:d;whtJ xspna fyf;Fk; vd;gjw;F Mjhuk;

ciu fle;j jpUtUl;ngh; xsptoitf; fye;n j/
(jpUtUl;g h 3762)
mo vd;gJ Muk;gk; ? mjhtJ guehjj;nj njhd;wpa

bgU"; n$hjp
eL vd;gJ ,il ? mjhtJ bgU"; n$hjp eLnt
njhd;wpa bghw; n$hjp
Ko vd;g J fil ? mjhtJ bghw; n$hjp eLnt
njhd;wpa brt;bthsp
,iwtdpd; mo mjhtJ n$hjpf; fhl;rpapd; Muk;gk;
bgU";n$hjp
,iwtdpd; eL vd;gJ bghd; bdhsp
,iwtdpd; Ko vd;g J brt; bthsp
,jd; bjhlh;ghd mLj;j thp ,e;jf; fUj;ij

epU:gpg;gijf; fhzyhk;/
n$hjpa[
n$hjp a[l; n$hjpapd; brhU:g nk me;jk;
Mjp vd;wUspa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (264)
Kd; thpapy; mo Ko fhl;oaJ Twg;gl;lJ/ mo

vd;gJ Muk;gk; ? Ko vd;gJ Kot[ ? Mjp vd;gJ Muk;gk;
120
? me;jk; vd;gJ Kot[ ? vdnt mo vd;gJ Mjp ? Ko

vd;gJ me;jk; ? mo bgU";n$hjp Mdhy; Mjpa[k ;
bgU";n$hjp ? Ko br";n$hjp Mdhy; me;jKk;
br";n$hjpna. bgU";n$hjp ? bghw;n$hjp ? br";n$hjp Mfpa
K:d;W k; xd;W f;Fs; xd; whf tps';Ftjhy; n$hjpa[l ;
n$hjpahfpwJ/
n$hjp = bgU";n$hjp
n$hjpa[ l; n$hjp = bghw;n$hjp
n$hjpa[ l; n$hjpapd; brhU:gnk = br";n$hjp
bgU";n$hjp Mjp ? br";n$hjpna me;jk; vd;W

mUspa mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
,e;j rpw;n$hjpapd; ,aYU Mjp

me;jk; vd;wUspa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (266)
,Jtiu njhd; wpa mUshsh;fs; ,iwtidg; gw;gy

cUt';f spy; ,Ug;gjhff; fhl;o dh;/ xt;bthU rkaj;jpYk;
gyg;gy bja;t'; fisf; fhl;oa[s ; sdh;/ cjhuzkhfr;
irtj;jpny tpehafh; Kjypy; tHpghL flt[shft[k ;
rptbgUkhd; Kothd guk;bghUshft[ k; tFf;fg;g l;Ls; sJ/
,e;jj; bja;t cUt';fs; vy;yhk; Kd;d hy; njhd;wpa
mUshsh;fshYk; "hdpfshYk; vt;thW njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl; ld
vd;w cz;ikia ts;s w; bgUkhdhh; fz;lwpe;j hh;/ me;j
cz;ikahdJ vd;d btdpy; jpUr;r pw;w k;gykhfpa ekJ g[Ut
kj;jpapy; xspahff; fhl;rp jUtJ vJnth mijj;jhd;
g[wj;nj xt;bthU rkaKk; j';fs; j';fs; bja;tkhff;
fhl;odhh;f s; vd;gnj/
Mjp me;jk; vd;W TWtbjy;yhk; ,e;jr; rpw; wk;gy
n$hjpapd; jd;ikahd cUt';fns vd;W mUspa
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
vy;yh tot'; fSk; rpw;wk;gyj;nj njhd;Wk; n$hjpapd;
tpsf;fnk vd;gjw;F Mjhuk; :
121
irt Kjyhf ehl;L k; gy

rka';fbsy;y hk; jdpj; jdpf; fhl;L k;
bja;tkpJ te;J ghhP h; jpUr;
rpw;wk;gyj; nj jpUeln$hjp/
(jpUtUl;g h 4605)
kw;WbkhU Mjhuk; :
vk;bghUs; vk;bghUs; vd; nw brhy;Y k;

vy;yhr; rkaj;Js; vy;yhh;f;Fk; xd;nw
brk;bghUs; vd;gJ ghhPh; ? jpUr;
rpw;wk;gyj; nj jpUel n$hjp/
(jpUtUl;g h 4604)
bfhoapilg; bgz;ngjha; eP mk;g yj;nj eof;Fk;

goaplj;n j thdplj; nj ghjyj;n j mz; l
gfpuz;l nfhoapny gjp tpsf;f bky; yhk;
mokyh; bfhz;L Iah; bra;a[ k; jpUf; T j;jpd; tpsf;fk;
MFkpJ rj;jpak; vd;wUkiw Mfk';f s;
nfl;lwpe;J bfhs;tha; epd; thl;lbkyhe;jtph; e;nj
(jpUtUl;g h 5760)
M jpa[k; me;jKk; mwpe;jid ePna

Mjp vd;wUspa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (268)
gpuk tpc&;Qqf;fs; Tlf; fz;lwpa Koahj ,iwtdpd;

mo Koia ts;syhh; fz;L bfhz;lhh;/ ,iwtdpd;
Mjpa[k; me; jKk; xt;bthUtUila mf mDgtj; jpy;
kl;Lnk fz;l wpaf; TLk;/
,iwtdpd; Mjp vd;gJ Muk;g epiy ? mjhtJ
guehjj; nj njhd;W k; ngbuhsp/ ,iwtdpd; me;jk; vd;gJ
Kotpny njhd;W k; brt; bthsp/ ,Jtiu ,e;j cz;i kiaf;
122
fz;lwpahJ gyh; gy tpjkhff; FUlh; fs; ahidiaf; fz; l

fij nghny Twpte; Js;sdh;/
Mjpahfpa bgU";n$hjpiaa[k; me; jkhfpa brt;bthspiaa[ k ;
ePna mwpe;jha;/ ,ij mwpe; j Kjy; mUshsDk; ePna
Mdha;/ vdnt ,iwtid mwpe; j cz;ik mwpthspfspy;
ePna Mjp Mfpwha; vd;W mUspa mUl;bgU"; n$hjp/
ts; syhh; mo Ko fz;l hh; vd;gjw;F Mjhuk; :

me;njh <jjprak; <jjprak; vd; g[fy;n td;
mwptwpahr; rpwpnaid mwptwpar; bra;n j
,e;njh';F rilKo epd; mo Koa[';f hl;o
,J fhl;o mJ fhl;o vd; epiya['; fhl;or;
re;njhl rpj;jh;fs; jk; jdpr; N: J';f hl; or;
rhfhj epiy fhl;or; rf$ epiy fhl; o
te;njhL epfh; kdk; ngha;f; fiue;j ,l';fhl;o
kfpH;tpj;jha; epd; mUspd; tz;ik vth;f;Fsnj
(jpUtUl;g h 3038)
ey;yKJ vd; xU eht[s';fhl;o vd;

my;yiy
iy ePf;fpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (270)
kjp kz;l yj;j Kjk; vd;W brhy;yf; Toa bjs;s Kjk;

ehtpny ,dpf;ff; fpilj;jJ/ ,iwtd; me;j mKjj;i jf;
fhl;odhd;/
jpUmUl;gh vd;w ftp mKjKk; mtuJ ehtpny
Rue;jJ/ ey;y mKjkhfpa bjs; sKija[k ; jpUmUl;gh
vd;w (kw;wth;fis thH;tpf;F k;) mKija[k; vdJ ehtpny
fhl;o vdJ gpwtpahfpa my;yiy eP f; fpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
ts;syhh; mKjk; cz; lhh; vd;gjw;Fhpa Mjhuk; :
cs; spUs; eP ';fpw;W vd; cs;bshsp X'; fpw;W

bjs;sKJz;n lbdd;We;jP gw
jpj;jpf;f t[z;n l bdd;We; jP gw
123
fs;Sz;lhbsdg; g[ fd;w hh; fdfrig eLnt

fz;lJz;L rpw;rigapy; cz;lJKz;l o ehd;
vs;Sz;l gytplaj;J ,wf;F';fs; sd;n w
vd;W k; ,wth epiyapy; ,Uj;J ';fs; cyfhh;
cs;Sz;l nghJ kaf;Fw; wpLk; fs; mynt
cs;s kaf;fidj;j pida[ k; xHpj; jpL'; fs; kltha;
ms;Sz; l gpwUk; vid mLj;jLj;Jf; fz;lhy;
mwpt[ jUk; mth;f;F kp'; nf ahDz;l fs;ns/
(jpUtUl;g h 5725)
mk;i kiaf; fz;n ld; mtsUs; bfhz; nld;
mKjKk; cz;nldo mk;kh
mKjKk; cz;nldo
ts;syhh; ehtpypUe; J btspg;gl; l jpUtUl;gh. mKjk;
vd;gjw;F r; rhd;W /
mz;l bkyh'; file;b jLj;j mKjbkd;nfh Ia';f udhh;f;F

mudhhPe;j
kz;L Ritf; fdpbad;nfh ts;s pKdk; ntl; fspj; j
kiyj;n jd; vd;n fh
fz;lth; fs; mjprapf; ff; ftp bghHpa[k ; ,uhkyp';f f; flt[s;
"hdp
jz;lkpHhYiuj;j jpUtUl;ghtpd; Ritajidr;
rhw;W';f hny/
mKjk; cz; ljhy; ts; syhh; njfk;
bghd;Dlk;ghapw;W vd;gjw;F Mjhuk; :
tpiue;J tpiue;J go fle;njd; nkw;g hy; mKjk;

tpae;Jz; nld;
fiue;J fiue;J kdKUff; fz;z Ph; bgUff; fUj; jyh; e;nj
tiue;J "hd kzk; bgh'; f kzpkd; wuirf; fz;L
bfhz;n ld;
jpiue; J befpH; e;j njhYlk;g[k ; brGk; bghd; clk;gha; j;
jpfH;e ;njnd
(jpUtUl;g h 5482)
124
fw;g fk; vd;D sk; ifjdpy; bfhLj;nj

mw;g [jk; ,aw;bwDk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (272)
fw;gfk; vd;gJ vijf; nfl;l hYk; juf;Toa njtjU

vd;W g[uhz';TWk;/
ahh; vijf; nfl; lhYk; ,y;iy vd;dhJ
juf;Toa fw;gf jUtpd; Mw;wiy vd; cs;s'; ifjdpy;
mspj; Jg; gy mw;g[j ';fis elj;jpf; fhl;L vd; w
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
Fwpg;g[ : ,y;iy vd; dhJ ,Lfpd;w jpwk; ts;syhh;

bgw;wjw;F Mjhuk;/
vy; yhKk; bra;a ty; y jdpj; jiyth; bghJtpy;

,Ue;J elk;g [hpfpd;w mUl;bgU";n$hjpapdhh;
ey;yha; ed; dhl; lhh; fs; vy;y hUk; mwpa
ez;zp vid kzk; g[hpe;jhh; g[z ;zpadhujdhy;
,y;yhik vdf;fpy;iy vy; yhh; f;Fk; jUntd;
vd;Dila bgU"; bry;t k; vd; g[f y;ntdk;kh
bry;yhj mz;lkl;nlh mg;g [wj; jg;ghYk;
rpt"hdg; bgU"; bry;t k; rpwg;gJ fz;l wpna
(jpUtUl;g h 5740)
fjph; eyk; vd; ,U fz;fspy; bfhLj;nj

mjprak; ,aw;bwDk; mUl;
m Ul;bgU";n$hjp (274)
ed;ikna bra;fpd;w gpufhrj;ij xsp tPr;i r

vd;Dila ,uz;L fz;fspYk; mspj;J mjpra'; fs; gy
,aw;W f vd;w mUl; bgU"; n$hjp/
Fwpg;g[ : milahW gpuk;k "hd r';f j;jhh; f;F bjh/

ntyha[jdhh; mspj;j thf; FK:yj;j py;
TwpapUg;gJ/
mtuJ (ts;syhhpd;) ghh;it xd;nw khkprk; cz;Qqk;
gHf;fj; ij xHpf; fg; nghJkhdjha; ,Ue;jJ/
125
@mth; (ts;syhh;) ePz ;l ehrpa[k; bghwp gwf;Fk;

fz;fSk; cilath;/
jd;idg; gw;wp ts;s yhnu TwpapUg;gJ/
@vd;D ila ghh;it mz;l hz;l ';fSf;F
mg;ghy; fle; jpUf;fpwJ/@
vt;t[ yFk; mz; l';f s; vj;jida[k; ehd; fhz

,t;t[yfpy; ve;ij vdf;fspj;jhd; ? vt;t[apUk;
rd;khh;f;f r'; fe;j idailar; bra;tpj; nj
vd; khh;f; fk; fhz; ngd; ,dp (jpUtUl;gh 5514)
mUs; xsp vd; jdp mwptpdpy; tphpj;nj

mUs; bewp tpsf;bfDk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (276)
ts;syhh; ve; jg; gs;spapYk; ve;j Mrhdplj; Jk; fy;tp

gapytpy;i y/ Mdhy; mtuJ mwpthw;w nyh vy; yhj;
JiwfspYk; vy;i y fle;jpUg;gij midtUk; mwpth;/
,iwtdJ mUs; xspahdJ mtuJ mwptpny gue;J
tphpe;j jhk; ? mUs; xspia mspj; jJ kl;Lkpd;wp ,e; j
cyfj;n j mUs; bewpia tpsf; Ff vd;Wk; Twpa
Fwpg;g[ : ntj';fs; Mfk';f s; Kjypa fiyfs;

vjida[k ; ts; syhh; fw;ftpy;iy/ jtj;i j
nkw;bfhz;L g{uz epiy mDgtk; mile; jhy;
vy;yhk; jhnd bjhpa[ k; vd;fpwhh; (Mjhuk;)/
fhuzkpJ g[ hpfhhpakpJ nky;

fhuz fhhpaf; fUtpJ gythk;
Muzk; Mfkk; ,it tphpj;Jiuj;j pLk;
eP mit mile;j pld; kfnd
g{uz epiy mDgt Kwpy; fzkhk;
bghGjpdp ywpjp vg;bghUs; epiyfSnk
jhuzp jdpbyd;w jat[i launr
jdp eluhr vd; rw;FU kzpna/
126
giubahsp vd; kdg; gjpapdpy; tphpj;nj

murJ ,aw;bwDk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (278)
khiaf;F vd;W k; moikaha; ,Ug;g J kdk;/ jdJ

rf;jpahfpa tpsf;f j;ij me;j kdjpw;F mspj;J me;j
Mw;wYf;F kdijna ,lkhf;fp m';nfna tps';FkhWk;
bra;J ,dp kdij mlf;f p mjid Ml; rp bra;thahf
vd;w mUl;bgU"; n$hjp/
Fwpg;g[ : kdkhfpa Fu';F midtiua[ k; Ml; rp bra;J

Ml;o itj;J f; bfhz;oUf;fpwJ/ jpUtUs;
ts;syhUf;Fj; Jiz bra; jJ ? giu vd;gJ
rf;jp ? Mw;wy; ? ts;syhhpd; kdjpny ,iw
rf;jp ? ,iw Mw;w y; goe;jJ ? kdij mth;
mlf;f pj; jd; trg;gLj;j pdhh;/ Mjhuk;
kdbkDnkhh; nga; f; Fu';F kilg;gany

kw;wth; nghy; vid epidj;J kUl;lhnj fz;l ha;
,dKw vd; brhy;t Hpna ,Uj; jp vdpy; Rfkha;
,Ue;j pL eP vd; brhy;tHp Vw;w piy ahdhnyh
jpidast[ d; mjpfhuk; bry;ybthl;nld; cyfk;
rphpf; ft[id mlf;fpLntd; jpUtUshy; fzj;n j
edtpbyidawpahnah ahbud ,';f pUe; jha;
"hdrigj; jiytDf;F ey;y gps;i s ehnd/
ty;yg rf;jpfs; tifbayhk; mspj;J vdJ

my;yiy ePf;fpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (280)
Kd; thpapy; kdk; ml';fpa epiy Twg;gl;lJ/ kdk;

ml';f pajpd; tpist[ vd;d >
Mw;wy; kpf;f rf; jpfs; vj;jid tif cz;; nlh mit
midj; jpida[k; mspj;J vdJ Jd;g';f is monahL
tpyf;fpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp
127
Fwpg;g[ : vy;yh Mw;wYk; bgw;w ts;syhh; jhd; bgw;w kd

epiwit vdf;fpJ nghJk; vd; w bgUkpjj;Jld;
btspg;gLj;J fpd; whh;/
ehly; bra;fpd;nwd; mUl;bgU";n$hjp ehjid vd;Dns
fz;L
Tly; bra;fpd;nwd; vz;zpa vy; yhk; Tolf; Fytp
,d;g[Utha;
Mly; bra;fpd;nwd; rpj;b jy;y hk; ty;yhd; mk;gyk;
jd;idna Fwpj;Jg;
ghly; bra;fpd;nwd; vdf;fpJ nghJk; gz;zpa jtk;
gypj;jJnt (jpUtUl;gh 4732)
Mhpay; mfk; g[wk; mfg;g [wk; g[wg;g [wk;

MuKJ vdf;fUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (282)
mfk; /; Md;kh ? Md;k h jdpj;jpUf; Fk; ?

Md;khfhrk; bghw;r ig ? fdfrigapy;
njhd;W k; fhl;rp mf mKjk;/
mfg;g[wk; /; $Ptd; ? $Ptd; kdk; Kjypa me;jf;
fuzf;T l;lj;jpd; kj;jpapypUf;Fk;/ $P thfhrk;
rpw;rig/ rpw; rigapy; cz;Qqk; bjs; sKjnk
mfg;g[w mKjk;/
g[wk; /; fuz';f s; ? rhjid gapY'; fhy; ehf;F
Edpapy;. kj;jpapy;. moapy;. nkYk; cs;
ehf;foapy; CWk; mKjk; ? ,it g[w
mKjkhk;/
g[wg;g[wk; /; ,e;jphpa';f s; ? tpah;itna g[wg;g[ w mKjkhk;/
rpwg;g[ tha;e;j mf mKjk;. mfg;g[ w mKjk;. g[w

mKjk;. g[wg;g[w mKjk; Mfpa ehd;i fa[k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp
Mz;ltnu vdf;fUs;tPuhf/
128
N:h pa re;jpu n$hjpa[l; n$hjp vd;W

Mhpah; g[fH;
fH; jUk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (284)
N:hpad; xU n$hjp ? re;jpud; xU n$hjp / ,e;j

,uz;L n$hjpfSf;Fs;n sa[k; tps'; Ffpd;w n$hjp vd;W
ntj';fis ed;F fw;n whh; g[fH;e ;J ngRkhW tps';Ffpd;w
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
Mjhuk;/ ;
re; jpu N:hpah; xsp bgwtps';F k;

jdp mUl; bgUbtspj; jyj; bjG";Rlnu
te;jpu tpil vdf; fUsKjkspj;nj
thH;f vd;wUspa thH;Kjw; bghUns
ke;jpunk vid tsh;f; fpd; w kUe;nj
khepyj;jpil vid tUtpj;j gjpna
je;jpuk; ahita[k; cila bka;g; bghUns
jdp eluhr vd; rw;FUkzpna
(jpUtUl;g h 3701)
gpwpnt jpdp cidg; gpoj;jdk;

dk; cdf;F ek;
mwpnt tobtDk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (286)
gpwpt[ = vd;gJ gphpt[ vd;w brhy;iyna Fwpf;F k;/
cd;id tpl;L ,dpg;gphpa khl;nld; ? cd;i d ehd;

ed;F gw;w pf;bfhz;n ld; ? cdf;F vd; mwpnt totkhf
tps';Fk; vd; w mUl;bgU";n $hjp.
129
Fwpg;g[ : ,dp cd;i dg; gphpa khl; nld; vd;why; ts;syhiu

tpl;L ,jw;F Kd; gphpe; jpUe;jhdh ? Mk; ?
Mjhuk;.
jdpj;j guehj Koj; jyj;jpd; kpirj; jyj;n j

jiytbuy;yhk; tz';f epd;w jiytd; eluhrd;
,dpj;j Rfk; mwpe; J bfhsh ,sk; gUte;jdpny
vd; g[Ut eL ,Ue;j hd; gpd;g[ fz;nldpy;iy
mdpj; j kpyh ,r; rhpjk; Mh;f;Fiug; ngde;njh
mtdwpthd; ehdwpntd; may; mwpthUsnuh
Jdpj;j epiy tpLj;bjhUfhy; Rj;j epiy mjdpy;
Rf';fz;Lk; tpLntndh brhy;y hbad; njhHp
(jpUtUl;g h 3026)
gphptpy; yhJ fye; Jtpl;l jw;F Mjhuk;/ ;
vd;D iuf; nfd; vd;Diuf;n fd; ,e;j mjprae;jd; id

vk;kndhh;f hs;
bghd;Diuf;Fk; kzpkd;wpy; jpUeldk; g[hpfpd; w g[epjd;
vd;Ds;
kpd;Diuf;Fk;g of; fye;j hd; gphpahky; tps';Ffpd;w hd;
bka;k;i kahd
jd;Diuf;Fk; vd;D iuf;Fk; rkurk; bra;
jUs;f pd;w hd; rfj;j pd; kPnj
(jpUtUl;g h 5444)
v";nry; cyfpdpy; ahbjhd;W gw;wpa[k;

m";nry; vd;wUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (288)
gphpt[ vd;gnj ,y;y hJ ,iwtd; jd; Dld; fye;jij

Kd; thpapy; mwptpj;j hh;; njhd;wpaJ kiwa[k ; ? gpwe;jJ
,wf;Fk; ? vy;y hnk mHpaf;T oaitjhd;/ vJt[nk
130
kp";Rtjpy;i y/ ,g;gog;gl;l cyfpy; vijg; gw;w pa[k; m";r

ntz;lhk; vd;W mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu vdf;f Us;
bra;tPuhf/
glkhl;nld; Jah; rpwpJk; glkhl;nld; ,dp ehd;

gag;glt[k; khl;nld; cd; gjj;Jizna gpoj;n jd;
tplkhl; nld; Vkhe;J tpl khl;n ld; fz; Oh;
bka;k;i kapJ Ek;khiz tpsk;gpdDk;k onad;
bflkhl;nld; gpwh; bkhHpfs; nfl;o lt[k; khl;n ld;
fpsbuhsp mk;gyj;jhly; tsbuhsp Ek;k y;yhy;
elkhl; nld; vd;D sj;n j ehd; rhfkhl;n ld;
ey;y jpUtUshny ehd; jhd; Mndnd/
khz;L Hyh tif te;jps';fhiyna

Mz;L bfhz;lUspa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (290)
vjw;Fk; gag;gl ntz;l hk; vd;W Kd; thpapy;

Twg;gl;lJ/ vija[k; m";rhky; vjph; f;fyhk;/ kuzj;ij
vjph;j ;J bty;y Koa[kh> mjw;F m"; rhjth; cz; lh> rpW
gpuhaj;j pnyna mk; kuzk; jLf;fg;g l;lij ,e;j thpapy;
TWfpd;whh;/
nftyhjpfhu kuzj;ij mile;J kWgo gpwtp vLj;J
,t;thW bjhlh;e; J khs;t Jk; gpwg;g Jkhfr; rpf;f pj; jtpf;f
tplhky; ,sk; gpuhaj;jpnyna Ml; bfhz;L mUs; mspj;j
Fwpg;g[ : ,sk; gpuhakhfpa xd;gjhk; tajpnyna

,iwtdhy; ts;syhh; Ml;bfhs;sg;gl; lhh;
vd;gjw;F Mjhuk;/
ntz;lhUsnuh epd;dUis nknyhud;wpf; fPn HhUk;
<z;lhh;tjw;F ntz; oduhy; ,d;W g[jpnjh ahd; ntz; ly;
J}z;lhtpsf; nf jpUg;bghJtpy; n$hjpkzpna MbwhL
K:d;whz;lhtjpnyKd; vd;i d Mz;lha; fUiz mspj;j Uns
(jpUtUl;g h 3597)
131
gw;W fs; midj;ija[k; gw;wwj; jtph;j;J vdJ

mw;wKk; ePf;fpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (292)
kdjpny vd;bdd;d Mirfs; vGnkh mt;t st[

Mirfisa[k; rpwpJk; ,y;yhjthW ePf;fpaJld; vdJ
Fw;w';f isa[k ; jtph;j; j mUl;bgU";n $hjp Mz;ltnu/
rhpia Xh; ehd;Fk; fphpia Xh; ehd;Fk; rhw;w pLk;

nahfnkhh; ehd;Fk;
g[hpat[k; gj';f s; bghUe;jt[k; vdJ g[e; jpapy; Mir
rw;wwpnad;
bghpanjhh; "hdk; ehd;fpDk; Mir bgw;wpnyd; Kj;jp
bgw;wplt[k;
chpanjhh; ,r;ir vdf;fpy;iy vd;w d; cs;sk; eP
mwpe; jnj ve;j ha; (jpUtUl;gh 3399)
,wf;ft[k ; Mir ,y;iy ,g;go ehd; ,Uf;ft[k; Mir

,d;wp ehd;
gpwf;ft[ k; Mir ,iy cybfy; yhk; bghpath; bghpath;
vdnt
rpwf;ft[k; Mir ,iy tprpj;jpu';fs; bra;at[k; Mir
xd;wpiy
Jwf;ft[ k; Mirapiy Jauile; J J}';ft[k; Mir
xd;wpiyna (jpUtUl;gh 3400)
rkak; Fy Kjy; rhh;bgyhk; tpLj;j

mkak; njhd;wpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (294)
kdpj rKjhak; $hjp rkak; kjk; Kjypa gyntW

ghFghLfshy; gpst[gl; nl thH;e;J bfhz;o Uf; fpd;w J/
xt;bthU kdpjDk; VjhtJ xU rkak; my;yJ Fyk;
Kjypa Vnjh xd;i wr; rhh; e;J ,Ug;gnj cz;i k/
rkak; Fyk; Kjyhd rhh;g[fis tpl;lt[ ld;
njhd;w p mUspa mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
132
$hjp rkar; rHf; if tpl;nld; mUs;

n$hjpiaf; fz;nldo mf;f r;rp
n$hjpiaf; fz;nldo/
tha;jw; Fhpj;bjDk; kiw Mfk';fshy;

Ma;jw; fhpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (296)
miltjw;FhpaJjhd; vd;W TWfpd;w ntj';fSk;

Mfk';fSk; Tl Muha;e; J fhz;gjw;F Koahjjha; tps';F k;
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
gh apu khkiw mde;jk; ,d;Dk;

ghh;j;j se;J fhz;Lk; vdg; gy; fhy; nktp
Mapuk; Mapuk; Kf';fshYk; gd;dhs;
mse;J mse;J Xh; mQqj;Jiza[k; mst[ fhzh
njapu'; fp mGJ rpt rpt vd;nw';fpj;
jpUk;g mUl;bgUbtsp thH; rptnk <d; w
jhapu'; fp tsh;g;gJ nghy; vk;nghy;thiuj;
jz;zUshy; tsh;j ;bjd;Wk; jh';Fk; njnt
(jpUtUl;g h 2131)
vy;yhk; ty;y rpj;J vdf;fspj;J vdf;F id

my;yhjpiybaDk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (298)
nehthJ nehd;g[ vidg; nghy; nehw; w tUk; v";"hd;Wk;

nguUis vd;nghyg; bgw;wtUk; vt;t [y fpy;
ahUsh; eP rw;nw miw
(jpUtUl;g h 5624)
,e;j tpdhit ts;s yhh; ,iwtdplk; nfl;l hh;/

,iwtd; ,e;j tpdhtpw;F mspj;j gjpy;jhd; ,e; j mfty;
thp/
ve;j cyfj;jpYk; njog; ghh;j; njd;/ cd;idj; jtpu
ntW ahUk; vdf;F f; fpilf;ftpy;iy vd;W Twp ve;j xU
133
rpj;jp ty;ygj;j hy; kw;w vy; yhr; rpj;Jf; fisa[ k; ,aw; w

Koa[nkh me;j kh ty; ygr; rpj; ij vdf;F mspj;j
Fwpg;g[ : ts;syhUf;F <L ,izahf vt;t [yfpYk;
ahUk; ,y;iy vd ,iwtnd rhd;W
jUtJ ek; bgUkhdhhpd; mstw;w
bgUikf;F Xh; vLj;J f;fhl;L /
eitapyh csj;jpy; ehoa ehoa
mitbayhk; mspf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (300)
ve;j cs; skhdJ Mirfis monahnl mWj; J
epuhir vDk;goapy; epw;f pwnjh me;j cs;sk; vijbaij
ehLfpd; wnjh mtw;i wbay; yhk; mspf; f pd;w mUl;bgU";n$hjp
Mz;ltnu/
Fwpg;g[: epuhir bfhz; nlhh; cs;s k; jdf; bfd xd;iwa[ k ;
tpUk;ghJ/ mjhtJ mfg;g w;W eP' ;fpapUf;Fk;/ mnj
neuj;j py; gpw $Ptd;fspd; Jd;g'; fs; eP ';ft[ k ;
mitfs; kfpH;t[ ld; thHt[ k; tpUk;g[k;. mJ
g[wg;gw;W / mjhtJ epuhir bfhz;n lhh; kdjpny
mfg;gw;W (jdf;bfd) ,Uf;f hJ/ Mdhy; g[wg;gw;W
(kw;wth; fl;f hf) ,Uf;Fk;/ mfg;gw;w Wj;njhh; gpw
$Ptd;fspd; Jah; Jilf;f tpUk; gpdhy; me; j
tpUg;gk; ,iwaUshy; ifTLk;/
epuhir bfhz; l ts;syhh; mfg;gw;iw mWj;jhh; g[wg;gw;iw
mWf;ftpy;iy vd;gjw;F Mjhuk;/
kwg;gw;w be";r pil thH;f pd;w ts;sy;
kyg;gw;wWj; jth; thH;j ;Jk; kzhsh;
rpwg;g[w; w k';ifah; jk;bkhLk; ehd;j hd;
rpw;wk;gyk; ghor; bry;fpd;wnghJ
g[wg;gw;wfw;wj; bjhl';f hj bgz;nz
g[iy mfg;gw;iw mWj; jha; epdf;nf
,wg;gw;w bjd; fpd; whh; vd; do mk;k h
vd;if gpof; fpd; whh; vd;d o mk;kh/ (5678)
134
Tw;W ijj;J vd;ghy; Fw;wKk; Fz';bfhz;L

Mw;wd; kpf;fspj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (302)
mUl; bgU";n $hjp Mz;ltnu vdf;F Vw;glf; Toa

kuzj;i j xHpj;Jtpl;l Oh;f s;/ vd; d plkpUe;j Fw;w'; fs;
midj; jpida[k; Fzkhff; bfhz;L mUspdPh ;fs;/ rpj;jp
ty;yg';f s; midj;jpida[k ; mjpfkhfnt vdf;F mspj; J
tpl; Oh ;fs;/
ed;wwptwpah ehapndd; jida[k;

md;W te;jhz;l mUl;bgU";n$hjp (304)
ey;y mwpt[ ,d;d bjd mwpahJ eha;f;Fr; rkkhf

,Ue;j vd;idr; rpW tajpnyna kfpH;t[ld; te;J jLj;J
Ml;bfhz;l mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
ehapDk; filnad; <apDk; ,Hpe;njd;

MapDk; mUspa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (306)
ehapD'; filnad; vd;W ehia Vd; xg;gpl ntz;Lk;/

xUtd; jpwikahf khWntlk; mzpe;J bfhz;lhy; jd;
kidtp. kf;fisf; Tl Vkhw; wp tplyhk;/ Mdhy; mtd;
tsh;f;Fk; ehia kl;Lk; Vkhw;w KoahJ/ ve;j epiyapYk;
ehahdJ jd; v$khdidf; fz; L bfhs;Sk;/ ek;
v$khddhfpa ,iwtid ek;khy; fz;L bfhs;s
Koatpy;i yna/ ,ij kdjpy; bfhz;Ljhd; ehapDk;
filnad; vd; whnuh!
mLj;jJ <apDk; ,Hpe;njd; vd;w hh;/ <ahdJ kyj;jpd;
kPJk; cl;fhUk;/ mUnf cs;s ntW gz;lj;jpd; kP Jk;
cl;fhUk;/ cah; e;j bghUbsd;Wk; jhH;e; j bghUbsd;Wk;
ghuhJ midj;j pida[ k; xd; whfnt mjhtJ rkkhfnt
ghtpf;Fk; cah;e;j Fzk; cz;L/ ehk; mt;thwpd;wp
cah;e;j J vd;W k; jhH;e; jJ vd;Wk; ghFghL fhz;gjhy;jhd;
<apDk; ,Hpe; njd; vd; whnuh!
135
fPH;g;gl; l ehapDk; fPH;g;gl;ltdhf kyj; jpil bkha;f;Fk;

<iatpl ,Hpe;jtdhf ,Ue;Jk; mUsspj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp !
njhj;jpuk; g[fnyd; ghj;jpuky;nyd;

Mj;jpuk; mspj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp$hjp (308)
cd;idg; g[ fH;e ;J njhj;j puk; bra;j jpy; iy/ cd; mUs;

milag; gf;jpapYk; xGf;fj;jpYk; rpwe;J tps';f f;Toa
mUfij cilatDky;y/ MapDk; cd;id mile;nj jPu
ntz;Lk; vd;w Miria kpf kpf mjpfkhf
mUl; bgU";n $hjp Mz; ltuhfpa jh';fns vdf;F mspj;j Pnu/
Mj;jpuk; vd;gJ mjpf ntfj; ijf; Fwpf;F k;
brhy;y hf ,';n f gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls; sJ/ cjhuzkhfg;
grpnahL cs;s xUtDf;F czt[ gilf;fpnwhk;/ rhk;ghh;
nghLtjw;Fs; mtd; rhjj; ij vLj; J thapy; itf;fpwhd;/
mtDf;F vt;tst[ Mj;jpuk; ghU';f! rhk;ghh;
nghlwJf;Fs;n s nrhw; iwj; jpd;f pwhd; vd;gJ gHf;f k;/
Mj;jpuk; vd; w brhy; mtruk;/ mjpf ntfk; vd;W
bghUs;gLk;/
vr;nrhjidfSk; ,aw;whJ vdf;nf

mr;nrh vd;wUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (310)
gf;jidr; nrhjpg;gJ ,iwtdJ tHf;fkhk;/ me;j
tpjj;jpy; vd;id ve; jtpjr; nrhjidf;Fk; Mshf; fhky; vd;
kPJ kdkpu';fp Inah ghtk; vd;W vz;zp mUl; bgU";n $hjp
Mz;ltnu vdf;F mUisj; jUtPuhf/
Fwpg;g[ : nrhjpf;f ntz;lhk; vd;W ,iwtid

ntz;Lfpd;w jpUmUl;gh/
Mjpna jpU mk;gyj; jhly; bra;aunr
ePjpna vy;y hk; ty;yth epide;n j
Xjpna czh;j w;fhpjhfpa xUthd;
n$hjpna vidr; nrhjpnay; nrhjpnay; ,dpna
136
Vwh epiy eL Vw;wp vd;wid <z;L

MwhW flj;jpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (312)
Kd; thpapny nrhjpf; fhky; mUs;ju ntz;Lk; vd;W

ntz;lg;gl; lJ/
,Jtiu ve;j "hdpfSk; rpj;j h;fSk; vl; l Koahj
mDgt epiyapy; vd;id Vw;wp mj;Jld; epy;yhJ
Kg;gj;jhW jj;Jt';f isa[k ; ehd; flf;FkhW mUspa
Fwpg;g[ : cUj;j puh; fs;. ehuzh;fs;. gpuk;kh;fs;. Kdpth;fs;

Kjypnahh; ahtUk; fhz Koahj cs;bshspapd;
mirthfpa eluhr eldj;i j ts;syhh; fz; lhh;
vd;gjw;F Mjhuk;/
cUj;jpuh;fs; xU nfho ehuzh; gy;nfho

cWgpukh; gy nfho ,e;jpuh; gy; nfho
ngrpy; mde;j'; nfho M';f h';n f Toj;
jpUj; jKW jpUr; rigapd; gog;g[wj;nj epd;W
jpa';Ffpd;whh; el';f hQqk; rpe;ij auhae;njh
tUj;jk; xd;W ';fhzhnj ehd; xUj;jp nawp
khel'; fhz; fpd; nwd; vd; khjte;jhd; bghpnj
(jpUtUl;g h 5776)
jhgj; Jauk; jtph;j;J cyFWk; vy;yh

Mgj;J k; ePf;fpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (314)
jhgk; vd;gJ Vf;f k;/ me;j Vf; fj;jpdhy; tUk;

Jd;gnk jhgj;Jauk;/ VjhtJ xd; wpd; kP J Mir Vw;gl;L
mJ fpl;Lk; tiu cz;lhFk; Vf; fk; bgUe;Jd;g khFk;/
jhgj; Jauk; jtph; j;J vd;fpwhh;/
ve;jg; bghUspd; kP Jk; ,r; ir bfhs;tjpy;y hky;
epuhir bfhz; l kdjpy; jhgk; Vw;g l tHpapy;iy/ kdij
137
epuhir bfhs;Sk;gor; bra; Jbfhs;nthh;f;Fj; jhgj; Jauk;

eP';fptpLk;/
mUs; Jiz bgw;nwhh; kdjpy; njhd;Wk; Mirfs;
midj; Jk; epiwntWk;/ mg;go Mirfs; clDf;Fld;
epiwntwpdhYk; jhgnkh mjdhy; tUk; Jaunkh
cz;lhtjpy;i y/
ehfhpfKk; tp";"hd tsh; r;rpa[k; trjpfisg;
bgUf;FtnjhL Mgj;J f;fisa[k; bgUf;fp tUtijf;
fz;Tlhff; fhz;fpnwhk;/ kpd;r huk; ,d;w paikahj xd;W/
Mgj;Jk; mjpy; ,y; yhkypy;i y/ kpd;rhuk; jhf;fp
vt;tsnth ngh; caphpHe;J s;sdh;/ tpkhdk; trjpjhd;/
tpkhd tpgj;jpy; caphpHe;njhh; Vuhsk;/ ,t;thW Mgj;Jf; fs;
epiwe; j cyfpy; ehk; thH; e;J bfhz;o Uf;f pnwhk;/
Mgj;Jf; fs; ek;ik mQqfhtz;z k; bra;J bfhs; s Koa[ k ;
vd;fpwhh; ts;syhh;/ jpUr;rpw;wk;gyj; jtk; bra;nthiu
Mgj;J mQqfhJ vd; fpwhh;/
Mgj;i j eP f;fp tsh; j;nj rw;Wk;

mirahky; mtpahky; monaDsj;nj
jPgj;ij itj; jJ ghhPh; ? jpUr;
Mz;ltid mila ntz;Lk; vd; w tpUg;gk; cilnahh;f;F

mGj fz;zPh ; khWkh! Mfhuj;jpy; ,r;ir bry;Y kh
vd;fpwhh;/ mg;gog;gl;l kdjpy; cyfpay; ,r;i r vJt[k;
njhd;w hJ/ vdnt jhgnkh mjdhy; cz;lhFk; Jaunkh
Vw;glnt tHpapy;iy/ mg;gog;gl;n lhh; kdjpYk; VnjDk;
,r;ir vGk; vd;why; me;j ,r;ir gpw $Pth; fl;F ed;ik
cz;lhfr; bra;ant cz; lhFnkbahHpa mth;fl; bfd
,Uf;f hJ mg;gog;gl; l ,r;i rfs; Mz;ltd; mUshny
mt;tg;nghJ epiwntwp tpLtjhYk; jhgk; ,y; iy/
Vf;fj; jpdhy; Vw;gLk; Jauj;ijg; nghf;f p cyf
thH;tpy; cz;lhFk; Mgj;J f;fisa[ k; ePf; fpa
138
kUl;g if jtph;j;J vid thH;t pj;J vdf;nf

mUl; FUthfpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (316)
kUs; vd;gJ bgha;ahd xd;W cz; ikahdJ nghy;

njhw;w kspg;gJ MFk;/ cjhuzkhf mk;kd; g{ir elf;F ';
fhyj;j py; xUtd; rhkpahLfpwhd;/ m';fpUf;Fk; kf;fs;
me;jr; rhkpahLk; Mrhkp kPJ mk;knd te;J mtd;
ngRtijbay;yhk; mk;knd mtd; K:yk; ngRtjhf
vz;Qqfpd;whh;fs;/ rhkpahLk; egh; kPJ mk;kdh te;J
ngRfpwJ> ,y;iy/ mk;kd; mtd; kPJ te; Js;s jhft[ k ;
mk;knd ngRtjhft[k; vz;Qqfpnwhnk mJjhd; kUs;/
mk;kd; tut[k; ,y; iy/ mJ ngRtJk; ,y;iy/ tuhj
xd;iw te; jjhfr; brhy;tnj kUs;/ ekf;Fg; gif me;j
kUs;j hd;/
ntj';fs;. Mfk';f s;. g[uhz';f s;. ,jpfhr'; fs;
nghd;wit TWtbjy;y hk; cz;ikahf ele;j tuyhWfs;
my;y/ ekf;Fg; gy eP jpfisr; brhy;y te;j "hdpfshy;
fw;gidahf vGjp itf;fg;gl;l itjhd; ,itfs;/
,tw;wpy; Twg;gl;litfis mg;g ona fz; K:o j;jdkhf ek;gp
tplhjPh ;fs;/ mtw; wpYs; s cz;ikfis Ma;e ;J mwpe; J
bfhs;S';fs; vd;fpd;whh; ts;syhh;/ Md;kPf j;jpy; ek;i kr;
N:H;e; Js;s rl';Ffs;. rk;gpujha';fs; midj; Jk;
cz;ikiaf; Twte;j bgha;f ns/ ,e;j kUs; jhd;
ekf;Fg; gif/ kUs; vg;g og; gifahFk;>
Mo khjk; ? m';f hs gunk!;thp g{ir elf; fpwJ ?
xUtd; rhkpahLfpwhd;/ m'; fhs gunk!;thpna mtd; kPJ
te;Js;s jhft[ k; mtns ngRtjhft[k; midtUk;
ek;g[fpwhh; fs;/ m';fhs gunk!;thp vd;w bgz; bja;tk;
cz;ikapy; cs;sjh vd;w hy; ,y;i y/ ,y;yhj bja;tk;
vg;go te;J ngRk; > ,e;j tpsf;f k; Jspf; Tl ,y;yhky;
cz;ikapnyna m'; fhs gunk!;t hp ngRtjhf vz; zp
mtis tHpgl;L Mapuf; fzf;fhd MLfs;. khLfs;.
nfhHpfs;. gd;w pfs; Kjypad gyp vd;w bgauhy;
bfhy;yg;gLfpd; wdnt/ cz; ikia czutplhky; K: l
139
ek;gpf; if kf;f is Vkhw;WfpwJ/ vdnt kUs; ekf;Fg;

gifahdnj MFk;/
kUshfpa gifia ePf ;fp vid ed; F thH itj;J
vdf;nf mUl;FUthf tps';f p cz; ikia czh;j;J fpd; w
ts;syhUf;F ,iwtnd FUthf tps'; fpdhd;
vd;gjw;F ,d;D nkhh; Mjhuk;/
Rw; wJ kw;wt;t Hp khN:j J vd;bwz;zhj;

bjhz;l buyhk; fw;fpd;whh; gz;L kpd;Wk; fhzhh;
vw;w Jk;g[ kzp kd;w py; ,d;g elk; g[ hpa[k;
vd;Dila Jiuna ehd; epd;Dila mUshy;
bghpa jtk; g[hpe;njd; vd; bgw;wp mjprank
(jpUtUl;g h 3044)
c UtKk; mUtKk; cga Kkhfpa
mUzpiy bjhpj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (318)
,e;j cyfpy; epyt[fpd;w vy;yhr; rka';fSk;. vy;yh
kj';fSk; TWfpd; w ,iw tpsf;f j;i j xl;L bkhj;j khfr;
nrh;j; Jr; RU'; fr; brhd; dhy; cUtk; . mUtk;. cUtUtk;
vd;w K:d; wpDs; ,iw tpsf;fk; ml';fp tpLk;/ mjhtJ
rpy rka';fs; ,iwtid cUtkhf ekf;Ff; fhl;L fpd; wd/
rpy rka';f nsh ,iwtDf;F cUtk; fpilahJ ? mtd;
mUtkhdtd; vd; fpd; wd/ ,d;Dk; rpy rka';fs; ,iwtid
cUtUtd; vd; fpd; wd/
cjhuzk;
cUtk; ? irtk; TWk; rptbgUkhd;
mUtk; ? i$dh; fs; TWk; mUfh;
cUtUtk; ? rptyp';fk;
mUs; epiyia tpsf;fnt cUtkhft[ k;. mUtkhft[k;.
cUtUtkhft[k; tps'; fp mt; thW tps';Ffpd;w
140
mUs; epiyia vdf;Fj; bjhptpj; j mUl;bgU";n$hjp

Mz;ltnu/
,UsWj;J vd; csj;J vz;z pah'; fUsp

mUsKjspj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (320)
,Us; vd;gJ mwpahik
vd;Dila mwpahikia ePf;f p ehd; vz;zpa

midj; jpida[k; vz;z pathnw vdf;F mUsp mUs;
mKjj; ija[k ; mspj; j mUl;bgU";n $hjp Mz; ltnu/
,iw cz;i kiaj; bjhpe; J bfhs; shjnj mwpahik/
Kd; thpapy; ,iwtid cUtkhf mUtkhf. cUtUtkhff;
Twg;gl;lJ. ,tw;wpd; cz;ikia mwpe; J bfhz; lijj;
jhd; ,UsWj; J vd;fpwhh;/ cz;ik vJ vdpy; cUtk;.
mUtk;. cUtUtk; ,it K: d;Wnk cz;ikahd
,iwtpsf;fky;y vd;gnj/
cUtha; mUtha; cUtUtha; ,it

xd;W ky;y Ph; thhPh ;
vd;W k; ey;yP h; thhPh; (jpUtUl;g h 4396)
,iw cz; ikia czh;e; j epiyiana ,UsWj;J

vd;whh;/
vd; csj;J vz; zpah';fUsp vd;fpwhh;/ mth; vd;d
vz;zpdhh;. vij. ,iwtd; mth; vz;zpathW mUspdhd;
vd;gij ntbwhU ghlypy; tpsf;F fpd; whh;/ me;jg; ghly;/
Jd;bgyhk; jPh;e ;jd Rfk; gypj; jJ epidr;

N:H;e; jjUs; xsp epiwe; nj
Rje;jukjhdJyfpy;
td;bgyhk; eP f;fp ey;tHpbayhkhf; fp bka;
kd;Dapbuyhk; fspj;jpl epidj; jid cd;wd;
141
kdepidg;gpd; gof;nf
md;g eP bgWf cythJ ePL:H p tpis
ahLf mUl;;n $hjpahk;
Miz ek;khiz vd;nw
,d;g[wj; jpUthf; fspj;bjDs;ns fye; J
,irt[ld; ,Ue;j FUnt
vy;yhk; bra; ty; y rpj;jhfp kzp kd;w pdpy;
,y';F eluhr gjpna
(jpUtUl;g h 3676)
caph;fbsy;y hk; fspj;j pl ts;s yhh; vz;zpdhh;/ mth;

vz;zpathnw eP bgWthahf ? cd; i d (ts;syhiu) vd;Wk;
iftpnlhk; vd;W ,iwtd; MrPh;t jpj;jhh;/ ehk; ,d;g [w;W
thHntz;Lk; vd;W ts;syhh; vz; zpdhy; mth; vz; zpathnw
ehk; ,d;g[ w;W thH;nthk;/ ehk; ,d;g[ w; W thH ntz;Lk; vd;W
ts;syhh; vz; zntz;Lk;/ mth; mt;thW vz;Qqtjw;fhf
ehk; mtiug; gpuhh;j; jid bra;nthk;/ mth; fhl;oa tHp
elg;nghkhf/
bjUs; epiy ,Jbtdj; bjUl;o vd; csj;jpUe;J

mUs; epiy fhl;o a mUl;bgU";n$hjp (322)
gy nehf;f py; miye; J bfhz;oUe;j vd;Dila kdk;.

g[j;jp. rpj; jk;. mf';fhuk; Mfpa fuz';fisg; gy
nehf;f pypUe;Jk; tpLtpj;J mtw;iw xd;WgLj;j p
cz;ikepiy ,Jjhd; vd;W ed;F mwptpj;J vd;
cs;sj; jpny mkh;e; J mUs; epiy vJbtd;Wk; fhl;oa
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
ts;syhh; cs;sj; nj Mz;ltd; g[Fe; jhd;

vd;gjw;F mfr; rhd;W
142

khjtk; gd;dhs; g[h pe;J kzkhl eLnt
njdpUf;Fk; kyuiz nkw; gspf;fiwapD}nl
jpUto nrh;j ;jUs;f vdr; brg;gp tUe; jplt[k;
ey;y jpU mUsKjk; ey;f pa jd;wpa[ k; vd;
CdpUf;Fk; FoirapYk; cte;J EiHe;jonad;
cs;s bkDk; rpW Foira[s;S k; EiHe;jidna
(jpUtUl;g h 3984)
Fwpg;g[ : ,iwtd; v';fpUf;fpd;whd; vd;W nfl;l hy;

ts;syhh; cs;sj;jpny ,Uf;f pd;w hd; vd;W
Jzpthff; Twyhk;/ vdnt ,iwtd; ntW
ts;syhh; ntW vd;w epiy khwp ts;syhnu
,iwtd;
,iwtd; vd;w epiy Vw;gl;Ltpl;lJ/ vdnt
,iwtdhfnt tps';Fk; ts;syhiu tz';fpg;
bgwntz;oaijg; bgw;W f; bfhs;syhk;/
bghUl;g jbky;yhk; g[h pe;J nknyh';fpa

mUl;g jk; mspj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (324)
ehk; mila ntz;oa bghUs; gjk; / gjk; vd;gJ

mDgt epiy. vl;ouz;L mjhtJ mfhu cfhuj; ij mDgt
epiyfsp;d; Kjw;go vd;W mftypy; TWfpd;whh;/
vl; ouz; bld;gd ,aY Kw;gobad

ml;l epd; wUspa mUl;bgU";n$hjp
,e;j Kjw;go bjhl';fp gj';f s; xt;bthd;whff;

fle;J te;jhh;/
gpuk gjk; / ehgpf;Ff; fP H;

tpl;LQqgjk; / ehgp
Uj;ugjk; / mjhtJ ifyhak; = ,Ujak;
knfRugjk; / fz;lk;
143
rjhrptgjk; / mz;zhf;F
tpe;J epiy / g[Utkj;j p
,t;thW gj'; fisf; fle;J gpd; dh; ehjk;. gutpe;J.

guehjk;. jpf;fpuhe;jk;. mjpf; fpuhe;jk; . Rj;jrptk;. mjP jk;
Mfpa gjpd; K:d;W gj'; fisa[ k; ts;syhh; mile;j ijna
bghUl;gjbky;y hk; g[hpe;J vd;w bjhlh; tpsf;Ffpd;w J.
,t;thW mth; fle;jhh; vd;gjw;F Mjhuk;
fw;g{uk; bfhzh;e;j pLf jdpj; njhHp vdJ

fzth; tUjUzkpJ fz;zhW fHpg;ghk;
vw;g{j epiy mth;j k; jpUtoj; jhkiuf; fP H;
,Ug;gJ mof; fPH; ,Ug;gbjd;W epidnay; fhz;
gw;g{j epiy fle;J ehj epiyf; fg;g hy;
guehj epiyajd; nky; tps';Ffpd;w jwp eP
,w;g{it mt;tof;F f; fz;zhW fHpj; jhy;
vt;t[yfj; bjt;t[aph;f;Fk; ,dpJ eyk; jUnk
(jpUtUl;gh 5728)
bghUshfpa gj epiyfisbay;yhk; ehd; mila[k;gog;
g[hpe;J vy;yh epiyfl;Fk; nknyh';fp epw; fpd; w mUs;
tps';Fk; mjPj epiyia vdf;F mspj;j mUl;bgU"; n$hjp
Mz;ltnu/
gj';fle;J mUs;gjk; mtUf;Fr; brhe;j khapw;whk;/
Mjhuk;
gdpbuz;lhz;L bjhl';fp ,w;i wg; gfypd; tiua[nk

goapy; gl; l ghl; il epidf;fpy; kiya[ k; fiua[nk
Jdpahje;jg; ghLKGJk; Rfkjhapw;nw
Jiuna epd;b ka;aUsp';b fdf;F r; brhe; jkhapw;nw
(jpUtUl;gh 5041)
144
cUs; rflhfpa csk; rypahtif

mUs; tHp epWj;jpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (326)
cUz;L XLfpd;w rf; fuk; nghd;w jd; ika[ila vdJ

cskhdJ cyfKfg;gl; l Mirfspnyna gl;L cHd;W
fisj;Jg; nghfhkYk;. nrhh;e ;J nghfhkYk;. mYj;Jg;
nghfhkYk; mJ vg;nghJk; mUs; tHpapnyna epw;FkhW
epiy epWj;jpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz; ltnu/
g';fkile;jhh; mitiar; rhuhJ rhJf;fs; epiwe;j

rd;khh;f;f r';f j;ijr; rhh;e; J ek; bgUkhdhhpd; g[fiH
mth;fs; ngrf; nfl; fpd; w neuj;jpy; ek;Kila cs;s Kk;
kfpH;r ;rpapy; bgh';f p ,J bjhl'; fpahtJ rd; khh; f;f tHpapy;
epw;f ntz;Lk; vd;W mtht[Wfpd;w J/ mr; r'; fj;i jtpl;L
btspna te;jt[ld; ,e;j cyf Kfg;gl;l guhf;f py;
brd;W tpLfpwJ/ ,J ek;Kila mDgtk;/ ,jdhy;jhd;
cUs; rfL vd;W Twpdhh;/ Mdhy; ts;syhh; kl;Lk; ve;j
epiyf;F cah;e;j hnuh me;j epiyia tpl;Lf; fPn H
,w';fpdhhpy;iy/ mth; gofspy; Vwpdhnu xHpa
,w';ftpy;iy/ ,w';Fk; gofis Mz;ltd;
vLj;Jtpl;lhdhk; (Mjhuk;)
Vwhepiyapy; tpiue;J tpiue;J ,';bfd;id Vw;wpna

,w';fhJ ,w';Fk;g ofs; KGJk; vLj; jha; nghw;wpna
khwhf; fUiz vd;ghy; itf; f te;j bjd;i dnah
kjpapnydpd;dUl;Fr; bra; j jte;jhd; Kd; idnah
(jpUtUl;g h 4981)
btUs; kdkhia tpid ,Us; ePf;fp cs;

mUs; tpsf;nfw;wpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (328)
kdk;. khia. tpid. ,Us; vd;w ehd;F brhw; fspd;

thpir Th;e;J nehf;fj; jf;f J/ kdjpd; jd; iknah
jpifg;giljYk;. gag;gLjYk; MFk;/ ,ijj; jhd; btUs;
145
kdk; vd; whh;/ me;j kdk; khia trg;gl;L mJ khiaf;F

moikahfr; bray;gLjyhy; kdjpw;fLj;J khia
Twg;gl;lJ/ khia vd;gJ Mir. kdk; Mirapd;
trg;gl;lt[l d; me; j Miria epiwntw;w pf; bfhs;Sk;
bray;ghL njhd;WfpwJ/ me;j r; bray;ghnl fUkk;/
mjhtJ tpidahfpwJ/ ,ijf; Fwpf;fnt khiaia
mLj;J tpid vdg;gl;l J. mjdhy; tuf; Toa gyidj;
Ja;g;gJ/ mDgtpg;gJ ehd; vd;fpd; w Mztk;/ ,Us;
vd;wJ Mztnk/
jpifg;g[w ;W k;. m";r pa[k; tps';Ffpd;w kdija[k ;. mij
trg; gLj;Jfpd;w khiaiaa[k; mjd; tpistpd; brayhfpa
tpidiaa[k ; fUkj;ijr; bra;J Koj;Jtpl;l fspg;gpy;
kpjf;f pd;w ehd; vd;w Mztj;jpida[k; ePf ;fp vdf;Fs; ns
mUshfpa jPgj;i j Vw;wpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp. Mz;ltnu
khiaf;F kdk; moik vd;gjw;F Mjhuk;
khia vDk; ,utpy; tplathjid baDk;
fs;th; jhk; te;J kd moikia vGg; gp
mtidj; jkJ trkhf cst[ fz;L /////////////////
(jpUtUl;g h 2597)
,Us; vd;gJ Mztnk vd; wjw;F Mjhuk;
ep ye;b jspe;jJ fz kG';fpd Rtz ePblhsp
njhd;w pw;W nfhblhypf;fpd;w
myh;e ;jJ jhkiu Mzt ,Us; nghaHpe;jJ
fHpe;j J khia khyput[
g[yh;e; jJ bjhz; lnuhL mz; lUk; Tog;
nghw;wpnah rpt rpt nghw; wpbad;fpd;whh;
,y';FUtspj;j vd; mUl;bgU";n$hjp
vd; FUnt gs;s p vGe;jUshna
(jpUtUl;g h 4887)
kdk; epuhirahdhy;
khia ,y;iy
fUkk; ,y;iy
ehd; ,y;iy
mUs; xd; nw ,Uf;Fkhk;/
146
RUs; tphpt[ilkdr; RHbyyhk; mWj;njnj

mUs; xsp epug;gpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (330)
mUs; vd;gJ ePs khd xd;i wr; RUl; oitg;gJ/

,Uk;g[j ; jfL RUl;oitf;fg;gl;o Uf; Fk;/ gphpj;jhy; ePz;L
bfhz;n l tUk;/ ,e; j kdkhdJ RUs;nghy; tphpt[ilaJ.
vdnt RUs; tphpt[ ilkdk; vd;whh;/ Mw;wpny bts; sk; tUk;
nghJ M';fh';nf RHy; cz; lhFk;/ bts;sj;jpny kpje;J
tUk; bghUs; RHypny mfg;gl;LtpLkhdhy; me;jg; bghUs;
me;jr; RHypnyna rpf; fpf; bfhs;Sk;/ ,e;j kdKk; me;jr;
RHy; nghd;w J/ VjhtJ xU tplak; kdjpny vGkhdhy;
mjpnyna mGe;j ptpLk; ,ay;g[ ilaJ/ RUs;nghd;W
ePz;Lbfhz;Lk; RHy; nghd;W rpf;fpf; bfhz;Lk; ,Uf;fpd;w
kdij mWj;J me;j ,lj;jpny mUs; xspia KGtJkhf
epug;gpa mUl; bgU"; n$hjp Mz;ltnu.
kdk; ml';f hj jd; ikna RUs; vdg; gl;lJ/ VjhtJ
xd;wpy; kdkhdJ vg;nghJk; RHd; Wbfhz;nl ,Ug;gjhy;
kdr; RHy; vdg;gl; lJ/
tphpe;j vz;z ';fSk; RHd;Wbfhz; nl ,Uf; fpd; w
epidt[fSk; mWgl;lhy; mUs; xsp mt;tplj;nj
epuk;gptpLkhk;
tpUg;nghofYW btWg;g [k; jtph;j;nj

mUl; ngwspj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (332)
rpyiuf; fz;lhy; xUtpj tpUg;gKk; ntW rpyiuf;

fz;lhy; xUtpj btWg;g[k; ,ay;ghfnt ve;jtpjf; fhuzKk;
,y;yhky; Vw;gLtJ cz; ik/ md; whl thH;tpy; gyiur;
re;jpf;fpd;nwhk;/ rpy gy fhuz'; fshYk; xUrpyh; kPJ
tpUg;gKk;. xU rpyh; kPJ btWg;g[ k; Vw;gLfpwJ/ ,J
rhjhuz kf;fSf;Fg; bghUe;Jk;. vy;y h $Pt d;fisa[k;
jd;idg; nghynt nerpf;fpd;w "hdpfSf;F tpUg;g[ btWg;g [
vd;gnj ,Uf; fhjhk;/
147
jdf;F cgfhuk; bra;nthhplk; tpUg;gk; Vw;gLtJk;

jdf;F ,d; dy; jUnthh; kPJ btWg; g[ Vw;gLtJk; kdpj
,ay;g[. Mdhy; "hdpfl;F ,e; j epiyapYk; tpUg;g[ btWg;g [
cz;lhfhjhk;/ cjhuzj;j pw;F ts;s yhnu xU epfH; r;rpiaf;
TWfpwhh;/
Kw;W k; Jwe; j eph;thz re;ahrp xUth; rhiyapy; te;J
bfhz;o Ue;j hh;/ bgz;fs; cyht[fpd;w ,e;jr; rhiyapy;
eph;thzkhf me;jr; re;ahrp tUtijg; ghh;j;j xUtd; mth;
kPJ rpd';bfhz;L fy;y hy; moj;jhd;/ me;j tHpahf te;J
bfhz;o Ue;j kw;b whUtd; ,e;j f; fhyj;jpYk; ve;jg; gw;W k;
,y;yhj re;ahrp xUth; ,Uf; fpwhuh vd;W Mr;rhpag;gl;L
mtUf;F r; rpy gH';fisf; bfhLj;jhd;/ ,e; j ,uz;i la[k;
ghh;j;J f; bfhz;oUe;j K:d; whk; egh;. re;ahrpiaa[k; fy;yhy;
moj;jtida[k ; gHk; bfhLj;jtida[k; (K: d;W ngiua[k;)
miHj; Jf; bfhz;L ePjpgjpaplk; bfhz;L ngha; ahh; bra;jJ
rhp vd;W nfl;lhd;/ ePjpgjp re;ahrpaplk; ahh; fy; yhy;
moj;j J vd;W nfl;lhh;/ re;ahrpnah gHk; bfhLj; jtd;
fy;yhy; moj;jhd; vd;W gjpy; Twpdhh;/ clnd ePjpgjp. ahh;
gHk; bfhLj; jJ vd;W nfl;lhh;/ fy; yhy; moj;jtd; gHk;
bfhLj;j hd; vd;W re;ahrp Twpdhh;/ fy;yhy; moj;jtd;
kPJ btWg;g[k;. gHk; bfhLj;jtd; kP J tpUg;gKk; bfhs; shJ
vy;yhk; ,iwtd; bray;/ fy;y hy; moj; jJk; gHk;
bfhLj;j Jk; ,iwtd; brany vd;gJ jhd; re;ahrp epiy/
,e;jr; re;a hrpapd; epiyia ek; bgUkhdhh; bgw;w pUe; jhh;/
Xh; ghy; tpUg;gKk; kw;nwhh; ghy; ,Hpe;j FzKila
btWg;g[k; Vw;glhJ jLj;J mUshfpa bgUk; ngw; iw
mspj; j mUl;bgU";n $hjp Mz; ltnu/
mUl;ngh; jhpj;J cyfidj;J k; kyh;e;jpl

mUl; rPh ; mspj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (334)
,iwtd; ts;s yhiuj; jd; kfd; vd;W gyKiw

miHj; jhd;/ (Mjhuk;)
148
ng Uybfy;yhk; kjpf; fj; jd; gps;is

vd;bwd;idg; bgahpl;liHj;nj
rPUwr; bra;jJ ghhPh; ? jpUr;
(jpUtUl;g h 4614)
eluhr gjpkhiy ngUw;w cyfpYW rka kj

bewpbayhk; vd;W bjhl';Fk; 3677k; ghl;oy; eP vd; gps; is
Mjyhy; ,t;ntiy g[h pf vd;w pl;l dk;. kdjpy; ntbwz;zw;f
vd;W ,iwtd; TwpapUf;f pwhh;/ Mz;ltdpd; gps;isahf
ts;syhh; ,Ue; j fhuzj;jhy; mtUf; Fj; jpUtUl; gpufhr
ts;syhh; vd;w rpwg;g[g; bgah; mike;j J/
jpU mUl; gpufhrh; vd;w mUl; ngh; jhpj;J cyf
caph;fs; midj;Jk; kfpH;r;r papdhYk; ,d;gj;jpdhYk; mfk;
Kfk; ,uz;Lk; kyh; e;nj tps'; Fk;go vy; nyhiua[k;
thH;tpf; fpd; w mUl;r Ph; mspj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
,e;j kz;Qqyfpy; caph;fs;gLk; Jauj;ijf; fz; zhy;
fz;nlh fhjhy; nfl;nlh fzKk; ehd; rfpj;jplkhl;nld;/
cd; mUshy; mt;t[a ph;f s; gLk; Jd;gj;ijg; nghf; fp
mitfs; ,d;g[wr; bra;a ntz;Lk; vd;W jhd; Mz;ltdplk;
ts;syhh; nfhhpdhh;/ Mjhuk;/
kz; Qqyfjpny caph;f s; jhk; tUe;J k; tUj;j j;ij xU

rpwpbjdpDk;
fz;Qqwg; ghh;j ;Jk; brtpa[ wf; nfl;L k; fzKk; ehd;
rfpj;j pl khl;n ld;
vz;QqWk; vdf; nf epd;d Us; tyj;j hy; ,irj; j
nghjpirj;j nghbjyhk;
ez;Qqkt;t Uj;j k; jtph;f ;Fk; ey; tue; jhd; ey;Fjy;
vdf;fpr;ir ve; jha;
(jpUtUl;gh 3408)
149
cybfyhk; gut vd; cs;sj;jpUe;nj

myfpyh xsp bra; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (336)
cd; mUs; bewpahdJ cyf KGtjpYk; gut[khW vd;

cs;sj; jpDs; ns eP tPw ;wpUe;J vd;i d cd; gzp bra;a
Mshf;f pf; Fiwahj xspia mjhtJ nguwpt[ tpsf;fj;ij
vdf;fspj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
mg;gh ehd; ntz;L jy; nfl;L mUs; g[hpjy; ntz;Lk;
vd;w ghlypy;T l vg;ghUk; vg;gjKk; v';fQqk; ehd; brd;n w
ve;ij epdJ mUl;g[fiH ,ak;gpaply; ntz;Lk; vd;W
ntz;Lthh;/
jhd; bgw;w ngw;iw cyfbkyhk; bgw ntz;Lk; vd
vz;zpath;. rd; khh;f ;fbewp cybfyhk; gut eP Fiwahj
xspiaj; ju ntz;Lk; vd ntz;L fpd; whh; ,iwtdplk;/
Kd;Diu 2k; gFjp

mUl; bgU";n $hjp mftypy; Kjypy; 336 thpfs;
Kd;Diuahf mike;Js;sd vdf; fUj ,lk; mspj;j d/
367 thp Kjy; kz;. eP h;. beUg;g[. fhw;W. Mfhak; Mfpa
g";rg{j';f spd; tphpit xt;bthd;whf thpirahf
tpsf;Ffpd;whh;/ 337tJ thp Kjy; 366tJ thp tiu ,e;j
g";rg{j tphpt[fspd; Kd;Diuahf mikj;jpUf;f pd;whh;/
tpz;Qqf;F s; tpz;zhf. fhw;w pDs; fhw;whf.
beUg;gpDs; beUg;ghf. ePhpDs; ePu hf. kz;zpDs; kz;zhf
tps';FtJ mUl;bgU";n$hjpna vd;f pd;whh;/
,e;j Kd;D iuapd; Kotpy; Mfhak; rptj;jpd; tphpe;j
epiy vd;W k;. fhw;W rf;jpapd; bgUFk; epiy vd;Wk;.
beUg;g[ eL epiy tfpg;gJ vd;Wk;. miy tsh; epiy
150
ePUf;F z;bld;W k; Rj;jkhd j';fk; fpilg;gnjh g{kpapy;

vd;W k; tpsf;Ffpd;w hh;/
Kd;Diuapd; tpsf;f j;ij Kjypy; fhzyhk;/
g";r g{j'; fshft[k; ,iwtnd tps';F fpd;whd;/
thnd mt;thDyt[k; fhw;nw fhw;w pd; tU beUg;ng beUg;g[W
ePh;tont ePh pw;
whnda[k ; g[tpna mg;g[t papy; j';F k; jhgunk r';fknk
rhw;Wfpd;w
Cnd ey;Yapnu cs; bshspna cs; sj;J czh;nt mt;t[ zh;t[
fye;J CWfpd; w
njnd Kf;fdpna br';f Uk;ng ghfpd; jP";Ritna Rit
midj; Jk; jpuz;l njnt
(kfhnjt khiy 25)
Mfhak; ? btsp ? Koepiy

fhw;W ? ,ileL ? fileL ,e;j mikg;g[ ek;
beUg;g[ ? eL bgUkhdhhpd;
mwpthw;wYf;nfhh;
ePh; ? mo eL cjhuzk;
kz; ? mo
tpz;z pDs; tpz;zha; tpz;zL tpz;zha;

mz;z p epiwe;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (338)
tpz; vd;gJ Mfhak; ? Mfhak; vd;gnjh njhw;wg;glhj

xU bghUs; ? ,iwtDk; mjDs;ns njhw;wkpy;yhky;
,Ug;gjhy; tpz; zpDs; tpz; zha; tps';Ffpd; whd;/ mjhtJ
tpz;Qqs; btspaha; ,iwtd; tps';F fpd;whd;/
ve;j xd; iwa[k ; me; jhpf;ff; Toa rf;jp. Mw;w y;
tpz;Qqf;F cs; sJ/ me; j Mw;wYk; njhw;wkpy;yhj xd;nw/
vdnt mjid. me;j me;j hpf;F k; Mw;wiyna tpz; eL
tpz;zha; vd; whh;/
151
tpz;Qqf;F s;ns btspaha[k; me; j tpz;z pDs;

me;jhpf;Fk; Mw;wyha[k; gphptw;W epiwe;J tps';Ffpd;w
tpz;zpDs; btsp vd;gjw;F Mjhuk; :
tpz;nz tpz;QqUnt tpz;Kjny

tpz;Qqs; btspna mt;btsp tps';F btspna
(kfhnjt khiy 26)
tpz;Q qW tpz;zha; tpz;zpiy tpz;zha;
mz;z p ta';F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (340)
cW = milfpd;w tpz; vd;gJ Mfhak; ? btsp

btspna btspia milfpd; wjhk;/
mz;l';fs; tphptile;J bfhz;nl ,Uf;fpd;wjhk;/

,e;j btspahdJ v';Fk; ePf ;fkw epiwe;J ,Ug;gJk;
mwpe; jnj/ vt;tst[ mz;l ';fs; cs; sdnth mt;tsita[k ;
jd;Ds; mlf;fpf; bfhz;Ls; s ,e; j tpz;zhdJ ,d;Dk;
njhd;W fpd;w mz;l';f s; mj; jidf; Fk; ,l';bfhLf;f pd;w
jd;ika[ ilajha; cs; sJ/ ,e;j epiyna tpz;QqW
tpz;zha; vdg;gl;lJ/
tpz;zpd; epiy fhyj;jhy; khWglhJ vd;Wk;
tpz;zhfnt tps';Ffpd;w jd;i kna tpz;z piy tpz;z ha;
vdg;gl;lJ/
njhd;w pf; bfhz;n l ,Uf;Fk; mz;l ';fl;F ,d;dKk;
,l'; bfhLj; Jf; bfhz;nl ,Ug;gjhy; tpz; QqW
tpz;zhfpa[k; vd;W k; khwhj xnu jd;i ka[ilajha; cs;s jhy;
tpz;zpiy tpz;zha[k; ,t;tz;z ';fspy; beU';fpa[ k ;
tps';Ffpd;w mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
152
tpz;QqW tpz;zha; Mjhuk; :

mz;lbkyhk; gpz;lbkyhk; caph; fbsyhk; bghUs;fs;
Mdvyhk; ,l';fbsyhk; eP f;fkw epiwe;nj
bfhz;l btyhk; bfhz;l btyhk; bfhz; L bfhz;L nkYk;
bfhs;tjw;nf ,l';bfhLj;Jf; bfhz;L rypg;gpd;wpf;
fz;lbtyhk; fle; J epd;nw mfz;lkjha; mJt[k;
fle;jbtspaha; mJt[k; fle; j jdpbtspaha;
xz;lF rpw;w k;gyj;nj vy;yhk; ty;ytuha;
X';Ffpd;w jdpf; flt[ s; xUth; cz;n l fz; Oh;
(jpUtUl;g h 3276)
fhw;wpDs; fhw;wha;f; fhw;wpilf; fhw;wha;

Mw;wypd; X';F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (342)
vy;yhg; bghUs;fspnya[k; ,iwtd; fye;jpUf;f pd;whd;/

ve;jg; bghUspy; mtd; tps';fpdhYk; mnj bghUsha;
mtDk; ,Ug;gjhy; me;jg; bghUspypUe; J ,iwtidj;
jdpj;J czu Kotjpy;i y/
fhw;Wf;Fs;ns fhw;w hft[k ;. me;jf; fhw;W
ika';bfhs;Sk; rkak; mjd; eLnt njhd;Wk; fhw; wpd;
Mw;wypy; X';fp epw;fpd;w mUl; bgU"; n $hjp Mz;ltnu/
fhw;W W fhw;wha; fhdpiyf; fhw;wha;

Mw;w tps';F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (344)
vy;yh $Ptd;fSk; fhw; wpdhy; $Ptpf;fpd;wd/

Rthrpf; fpd; w $Ptd; fspd; brayhy; fhw;w pd; mst[
vg;nghnjDk; Fiwt[gl;L s;sjh> mJ jd;i dj; jhnd
tsh;j;J f; bfhs;fpd;w jd;ikiaj; jhd; fhw;WW fhw;W
vdg;gl;lJ/
fhy; vd;gJk; fhw;nw MFk;/
fhy; epiy ,yf; fz tpjpg;gof; fhdpiy Mapw;W/
153
fhw;wpd; epiya[k; vd;Wk; khWglhjJ/ fhw;W vd;Wk;

fhw;W jhd;/ mjd; khWglhj ,aw;ifj; jd;ikna
fhdpiyf; fhw;W vdg;gl;l J/
vt;tst[ gad;gLj; jg;gl;lhYk; jd; mstpy;
Fiwt[glhJ bkd;n kYk; jd;i dj;jhnd bgUf; fpf;
bfhz;Lk; jd; epiy vd;Wk; khwhJ xnu jd;ika[ilajha[k;
bray;gLkhW tps';F fp;d; w mUl; bgU"; n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
mdypDs; mdyha; mdy; eL mdyha;

mdYw tps';F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (346)
v';Fk; eP f;fkw epiwe;Js; s ,iwtd; beUg;gpDs;

beUg;gha; tps';Ffpd;whd;/ ek; fz; zpw;Fg; g[yg;gLk; bghpa
beUg;g[ N:hpad;jhd;/ me;jr; N:hpad; vhpe;J
bfhz;o Uf;f pd;w J/ mJ vd;Wk; miztjpy; iy/ ve;jg;
bghUs; me;jr; N:hpadpy; vhpe;J bfhz;oUf;fpd;wnjh me;jg;
bghUis vhpfpd;w beUg;ng nkYk; nkYk; njhw;wpf;
bfhz;n l ,Ug;gjhy; vhpa[k; rf;j p vd; Wk; FiwahkYs;s J/
beUg;gpDs;ns beUg;gha[k;. beUg;g[f;F eLnt
beUg;gha; ,Ue;J jd;idj;jhnd bgUf;f pf; bfhz;L
mdYWk; mdyha; mdy; epiy mdyha;

mdYw ta';F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (348)
g";r g{j';fspy; xd; whfpa mf;dp mjhtJ beUg;g [

jd;idj;jhnd bgUf;fpf; bfhz;L jhnd jd;id mile;J
bfhz;L tps';F fpd; wJ/ mg;go mila[ k; beUg;ghf
tps';FgtDk; ,iwtnd/
beUg;gpd; epiy beUg;gha; vd;Wk; tps';FtJld; mJ
btg;gj;ijg; bgw;Wk; tps';FfpwJ/
beUg;g[ mile;j beUg;gha;. beUg;gpd; epiy
beUg;ghfnt tps';Fk;gor; bra;J mjpny epiwe; j btg;gkha;
154
g[dypDs; g[dyha;g ; g[dypilg; g[dyha;

midbad ta';F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (350)
g[dy; vd;gJ ePh;/ ve;jg; bghUspYk; me;jg;

bghUshfnt ,iwtd; tps';Ffpd;whd; / mjhtJ jz;zPh pny
,iwtd; ,Uf;f pd;w hdh vd;why; ,Uf;fpd;whd;/ mtd;
,y;yhj bghUs; v';Fk; ,y; iy/ vg;go ,Uf;f pd;w hd;>
jz;zP Uf;Fs; jz; zPuhfnt ,Uf;f pd;w hd;/
ePUf;F k; eL mjhtJ ikak; vd; w epiy cz;L/
flypy; miyiaf; fhz;fpd;nwhk;/ flyhdJ jiuia
tplr; rw;W mjpfkhd cauj; jpy; ,Uf;f pd;wJ vd;Wk;.
mjdhy; eP uhdJ jiuia nehf;fp tUfpd; wJ vd;Wk; fly;
ePhpd; ikak; me; j ePi u cs;s pGg; gjhy; vGe;J te; j
miyahdJ cUz;L kPz;Lk; fliy nehf;fpna brd;W
tpLtjhft[k ; ed;F fw;nwhh; TWfpd;wdh;/ me; j eP hpd;
ikaj;ijj; jhd; g[dypil vd;fpwhh;/
jz;zP Uf;Fs; jz;zPu hft[k ; jz;zPh pd; eLnt mjd;
ikakhf ,Ue;J mjid ,af; fpf; bfhz;Lk; vy;yh
$Ptd;fl;Fk; jhiag; nghy; tps';Fk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
ehk; cz;fpd;w czit tsh;g;gJ jz;zPh;/ ePhpd;wp
vg;gapUk; tsuhJ/ vdntjhd; jz; zPh; md;idf;F xg;ghfr;
brhy;yg;gl;lJ/
g[dYW g[dyha;g ; g[dy; epiyg; g[dyha;

midbadg; bgUFk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (352)
ePuhdJ gy tpjkhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L k;.

btg;gj;jpdhYk;. kz;zhYk;. fhw;w hYk; Fiwt[ gl;lhYk;
kiH Kjypatw;why; jd;i dj; jhnd nkd;nkYk; bgUf;f pf;
bfhz;L tsh;f pd;w epiyjhd; g[dYW g[dy; MFk;/
jz;zPh ; epiybgw;W tps';FtJld; bgw;w jha;
tsh;g;gJ nghy vy;yh $Ptd;fisa[k; tsh;j;J j; jd; epiy
khwhJ tsh;f pd;wthW mikj;j mUl;b gU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
155
g[t papDl; g[tpaha;g ; g[t p eLg;g [t paha;

mit ju ta';F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (354)
g[tp vd;gJ g{kp ? mjhtJ g";rg{j';fspy; xd;whfpa

kz;/ vy;yhg; bghUs;fspnya[k; epiwe;Js;s ,iwtd; ,e;j
kz;zpYk; epiwe;Js;shdhk;/ me; j ,iwtd; ,e;j
kz;Qqs; ns vg;go ,Uf;fpd;whd;/ mtDk; kz; nzhL
kz;zhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;/
,e;j kz; zpd; eLnt ,Ug;gJ mjd; ikak;/ ,e;jg;
g{kp jd; idj; jhnd kzpf;F 1500 fpnyh kPl;lh; ntfj;jpy;
Rw;wpf; bfhz;o Ug;gJld; Nhpaida[ k; Rw;wp tUfpd;wjhk;/
me;jr; RHw;r pf;F vJ Mjhuk;> me;jg; g{kpapd; ikak; jhd;/
,e;j Mw;wy; jdpahfth cs;s J/ m';Fk; kz;jhd;/
vdnt g[tpapDs;ns g[tpahft[k; g[tpapd; eLtpnya[k;
g[tpahft[k ; ,Ue;J me;jg; g[tpahdJ $Ptd;fl; bfy; yhk;
,a';Ffpd;w rigahft[k; ,af;fp tUfpd;w mUl;bgU";n$hjp
Mz;ltnu/
Fwpg;g[ : kz; vt;tsnth bghUl;fisj; jUfpd;wJ/

gaph;fs; tsh;tJ Kjy; ,Uk;g[ j'; fk; nghd;w
bghUl;f s; tiu vy;yhk; kz; jUtjhy; mit
ju ta';Fk; mUl;bgU";n $hjp vd; whh;/
g[t pa[W g[tpaha;g ; g[t p epiyg; g[t paha;

mit bfhs tphpe;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (356)
g{kpapny njhd;Wk; mj;jid bghUl;fSk; kPz ;Lk;

kz;zpny g[ijgLk; nghJ kz;z hfnt khwptpLfpd;wJ/
broapny g{f; fs; mHfhfj; njhd;Wfpd; wJ/ mit cjph;e; J
kz;zpny tpGe;j hy; kz; zhfp tpLfpd;wJ/ ve;jg;
bghUisa[ k; jd; trkhf;fpj; jhdhf; fpf; bfhz;L jd;i dna
milfpwJ kz;/ g[t pa[W g[tp vd;gJ kz; vija[k ;
kz;zhf;fpj; jhnd miltJ jhd;/
me;j kz;z pd; epiy vd;Wk; khwhj ,aw;iff;
FzKilajha; kz;zhfnt cs;sJ/
156
Kd; thpapy; kz; juf; Toa rf;j p tha;e;jJ vd;whh;/

,e;j thpapy; jhd; je;j vy;y htw;i wa[k; jhnd kPz;Lk;
vLj;Jf; bfhs;Sk; rf;jpa[ k; mjw;Fz;L vd;g ij
mitbfhs vd;W vGJfpd; whh;/
kz;zhdJ jd;idj; jhnd cz;lhf;fp bkd;n kYk;
jd;id miltJld;. jd; ikaj; ija[k; jd; idg; nghynt
kz;zhfnt fhl; o. jhd; je;j mj; jidg; bghUl;fisa[k ;
jhnd kPz;Lk; bfhs;SkhW ,af;Fk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
tpz;z piy rptj;jpd; tpadpiy mstp

mz;Q qw mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp
n$hjp (358)
tpz; vd;gJ Mfhak; ? btsp ? N:d ; ak; rptk; vd;gJ

Rk;kh ,Uf;F k; bksd epiy/
Mfhaj;j pd; epiyia nkhdj;jpd; gutpa epiyahf
mikj; J ,it ,uz;Lk; beUf;f khf cs;sthW mikj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
rptj;jpd; bksd epiyna tpz;zpiy/
tsp epiy rf;jpapd; tsh; epiy mstp

mstp
mspa[w mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (360)
tsp vd;g J fhw;W

rf;jp vd;gJ Mw; wy;/
fhw;wpd; epiyia Mw;w ypd; tsh; f;Fk; epiyahf

mikj; J mija[k; gGj;j gf;Ft mDgtj;jpy; mila[khW
mikj; j mUl;bgU";n $hjp/
Kd; thpapny tpz;z pd; epiy
rptj;jpd; epiy vdg;gl; lJ/
rptk; ghjp rf;jp ghjp

tpz;zpny btsp/ mjpy; fhw;W
tpz; epiy/ rptj;j pd; epiy
tsp epiy/ rf;jpapd; epiy/
157
beUg;g J epiy eL epiybayhk; mstp

mUg;gpl tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (362)

g{j';fspy; eLepiyahf tps';Fk; beUg;ghdJ ey; y bghUs;
vd;W k;. jPa bghUs; vd;Wk;. Rj;j khd bghUs; vd;Wk;.
mRj;j khd bghUs; vd;Wk; ghuhJ vjida[k; jhd; bfhz;L
vhpf;f f;Toa gf;Ftk; tps';FkhW tFj;j mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
ePh ; epiy jpiu tsh; epiy jid mstp

Mh;t [w tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (364)
nfzp. Fl;il. Fsk;. Vhp Kjypaitfs; ePh; epiy

vdg;gLk;/ flnyh bghpanjhh; epiy/ Kd;dhy; Twpa
midj; jpYk; ePh; tw;wptpLk;/ Mdhy; flypy; vd;Wk; ePh ;
tw;W tjpy;i y/ me;jf; fly; eP hpny miyfs; Xa;t pd;w p
vGkhW mike;J s;sJ/ me;jf; flYf;Fs;n s vd; bdd; d
bghUl;f s; cs;sd vd;gija[ k; btspf;fhl;lhJ jpiunghy;
kiwj;J itf;Fk; Mw; wYlDk; tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp
Mz;ltnu/
g[t p epiy Rj;jkhk; bghw;g jp mstp

mita[w tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (366)
g{kpapd; epiyahdJ Rj;j khd bghd; fpilf;Fk;

g{kpahfg; gf;Ftkhf mikj;J mtw;iw ehkila[k hW
tFj;j mUl;bgU";n $hjp
(my;yJ)
kz;zhyhd ,e;j j; njfkhdJ kyk; eP';f pr; Rj; j

njfkhf khwpdhy; Rth;z njfk; vd;w gf;Ft epiy
mila[k ;go tFj;j mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
(Mjhuk;)
158
bgh j;jpa kyg;gpzpg; g[G f;Fuk;igjhd;

rpj;jpay; Rj;j rd;k hh;f ;fr; nrh;g;gpdhy;
epj;jpa khfpna epfGk; vd;gJ
rj;jpak; rj;jpak; rfj;JsPh;f ns
(jpUtUl;g h 5402)
Kd;Diu 3k; gFjp

gpd;tUk; thpfspny g";r g{j';fshfpa kz;. ePh ;.
beUg;g[. fhw;W . Mfhak; vd;gdtw;Ws; mo epiy tfpf;F k;
,e;j kz; zpd; jd;ik vt;thbwy;yhk; ,iwtdhy;
tFf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;w cd;djkhd tpsf;f';fis ts;syhh;
jUfpd;whh;/
,e;jg; g{kp jplg; bghUshf ,Ug; gjhy; Xuwpt[s;s
jhtuk; Kjy; Mwwpt[s ;s kdpjh;fs; tiu mjd; kPJ ,Ue;J
thH tif bra;fpwJ/ Ie;J tifahd bghd; tpisa[ k ;
g{kp ,J vdr; Rl;o f; fhl;Lfpd; whh;/ epyj;ij Ie;J
tifahf ek; Kd; ndhh; tif bra; Js;s ija[k ;
tpsf;fpa[s;s hh;/ ,e;j kz; zpw;F ,ay;ghd thila[z;L
vd;gJ kl;L kpd; wp ,e; j kz; zpnyapUe;J tpisa[k; g{f;f s;
nghd;witfs; gytpjkhd kz';fis tPRkhW bra;tJk;
,e;j kz; nzahFk;/ ehy;tifg; gpwg;g[fspy; g{kpapypUe;J
njhd;W k; gpwtpfs; xU tifahFk;/ kzk;. Rit. njhw;wk;.
!;ghprk; Xir Mfpa Ie;J ,ay;g[ f Sk; ,e;j kz; zpw;F
cs;sdthk;/ ,e;jg; g{kp jiu kl; lkhfr; rk g{kpahf
cs;sJ/ cah;e;j kiyahft[k; cs;sJ/ flYf;foapy;
jiu kiwe;Jk; cs;sJ/ kw; w g{j'; fspd; jd;ika[ k; ,e; j
kz;zpw;F cz;L/ nkYk; ,ut[ gfy; cz;lhfhtpl;lhy;
$Pth;fs; caph; thH ,aYkh> <h;g;g[ rf; jp g{kpf;F
,y;yhjpUf;Fkhdhy; mjDila RHw; rp ntfj;j py;
ehbky; yhk; v'; bf'; nfh J}f; fp vwpag;gl;oUg;nghk;/ ve;jg;
g{kp kpf ntfkhfr; Rw;wpf; bfhz;o Uf;fpwnjh mnj g{kpapd;
nky; ehkpUe;Jk; mjd; RHw;r pia czu Koatpy;iy/
ryitf;f y; fpuhidl; nghd;w xsp tP Rk; ghiwfSk; ekf;F
159
kz;zpypUe;J fpilf;f pd;w J/ ,e;j kz; fsp kz;. brk;kz;.

tz;ly; kz;. fhpry; kz; nghd;W gy tifahf tps';fpg;
bgUk; gad;f is ekf;F mspf;fpd; wJ/ ,d;Wk; ehk;
vz;zpg; ghuhj gy epiyfis ekJ bgUkhdhh; rpe; jpj; Jg;
ghh;f;f pd;w hh;f s;/ mz; lhz; l';f l;Fk; mg;ghy; fle;j mwpt[
bfhz;l ek; bgUkhdhhpd; rpe;j idfis mstpl ek;k hy;
,aYkh !
kz;z pdpy; jpz;ikia tFj;J mjpy; fplf;if

mz;Q qw mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (368)
,e;jg; g{kpahdJ mGj;jkhd. gykhd. cWjp tha;e;j

bfl;oj; jd; ik bgw;W mjd; kP J mira[ k; bghUs;.
mirahg; bghUs; midj;J k; beU';fpna ,Uf;Fk;go
mikj; j mUl;bgU";n $hjp Mz; ltnu/
Fwpg;g[ : ,e;jg; g{kpahdJ jd; idj; jhnd Rw; wpf;
bfhs;tJld; Nhpaida[k; Rw; wp tUfpd; wJ/
me;jr; RHw;r p ntfj;jpdhy; Tl ve;j g; bghUSk;
vwpag;glhky; g{kpapd; kP nj bghUe;jp ,Uf;FkhW
mikj; Js;s J ,e;j epiyiana fplf;if vd;W
TWfpd;whh;/
kz;z pdpy; bghd;ik tFj;J mjpy; Ik;ikia

mz;Q qw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (370)
g{kpapy; Ru';f k; njhz;og; bghd; id vLf;fpd;nwhk;/

nfhyhh; j';f tay; Xh; cjhuzk;/
gpUjptp vd;f pw ,e;jg; g{kpapy; bghd;i da[k; cz;l hf;f p
mjpy; 1/ Mzpg;bghd;. 2/ brk;bghd; 3/ gRk;bghd;
4/ $k;g[ejk; 5/ fpspr;riu vd; w Ie;J tifiaf; fhl;o
mtw;iw ehk; mila[k ;go tFj; j mUl;bgU"; n$hjp/
160
kz;z pdpy; Ik;g { tFj;J mjpy; Ie;jpwk;

Fwp";rp. Ky;iy. kUjk;. bea;jy;. ghiy vd;w Ie; J

tpj epy';f l;Fhpa g{f;fis tFj;J me;j kyh;f l;bfdr; rpy
jdpj; jd;ikfis cz; lhf; fp mit vd;Wk; khwhJ
epiyj; J epw;Fk;g o tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
cjhuzk; : Fwp";rp kyh; 12 Mz;Lfl;F xU Kiw g{f;F k;

vd;gJ mjd; jdpj;jd; ik/
kz;z pdpy; ehw;wk; tFj;jjpy; gy;tif

mz;Q qwg; g[hpe;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (374)
kz;zpy; kzk; cz;L/ kiH bga; a[k; nghJ tP Rk;

thilia kz;thil vd;nw brhy;tJ tHf;fk;/
vy;yhg; g{f; fSk; kz;z pnyapUe;J tsUk; brofspy;
g{j;jhYk; mitfspd; kznkh btt;ntwhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ/
me;jg; g{f;fspypUe;J tUk; tpj tpjkhd kzj;i j
ehk; mDgtpf; fpd; nwhk;/
kz;zpw;F kzk; bfhLj; J mjpny gytif kz';fs;
njhd;W k;g or; bra;tpj;J mtw;i w ehk; mDgtpf;F k;gog;
g[hpe;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
kz;z pdpy; gw;g y tif fUepiy ,ay;

jhtu';fSk; caph; ,d';f ns/ jhtu';f s; vd; w bghJg;

bgahpny vj; jid tpjkhd jhtu';fs;! gwitfspy; ?
kpUf';fspy; xt; bthd;w pYk; vj; jidnah tiffs;/ vy; yh
$Ptd;fspd; epiya[k; g{kpapny bghUe;j p thGkhW
mike; Js;s J/ kz;z pny gyg;gy tifahd caphpd';fs;
g{kpia Mjhukhff; bfhz; nl thH;tilag; g[hpe;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
161
kz;z pdpy; Ie;jpay; tFj;J mjpy; gy;gad;

Ie;jpay; : kzk; Rit njhw;w k; !;ghprk; xir/

kz;zpdpy; kzk; Rit njhw; wk; !;ghprk; Xir Mfpa
Ie;J ,ay;g[f isa[k; mikj;J mtw; why; gytpjg; gad; fs;
ehk; mila[ k;go mikj;j mUl;bgU"; n$hjp/
kz;z pil moepiy tFj;J mjpy; gd;dpiy

g";r g{j';fis kz;. ePh;. beUg;g[. fhw;W. Mfhak;

vd;gh;/ kz;iz moahft[k ; Mfhaj;ij Koahft[k ;
bfhz;Ls;sdh; ekJ Kd; ndhh;/ ,ijna ek; bgUkhdhUk;
kz;zpil moepiy vd;fpd;whh;/
g{kpiag; g";r g{j';fspy; mo epiyahf mikj;J
mjpy; rkkhd g{kp ? tsh; e;j epiy (kiy) kiwe;j epiy
(flYf;f oapy;) vdg; gy epiyfis mikj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
kz;z py; Ie;ije;J tifa[k; fye;J bfhz;L

Ie;ije;J = Ik;g{j';fSk; mtw;wpd; bjhHpy; fSk;

kz; = njhw;W tpf; fpwJ
ePh; = tsh; f;fpwJ
beUg;g[ = mHpf;f pwJ
fhw;W = mJnt kiwe;j pUe; J kiwf;f pd;w J
Mfhak; = mUsy;
kz;zpny kz;Qqz;L ? ePUz;L ? beUg;g[z;L ? fhw;Wz;L
? btspa[K z;L/
kz;zpny kz; = kz; nz kz;zhf tps';FtJ
kz;zpny eP h; = kz; Qqf;f oapy; ePh ; nfzp Mjhuk;
kz;zpny beUg;g[= kz; Qqf;foapy; beUg;g[ vhpkiy Mjhuk;
162
kz;zpny fhw;W = rpypfz; il Mf;i !L vd;W

tp";"hdj;jpy; mjw;Fg; bgah;
kz;zpny Mfhak; = Mfhak; me;j hpf; Fk; ? kz;Qqk; ve;jg;
bghUisa[ k; kz; zhf; fp ,y;yhky;
bra;J tpLk;/
kz;zpny Ik;g{j';fSk; mtw;w pd; Ie; J bjhHpy;fSk;
fye;J epd;W vd;W k; ,ize;n j bray;gLkhW g[hpe;j
kz; ,ay;rf;jpfs; kz; braw; rf;jpfs;

jd;idj;jhnd Rw;wpf; bfhz;L N: hpaida[k ; Rw;wp

tUtJ ,e; j g{kpf;Fs;s ,ay;ghd xU rf;jp ? ve;j
xd;iwa[ k; jd;ghy; <h;f; fpd; w g[t p<h;g;g[ r f;jp (Gravitation Power)
mjDila ,ay;ghd rf;jp/ ,e; j ,ay;ghd rf; jpfshy;
,ut[ gfy; Vw;gLtJld; gUt fhy khw; w';fSk;
Vw;gLfpd;wd/ ve;jg; bghUisa[ k; kf;fitj; J kz;zhfnt
Mf;fptpLtJ kz; zpd; bray;ghL/ jd; kPJ s;s mira[ k ;
mirahg; bghUs; midj;i ja[k; jh';FtJk; mjd;
bray;ghnl/ ,t;thnw kz;z pd; ,ay;ghd rf;j pfSk;
bray;ghl;Lf;Fhpa rf;jpfSk; vd;Wk; tpyfhJ epyt[k;go
tFj;j mUl;bgU";n $hjp/
kz; cUr; rj;jpfs; kz;fiyr; rj;jpfs;

ghid. rl; o. bghk; ikfs;. gP'; fhd; tiffs;

Kjyhditbay;y hk; kz;zpypUe;J cUthff; Toait/
,aw;ifapd; tz;z tz;z mHfpa fhl; rpfSk; cah; e;j
gRikahd kiyfSk;. eP Uw;WfSk;. eP h;tPH;r ;rpfSk; kz; zpd;
fiyr; rf; jpfs; vdyhk; ,t;t hW kz;QqUr; rf;jpfSk;
kz;fiyr; rj;jpfSk; tpyFwhJ epiyj; J tps';FkhW
163
kz; xspr; rj;jpfs; kz; fUr; rj;jpfs;

ryitf;f y;. fpuhidl; ghiwfs; nghd;w xsp tP Rk;

ghiwfSk; kz;zhy; Mf;fg;gl; l ghiwfns MFk;/ ,e; j
kz;zhdJ N:h pa xspiaf; fpufpj;Jg; gpd;dh; btspapLtjhy;
tha[ kz;l yk; btg;g khfp mjdhy; gy tpist[fs;
cz;lhfpd;w d/ kz;Qqf;F moapy; eP Uk;. mjdoapy; gytpj
cnyhf';fSk; ikaj;jpy; beUg;g[ f; FHk;g[k; ,Ue;J
vhpkiy. epy eLf;fk;. g{fk;gk; nghd;w gy epfH; r;rpfis
Vw;gLj;J fpd; wd/ ,it kz; fUr; rf;jpfshFk;/ ,t;thW
kz; xspr; rf;jpfisa[k ; kz; fUr; rf;jpfisa[k ; g{kpia
tpl;L mfyhJ tps';f itj;j mUl;b gU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
kz;fzr; rj;jpfs; tif gy gyt[k;

mz;bfhs mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (390)
kz;zpnyapUe;J jhtu'; fs; njhd;wpd/ tpj;J f;fs;

,y;yhJ jhtu';fs; vg;goj; njhd;w Koa[k; vd; w tpdh
vHyhk;/ jhtu';f s; ,y;y hky; tpj;J f;fs; vg;goj; njhd;w
Koa[k; vd;w tpdht[k ; vH tha;g ;g[ cs; sJ/ ,e;j Iaj;ijg;
nghf;f ek; bgUkhdhh; xU fhyj;jpy; tpUT&k; mdhjp/ xU
fhyj;j py; tpj;J mdhjp vd;f pwhh;/ vg;goapUe;j hYk; Mjpapy;
njhd;w paJ tpj;n jh. tpUl;r nkh kz;z pypUe;J jhd;
njhd;w papUf;f Koa[k;/ gpd; dh; njhd;w pa gwitfs;
kpUf';fs; kdpjh; fs; Kjypa midj;J $Pt uhrpfSk;
kz;zpnyjhd; beU';f p thH; fpd; wd/ fzk; vd;why; Tl;lk;/
$Ptuhrpfspy; ve;j xd; iw vLj;J f; bfhz;l hYk; mJ
gy;yhapuf; fzf;fpy; cs;sjhy; xt;b thU $Ptuhrpa[ k; xU
Tl;lk;/ mjhtJ xU fzk;/ ,ijj; jhd; kz; fzr;
rj;jpfs; vd;W k; mjd; tif gyg;gythf cz;lhf;fp
mitaidj;Jk; ,e; j kz;iz Mjhukhff; bfhz;nl
thGk;go tFj;j mUl;bgU"; n$hjp/
164
kz;epiyr; rj;jh;fs; tif gy gyt[k;

rj;jpfs; vd;gJ bray;ghL vdpy;

rj;jh; fs; vd;gJ bray;g hl;o w;Ff; fhuzkhFk;/
kz;zpny jhtu';fs; Kjypad njhd;wpd vd; why;
mitfspd; njhw;wj;jpw;F kz; z hdJ fhuzkhapw;W/
(gilj;jy;)
jhtu';f s; tsh;tjw;F k; kz; nz fhuzkhfpd; wJ
(fhj;jy;) jhtu';f s; kl;Lkpd;wpg; gwitfs; tpy';Ffs; Vd;
kdpjh; fs; cl;gl jhtu';fspd; ,iyfs;. fha;fs;. fdpfs;.
tpj;Jf; fs; Mfpatw;iwg; g[rpj;J caph;thH;t jhy;
midj; Japh; fspd; thH;t[f;F k; kz;nz fhuzkhfpd; wJ/
njhd;w pa midj;Jk; mHpe; J mnj kz;z py; kf; fp
kz;zhf kiwe;J tpLtjhy; mHpj;jy; bjhHpYf;Fk;
kiwj;j y; bjhHpYf;F';Tl kz;n z fhuzkhfpd;wJ/
kPz;Lk; mitfisj; njhw;Wtpj;J mUsy;
bjhHpYf;Fk; kz; fhuzkhfpd;w J/
kz;zpd; beUf;f j;jhy; kiyfs; njhd;wpd/ kz;zpd;
tphpthy; fly;fs; njhd; wpd/ g{kpf;foapYs; s beUg;g [
btspg;gLk;nghJ vhpkiyahf btof; fpd;wJ/ ,t;thW
epfGk; gyg;gy bray;ghLfSf;F f; fhuzkha[k; cs;s gyg;gy
rj;jh; fshy; fhyKs;sst[ k; tpyfhJ cs;sthW mikj;j
kz; fU caph;j;bjhif tif tphp gyth

mz; bfhs mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (394)
jhtu';f spYk; vj; jidnah tif cs;sd/ nkYk;

Ch;td. gwg;gd. elg;gd vd;w gilg;g[fspYk; gy tpjk;
cs;sd/ mitfs; btt; ntW tpj';fshf cs;sJ
kl;Lky; yhky; vz;zpf;ifapYk; mst[ f; fl';f hJ cs;sd/
165
kz;zpny thH;fpd;w Xuwpt[ Kjy; Mwwpt[ gilj;j

$Pth;fs; tiu njf';fshy; gytpj khw;w';f isf; bfhz;Lk;.
vz;zpf;ifapYk; mst[ fle;Jk; tps';Fk;g o mikj; j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
kz;z pdpw; bghUs; gy tif tphp btt;ntW

kz;zpny epyf;fhp. ,Uk;g[. brk;g[. bts;sp. j'; fk;.

ituk; nghd;w gytifahd bghUl;fs; fpilf;fpd;wd/
xt;bthU bghUSk; gy tifahft[k; tps';Ffpd;wd/
vy;yhk; ekf;nf gad;gLfpd;wd/
kz;zpny gytifahd bghUl; fSk; me;jg; bghUspYk;
gy;ntW tpj';fs; fpilf;Fk;g oa[k; g[hpe; j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
kz;Q qW epiygy tFj;jpw; bray;g y

,e;jg; g{kpapny ehk; fhQqk; kz; jpl epiyahf

cs;sJ/ vhpkiy tPR k; beUg;g[f; FHk;gpny kz; zhdJ
jput epiyapy; cs;sJ/ Mw;W kzy; xl;lhJ jdpj;
jdpahf cjphpahf cs; sJ ? fsp kz;nzh tH tHbtd;W
mlh;j ;jpahf cs;sJ/
,t;thW kz; milaf;Toa epiyfs; gyg;gythf
tFj;J mjpy; bray;ghLfSk; gythf mika[k ;go tFj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
kz;z pilg; gf;F tk; tFj;jjpw; gad;

gad;g y
,e;j kz;Qqyfk; jd;idj; jhnd Rw;Wtjhy; ,ut[

gfy; Vw;gLfpd;w J/ gfypny njhd;Wk; N:hpa btg;gk; ,utpy;
jzpe;J g{kp Fsph;e ;JtpLtJ xU gf;Ft epiy/ mt;t hW
epfHhtpl;lhy; $Ptd;f s; caph; thH KoahJ/
166
g{kpapd; bfl; oj; jd; ikahy; ehk; mjd; kPJ ,Uf; f

Kofpd; wJ/ ehk; ,Uf;Fk; g{kp btF ntfkhfr; Rw;Wfpd;wJ/
mjd; RHw;r pia mjd; kPnj cs;s ek;khy; mwpa
Koatpy;i y/ mjd; gf;Ftj; jpw;F mjd; g[tp <h;g;g[ rf;j p
xU ey;y cjhuzk;/ me; jr; rf;j p ,y;i ynay; mjd;
kPJs;s ve; jg; bghUSk; epiyj;J ,Uf;f ,ayhJ/
tpj;J Kisahfp g{kpia tpl;L btspna tug; g{kp
,le;j Ufpd; wJ/ mnjnghy; bfl;oahd jiuTl Myk;tpGJ
,w';fpg; g{kpiaj; bjhl;Lg; gpd; g{kpf;Fs; nsna brd;W
tpLfpwJ/ ,t;t hW mstw; w gf;F t epiyfshy; ehk;
gytpjkhd gad;fis mila[k hW g[hpe; j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
kz;z pay; gy gy tFj;jjpw; gpwt[k;

kz; ,ay; mjhtJ fsp kz;. brk;k z;. tz;ly; kz;.

Mw;W kz; Kjypa gythf tFj;J mit xt;bthd;wpdhYk;
gytpjkhd tpist[fs; Vw;gLk;go tFj;j mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
(ePhpay;) ? Kd;D iu 4k; ghfk;

g";r g{j';fspy; xd;whd ePhpd; jd;ikfis
tpsf;Ffpd;whh;/ mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;lth; jz;zPh py;
vt;thW fye;J tps';Ffpd;w hh; vd;gij mwptpf;f pd;w hh;/
jz;zPh ; vd; whny Fsph;e ;j jd; ika[ ilaJ/ cah;e ;j
,lj;jpypUe;J jhH;e ;j ,lk; nehf;fp Ch;e;J bry;tJ. bro
bfhofs; kuk; Kjyhdit jz; zPhpUe;jhy; gRikahf
,Uf;f pd;wd/ jz; zPhpy;iynay; mit cyh; e;J fha;e ;J
tpLk;/ brofspy; kyh;fis mjpf mstpy; kyuitg;gJk;
jz;zPh ;jhd;/ fly; ePhpypUe;J fpilf;Fk; cg;g[jhd; vy;y hg;
gz;l';f l;Fk; Rit nrh;f ;fpd;wJ/ ePhpdpy; Rit njhw;wk;
!;ghprk; Xir Mfpa ehd;ifa[ k; czu Kofpd;wJ/ g";r
g{j thpirfspy; eP uhdJ kz; Qqf;F mLj; Jk; beUg;g[ f;F
Kd;Dk; tUtjhy; mij moeL vd;fpd; whh;/ jz;z Phpd;
167
xspUk; jd;i ka[k; mjpypUe;J xsp cz;lhtija[k;. mjd;

Mw;wy; kpF braw;ghLfisa[k;. gy braw;ghLfSf;Fj;
jz;zPh ; fhuzkhf cs;s ija[k; jz; zPhpdhy;jhd; $Ptd; fs;
caph; thH; fpd; wd vd;gija[k; mwpa[ k; nghJ nguhr; rh;ak;
cz;lhfpd;w J/ ehk; rhjhuzkhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; jz;z Piug;
gw;wp vz;zpg; ghh;g ;gJ ,y;iy/ ek; bgUkhdhh; ed;F
rpe;jpj;jpUf;f pd;w hh;/ jz;zP h; ciwe;j epiyapy;
gdpf;fl;oahf. bfhjpf;Fk; epiyapy; Mtpahf mJ
epiykhWtij. me; jj; jz;zP h; vt;thbwy; yhk; ekf;Fg;
gad;gLfpd;w J vd;gjid. mjd; gf; Ftj; jd;i kia ek;
bgUkhdhh; gpd;tUk; thpfspy; tpsf;fp mUl;bgU";n$hjp
Mz;ltUk; mtuJ mUshw;wYk; jz;zP hpy; vt;thW
tps';fpr; bray;gLfpd; wd vd;g ij tpsf;Ffpd;w hh;/
fhz;nghk;/
ePh pdpy; jz;ika[k; epfG:buhGf;fKk;

MUw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (404)
ePhpny Fsph; e;j jd;ikjhd; mjd; ,ay;ghdJ/

nkl;oypUe;J gs;sj; ij nehf;fpr; bry;Yk; Ch;fpd;w
xGf;fKk; jz;zP Uf;F ,ay;ghf cs;sJ/ ,e;jj;
jd;ikahy; MWfs; cz;lhapd/ me;j Mw;W ePhpdhy;
Vuhskhd fpuhk';fspy; gaph; fs; brHpj;J tsUfpd;wd/
ePhpdpy; Ch;e ;J bry; Yk; jd; ikahy; vt;tsnth gad; fs;
rpwg;g[w mika[khW tFj;j mUl; bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
ePh pdpy; gRikia epWj;jp mjpy; gy

gaph;fSk;. bro. bfhofSk;. jhtu';f Sk; gRikahft[k ;

brGikahft[k; tsh;tjw;Fj; jz;zP nu Kf;fpa fhuzkhFk;/
gRikj; jd; ikia ePh pd; trkhf epWj;jp mjdhy;
,aw;iff;Fr; brGik cz;lhf;Ffpd;w J/ vy;yh $Pt d;fSk;
caph; thH;tjw;Fj; jz;z Pnu Mjhukhf cs;sJ/
jz;zPh py; brGik mspf;Fk; gRikia epWj;jp mjpw;
gw;gy rpwg;g[fs; bgWkhW tFj; j mUl; bgU";n$hjp/
168
ePh pilg; g{tpapy; epfGW jpwtpay;

Mh;ju tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (408)
brofSf;F eP h;tpl;lhy; mjpf vz;zpf;ifapy; g{f;fs;

g{g;gijf; fz;T lhff; fhz; fpd; nwhk;/ ePhpdhy; g{f;fs;
kyh;tija[k;. me;jg; g{f;fspy; bkd;ika[ k;. gytpj
tz;z';fSk; tpjtpjkhd kz';fSk; rpwg;g[w tps';F khW
tFj;j mUl;bgU";n $hjp//
ePh pdpy; Rit epiy epiuj;jjpw; gy;tif

MUwg; g[hpe;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (410)
ePhpd; Rit ,d;dbjd;W jdpahff; Tw KoahJ/

Mdhy; mJ nrh;e;J kw; w bghUs;fSf;F r; Rit
nrh;f; fpd; wJ/
fly; ePh py; cs; s cg;g[ Ritf;F Kf;fpa
fhuzkha[s;s J/ ehk; cz;Qqk; czt[ midj;jpDf;Fk;
Rit nrh; f;Fk; jd;i kia eP Uf;F s; mikj;J mjpy;
rpwg;g[fs; gy epfGkhW g[hpe;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
ePh pdpy; fUepiy epfH;j;jpa gw;gy

fU = ikak;
fly;. jiu kl; lj;i j tpl caukhf ,Ue;jhYk;
bgh';fp tUk; miyiaf; fly; eP hpd; ika epiyahdJ
kPz;Lk; ,Gj;Jf; bfhs;t jhy; flyhdJ g{kpia tpG';fhky;
fiuapy; yhkypUe; Jk; fly; epiyahf cs;sJ/
flypd; ika epiyapd; Mw;wyhy; fly;
fiuapy; yhkny epiy bgw;W tps';FkhWk; flypd;
ikaj;jpny miyfs; ,y; yhjpUg;gjpdhy; kPd; fs; nghd; w
caphpd';fs; mHpahkypUf;FkhWk; ,d; Dk; gyg;gy rpwg;g [fis
169
tpj;Jf; fs; $lg; bghUs; fshFk;/ mitfspy; ePh ;

nrh;e; jhy; ePhpYs;s capuQqf; fs; nrh;e;J tpijfs;
Kisf;f pd;w d/ tpijfisf; fUf; bfhs;sr; bra; J ePu hdJ
Kisf;f itg;gjhy; ePhpdpy; fUepiy vdf; Twg;gl; lJ/
ePh pil ehd;fpay; epyt[t pj;jjpw; gy

Rit. njhw;w k;. !;ghprk;. Xir Mfpa ehd;F

,ay;g[fisa[k; eP hpy; mikj;Jg; gy gad;fisr; rpwg;ghf
ePh pil mo eL epiya[w tFj;J mdy;

Mh;jug; g[hpe;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (416)
ek; Kd;n dhh; g";r g{j';fis moapw; Fwpj;Js; sthW

tFj;Js;s dh;/
Mfhak;
fhw;W
beUg;g[
ePh;
kz;
ePuhdJ moepiyahd kz;z pw;Fk; eLepiyahd
beUg;g[f;F k; ,ilapny cs;sjhy; moeL vdg;gl;l J/
kz;zpny CWfpd;w jz;z Ph; rhjhuzkhff; Fsph;r; rpaha;

cs;sij ehk; mwpnthk;/ rpy ,l';fspy; mjhtJ ,kakiy
mothuj;jpy; gdp bfhl;Lfpd; w ,lj;jpy; bte;eP h; Cw;W
,Ug;gija[k ; mwpfpnwhk;/ beUg;gpd; jd;ik eP hpYk; fye;J
bte;ePh ; Cw;W Vw;gLfpwJ/
ePhpny mo eL vd;w epiy tFj;J mjpny beUg;gpd;

jd;ikahd mdYk; btspg;gLkhW rpwg;g[wg; g[ hpe; j
170
ePh pil xspapay; epfH; gy Fztpay;

ePh; bfhz; l nkfk; kpd;d byd xsp tP Rfpd;w J/ kiy

nkypUe;J fPn H bfhl;L k; ePhpypUe;J jahhpf;fg;gLk;
kpd;rhukhdJ ,Uisg; nghf;fp xsp jUfpd;wJ/ mLg;gpny
beUg;ghfpr; rikaYf;F cjt[k;/ xspapdpy; ntW gy
Fz';fSk; cz;L/ beUg;ghf cjtpa kpd;r huk; Fsph;
rhjdg; bgl;oapy; FSikjUk;/ kpd; tprpwpapy; RHd;W
fhw;whf tps';Fk;/
,t;thW ePhpny xspjUk; ,ay;gpid tFj;J mjpy;
gytpjkhd gz;g[ fis nkw;TwpathW rpwg;ghf mikj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp
ePh pilr; rj;jpfs; epfH;tif gy gy

jz;zPh py;y hky; ve;j tpija[ k; Kisg;gjpy;iy/

jz;zPh ; tpl;lhy; tpijfs; Kisf;fpd;wd/ jz;z Ph ;
tpLtjhy; Kisj;jit brofshff; bfhofshf ku'; fshf
tsh;fpd;wd/ ePh; msnthL ,y;y hky; bgU bts;skhf
khWk;nghJ gaph;f s; Kjypait mHpe;J ehrkhfpd; wd/
,t;thbwy;yhk; eP hpny gyg;gy rf; jpfs; epfGk; tif
g[hpe;J mjd; tpist[fshfg; gyg;gy rpwg;g[f is
ehkila[ k;gor; bra;j mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
ePh pdpy; rj;jh;fs; epiwtif ciwtif

Mh;
Mh ;jug; g[hpe;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (422)
ve;j xU fhhpaj; jpw;F k; xU fhuzk; ,Uf;Fk;/

rj;jpfis ,af;FtJ rj;j h;fs;/
ePhpd; K:ykhf Vw;gLk; vy; yhr; bray;ghl;Lf;Fhpa
Mw;wy; jz; zPhpnyna epiwe;Js; sJ/ mJ fz; zpw;F k;
bjhpahky; kiwe;jpUf;fpd;wJ/ me;j Mw;w y; kpf kpfr;
rpwg;ghfr; bray;glg;g[h pe;J tps';Fk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
171
ePh pil caph; gy epfGW bghUs; gy

MUw mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (424)
jhtu';f s; Kjy; Mwwpt[ bgw;w kdpjh;fs; tiu caph;

thH eP h; mtrpak;/ flypny thH;fpd;w caph; fspd;
vz;zpf;ifnah vz; zpyl';fhJ ? mitfspd; tiffSk;
mst[ fle;j it/ me; jf; flypny Vw;gLk; miyfs; ?
miyfsw;w MH; e;j flypd; mikjp fly; bgh';Fjy;
Kjypa epfH; r;rpfs;. me;j f; fly; ePhpy; njhd;Wgit/
,t;thW ePhpny caph;fs; thHt[k; me; ePhpd; K:y khfg; gy
mw;g[j ';fs; epfHt[k ; rpwg;g[w mikj;j mUl;bgU"; n$hjp/
ePh pil epiygy epiya[W bray;gy

Mh;bfhs tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (426)
jz;zPu hdJ Fsph;e;j nghJ gdpf; fl; oahf ciwe; J

tpLfpd;w J ? gdpf; fl;o cUfpj; jput epiyahfpd;w J ?
bfhjp epiyapy; Mtpahfp tpLfpd;w J/
yhg;yhe;J ehl;L v!;fpnkhf;f s; gdpf;fl; oahy; tPL

fl;o thH;f; ifna elj; Jfpd;whh;fs;/
jz;zPh pdhy; Vw;gLk; ed;ikfnsh Vl; o yl';fhjit/
ePuhtpapdhy; czt[ jahhpg;gJ. buapy;fs; (bjhlh;

tz;o) XLtJ nghd;W vt;tsnth bray;fs; epfGfpd; wd/
gdpf;fl;o bta;apw; fhyj; jpy; cUfp Mwha;g ;

bgUf;bfLj;J XLk;/
,t;thW ePh py; gy epiyfSk; mjd; xt;bthU

epiyapYk; gyg;gy bray;fs; rpwg;g[w ,a';FkhW mikj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
172
ePUW gf;Ft epiwt[W gad;g y

MUw mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (428)
mhprpia ePh pny Cw itj;J r; N:nlw; wpdhy;

rhjkhfpwJ/ fodkhd bghUis ePhpny Cwitj;jhy; mJ
bkd;ikahd jd;i k mila[k ;/
tpijfs; ePh pd; gf;Ftj;j hy; Kis tpl;L tsh; fpd; wd/
g[we; J}a;ik ePu hd; mika[k; vd; wJ nghy mGf;i fg;
nghf;fpj; J}a;ikg; gLj;Jk; gf;Ftk; ePUf;F cz;L/
ePh; mile;j gf;Ftj; jd; ikahy; epiwthd gytpj
gad;fisr; rpwg;g[w mikj;j mUl; bgU";n$hjp/
ePh pay; gygy epiuj;jjpy; gpwt[k;

Mh;jug; g[hpe;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (430)
ePhpd; jd;i k ,Jtiu TwpaJnghy gyg;gythf

epiwe; J tps';FtJld; mjd; jd;i k tphpf;fpw; bgUFkhW
rpwg;g[w mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
(jPa pay;) ? Kd;D iu 5k; ghfk;

g";r g{j';f spy; eLthd jPa pd; jd;ikfisa[k ;
Fz';fisa[k; tpthpf;fpd;whh;/
jPahdJ ve; jg; bghUSld; nrh;e ;jhYk; jd;dplKs; s
mdiy mg;bghUl;F r; brYj; Jk;/ jPahdJ bghUis vhpj;J
mjd; mGf; ifg; nghf;fpr; Rj;j khf;Fk;/ N:h pa xspapy;
jhkiu. N: hpafhe;jp nghd;w kyh; fs; kyUk;/ jPapny
vg;nghJk; xsp kl;Lnk ,Uf;Fk; ? jP beUg;ghf
tps';Fk; nghJ njhd; wpa[k ; ? mdyhf tps';Fk;nghJ
fz;Qqf;F j; njhd;w hJ bjhl;L czUkhWk; cs; sJ/
njhw;w k; !;ghprk; Xir Mfpa K:d;W ,ay;g[fs; jPapDf;F
cz;L/ g";r g{j';f spy; eLepiy tfpg;gJ jPahFk;/ jPa hdJ
rpwpajhf ,Uf;Fk; fhyj; jpy; ekJ fl;Lf;Fs; ,Ue;J
173
ekf;Fj; njitahd gyepiyfspy; gad;gLfpd; wJ/ mJnt

bgUe;jPa hf khWk; nghJ vy; yhtw; iwa[ k; vhpj; J ehrkhf;Fk;
nguhw;w iy btspg;gLj;Jfpd;w J/ Mf; fy; mHpj;j y; Mfpa
vy;yhr; bray; ghLfSk; jPapdhy; tpisfpd;wd/ btg;gk;
,y;yhtpl;lhy; caph;fs; thH ,ayhJ/ jPahdJ Fiwe;Jk;
kpFe;Jk; gy epiyfspy; gytpjkhfg; gad;gLfpwJ/
btg;gj;jpy; fhahdJ fdpahFk;/ jP apy; ntf itj; jhy;
czitr; Ritj;J cz;z KofpwJ/ jPahdJ ,;d ;Dk;
vt;thbwy;yhk; bray;gLfpd;wJ vd;g ij ek; bgUkhdhh;
rpe;jpf;fpd;whh;/ ehKk; mtuJ rpe;jidapy; yapj;J kfpH;e;J
gadilnthkhf/
jPa pdpy; N:l;oay; nrh; jur; brytpay;

Ma[w tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (432)
jPapd; ,ay;ng RLk; jd;ikjhd;/ jPa py; ve;jg; bghUs;

nrh;e; jhYk; jPahdJ me;jg; bghUSf;Fk; gut[k;/ xU
ghj;jpuj;jpYs;s kpFe;j N:Ls; s bte; ePhpy; Fsph; e;j ePiur;
nrh;j; jhy; Fsph; e;j eP Uf;F bte;ePh pYs;s N:L gutp me;j f;
Fsph;e; j eP hpd; jd; ik khwp bte; ePuhfpwJ/ Kd;gpUe;j
bte;ePh pd; btg;gk; Fiwt[gl;L tpLfpwJ/
N:nlwpa Xh; ,Uk;g[j ;Jz; il Fsph;e ; j ePU s;s xU
ghj;jpuj;jpy; nghl;lhy; me;jf; Fsph;e; j eP h; N: lhFk;/
,Uk;g[j ; Jz; oy; Kd;gpUe;j N:L Fiwe;J (brythfp)
,Uf;f f; fhzyhk;/ Fsph;e;j eP hpd; nrh;f; ifahy; ,Uk;g[ j ;
Jz;oypUe;j N:L brythfptpl;lJ/
jPapd; RLk; jd; ikahdJ ntbwU bghUspd;

nrh;f; ifahy; mjw;Fk; gut[k; jd; ikahy; brythFkhW
mjhtJ Fiwa[k hW tFj;J s;s mUl;bgU"; n$hjp
Mz;ltnu/
174
jPa pdpy; btz;ikj; jpfHpay; gytha;

gytha;
btz;ik vd;gJ Rj;jk;/ ve;j xU bghUisj; jPapy;

Rl;lhYk; mjpYs;s mGf;f hdJ tpyfp mJ J}a;ika[Wk;/
jPahdJ mGf; if eP f;fpr; Rj;jkhf;Fk; jd;ikbfhz;L
jpfH;tjhy; gytif ed;ikfs; Vw;gLk;go tFj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
bghd;dhdJ jPa py; Rlr;R l vg;go gpufhrk;
mjpfkhfpd;wnjh mt;thnw jtj; jpdhy; fdy; Vw Vw
clyhdJ xsp njfkhf khWk;/
jPa pilg; g{btyhk; jpfGW jpwbkyhk;

N:hpa xspapdhy; jhkiu kyh;tJk; N:h paid nehf; fpna

N:hpafhe;jp kyh; e;J jpUk;g[t Jk; ehkwpe;jnj/ N: hpa xspapdhy;
kyh;fbsy;y hk; tz;z ';fs; epiwe; J tps';F khW Mw;wypd;
jPa pdpy; xspna jpfGw mikj;jjpy;

Ma;g y tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (438)
jPapdpy; (,Us; vd;g nj ,y;y hJ) xsp kl;Lnk

tPRk; go mikj;J mjdhy; gy ed;ikfs; cz;lhFk;g o
Fwpg;g[: cyf ,af; fnk gfypy; njhd;Wk; N: hpa xspapdhy;

epfGfpd;wJ/ re;j pu xsp ,utpny mikjp
jUfpd;wJ/ N: hpa xspapdhy; xspr; nrh;f ;if
K:yk; jhtu';f s; tha[ kz; lyj;j pYs; s fhpakpy
tha[itg; gpuhztha[thf khw;wp caph;f is thHr;
bra;fpwJ/ N: hpa mLg;gpy; N:h pa xspapdhy;
175
rikay; bra;ag;gLfpd;w J/ ,t;t hW vt;tsnth

tpj';fspy; xspahdJ ekf;Fg; gad;gLfpwJ/
jPa pil mUepiy jpUepiy fUepiy

Ma[w mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (440)
jPahdJ mf;fpdpaha; cs;s nghJ njhd;w hj mUt

epiy bfhz;l jha; cs;sJ/ (cjhuzk;: ghiyf; fha; r;rpf;
fPnH ,wf; fp itj;j hy; N:L MWtjw;F Kd; mijj;
bjhl;l hy; mJ RLk;/ Mdhy; mjpYs;s jPa hdJ
fz;Qqf;F j; njhd;whJ) bfhGe;J tpl;L vhpa[ k; beUg;g[
fz;zpw;Fj; bjhpfpd;w J/ tpwF. fhp nghd;w bghUs;f spy;
cs;s jPapidf; fUepiy vd;W Twyhk;/
,t;thW njhw;wkpy;yhj mUt epiya[ k;. njhw; wkhfpd;w
cUt epiya[k;. ikak; bfhz;Ls; s fU epiya[k; bfhz;L
jPahdJ tps';F khW mikj; j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
jPa pil K:tpay; brwptpj;J mjpw;g y

Ma;tif mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (442)
njhw;w k;. !;ghprk;. Xir. Mfpa K:d; W ,ay;g[fisj;

jPapdpy; bghUe; j itj;J mjpy; gy tpist[fs; Vw;gLkhW
jPa pil eLepiy jpfH;eL eLepiy


g{j';fspy; beUg;ghdJ eL epiyapy; tps';Ffpd;wJ/ ey;y
bghUnsh bfl;l bghUnsh vJthdhYk; jPapypl;lhy;
vhpe;JtpLk;/ Kothf mg; bghUisj; jd; kakhfnt Mf; fpj;
jd;Ds; nsna If;fpa khf;fpf; bfhs; Sk; eL epiyiaa[ k ;
jPapdpny rpwg;g[w tFj;j mUl;bgU"; n $hjp.
176
jPa pilg; bgUe;jpwy; rpj;jpfs; gy gy

tPL fl;Lfpd;w br'; fy; Kjy; tP;l;o w;Fj; njitahd
ghj;jpu';fSld; ehl;o w;Fj; njitg;gLk; ,ae;jpu';fs; tiu
jahhpf; f beUg;g[ njitg;gLfpd;wJ/ mzpfyd;fs;
bra;tjw;F k; beUg;g[ gad;gLfpwJ/ bgUe;jPa pdhy; Vw;gLk;
ehr tpist[fs; kpft[ k; fLikahf cs;s d/ vhpkiy
btoj;jhy; me;j beUg;ig mizf;f nth. mlf;f nth mJ
Vw;gLj;J k; ehrj; ijj; jLf;f nth VJk; tHpna ,y; iy/
,t;thW jPapdpy; mstpl Koah nguhw;wy; fis
mikj; J mjd; tpist[f isa[k ; gad;gLkhW mikj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
(m)
jtj;jhy; tUk; mUl; fdyhy; mstw; w Mw;wy; bgw;w
rpj;jpfs;. mc&;lkh rpj;jpfs; cl;gl midj; Jk; tps';F khW
jPa pilr; rpj;J fs; brg;g [W k; midj;J k;

g";r g{j';f spy; ekf;Fj; bjhpe;j bghpa beUg;g[
N:hpad;/ me; jr; N:hpa xsp ,y;i ynay; $Ptd;fs; $Ptpf;f
KoahJ/ re;jpudpd; Fsph;e;j ,jkhd xsp N:hpa xspapd;
gpujp gypg;ng MFk;/
jtk; bra;J jtf; fdy; cilnahh; Mw;Wk;

rpj;Jfnsh Vuhsk;/
,t;thW jPapdplj; jpy; rpj;J fs; Vw;gLk;goa[k ;
jtKilnahh; brhy; byy; yhk; gypf;Fk;goa[ k; mikj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
Mjhuk; ? mk;gyj; jpy; v'; fs; Iah; Moa ey;y hl;l k;

md;bghL Jjpj;jth;f ;F MdJ brhy;yhl;lk;/
177
jPa pilr; rj;jpfs; brwpjU rj;jh;fs;

jPapdplj;nj Mf;f y;. mspj;j y;. mHpj;jy; Kjypa

bray;ghLfs; midj;J k; epfH;j;j f;T oa rf;jpfSk;. mjw;F
K:yfhuzkhd rj;j h;fSk; gy tifapy; tps';F khW tFj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
Fwpg;g[ : N:hpa btg;gj;jpdhy; jahhpf; fg;gLk; kpd;rhuk; xU

bghpa rf;j pahFk;/ ve;jr; N:hpa xsp $Ptuhrpfs;
thH;tjw;F Mjhukhf cs;snjh mnj N:hpa xsp
vYk;gpy;yhj g[G nghd;w $Ptd; fis vhpj;J k;
tpLk;/
jPa pil caph;g y jpfGW bghUs;

bghUs; gy
Ma;tif mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (452)
btg;gj;jpdhy; caph; fs; thGkhW bra; jjd;wpg; gytpj

$lg; bghUl; fSf;Fk; Mjhukhf ,Uf;FkhW mikj; j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
vy;yh $Ptd;fl;F k; njitahd gpuhz tha[ Kjypad
tha[ kz;lyj;jpny epiyahf ,Uf; ft[k; $lg; bghUl; fs;
gj';bflhky; ,Ug;gjw;Fk; N:hpa xspna fhuzk;/
jPa pil epiygy jpfH; bray; gy gad;

jPahdJ kpFe;Jk; Fiwe;Jk; msnthL ,Ue;Jk; gy

epiyfspy; tps';fp mjdhy; tpisaf; Toa gad;fSk;
gyg;gythf ,Uf;Fk;go mikj; j mUl;bgU"; n$hjp
tP;l;ony tpsf;F vhptJ Fiwe;j jP mJnt kpFkhdhy;

,Uk;iga[ k; bghd;ida[k; cUf;F k;/
178
jPa pdpy; gf;F tk; nrh;F zk; ,aw; Fzk;

ve;jg; bghUSf;Fk; gf;Ftj;i jr; nrh;f; ff;T oa

Fzj;ij. ,ay;ghd jd;ikiaj; jPa pdplk; itj;J mjd;
tpisthfg; gytpjg; gad;fis mila[ khW tFj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
K:l;lk; nghl; l btg;gj;j py; fhahdJ fdpahfpwJ/
fhiaf; fdpahf;F k; gf;Ftk; me;j btg;gj; jpy;
,Uf;f pd;wJ/ mhprpia ePh py; nghl;L ntfitj;jhy; mhprpapd;
bfl;oj;jd; ik khwp bkd; ikahd gf;Ftkhd rhjkhfpwJ/
khh;fHp khjj; jpny N:h pa xsp FspUf; F ,jkhfg; gf;Ftkhf
cs;sJ/
jPa pil cUf;fpay; rpwg;g pay; bghJtpay;

Ma[w tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (458)
ve;jg; bghUisa[k; cUf;Fk; rpwg;ghd jd; ikiaj;

jPapdplj;jpy; bghJthf itj; J mj; jd;i k khwhJ
tps';Fk;g o tFj; j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
kz;. ,Uk;g[. brk;g[. bts;sp. j'; fk; Mfpa vy;y hg;
bghUl;fSk; jPa py; cUFk;/ jPapd; cUf;Fk; Mw;wypdhy;jhd;
cnyhf';fspypUe;J gy bghUl;fis cw;gj;j p bra;a
KofpwJ/
(m)
jtj;jpdhy; cz; lhFk; fdyhdJ fy;yhd kdija[k;
cUf;f pf; fdpt[W khW bra;t Jld; ,ij Ma;t[ bra;J
mwpa[k hW tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
Mjhuk; :
fw; nwd; rpw;wk;gyf; fy;tpiaf; fw;Wf; fUiz bewp
cw;nwd; vf;fhyKk; mHpahky; X';F k; xsp totk;
bgw;nwd; cyfpy; gpw epiyiag; gw;nwd; rpthde;jg;
gw;nw vd; gw; bwdg; gw;wpdnd/
179
jPa pay; gygy brwpj;jjpy; gyt[k;

Ma[wg; g[hpe;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (460)
jPapdpd; jd; ikfs; ,d;Dk; gyg;gythf mikj;J

mjdhy; gyg;gy tpist[fisa[k; epfGk;gog; g[ hpe; j
(fhw;wpay;) ? Kd;D iu 6k; ghfk;

fhw;W ,lk; tpl;L ,lk; efUtjhy; btg;gj;j pdhy;
tUk; g[Gf;fk; ,y;y hky; ek; khy; thH Kofpd; wJ/ fhw;wpny
bkd;ik td;ik vd;W gytpjKz;L/ g[ayhy; gy
Jd;g';fSk; cz;l hfpd;wd/ fhw;W ika';bfhz;L mGj;jk;
kpFe;J g[ayhf cUthfp kiH bghHpa itf;fpd;wJ ?
fhw;W fz;Qqf;Fj; njhd;w hjjhapUe; j hYk; !;ghpr czh;t hy;
mwpa Kofpd;wJ ? !;g hprk; jtpu Xira[k; fhw;wpy; cz;L/
g";r g{j';fspy; fhw;W eLthfpa beUg;g[f;Fk; filahfpa
thdj;jpw;Fk; ,ilna ,Ug;gjhy; ,il eL my;yJ fil
eL vdyhapw;W / fhw; wpny gpuhz tha[. fhpakpy tha[.
icwl;u $d;. iel;u$d; nghd; w gy tha[f;fs; mz; lj;j pYk;
mghdd; cjhdd; ,akhdd; nghd; w gytpj tha[f; fs;
gpz;lj; jpYk; cs;s d/ fhw;W $Pth;fl; F thHitf;Fk; caph;
K:r;rhf ,Uf;f pd;w J/ mJ bkd;ikahf tPrpr; RfKkspf;Fk;
? Niwahf tPrp cyifa[k; mHpf;Fk;/
epyj;j py; thH;e ;jhYk; eP hpy; thH;e ;jhYk; Rthrpf;f hky;
ve;j $Pt dhy; thH Koa[k; > $Pth;fspd; Ma[l;fhy tsh; r;rpa[k;.
Fiwt[k; mth;fs; tpLk; K:r;R f; fhw;wpd; tpisntahFk;/
g[wj;jpny fhw;w pd; bray;ghLfis tpsf;fpa ek; bgUkhdhh;
ekJ clk;gpnya[k; mjd; bray;ghl; il tpsf;Ffpd;w hh;/ kdk;
g[j;jp Kjypa fuz';fspd; ,af; fj;jpw;Fk; ek;K ila
Rthrj;j pw;Fk; beU';fpa bjhlh;g[ cz;L vd;f pwhh;/ fhw; wpd;
bray;ghLfshy; vt;t snth gad;fis ehk; Ja;f;f pd;n whk;/
Mof; fhw; wpy; mk;kpa[ k; gwf;Fk; vd;ghh;f s;/ mJnghy;
tPRfpd; w fhw;iwf; bfhz;L fhyj; ija[k; mwpa Koa[k;/
180
fhw;nwhL fhw;whf ,iwtd; fye; J bray;gLtij ek;

bgUkhdhh; tpsf;Ftij Cd;wp mwpnthkhf/
fhw;wpil mirapay; fiyapay; caphpay;

Mw;wypd; mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (462)
Xhplj; jpypUe;J kw;nwhhplj;jpw;F efuf; Toa

Mw;wiyf; fhw;w pdpy; mikj;J. $P th;fsplj;nj ,lfiy
gp';fiy RGk;id vd; w bgahpy; ,lJehrp. tyJ ehrp. eL
eho Mfpa K: d;W epiyfspy; Rthrk; ,a';Fk;g or; bra;J.
$Pth;fspd; caph; ,af;fnk fhw; wpdhy; ,Uf;F k;gog;
nguhw;w ypy; mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
fhw;wpilg; g{tpay; fUJW jpwtpay;

Mw;wypd; tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (464)
fhw;W bkd;ikahf tP Rk;nghJ g{ vt;tst[

bkd;ikahf tps';Ffpd;wnjh me;j bkd;ikiaf; fhw;wpy;
czh;fpd;nwhk;/ fz; Qqf;Fj; njhd;whj fhw;W !;ghpr
czh;tpdhy; fUj; jpdhy; mwpe; J bfhs;Sk; tifapy;
Mw;wYld; tFj;j mUl; bgU"; n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
fhw;wpdpy; Cwpay; fhl;L W gygy

CW = Jd;gk;
bkd;ikahd jd;i k kl;Lnk fhw;Wf;F cz;L

vd;gjpy;iy/
mJ bgU'; fhw;w hfg; g[ayhf tPRk; nghJ me;jf;
fhw;nw bgU";nrjj;i ja[k; bgUe; Jd;gj; ija[k ;
tpistpf; ff; Toa nguhw;wnyhL tps';Ffpd;wJ/ caph;r ;
nrjk;. bghUl; nrjk; Kjypa bgUe; jP' ;Ffisa[k ;
cz;lhf;Fk; Mw;w Yld; mikj;j mUl; bgU";n$hjp/
181
fhw;wpdpy; bgUepiy fUepiy mstpy

Mw;wt[k; tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (468)
fhw;wpdpny bgU';f hw;w hf tPR k; bgUepiya[ k ;
mg;bgU'; fhw; why; gyg;gy tpist[f is Vw;gLj;JkhWk;
cs;sJ/ mnj fhw;W ikak; bfhz;Lg; gpd; dh;
bgU';fhw;whf. g[ayhf cUthfpd;w J/ bgU';fhw;W vdg;
g[ayhft[k ;. ika';bfhs;Sk; jd;ikiaf; fUepiy vdt[k;
,itfshy; mstw;w Mw;wiy btspg;gLj;JkhWk; tFj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
fhw;wpil <hpay; fhl;o mjpw;g y

fhw;W tPRfpwJ vd;gij mJ ek;kPJ gLk;nghJ
Vw;gLk; !;ghpr czh;tpdhy; kl;L nk mwpe;J bfhs; s
KofpwJ/ fhw;W tPRk; nghJ Xira[k; cz; lhfpwJ/
fhw;wpny !;ghprk;. Xir Mfpa ,uz;L ,ay;g[f is
mikj; J mjpny gytpj bray; fis elj;jt[k ; tFj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
fhw;wpdpy; ,il eL fil eL mfk;g [wk;

Mw;wt[k; tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (472)
kz;. ePh;. beUg;g[. fhw;W. Mfhak; Mfpa g";r g{j
thpirapy; eLthfpa beUg;gpw;Fk; filahfpa Mfhaj;jpw;Fk;
,ilapny fhw;W Twg;gLtjhy; mJ ,ileL (my;yJ)
fileL vd;w epiy bgw;w J/
Mfhak; ? fil
fhw;W (,ileL ? fileL)
beUg;g[ (eL)
ePh; (mo eL)
kz; (mo)
nkYk; fhw; whdJ g[wj; jpny ,a';FtJld; xt;bthU
$Ptuhrpapd; clk;gpny (mfj;jpny) ,a';FkhWk; tFj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
182
fhw;wpdpy; Fzk;g y fzk; gy tzk;g y

fhw;whdJ bkd;ikahf tPrpr; Rfj;ija[k ; jUk;/

g[ayhf tPrpj; Jd;gj;ija[k; tpistpf; Fk;. vhpa[k ; jP nkYk;
vhpaf; fhw;W cjt[k ;/ rpW jPahdhy; fhw;W me;j j; jPia
mizf; ft[k; bra;a [k;/
fhw;W vd;W bghJthfr; brhd;d hYk; mwptpay;
epg[zh; fs; mJ xd;w y;y gytpjkhd tha[f;fs; nrh;e ;j xU
Tl;lnk vd;fpd;wdh;/ mjhtJ fhw;wpny gpuhztha[.
fhpakpytha[. icwl;u $d; tha[. iel;u $d; tha[ nghd; w gy
tha[f;fs; btspapYk; mghdd; cjhdd; nghd;w tha[f;f s;
gpz;lj; jpYk; bray;gLfpd;wd/ ,e; j tha[f; Tl; l';f isna
fzk;gy vd;W TWfpd;whh;/
xt;bthU tha[tpw;Fk; xt;bthU Fzk; ,Ug;g jhy;
me;jf; Fz';fis tz;z ';fs; vdf; Twg;gl;Ls; sJ/
fhw;wpny Fz';f s; gy. tiffs; gy. jd;i kfs; gy
tFj;J ,it midj;jpYk; Mw;wiya[k; mikj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
fhw;wpilr; rj;jpfs; fzf;fpy cyg;g py

Mw;wt[k; mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (476)
fhw;wpdhy; Vw;gLk; tpist[f is mstpl;L f; Tw

KoahJ/ caph; fis thH;t pf;Fk; mnj fhw;W N:iwf;
fhw;whf khwp caph; fis mHpf;f t[k; bra;a[k ;/ mJ
bkd;ikahf tPr pr; Rfj;i ja[k; jUk; / td;ikahf khwp
tUj;jt[ k; bra;a[k ;/ me;j f; fhw;w hdJ kpd;rhuk; cw;gj;jp
bra;at[k; gad;gLfpd;wJ/ ,t;thW me; jf; fhw;wpd; rf;jpfs;
mstw;w jhf cs;sJ kl;Lkpd;wp mjd; Mw;wy; vf;fhyj;Jk;
Fiwt[glhkYk; tps';FkhW mikj;j mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
,e;j g{ kz; lyj; ijr; Rw;wpa[ s;s Xnrhd; vd;w fhw;W
tisak; N: hpadplkpUe;J tUfpd;w btg;gj; jpdhy;
183
Vw;glf; Toa gy jPaitfisg; g{kpia mQqfbthl;lhky;

jil bra;J caph;f is thH itj;Jf; bfhz; oUf; fpd; wJ/
fhw;wpny cs;s <ug;girjhd; kiHf;F fhuzk;/
fhw;wpilr; rj;jh;fs; fzpj';fle;jd

rj;jp vd;gJ bray; ? me;jr; bray; epfHf;

fhuzkha[s;s J my;yJ me;jr; rj;jpia ,af;ff;Toa
Mw;wy; cs; sJ vJnth mJnt rj;j h; vdg;gLtJ/ fhw;W
bkd;ikahf tPRtJk; td; ikahf tPR tJk; g[ayhf tPRtJk;
mjd; brayhFk; ? caph;fis thH itg;gJk; mHpg;gJk;
fhw;wpd; bray;ghnl MFk;/ ,r; bray; fl;bfy;yhk; fhuzkhf
cs;sJ vJnth mJnt rj; jh; vdg;gl; lJ/ fhw;w pd; rj;jpfs;
mjhtJ bray;ghL fzf;fpy;yhjit/ vdnt
mr;rf;jpfSf;Ff; fhuzkhf cs;s rj;jh; fSk;
fzf;fpy;yhjit Mapd/
fhw;wpdpy; bray;g hLfisg; gythf itj;J mij
,af;F'; fhuz fh;j ;jhf;fshfpa rj; jh;fisa[k; fzf;f py;
ml';f hjthW mikj;j mUl; bgU"; n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
capuw;w $lg;bghUs;fisg; gf;Ftk; mgf;Ftk; gf;Fth
gf;Ftk; vd K:d;W tifahfg; gphpj; jJ tha[tpd;
branyahFk;/ bghUs;fs; K: d;W tifahfg; gphpf;f f; fhw;W
fhuzk; mjhtJ rj;jh; vd mike;j J/
fhw;wpil caph;g y fjp gy fiy gy

ve;j $PtDk; fhw; wpy; yhky; caph; thH ,ayhJ/

fhw;W kz;lyk; v';F ,y;i ynah m';nf caph; fs; vJt[k ;
thH;tjpy;iy/ (re;jpu kz; lyj; jpny fhw;n w ,y;yhjjhy;
m';nf ve;j capUk; thHtpy; iy) vy; yh caph;fSk; fhw;iwr;
Rthrpj; nj thH;fpd;wd/
184
fjp vd;gJ fhw;W tPRk; jd;i kiaf; Fwpg;gJ/

mJt[k; gythf ,Ug;gijf; fhz;fpnwhk;/ kdpjh;fshfpa ehk;
xU epkplj;j pw;Fr; ruhrhp 15 Kiw Rthrpf;fpd;nwhk;/
Mdhy; Miknah xU epkplj;j pw;F xnu xU Kiwjhd;
Rthrpf; fpd; wJ/ fjp vd;g J nghf;F/ RthrkhdJ vy; yh
$Ptd;fl;Fk; xnu khjphp ,Ug;gjpy;iy/ vdnt fjpgy vd
ek; bgUkhdhh; TWfpd;whh;/ rpj;j tpj;ahh;j;j pfs;
vdg;gLnthh; mRtfjp. rpk;kfjp vd;bwy;yhk; fjpia
tFj;Jg; bgahpl;Ls;sdh;/
g[wj;jpnya[k ; tPR fpd; w fhw;w pd; nghf;F xnu khjphpahf
,Ug;gjpy; iy/ vdnt fjpfs; gy vd;gJ g[wj;jpw;Fk;
bghUe;J k;/
ehk; Rthrpf;fpd;w fhw;whdJ ,lJ ehrpapy; elg;gijr;
re;jpu fiy vd;W k;. tyJ ehrpapy; elg;gijr; N:h pafiy
vd;W k;. eL ehoiar; RGk;i d vdt[k; bgahpl; oUf; fpd; wdh;/
fhw;wpdhy; vy;y h caph; fSk; thGk;goa[k;. Rthrpf;fpd;w
jd;ik gythft[k ;. ,lJ. tyJ. eL vd; w mstpy;
fiyfs; gythft[k; kpFe;j Mw;wYld; fhw;wpid mikj;j
fhw;wpil ehdpiyf; fUtpfs; midj;jpida[k;

Mw;W w tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (482)
kdk; bray;gLk;nghJ mjd; bjhlh;ghfg; g[j;jp. rpj; jk;.

mf';f huk; Mfpa K: d;Wk; bray;gLk; / kdk; bray;gLk;
tiu RthrKk; ,a';Fk;/ vdnt Rthrk; jilgLkhdhy;
kdKk; jilgLk;/ Rthrkhfpa fhw;W. kdk;. g[j;jp. rpj;jk;.
mf';f huk; Mfpa ehd;F fUtpfisa[ k; ,a';f itf;f pwJ/
,t;thW ,a'; f itj;j mUl; bgU"; n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
ehdpiyf; fUtpfs; kdk; g[j; jp rpj;jk; mf'; fhuk;
vd;gjw;F Mjhuk;/
kdKjw; fUtpfs; kd;Daph; btspapil

mdKw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (mfty; 574)
185
kdk; ,a';fr; Rthrk; ,a';Fk; vd;gjw;F Mjhuk;:
kd; kdk; v';Fz;L tha[t';F z;L

kd; kdk; v';fpy;iy tha[t[ k';f py;i y
kd; kdj;Jns kfpH;e ;jpUg;ghh;f ;F
kd; kdj;Jns kndhyakhnk (jpUke;jpuk;)
fhw;wpil czhpay; fUjpay; Mjpa

Mw;W w tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (484)
kuk;. bro. bfhofspd; miritf; bfhz;Lk;. ek;

clk;gpd; kP J gLfpd;w !;ghpr czh;itf; bfhz;L k;
tPRfpd; w fhw;iw mwpa Kofpd; wJ/ fhw;W vd;g J
fz;zpw;Fj; bjhpahj bghUshdhYk; !;ghpr czh;tpdhy;
mwpa Kofpd;wJ/
fz;Qqf;F j; njhw; whj fhw;i w !; ghpr czh;itf;

bfhz;L fUj;jhy; mwpaf; Toa mstpy; bray;ghLfs;
epfGk;t if mikj;j mUl; bgU"; n$hjp/
fhw;wpilr; brabyyhk; fUjpa gabdyhk;

Jzpfspy; cs; s <uj; ijf; fhw;W cwp";rpj; Jzpfis

cyh;j; Jfpd;wJ/ flypny glfhdJ gha;kuk; tphpf;fg;gl;lt[l d;
fhw;wpdhy; ce; jg;gl;Lj; jhdhfnt bry;fpwJ/ tptrhapfs;
bey;ypy; cs;s gjh; fisj; J}w;wpf; bfhs;s tPR k; fhw; nw
cjt[fpd;wJ/ mLg;g [ vhptJ Kjy; kpd;rhuk; cw;gj;j p
bra;tJtiu gytpjkhd bray;fs; fhw;wpdhy; epfH;fpd;wd/
mr; bray;f spdhy; vd;bdd;d gad;fis mila
vz;Qqfpd;nwhnkh mtw;i wbayhk; mila[k hW tFj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
186
fhw;wpdpy; gf;F tf; fjpbayhk; tpistpj;J

Mw;wypd; tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (488)
fhw;wpd; tPR k; jd;ikna fjp vdg; gLtjhk;/ fhw;W

bkd;ikahft[k ; tPryhk;/ td;ikahft[k ; tPryhk;/
nfhilfhyj; jpy; bta;a pypd; btg;g k; kpFjpahf cs; s
neuj;j py; fly; fhw;W efiu nehf;f p tPRk;nghJ gf;Ftkhd
xU Rfj; ij mspf; fpwJ/ mnj nghyj; bjd;wy; fhw;Wk;
Rfk; jUtjhFk;/ fhw;wpny ,t;thW gytpj gf;Ftkhd
fjpfis Vw;gLj;jp mit mit mitfl;Fhpa fhy';f spy;
epfGkhW tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
fhw;wpdpy; fhyk; fUJW tifbayhk;

nfhil fhyj;jpny mdy; fhw;W tPRk;/ Fsph;

fhyj;j pny thilf; fhw;W tPRk;/ tre;j fhyj; jpny
bjd;wy; fhw;W tPRk;/ Mof; fhw; wpy; mk;kpa[k; gwf;Fk;
vd;gJ gHbkhHp/ gyj; j fhw;W Mo khjj;jpny tP Rk;/
,t;thW fhyj;jpw; nfw;wthW fhw; iw tPRk;g or; bra;J
mf;fhw;wpd; tPRk; jd;ikiaf; bfhz; nl fhyj; ij (nfhil
? Fsph; ? tre;j k;) mwpa[ khW mikj; j mUl;bgU"; n$hjp/
fhw;wpay; gygy fzpj;jjpw; gpwt[k;

fhw;wpd; jd;i kfs; gythft[k; mjdhy; bray;ghLfs;

gyg;gy epfGkhWk; tFj;j mUl; b gU";n$hjp ? gpwt[k ;
vd;gJ ,Jtiu TwpaJnghff; Twhky; tpLgl;L s;s
bray;fisf; Fwpg;gjhFk;/
(btspapay;) ? Kd;D iu 7k; ghfk;

g:";rg{j'; fspy; filrpahf cs; s Mfhaj;ijg; gw;wpa
tphpt[fs; ,dp tUk; thpfspy; Twg;gLfpd;wd/ ,e;jg; gue;j
187
btspapny mz;l';fs; njhd;wpf; bfhz;nl ,Uf;fpd;wd/

njhd;W k; mz;l ';fs; mj; jidf;Fk; ,lk; bfhLj;J ,e;j
btsp tphpe;J bfhz;nl tUfpd; wjhk;/ Xir xd;W kl;Lk;
btspapny epiwe; J vy;yh mz;l';fSk; me;j btspf;Fs; ns
gf;Ftkhf mika[khW Mz; lth; tFj;Js;s hh;/ N:h pad;
re;jpud; Kjypa mj;jid nfhs; fSk; btspapypUe;n j
njhd;w pait MFk;/ g";r g{j'; fspy; moepiy kz; vdpy;
Koepiy btspahf cs; sJ/ btspapypUe;J njhd;wpa
mj;jid bghUl; fSk; btspapnyna ml';f ptpLtd MFk;/
btspf;F ve;jg; bghUisa[ k; me; jhpf;Fk; Mw; wYz;L/
mUtkhf cs; s btspapny kz; eP h; beUg;g[ fhw;W nghd;w
g{j jj;Jt'; fs; gyt[ k; tps';Ffpd; wd/ re;jhd tpUj;jp
bra;a[k; mj;j id capuQqf;fSk; btspapny epiwe; Js;s d/
btspapd; Mw; wy;f is ,d;Dk; tphpf; fpy; bgUFk; vd ek;
bgUkhdhh; bjhptpf;fpd;whh;/
btspapilg; gFjpapd; tphptpay; miztpay;

Muk;gk;. Kot[ vd;w ,uz;Lk; ,y; yhjnj ,e;jg; gue; j

btspahFk;/ ,g;gog;gl; l gue;j btspapny g{kp vd;gJ xU
fpufk;/ brt;t ha;. g[j d;. tpahHd;. Rf;fpud;. rdp vd;gd
nghd;w gyg;gy nfhs;fisf; bfhz; lnj Xh; mz;lkhFk;/
Xh; mz;l k; vd;gJ btspapd; xU gFjpna MFk;/ ,t;thW
gyg;gy gFjpfisf; bfhz;l nj btspahFk;/ mz; l';f nsh
g[jpJ g[jpjhfj; njhd;wpf; bfhz;nl ,Uf;fpd;wd/ njhd;wpa
mz;l';fisa[k; njhd;wpf; bfhz;o Uf; fpd;w mz; l';f isa[k ;
jd;Ds; ns mlf;fpf; bfhz;L btspahdJ tps';F fpd; wJ/
tphpe;J bfhz;nl tUfpd;w btspapd; gFjpfshd
mz;l';fisa[k; mt;t z;l';fisj; jd; Ds;nsna mizj;J f;
bfhz;L tps';Ffpd;w ghpgf;Ft epiyiaa[k; btsp vd;f pw
tpz;zpny mikj; j mUl;bgU";n $hjp/
njhd;w pa mz;l'; fisa[ k; g[jpJ g[jpjhfj; njhd;Wk;
mz;l';fisa[k; jd;Dns bfhs;f pwJ vd;gjw;F Mjhuk;/
188
mz;l bkyhk; gpz;lbkyhk; caph;fbsyhk; bghUs;fs;

Mdbtyhk; ,l';fbsyhk; eP f;fkw epiwe;nj
bfhz;l btyhk; bfhz;l btyhk; bfhz; L bfhz;L nkYk;
bfhs;tjw;nf ,l';bfhLj;Jf; bfhz;L rypg;gpd;wpf;
fz;lbkyhk; fle;J epd;n w mfz;l kjha; mJt[k;
fle;j btspaha; mJt['; fle;j jdpbtspaha;
xz;lF rpw;w k;gyj;nj vy;yhk; ty;ytuha;
X';Ffpd;w jdpf; flt[ s; xUtUz; nl fz; Oh ;/
(jpUtUl;g h 3276)
btspapilg;
btspapilg; g{btyhk; tpag;g [W jpwbdyhk;
btsp vd;g J fodkhdjy;y/ czh;tjw;Fk; mhpa

bkd;ika[ilaJ/ Mdhy; me; j btspapny. eilbgWk;
gyg;gy epfH;r; rpfis mwpa[ k;nghJ nguhr;rhpak; Vw;gLfpwJ/
N:hpad; fpHf;fpypUe;J nkw;F nehf;fpr; bry;tJnghy;
njhw;w kspf;fpwJ. cz;ikapy; N:hpad; efh;t jpy; iy/
btspapy; xd;W kpy; iy vd vz;Qqfpd;nwhk;/ gpwtpf;Ff;
fhuzkha[s;s re; jhd mQqf;fs; Mfhaj;jpy; epuk;gpa[ s;sd.
btspapny cs;s mz;l'; fs; vj;jidbad;W fzf;fpl
Koa[kh> mjpny md;w hlk; eilbgw;Wf; bfhz;oUf;fpd;w
epfH;r ;rpfis mwpa Koa[kh/ ,e;j btsp v'; nf
Muk;gpf;fpwJ. v'; nf KofpwJ vd; gij ahuhy; tpsf; f
Koa[k; > btspia Ma;tjw;F Kw;gl;l hy; tpag;g[ fs;
njhd;W nkbahHpa mjd; Mw;wiy mstplKoa[k h>
,t;thW btspapil g{kp nghd;w vy;yhf; nfhs;fisa[k;
cyt tpl;L. mtw;i wbay; yhk; me;j btspahdJ jh';fpf;
bfhz;o Uf;Fk;go mikj;J mjpny tpag;g[Wk; tifapy;
gyg;gy Mw; wy;f isg; gf; Ftkhf mikj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
189
btspapdpy; xyp epiw tpadpiy midj;J k;

btspapny Xir epiwe; J ,ay;ghf cs;sJ/ btsp

vd;gJ v';Fk; gutpa[s;sJ/ vy;yhf; nfhs;fSk; vy;yh
mz;l';fSk; ,e;j btspf;Fs;n sna ml';fpa[ k; nkYk; ,lk;
N:d;akha; cs; sthW tphpe;Js;sJ btspahFk;/ v';Fkha;
tphpe;J gue; J epiwe;Js; s btspapy; vy;y htw;i wa[k;
gf;FtKWkhW mikj; j mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
btspapilf; fUepiy tphpepiy

tphpepiy mUepiy
mspbfhs tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (500)
ehk; fhQqfpd; w mj; jidg; bghUl;fSk;

tpz;zpypUe; ; nj njhd; wpajhy; tpz;z hdJ fUepiy vdf;
Twg;gl;lJ btsp vd; fpd; w tpz;z hdJ Kont ,y;yhJ
v';Fk; gutp ,Ug;g jhy; tphpepiy Mapw;W/ kz;. ePh;.
beUg;g[ nghd;W fhzf; ToathW ,y;yhky; ,Ug;gjhy;
mUepiy vdg;g l;lJ/ ,t;thW fUepiy. tphpepiy.
mUepiy Mfpa K:d ;W epiyfis kpfg; gf;Ftkhff;
bfhz;Ls;sthW tp;z;i d tFj; j mUl;bgU"; n$hjp/
btspapil Ko epiy tps';F w tFj;nj

mspbgw tpsf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (502)
kz;. ePh ;. beUg;g[. fhw;W. Mfhak; Mfpa Ie;J

g{j';fspy; kz; mo vd;why; me;j thpirapy; tpz;zhdJ
Koahf tps';F fpd; wJ/ g[wj; jpy; kl;Lky;y hJ mfj;nja[ k ;
,e;jphpa';f s; fuz';fs; Mfpait fiue;J btspahd
mDgt epiyna Kothdjhf tps';Ffpd;wJ/
190
,t;thW mfj;J k; g[ wj;J k; btspna Kothd xd;w hf

tps';Fk;g og; gf;Ftkhf mikj; j mUl;bgU"; n$hjp
Mz;ltnu/
btspapdpy; rj;jpfs; tpag;g [W rj;jh;fs;

mspa[w tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (504)
btspapnyapUe; J njhd; wpa beUg;g[ ePh; kz; nghd;w

g{j';fSk; kw; iwa nfhs;fSk; kw;w vy;yhKk; fhyg;nghf;fpy;
xL';fg; nghtJ btspapnyahk;/ btspahdJ jd;Ds;
,Uf;f pd;w ve; jg; bghUisa[k; ,y;yhky; mHpf;fpd;w
me;jhpf;Fk; rf;j p bfhz;Ls;s J/ tpz;zpny eilbgWk;
Mr;rh;ag;gLk;goahd epfH;r ;rpfSf;Fk; tpz;n z fhuzkha;
mike; Js;s J/ ,t;thW gy tpist[fis cz;l hf;Fk;
rf;jpfSk; me;jr; rj;jpfis ,af;Ftpf;Fk; rj;j h;fSk;
kpfkpfg; gf;Ftkhf ,a';Fk;go tFj;j mUl;bgU"; n$hjp/
(m)
kdk;. g[j;jp. rpj;jk;. mf';fhuk; Mfpa fuz'; fs;

bray;ghlw;w btsp mDgtk; mfj;n j njhd;wpdhy;
bray;ghLfshfpa rpj; Jf;fSk; mjw;Fhpa chpikfSk;
gf;Ftkhf mila[khW tFj; j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
btspapil xd;nw tphpj;

tphpj;jjpw; gw;gy
mspa[w tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (506)
btspapdpy; N:d;a k; vd;fpw mUt epiy xd;i wna

v';Fk; gug;gp mjpny gyg; gy gf;Ftkhd tpist[f s;
Vw;gLk;go tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
191
btspapilg; gynt tphpj;jjpw; gw;g y

mspju mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (508)
gue;j btspapny mz;l ';fs; ? nfhs;f s; ? cyf'; fs; /

kz; ? ePh; ? beUg;g[ ? fhw;W nghd;w gy g{jj;
jj;Jt'; fs; kl;L kpd; wp ,d;Dk; gytw; iwg; gutyhf tphpj;J
mjpny gw;gy tpist[ fis mikj;j mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
(m)
fuz';f s; Kjypad fiue; j btsp mDgtk; mfj;j pd;
fz;nz njhd;W ';fhy; mjpny vz;zw;w rpj;J f;fisj;
njhw;W tpj;J mit gyg;gy vd;w mstpy; tphpj; Jg;
gf;Ftkhd mDgt';f is mila[k;go mikj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
btspapil caphpay; tpj;jpay; rpj;jpay;

mspbgw mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (510)
,e;jg; gue;j btspapny re;j hdj; ij tpUj;j p bra;a[ k ;

$Pt mQqf;fs; epiwe;Js; sd/ gf;F tk; mgf;Ftk; gf;Fth
gf;Ftk; vd ,it K: d;W tiffshfg; gphpf;fg;gl;L s;sd/
$Pt mQqf;fisf; fhhpag;glitf;Fk; gukhd; k mQqf;fspd;
,af;fj; jhy; Vw;gLfpd;w rpj;j p tpist[fSk; Kw; Twpa
gf;Ft epiyfl;nfw;g mila[khW mikj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
(my;yJ)
mDgt btsp njhd;W';fhy; $Pthd;k hthfpa capuQq

gukhd;k ht[ld; If;fpag;g l;Lg; gyg;gy rpj;jp mDgt';fisa[k ;
rpj;J tpist[fisa[k; gf;Ftkhfg; bgWk;go mikj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
192
btspapd; midj;ija[k; tphpj;J mjpw; gpwt[k;

gue;j tpz;btspahdJ N: hpad; re; jpud; tpz; kPd;f s;.

nfhs;f s; Kjypatw;W ld; ,d;Dk; vd;bdd; d cs; sdnth
mit midj;jpida[k; jd;D s;ns bfhz;Ls;s J/
,itbay;y hk; Xhplj; jpnyna mike;Jtplhky; mwptpd;
vy;iyf;F mg;ghw;gl;Lg; gutyhf tphpa[ k;gor; bra;J mjpw;gy
gf;Ft epiyfis mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
(m)
caph;btsp. fiybtsp. gubtsp. guk;ghbtsp. guhgubtsp.

bgUbtsp nghd;w gyg;gy mDgt btspfis mikj;J
mtw;wpd; mDgt';f isg; bgW';fhy; gyg; gf;Ft';f s;
tps';f mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
Kd;Diu mfg;g[wtphp/ (ghfk; 8)

,Jtiu g";rg{j'; fspd; tphpit tpsf; fp te;j
ek;bgUkhdhh; mLj;j thp bjhl';fp gpz;lj;jpDs;ns
,iwtd; vg;g of; fhhpag;gLfpd;whd; vd tpsf;Ffpd;w hh;/
,dptUk; thpfspy; mfeL. mff;fil. mfg;g[w eL.
mfg;g[wf;fil. g[ weL. g[w f;fil g[w g;g[weL. g[wg;g[w f;fil
nghd;w thh;j ;ijfis ek; bgUkhdhh; ifahSfpd;whh;/
,e;j thh;j;i jfis ,Jtiu te;j mUshsh;fs; ghoitj;j
njthuk;. jpUthrfk;. jpUke;jpuk;. jpUg;g[f H; nghd;w
vjdpYk; ifahsg;gl;ljhfj; bjhpatpy;iy/ vdnt
,t;thh;j ;ijfl;F ciu ,d;dbjd;W fhz ,aytpy;iy/
vdpDk; ciueilapy;. ek; bgUkhdhh;. rpy fUj;Jf; fis
moapw; Fwpj;Js; sthW Twpa[s; shh;/
193
@ flt[s; fhhpag;gLkplk;
mz;lj;jpy; gpz;lj; jpy;

mfk; mf;fpdp Md;kh
mfg;g[wk; N:hpad; $Ptd;
g[wk; re;jpud; fuz';f s;
g[wg;g[wk; el;rj; jpu';fs; ,e;jphpa';f s;
,Jtiu te;n jhh; fuz'; fs; ehd;F vd tiuaiw

bra;jpUf;f ek; bgUkhdhnuh Ie; J vdf; TWfpd;whh;/
(jj;Jt'; fs; 96 fhz;f)
1/ kdk;
2/ g[j;jp
3/ rpj;j k;
4/ mf'; fhuk;
5/ cs;sk;
,e;jphpa';fSk; bka;. tha;. fz;. K: f;F. brtp vd
Ie;jhFk;/ ,tw;iw Mjhukhf itj;n j Toatiu ciufhz
Kaw;rp bra;ag;gl;L s;sJ/ ,e;j tpsf;f k; xUthW
Twg;gLtnjbahHpa ek; bgUkhdhh; vd;d fUjp vGjpdhnuh
ahh; mwpthh;>
g[weLbthL fil g[zh;g ;gpj;J xU Kjy;

mwKw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (514)
g[wk; vd;gJ fuz'; fs; mjhtJ

1/ kdk;
2/ g[j;jp
3/ rpj;j k;
4/ mf'; fhuk;
5/ cs;sk;
g[weL = rpj;jk;
194
fil = cs; sk; = mwpt[

xUKjy; = kdk; ey;y kdk; bfl;l kdk; vd ,U
Twhf cs;sJ = xU Kjy; ey;y kdk;/ fuz';fspd;
bjhHpw;ghL :
kdk; = epidj;j y;
g[j;jp = tprhhpj; jy;
rpj;jk; = epr;rapj;jy;
mf';f huk; = bray;gLjy;
cs;sk; = mwpt[ kakhjy;
ve;jr; braiya[k; jP h;khdpf; fpd; w rpj;jj;J ld; fil
vdg;gLk; cs;skhfpa mwpt[ To epr;rapf;F nkahdhy; xU
Kjyhfpa ey;y kdk; jUk tHp ? neh;ik tHp ? ePjp tHp
mila[k hW tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
g[we;jiy eLbthL g[zh;g ;gpj;J xU fil

mwk; bgw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (516)
cs;bshd;W itj; Jg; g[wk;bghd;W ngRthh; cwt[

fythik ntz;Lk; vd;W bja;t kzpkhiyapy; ghLfpd;whh;/
Iah ehd; ntz;Ljy; nfl;L mUs; g[hpjy; ntz;Lk;
vdj; bjhl';F k; jpU mUl;g htpy; bgha;ahj tha; ikfns
g[fd;wpLjy; ntz;Lk; g[ fd;wgo g[fd;wgo g[h pe;j pLjy;
ntz;Lk; vd; fpd; whh;/ Kd; thpapny ey; y kdk; jUk
tHpf;F tUfpd; w khh;f;f j;ijf; Twpdhh;/ kdk; kl;Lk;
jUk tHp te;jhy; nghJkh> mJ bray;ghl;oy; btspg;gl
ntz;Lnk ? ,e; j thpapy; mjd; tpsf; fk; :
g[we;jiy = Kd;thpg;go mwtHpte; j kdk;
eL = jphpfuzk; vd;fpd;w kdk;. thf;F.
fhak; Mfpa K:d; wpy; eLthfpa
thf;F
fil = jphpfuzj;j py; filahfpa bray; ?
ey;y bray;. jPa bray; = xU fil
= ey; y bray;/
195
mwtHp cw;w ey;y kdjpd; J}a vz; z';fs; thf;fpd;

K:yk; btspg;gLk;gor; bra; jhy; xU filahfpa ew; bray;f s;
mwtHpapny mika[ khW tFj; j mUl;b gU";n$hjp/
mfg;g [w eLf;fil mizthy; g[wKjy;

mfg;g l tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (518)
mfg;g[wk; = $Ptd;
eL = rig/ Mjhuk; eL eho eL
eho elkhLk; gjpna
fil = $hf;uj; ? brhg;d k; ? RGj;j p ?
Jhpak; vd;w mtj;i jfspy;
filahdjhfpa Jhpak;
g[wKjy; = kdk;
$Ptfhrkhfpa rpw;rigapy; Jhpaepiy mDgtk;
Vw;gLk;nghJ kdkhdJ ek; trk; mfg;gLk;go tFj;j
mfg;g [w eL Kjy; mizthy; g[wf;fil

mfg;g l mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (520)
mfg;g[weL = Kd; thpapy; Twg;gl; lJnghy

$Pthfhrkhfpa rpw;rig
Kjy; = kdk;
g[wf;fil = fuz';f spd; filrpahfpa
cs;sk;/ (g[ wk; vd;gJ fuz';f s;
vd Kd; dnu tpsf; fg;gl;Ls;sJ)
$Pthfhrkhfpa rpw;rigapy; kdk; nrh;e; J tpLk; rkak;
g[wf; filahfpa cs;sk; vDk; mwpt[ ek; trk; mfg;gLkhW
fUjf eLbthL fil mize;J mfKjy;

mUSw mikj;j mU
mUl;
l;bgU";n$hjp (522)
mfk; = Md;kh
196
eL = rig
mfeL = Md;khfhrk;
fil = JhpahjP jk;
($Pthfhrj;jpy; Jhpak;
mDgtkhtjhy; Md;k hfhrj;jpy;
JhpahjP jk; fil vdg;gl; lJ)
Md;khfhrj; jpy; Jhpah jPj epiy mDgtk;
nrUk; nghJ mf Kjyhfpa Md;k h mUs; mila[khW
jzpaf eLbthL jiy mize;J mff;fil

mzpa[w tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (524)
jzp mf eL = rhe;jk; epiwe; j Md;khfhrk;

jiy = Md;kh (Kd;thpirapy; TwpathW
mUs; bgw;w Md; kh)
mff; fil = Md; k mwpt[
rhe;jk; epiwe;j cs;sbkDk; Md;khfhrkhfpa
bghw;rigapy; mUs;bgw; w Md;khthdJ nrh;e;jt[ld; Md;k
mwpt[ jhpf;FkhW tFj;j mUl; bgU"; n $hjp/
mfeL g[wf;fil mize;J mfg;g [wKjy;

mfKw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (526)
mfk; vd;f pd;w Md;k hthdJ eL vDk; rigahfpa

Md;khfhrj; jpy; g[w f;fil vd;Dk; cs;sj; Jld; ,iza[k ;
rkak; mfg;g[w Kjyhfpa $Ptd; ek; Ks; mjhtJ
mfj;j pnyna mila[k;go tFj;j mUl; bgU";n$hjp/
Fwpg;g[ $PtdhdJ ek; clk;gpDs;ns ,Ue;j hYk;

EiuaPuy;. fy;yP uy;. ,Ujak;. rpWePu fk; nghd;W
clypd; cs;SWg;ghf ,y;yhj fhuzj; jhy; me; j
$PtdhdJ ,e;j clypy; fyfk; nehpl;l
197
fhyj;j p;y; jatpd;wp btspnawp tpLfpd;w J/

vdnt mij cs;SWg;ghf khw;wptpl; lhy; me; j
$PtdhdJ cliy tpl;L btspnawhJ ? kuzKk;
rk;gtpf; fhJ. ve; j mDgtj; jpy; $PtdhdJ
cs;SWg;ghf khWk; vd ,e;j thpapy;
tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;s J ? nkYk; mfty; thp 688
fhz;f)
mfk; ? Md;kh
eL ? rig
g[wf;fil ? g[wkhfpa fuz';fspy; filahfpa cs;s k;.
mfg;g[wKjy; $Ptd;
mfeL g[wj;jiy mize;J mfg;g [wf;fil

mfypil tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (528)
mfk; vDk; Md;k hthdJ eL vDk; rigapy;

g[wj;jiy vDk; ey;y kdJld; ,iza[k ;nghJ
mfg;g[wf;fil vDk; $Pt mwpt[ tphptila[ khW tFj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp Mz; ltnu
mfk; ? Md;kh
eL ? rig
g[wj;jiy ? g[wkhfpa fuz';fsp;y; jiyahdjhfpa kdk;
mfg;g[wf; fil $Pt mwpt[
mfeL mjdhy; mfg;g [w eLit

mfkw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (530)
mfeL ? Md;khfhrk; my;yJ Md;k xsp

mfg;g[weL ? $Pt xsp ? giubahsp
Md;k xspajdhy; $Pt xspahfpa giubahsp mjhtJ
kd xsp mfj;j pny mw;Wg; nghFkhW mikj;J s;s
mUl; bgU";n $hjp
198
kdjpny guxsp vd;gjw;F Mjhuk;/ ;
giubahsp vd; kdg; gjpapdpy; tphpj;nj

miurJ ,aw; bwDk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp
kdg;gjp ? kdk; ,Uf;Fkplk; $Pthfhrk;. kdjpny

njhd;W tJ giubahsp
mJ $Pt hfhrj;jpny njhd;Wjyhy; giubahsp
$Pt xsp vdg;gl;lJ
,ij tpl Md; k xsp Mw;wy; kpf;fJ ? vdnt
Md;k xsp tps';Fk;nghJ giubahsp
mw;W g; nghdJ
(m)
mfg;g[weL ? mfj;j pny bray;gLk; g[w eLthfpa rpj;jk;
Md;k xsp njhd;Wk; nghJ mjdhy; mfj;jpny

,Jtiu Mjpf; fk; brYj;jp te;j rpj; jkhdJ
mfj;i jtpl;L mw;Wg; nghFk;go mikj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp
mfg;g [w eLthy; mzpg[w eLit

mfg;g l mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (532)
mfg;g[w eL ? $Pt xsp

g[weL ? rpj;jk;
$Pt xspapdhy; ehnk mzpe;J bfhz;o Ue;j
rpj;jkhdJ ek; trk; mfg;gLk;go mikj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
Fwpg;g[ ? $Pt xspapdhy; ek; trk; mfg;gl;l

rpj;jkhdJ Md;k xspapdhy; ek;
mfj;i jtpl;L mfd;w epiy Kd; thpapy;
Twg;gl;Ls; sJ fhz;f
199
g[weL mjdhy; g[wg;g [w eLit

mwKw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (534)
g[weL ? fuz';f spd; eLthfpa rpj;jk;

g[wg;g[weL ? bka;. tha;. fz;. K:f ;F. brtp Mfpa
g";n$e; jphpa';fspy; eLthfpa fz; mjhtJ ekJ ghh; it/
Kd; thpapy; $Pt xspapdhy; rpj;j khdJ ek; trk; mfg;gl;lJ

Twg;gl;lJ/
ek;Kila fz; ghh;itahdJ fhkk; fye;j ghh; itah.

Fnuhjkhd ghh; itah. fdpthd ghh;i tah vd;gJ mfj;jpny
cs;s rpj;jj; jpd; bray;ghlhFk;/ vdnt ek;trk; mfg;gl; l
rpj;jj;jpd; tpist[ vd; dbtdpy; ek;K ila fz;ghh;itahdJ
jPad mw;W jUk?ePj p cWkhW mikj; j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
g[fyUk; mfz;l g{uz eLthy;

mfeL tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (536)
brhy;tjw;fhpjhfpa. v';Fk; tpahgfkha; tphpe;Js; s.

Fiwbtd;gnj ,y;yhj epiwthd. ghugl;rkw;w eL vd;Dk;
epiy bfhz;L Md; k xspia tFj;j mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
Fwpg;g[/ ; Md;khtpw;F ,aw;i ff; Fzk; $Pt fhUz;a nk

vd;W ek; bgUkhdhh; Twpa[ s;shh;/ ,aw;iff;
Fzkhfpa $PtfhUz;ank brhy;tjw;fhpaJ ?
ve;j vy; iyf;F k; cl;glhjJ ? Fiwtw;w ghp
g{uzkhdJ ? ghugl;r kw;W midth;f;F k;
bghJthdJ ? mg;ggog;gl; l eL g{uzeL
,iwtdpd; fUizna MFk;/ me;jf;
fUizjhd; jd; Twhf mfeL vDk; Md;k
xspia tFj;jJ vd;f pd;w hh; ,e;j thpapy;.
200
g[wg;g [wf; fil Kjy; g[zh;g ;ghw; g[wg;g [w

mwf;fzk; tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (538)
g[wg;g[wf; fil ? ,e;jphpa';f s; ? bka;tha;f z;. K:f;F. brtp

? fil ? brtp mjhtJ nfs;tp"hdk;.
Kjy; ? kdk;
nfs;tp "hdk; kdjpny xd;W tjhy; g[wg;g[ w

cWg;g[fshfpa bka.; tha;. fz.; K:f;F. brtp Mfpa
g";nre; jphpa';fSk; jUk tHpapy;. mwtHpapy;. neh;ik tHpapy;
epw;Fk; Tl; lkhf tps';FkhW tFj;j mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
Fwpg;g[ /; bka;";" hd tpUg;gKilnahh;f;F f; nfs;tp

"hdnk Kjy; vd;gJ ek; bgUkhdhh; kfhnjt
khiyapy; Twpa[s; s fUj;jhFk; Mjhuk;:
bka;";" hd tpUg;gj;j nywpf; nfs;tp kPn jwpj; bjspe;J
,r; ir tpLjnywp
m";"hdk; mw; w gonawp cz;ik mwpe; jgo epiynawp
mJ ehd; vd;Dk;
if";"hdk; fHd; nwwp kw; wbty; yhk; fle;njwp
bksd ,aw;fjpapnywp
v";"hdk; mwj; bjspe;n jhh; fz;L k; fhnzk;
vd;fpd;w mDgtnk ,d;gj; njnt/
g[wj;jpay; fil Kjw; g[zh;g ;ghy; g[wj;J Wk;

mwf;fzk; tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (540)
g[wj;nj vjida[k; btspg;gLj;Jtjw;F Kd;ghf

kdJld; mwpitr; nrh;g;gpj; J ,af;fpdhy; btspg;gLk;
thf;F. bray; midj; Jk; jUk tHpapy; tps';Fk; tz;z k;
201
Fwpg;g[ : kdjpy; njhd;Wk; midj; ija[k ; rhpahfr;

rpe;jpahky; mg;gona thf;fhYk; brayhYk;
btspg;gLj;j hky;. mwpt[ld; fye;J rpe; jpj; J
btspg;gLj;j pdhy; jUkk; epiy bgWk; vdf;
TWfpd;whh;/
mfg;g [wf; fil Kjy; mizthy; mf;fzk;

mfj;J w tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (542)
je; njfk; vdf;fspj;j hh; jk; mUSk; bghUSk;

jk;ika[ kp'; bfdf; fspj;j hh; vk;i kapDk; gphpahh;
ve;njf kjpw; g[F e;jhh; vd;Dsj;njapUe;jhh;
vd;Daphpw; fye;j elj;jpiwath; fhiyapny
te;njap';fkh;ejUs;thh; Mjypdhy; tpiue;nj
khspifia my';f hpj; J itj;jpLjp apjw;Fr;
re;njfkpy; iy bad;wd; jdpj; jiyth; thh;j; ij
rj;jpak; rj;jpak; khnj rj;jpak; rj;jpank/ (5704)
,e;jg; ghliyf; Th;e;J nehf;f pdhy; ,iwtd; Kjypy;
mUisf; bfhLj;jhd;. mLj; J bghUisf; bfhLj;jhd;.
gpd;dh; jd;i dna bfhLj; jhd; vd;gJ bjspthFk;/ vdnt
Kjypy; tUtJ mUs; jhd;/ ,ij itj;nj ,e; j mfty;
thpf;F ciufhzg;gLfpwJ/
mfg;g[wf; fil = $Pt mwpt[
Kjy; = mUs;
mfg; g[ wf;f ilahfpa $Pt mwpt[ ld; Kjyhfpa mUs;
nrUk; nghJ me; jf; fzj;jpnyna $Ptd; . $Pt xsp. $Pt mwpt[
Kjypad mfj;jpny mila[k ;go tFj; j mUl;bgU";n$hjp//
mff;fil Kjw; g[zh;g ;g jdhy; mff;fzk;

mfj;jpil tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (544)
mff;f il vd; fpw Md;k mwpt[ld; Kjyhfpa mUs;

fye;Jtpl Md;kh. Md; k xsp. Md; k tpsf;fk; Kjypad
midj; Jk; mfj;jpny tps';Fk;go tFj;j mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
202
thdpilf; fhw;W k; fhw;wpil beUg;g [k;

Mdw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (546)
thdhfpa btspapny fhw;Wk;. me;jf; fhw; wpny

beUg;g[k; eP f;fkw epiwe;J tps';FkhW mikj; Js;s
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
Fwpg;g[ : thdhfpa Mfhak; mdhjp/ m`njnghy; fhw;Wk;

mdhjp vd;f pwhh; ts;syhh;/ thdj;jpypUe; J
fhw;W njhd;wpaJ vd;W vz;z f;TlhJ/ fhw;Wk;
thdj;ijg; nghy; mdhjp vd;g ij czu
ntz;Lk;/ (Mjhuk; : ciueil rpUl;o epahak;
jiyg;g[ gf; fk; 254)
beUg;g pil ePUk; ePhpilg; g[tpa[k;

mUg;gpl tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (548)
g";r g{j'; fspy; thdKk; fhw;Wk; mdhjpahdhYk;

me;jf; fhw;w pny cs;s beUg;gpypUe;J ePh; njhd;WkhWk;
me;j eP hpypUe;J ,e;jg; g{kpahdJ njhd;WkhWk; mikj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp (mUg;gpl vd;gJ mUk;gpl mjhtJ
njhd;w pl vd;gJ mwpaj;jf; fJ)
ePh ;nky; beUg;g [k; beUg;g pd;nky; caph;g ;g [k;

Mh;t [w tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (550)
ePh; rhjhuzkhff; Fsph;e ;j jd;ika[ ilajha;

,Ue;j hYk; mjpny btg;gk; cs;s J/ me;j btg;gk;
$Ptd;fs; thHf; Toa caph;g;g [r; rf; jpiaf; bfhz;Ls; sJ/
,t;thW ePh pd;nky; beUg;g[k; me;j beUg;gpd; kPJ caph;g;g[r ;
rf;jpa[ k; rpwg;g[w tps';FkhW mikj;j mUl;bgU"; n$hjp/
203
g[dd;nky; g[tpa[k; g[t pnky;g [ilg;g [k;

mdd;nky; tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (552)
g{kpf;foapy; beUg;g[ cs; sJ vd;W ehk; mwpnthk;/

me;j beUg;g[ jhd; vhpkiy K:y k; rpy ,l';fspy;
btsptUfpd;wJ/ me;j beUg;gpw;F nkny g{kpf; foapy; ePh;
,Ug;gija[k ; mwpnthk;/ ePU f;F nkny g{kpa[s ;sJ/ g{kpapd;
nkw; gug;gpy; kiyfs; cs;sd/ (,ijj;j hd;) ePUf;F
(g[dy;) nkny g{kpa[k;. g{kpapd;nky; kiyfSk; (g[ilg;g[ k;)
beUg;gpd; (mdy;) nky; mikj;Js; s mUl; bgU";n $hjp//
gFjpthd; btspapy; glh;e;j khg{j

mfy; btsp tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (554)
thd; btspnah vy;iyaw;wJ/ mg;gog;gl;l thd;

btspapd; xU gFjpapny kz;. ePh;. beUg;g[. fhw;W Mfpa
bgUk; g{j';f s; vd;gita[k; gy nfhs';f isf; bfhz; l
gyg;gy mz; l';f isa[k ; mikj; Js;s mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
caph; btspapilna ciuf; fUk;gFjp

mabtsp tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (556)
caph;btsp vd;gJ $Ptd; ,Uf; fpd;w !;jhdk;/

mjhtJ $Pthfhrk; vd; w rpw;rig/ me;jr; rpw; rigapny
brhy;Y f;fl';fhj mUikahd gy mDgt btspfis
mila[k hW tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
caph;btspajid czh;fiy btspapy;

mayw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (558)
caph;btsp vdg;gLk; $Pthfhrkhfpa rpw;rigahdJ

ekf;Fj; jw;nghJ brhe;jkhf ,y; yhky; mayhf cs;sJ/
ve;j mwpit ehkwpa ntz;Lnkh me;j mwpit (fiy) ehk;
mwpe; J mt; btsp mjhtJ mjd; vy;iyiaf; fz;lhy;
rpw;rigahdJ may; vd; w epiykhwpr; brhe; jkhdjhf
tps';FkhW tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
204
Fwpg;g[ : rpw;rig brhe;jkhfpwJ vd;g jw;F Mjhuk;/
rp w;riga[ k; bghw;riga[k; brhe;jbkdjhr;R

njth;fSk; K:t h;fSk; ngRtbjd;ngr; R
,r;rka thH;tpy; vdf;b fd;dapdpnar;R
vd; gpwg;g [j; Jd;gbkyhkpd;nwhnl nghr; R/
(jpUtUl;g h 5259)
fiy btsp ajidf; fyg;g W Rj;j

myh; btsp tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (560)
Kd;thpapy; caph; btspiaf; fiy btspapdhy;

mwpayhk; vdf; Twg;gl; lJ/
fiybtsp vd;g ij ntW ve;j epidt[k; fyf;fhj

J}a ey; btspapny tps';F khW mikj;j mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
Fwpg;g[ : kdk; g[j ;jp rpj;j k;. mf';fhuk; Mfpa fuz';f s;

fythj. Rj; jk; kyh;fpd;w btspapny. fiy
btsp tps';Ffpd;w jhk;/ vy;y hf; fiyfisa[ k ;
Xjpjhd; mwpantz;Lk; vd;gjpy;iy/ g{uz epiy
mDgtk; njhd;wpdhy; mj; jid fiyfisa[ k ;
fzj;jpy; mwpe;J bfhs; syhk;/ ,ijj; jhd; Rj;j
myh;btsp vdg;gl;l J/ Mjhuk;
fhuzkpJ g[ hp fhhpa kpJ nky; fhuzf; fhhpaf; fUapJ

gytha;
Muzk; Mfkk; ,it tphpj;Jiuj;jpLk; eP mit mle; jpld;
kfnd
g{uzepiy mDgtKwpy; fzkhk; bghGjpdpy; mwpjp
vg;bghUs; epiyfSnk
jhuzpjdpy; vd;w jat[i l munr rj;jpar; rigj; jdpg;
bgUk;gjpna/
205
Rj;j ey;btspiaj; JhprW gubtsp

mj;jpil tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (562)
Kd;thpapy; Twg;g l;l Rj;j btsp v'; nf cs;sJ vd;gJ

,e;j thpapy; tpsf;fg;gLfpd;wJ/
JhpR : Fw;w k;/
Fw;w';f is mfw;Wfpd;w gubtspapny Rj; j btsp
Fwpg;g[ : JhpR vd;gJ ehd;F tif/

1/ mz; lj;J hpR 2/ mfpyj;J hpR
3/ gpz;l j;JhpR 4/ ngUaph;j;J hpR
,e;j vy;y hj; JhpRfSk; gubtsp mDgtk;
njhd;W '; fhy; eP' ;fptpLk;/
gubtsp ajidg; guk;gu btspapy;

muRw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (564)
Kd;thpapy; Twg;gl;l gubtsp v';Fs; s J vd;gJ ,e;j

thpapy; Twg;gLfpwJ/
guk; / nkyhdJ
guk;guk; / Mfhak;
jdf;Fs; ns nkyhdjhf tps';Ffpd;w Mfhak; vd;Dk;
N:d;akhd nkhd btspapny gubtspahfpa ,iwtd;
,Uf;FkplkhdJ g{uz Mjpf;fj; Jld; tps';FkhW mikj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
guk;gubtspiag; guhgubtspapy;
mue;bjw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (566)
guk; / rh!;jpu "hdk;
206
mguk; / mDgt "hdk;
guk;gubtspapny gubtsp cs;sJ vd Kd;dh;

Twg;gl;lJ/ me;jg; guk;gu btsp v'; nf cs;s J> rh!;jpu
"hdk; mDgt "hdkhFk;. btspapny guk;gu btspia
Fw;wkw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
guhgu btspiag; gfh; bgUbtspapy;

muhtw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (568)
guk;gu btspahdJ guhgu btspapy; mwpa[khW

mikf; fg;gl;l bjd Kd;d h; bjhptpf;fg;g l;lJ.
me;jg; guhgu btspahdJ "hdpfshy; gfug;gl; l

mjhtJ Twg;gl;l bgUbtsp vJnth mjDs; cs;sthW
Fwpg;g[ : vijahtJ epidj;Jf; bfhz;nl ,Uf;Fk;

kdkhdJ brayw;w epiyf;F vg;nghJ
tUfpd; wnjh mJnt bgUbtsp vdg;gLtJ.
Mjhuk; / ciu kd';fle;j xU bgUbtspnky;

miuR bra;J X';F k; mUl; bgU"; n$hjp/
mfty; 12 thpf;f hd tpsf;f k; fhz;f/
bgUbtspajidg; bgU";Rf btspapy;

mUSw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (570)
,e;jphpa';fSk; fuz'; fSk; jUfpd;w Rfnk Rfbkd

vz;Qqfpnwhk;/ mjdhy; mit bray;g lhj epiyapy;
njhd;W k; Rfnk bgU"; Rfkhk;/ me;j g; bgU";Rf btspapy;
guhgu btspia mUs; mila[ k; tifapy; Vw;gLj; jpa[s ;s
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
207
Fwpg;g[ / Rfk;
,d;W tUnkh ehisf;n f tUnkh my; yJ kw;

bwd;W tUnkh awpnad; v'; nfhnt ? Jd;Wky
btk; khia aw;W btspf;Fs; btsp fle; J
Rk;khapUf;Fk; Rfk;.
FzKjw; fUtpfs; Toa gFjpapy;

mizt[w tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (572)
bfhy;y hik. bghWik. rhe;j k;. mlf;fk;. ,e; jphpa

epf;fpufk;. Md;k ,aw;i ff; Fzkhfpa $PtfhUz;a k; nghd; w
rhj;tPf Fz';fSk; rpjwpf;f plf; fpd; w kdk;. g[j;j p. rpj;jk;.
mf';f huk; Mfpa fUtpfSk; xd;W TLk; ,lk; vJnth
m';nf ,iwtDld; fyf; fg; bgWkhW mikj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
Fwpg;g[ : fUtpfs; vd;git kdk; Kjyhditna

vd;gjw;F mLj; j thpna Mjhuk;/ mfty; thp
574 fhz;f/
kdKjw; fUtpfs; kd;Daph; btspapil

mdKw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (574)
btsp vd;gJ Mfhrk;. caph; ,Uf;Fkplk; caph; btsp

MFk;/ me; j caph; btspapny kdk; g[j ;jp rpj;jk;
mf';f huk; Mfpa ehd;F me;jf; fuz'; fis mHFw
Fwpg;g[ : $Ptd; kdk; Kjyhfpa me;j f; fuz'; fspd;

Tl;lj; jpd; kj; jpapy; ,Uf;Fk;/
Mjhuk; / $Ptd; ,Uf;f pd;w !;j hdk; (ciueil)
208
fhynk Kjypa fUtpfs; fiybtsp

MYw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp. (576)
fhy';f shy; mwpthdJ jiHj; J tps';FkhW tFj;j

mUl; bgU";n $hjp/ vt;t hbwdpy; fle; j fhy mDgt';fis
mwpthny Ma;e; J ghh;j ;J vjph;fhy thH;t[ tsk; bgw
mika epfH;f hyj; ij tiuaiw bra;af;T oa mstpy;
fhykhfpa fUtpfshy; mwpthdJ jiHj;J tps';FkhW
Fwpg;g[ ,sik ? KJik Mfpaita[k; gUtfhy';fshFk;/

,sntdpy;. nfhil. gdp. kiH Kjypadt[k ;
fhy';f ns. epfH;fhyk; vjph;fhyk; ,we;j fhyk;
Mfpaita[k ; fhy';f s;/
JhprW fUtpfs;
fUtp fs; Rj;j ey;btspapil
muRw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (578)
fhkk;. Fnuhjk;. cnyhgk;. nkhfk;. kjk;. khr; rh;ak;

nghd;w jPikfshfpa JhpRfs; eP ; ';fg; bgw;w ey;y
J}a;ikahd kdk; Kjyhfpa fUtpfs; bray;ghlw;w
epiyf;F tU';fhy; njhd;Wk; mDgtnk Rj;j
ey;btspahFk;/ mj;jUzj;nj ,iwtdpd; mUshl;r pia ehk;
mila[k hW Vw;gLj;jpa[s;s mUl;bgU"; n$hjp/
Mjhuk;
j'; nfhystJ je;J mUl;n$hjpr;

br';nfhy; brYj;bjdr; brg;gpa je;i jna
209
,t;btsp bay;yhk; ,y';f mz;l';fs;

mt;tapd; mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (580)
,Jtiu Twg;gl;l btspfs; vy; y hk; gpz; lj;j pny

tps';Ftdthk;/ vt;thW gpz; lj;j pny gytpjkhd btspfs;
cs;sdnth mt;thnw mz;l';f spYk; mikj;Js;s
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
fz;l bghUs; vt;tsnth mt;tst[k ; mtw;wpy; fye;j
fyg;g[ vt;t snth mt;tst[k; epiwe;nj
tpz;lFnkhh; ehjbtsp Rj;jbtsp nkhdbtsp
bfhz;l Jtha; tps';F fpd; w Rj;j rptkank
Fyt[ elj;junr vd;Fw;w K';b fhz; lUns/
X';fpa mz;lk; xspbgw Kr;Rlh;

M';fpil tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (582)
cah;e;j epiyapy; tps';F fpd; w mz;l khdJ xsp bgw;W

tps';Ftjw;F ntz;o N:h pad; re;jpud; cLf;fs;
(el;rj; jpu';fs;) Mfpa K:d ;W gpufhrpfis Vw;gLj;jpa
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
Fwpg;g[ /; re;jpud; Rak;g pufhrpaha; ,y;yhJ nghdhYk;

gpufhrp vd;gJjhnd cz; ik/
rpUl;oj; jiytiur; rpUl;o mz;

mz ;l';fis
mUl;owy; tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (584)
Kjy; mDgtk; bgw;wtnu gpUk; kh Mfpwhh;/ mth;

Mw;wnyh vija[k; cz;lhf;f ty; yJ/ mjhtJ rpUl; oj;
bjhHpy; ,g;g or; rpUl;oj; bjhHpy; bra;af;Toa gpUk;khf; fs;
gyiu Kjypy; cUthf;fpg; gpd;dh; jd;dUshw;w y;/
210
btspg;gLk; tifapy; mz; l';f isa[k; Vw;gLj;jpa

mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
xUKog; gpukdz;l'; fs;

moKog; bgUikna cd;d Koah
///////// ///////// ///////// ///////// ///////// ///////// /////////
ey;y vz;z ';fSk; (rpUl;o) xU jdpkdpj

thH;tpy; (gpUk; k epiyna)
fhty; bra;jiytiuf; fhtyz;

fhtyz;l';fis
Mtif aikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (586)
gilj;j bghUl;fisf; fhg;ghw;Wk; Mw;wy; bgw;wth;

,uz;lhtJ mDgt epiy bgw; w tpc&;Qq Mthh;/
,t;tDgtk; bgw;w jiyth; f isa[k; mth;fshy;
fhf;fg;gLfpd;w mz; l';f s; gyt[ k; mt;thnw tps';FkhW
(ey;y vz;z ';fs; cile;J nghfhky; fhj;jYk;
jdpkdpjdpd; tpl;LQq epiy)
mHpj;jy; bra;jiytiu mtuz;l';fis

mGf;fw mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (588)
K:d;whtJ mDgtkhfpa vjphpfis mHpf;F k; Mw;wy;

bgw;wth; Uj;jpuu; Mth;/ (gilj;j ij mHpj;jy; my; y)
(rptbgUkhd; Kg;g[uj;ij vhpj;j hh; vd;gJ Tl Mztk;
khia. fd;kk; Mfpa Kk;ky'; fis vhpj;jJ gw;w pna
fw;gidahff; Twg;gl;lJ) vjph;g;g Lk; kw;w Fw;w ';fis
mHpf;F k; Mw;wy; (mjhtJ kd cWjp jsuhik ?
tplhKaw; rp ? yl;r pa Mh;t k; Mfpatw;why; vjph;g;g[fis
vjph;g;gJ) bgw; w Uj;jpuh;f s; vdg; gLnthiua[k ; mtuJ
MSiff;Fl;gl;l mz;l'; fisa[ k; Fw;wkw /; mikj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
211
(Fwpg;g[ /; ey;y vz; z';f is mHpf;f tUk; JhpRfis

mHpj; jny jdp kdpjdpd; Uj;u epiy / ,Jnt
JhpR ePf;Ftpj;jy;)
kiwj;jpL jiytiu kw;W kz;l';fis

mwj;;bjhL tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (590)
kdjpny Vw;gl;l giHa epidt[ fs; fhyg; nghf;fpy;

kwe;JtpLfpd; wd/ ,Jtiu ele;j mj;jid epfH;r ;rpfSk;
rk;gt';fSk; vy;y hnk ftdj;jpy; epd;W tpLkhdhy;
igj;jpak; gpoj; JtpLk;. kwg;g[ vd;gJ kdpjDf;F
mspf; f;ggl;l xU tug;gpurhjk; MFk;/ me;j kwg;g[ epiyna
xU jdp kdpjdpd; knfRu mDgtkhFk;/
kiwj;j y; vdg;gLtJ giHad fHpe;j gpd; dh;

g[jpabjhd;W cUthf;fg;gL Kd; dh; cs;s mDgtnk ahFk;/
,e;j knfRu mDgtk; bgw;w rj;jh;f isa[k ; mtuJ
mz;l';fisa[k; jUkbewp jtwhJ ,a';FkhW tFj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
bjspt[ bra; jiytiuj; jpfGk; mz;l';fis

mspbgw tFj;j mUl;
mUl;bgU";n$hjp (592)
giHad fHpe;j gpd;dh; cUthFk; g[jpa epiyna

mUsy; vdg;gLk; Ie;jhtJ mDgtepiy/ ,r;r jhrpt
mDgtj;ijg; bgw;w jiyth;fisa[ k; mth;fs; jpfGk;
mz;l';fisa[k; gf;Ftk; mila[khW tFj; j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
(jPait midj; Jk; fHpe;J g[ dpjuhfpg; g[jpadthf

ey;yit vy;yhk; njhd; wp tps'; f tpsf;fk; bra;tpj;jny
jdp kdpjdpd; rjhrpt mDgt epiyahFk;)
212
tpe;J thk; rf;jpia tpe;jpd; mz;l';fis

me;jpwy; tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (594)
,Jtiu K: yhjhuk;. Rthjpc&;lhdk;. kzpg{ufk;.

mehfjk;. tpRj;jp vd;w Ie;J Mjhu'; fs; gw;w pa[k;. mjdjd;
mDgt epiy bgw; wjhff; fUjg;g Lk; gpUk;kh tpc;&Qq.
Uj;ud;. knfRud;. rjhrptd; Mfpa jj;Jt mDgt';fisa[k;
tpsf;fg;gl;lJ/ ,g;nghJ Mf; "h vdg;gLk; MwhtJ
Mjhukhfpa tpe;J epiy Twg;gLfpwJ/ tpe;J vd;gjd;
rhpahd bghUisr; rw;W rpe;jpj;J ts;syhh;
fz;nzhl;lj;jpy; fhz; nghkhf/ ehk; cz;Qqk; cztpy; 2\
tuhfbdilr; Rf;fpyk; cUthfp xU tuhfbdilr; Rf;fpyk;
nfhrj; joapYk;. kw;W bkhU tuhfbdil ehgpapYk; kPj Ks;s
\ tuhfbdil ekJ g[Utkj;j papYkhf tps';Ffpd;wJ/
nfhrj; joapy; ,Ug;gJ g[ zh;r ;rpf; fhyj;jpy; btspnawptpLk;
ehgpapYs;sJ cly; tsh;r ;rpaila cjt[fpd; wJ/ kPjKs;s
\ tuhfbdil ekJ g[Utkj;jpapy; Mf;"h gPl j;jpd; xspahf
tps';Ffpd;wJ/ ,ijg;ghJfhf;f ntz;Lk;/ ,ij
tpl;ltd; jhd; behe; Jbfl;lhd; vd;g J gHbkhHp/ tpe; J
vd;gJ g[Utkj;j papy; tps';Fk; xsp epiy vd;W bjspthf
mwpjy; ntz;Lk;/ tpe;Jthfpa xspna Mw;wy;. mJnt rf;jp
vdg;gl;lJ/ mijg; ghJfhf;f ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ek;
bgUkhdhhpd; jPh ;f;f khd fUj; jhFk;/
tpe;J vdg;gLk; Mw;w y; kpf; f xsp mDgtk;
bgw;wth; fisa[ k; md;dhhpd; mDgt epiy mz;l'; fisa[ k ;
mnj Mw;wy; tps';f mikj;j mUl;b gU";n$hjp/
X';fhu rf;jpfs; cw;

cw;w mz;l';fis
M';fhf mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (596)
tpe;J epiy mDgtj;j pw;F mLj;j mDgtk; ehj

epiy mDgtk; vd;g jhy; Kd; thpapy; tpe;J epiy Twp
,e;j thpapy; ehj mDgtj; ijna X'; fhuk; vDk; brhy;yhy;
Fwpf;fg;gl;lJ/
213
,iwtdpd; fhl; rp mDgtj;jpw;F milahsnk ehj

mDgtk;/ ahid tUk; gpd; nd kzpnahir tUk; Kd; nd
vd;W ,e;j mDgtj;ijf; Twpdhh; fs;/ kd;dh; ehjh;
mk;gyth; te;jhh; te;j hh; vd;W jpUr;rpd;d ehjk; vd; dpuz;L
brtpfspdpy; brhy;fpd;wnj vd;W ek; je;ijahh; ghLfpd; whh;/
ehj mDgt Mw;w y; kpf;f mz;l ';fs; gytw; iw
epiybgw;W vd;W k; khwhJ tps';FkhW mikj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
gpUk;kh. tpc&;Qq. Uj;jpud;. knfrd;. tpe;J Mfpa
Miwa[k; kdpj njfj; jpy; g{j epiy vd;Wk; ,tw;wp; w;F
,lk;. tz;zk; Kjypait cz;b ld;W k; ts;sw; bgUe;j if
mwptpj;J ehjk; bjhl;L r; Rj;j rpt!; jhdk; tiu
Md;khDgtk; vd;Wk; ,it mt; tDgtj;jpy; mUfpj;
njhd;W k; vd;Wk; mwptpg;gij epidtpy; bfhs;nthkhf/
rj;jj; jiytiur; rhw;W k; mz;l';fis

mj;jif tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (598)
rj;Jg; bghUshf tps';F k; cz;ikahd jiytiu

tpsf;Fk; mz; l';f is mt;thnw cz;ik Mw;w Yld;
tps';FkhW cz;l hf;f pa mUl;bgU";n $hjp/
ehjkhk; gpukKk; ehj mz;l';fSk;

Mjuk; tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (600)
gpuk;k vd;gJ ehjnk/ ehjkhfpa gpukKk; ehj

mDgt';fSk; xd;Wf;bfhd;W Mjhukhfg; bghUe;jp mUSw
Fwpg;g[ /; gpuk "hdj; jhy; vd;Wk; mHpahj Rth;z

njfj;i jg; bgwyhk;/ (ciueil)
214
gfh; guhrf;jpiag; gjpa[k; mz;l';fis

mfkw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (602)
guhrf;j p vd;gJ khia/ khia gjpe; J tpisaf;T oa

mj;jid bray;ghLfSk; mz;l ';f shff; fz;L mit
cs;sj; jpny xl; lhJ eP' ;FkhW mikj;j mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
gurpt gjpiag; gurpt mz;l';fis

is
muRw mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (604)
guhrf;j pf;F mLj;jJ gurptk;/ kdk; vd;gnjgiu ?

mJnt mfk;/ me;j mfk; mw (nkny cs;sth;)g; gurpt
gjpahfpa ,iwbtsp njhd;Wfpd; wJ/ me;epiyapy;
,iwbtspa[k; mt;t piw mDgtKk; jd;d hl;r pa[w tFj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
vz;z py; gy; rj;jpia vz;zpyz;l';fis

mz;Q qw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (606)
gurpt epiyfz;nlhh; mila[k ; rf; jpfs; vz;zpy;

ml';f h / mt;thW vz; zpy; ml';f hj Mw;w iya[k ; mjdhy;
tpise;j mDgt';fisa[k; tpiuthf mila[khW tFj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
(rpj;jp vDk; bgz;z urp vj;j p vd; if gpoj; jhs;)
mstpy; gy; rj;jiu mstpy; mz;l';fis

mstw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp. (608)
Kd;thpapy; rf;jpfisg; gw;wpf; Twg;gl;lJ/ mr;

rf;jpfis Ml;Ltpg;nghh; my;yJ mr; rf;jpfis cilnahnu
rj;jh; fs; Mth;/ rf;jpfs; vz;zpyl';fhjdthjyhy;
rj;jh; fSk; mstw;wtuhapdh;/ mth;fsJ mDgt mz;l ';fSk;
215
mstpy; yhjjhapd/ ,t;thW vy;yhtw; iwa[k; mstw;wjhfg;

gilj;j mUl;bgU"; n$hjp/
caph;tif mz;lk; cyg;gpy vz;zpy

mah;tw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (610)
caph;tifnah mde;jk;/mitfl;Fhpa mz;l'; fnsh

Fiwtpy;y hjd/ vz;Qqf;F ml';fhjit/ nrhh; nt
,y;yhtif mjhtJ ,af;fk; vd;Wnk cs;sthW tFj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
fstpy fly;tif f';fpy fiuapy

mstpy tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp. (612)
jd;Ds; ns ,Uf;f pd;w midj; jpida[k ; ahh;
ntz;LkhdhYk; vg;nghJ ntz; LkhdhYk; vLj;Jf;
bfhs;s yhk;/ t";ridapy;y hj fly;/ me;j epiyiaf;
fstpy vd; w brhy; tpsf;FfpwJ/ fly; tifnah
tuk;gpy; yhjJ kl;Lky; y/ mjd; eP iuj; njf;fp epWj;Jk;
fiu vd;gJk; ,y;y hJ tps';Ffpd;w J/ fly; fspy; cs; s
ePhpny Kj;Jf; fs; nghd;w gy bghUl;fisa[k; gy;tif
caphpd';fisa[k; mstw;W mikj;J s;s mUl;bgU"; n$hjp/
flyit aid
aidj;
j;J k; fiuapd;wp epiya[w
mlydy; mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp. (614)
,e;jg; g{kpapy; vj; jid fly;fs; cz;nlh
mitaidj;Jk; fiuapd;wpa[k; epiy bgw;Wk; tps';FtJld;
tlth Kfhf;fpdp vd;gJ nghd;w mf; dp Fiwt[glhJ
tps';FkhWk; mikj; j mUl;bgU";n $hjp//
fly;fSk; kiyfSk; fjpfSk;
fjpfSk; ejpfSk;
mlYw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (616)
MHk; kpFe;j fly; fisa[ k;. cah;e;J tps';F k;
kiyfisa[k;. tPRfpd;w fhw; iwa[k ;. XLfpd;w ejpfisa[k ;
jj;jk; epiyapy; Fw;wkw;W tps';FkhW tFj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp//
216
flypilg; gy;tsk; fzpj;jjpw; gy;Yaph;

mlYw tFj;j mUl;
mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (618)
flypny rhjhuz cg;g[ Kjy; kpf mhpjhfpa

Kj;Jf; fs; gts';f s; tiu gy ts';fisj; njhw;Wtpj;J
nkYk; kPd ; Kjyhfj; jpkp';fyk; tiu gy;y hapuf;fzf;fhd
caph;fs; thGk;go mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp//
kiyapilg; gy;tsk; tFj;J mjpw; gy;Yaph;

miytw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (620)
kiykPJ gy;yhapuf;f zf;f hd kUj; Jt K:ypiffs;
cs;sd/ gy mhpa jhJg; bghUs;fSk;. ryitf; fy; nghd;w
got';fSk;T l kiyapypUe;J btl; o vLf;fg;gLfpd;wd/
ehl;ow;Fs; tuhky; gy caphpd';fs; kiy kPJs; s g[jh;fspYk;
kdpj r";r hukw;w cah;e ;j my;y J mlh;e ;j ku'; fs; cs; s
kiyfspYk; thH;e ;J bfhz;L s;sd/ ,t;thW kiyapilna
gytif tskhd bghUl;fisa[k; gytif caphpd';f isa[k ;
mikjpahft[k ; Mde;jkha[k; miyr;rypd;wpa[ k; thGkhW
Vw;gLj;j pa[s; s mUl;bgU";n$hjp//
xd;wpdpy; xd;nw xd;wpil Mapuk;

md;ww tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (622)
rhpia fphpia vd;g d g[wtHpghL. nahfk;. "hdk;
vd;gd mftHpghL/
jtj;ij nkw; bfhz;L ,iwtidf; fhz KaYk;
jtr; rP yh;fSf;F kd Kjyhfpa fUtpfuz'; fs; xd;W nru
mt;tDgtj;j pd; Kothfj; njhd;WtJ brt;bthsp xd;n wahk;/
ve;j $hjpapduhapDk;. vr; rkaj;jtuhapDk;. vk;
kjj;jtuhapDk; nkw;Twpa mDgt epiyf;F r; bry;Ythh;
vdpy; mt;tDgtk; xd;n w/ fUtpfs; xd;wpdpy; mDgtkhFk;
,iwtDk; xd;nw/ me; j xd;whd ,iwtidj; jhd;
xt;bthU rkaj;jtUk; kjj;jtUk; j';f s; j'; fs;
kdk;nghdgobay; yhk; gy; ntW tot';fspYk;. gy;ntW
bgah;fspYk; ,Ug;gjhff; fhl;oa[ s;sdh;/ ,ijj; jhd;
xd;wpil Mapuk; vd;w J/
217
kdk; Kjypa fuz';fs; xd;WgLkhdhy; mth;fl;F

,iw mDgtKk; xd; nwahft[k;. mt;thW ,y;yhjth;f ;F
me;j xd;nw gy;y hapuf; flt[s h;fshft[k; Mjpapny
epiybgwj; jPh;f ;fkhf tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp//
,iwtd; xUtnd vd;g jw;F Xh; Mjhuk; /;
xd;Wk; myhh; ,uz;Lk; myhh; xd;wpuz; Lk; Mdhh;

cUt[k; myhh; mUt[ k; myhh; cUmUt[ k; Mdhh;
md;W k; cshh; ,d;Wk; cshh; vd;Wk; cshh; jkf;n fhh;
Mjpapyhh; me;j kpyhh; mUl; bgU"; n$hjpapdhh;
vd;W fdy; kjp mfj;J k; g[w j;Jk; tps';fpLthh;
aht[k; ,yhh; aht[k ; cshh; aht[k; myhh; aht[k;
xd;W W jhkhfp epd;w hh; jpUr;rpw;wk;gyj;nj
X';Ffpd;w jdpf; flt[ s; xUtUz; nl fz; Oh ;
(jpUtUl;g h 3282)
xd;iwna Mapukhf tFj;jdh; vd;gjw; F Mjhuk;/ ;
irt Kjyhf ehl;L k; ? gy
rka';fs; vy;yhk; jdpj;j dpf; fhl;L k;
bja;tk; ,J te;J ghhPh; ? jpUr;
rpw;wk;gyj; nj jpU el n$hjp (4605)
bfho ,ilg; bgz; ngjha; eP mk;gyj; nj eof;Fk;

go ,lj; nj thdplj;nj ghjyj; nj mz;l
gfph; mz;l nfhoapny gjptpsf;fk; vyhk;
mokyh; bfhz;L Iah; bra;a[ k; jpUf; T j;jpd; tpsf;fk;
MFk; ,J rj; jpak; vd;W mUkiw Mfk';f s;
nfl;lwpe;J bfhs;tha; epd; thl;lbkyhk; jtph;e;n j/ (5760)
gj;jpil Mapuk; gfujpw; nfho
mj;J w tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp / (624)
Kd; thpapy; ,iwtd; epiy tphpf; fg;gl;lJ/ ,t;

thpapy; $Ptd; epiy Twg;gLfpd; wnjh>>
218
ek;ikg; gw;Wfpd;w ge;j nkh Mapuk; Mapukhf

,Uf;f pwJ/ mjid tphpj;Jf; Twg; g[Fe;jhy; mjd;
tifnah nfho nfhoahf my;y nth cs;sJ/
gw;W k; ge;jk; Mapuk; vd;w hy; mjd; tphpnth nfhoahf
cs;sthW vy;iyapl;l mUl;bgU";n$hjp//
Fwpg;g[ /; gj;jpil vd;gijg; gw; wpil vd;W bfhz;ljw;F
Mjhuk;/ ;
(fhaj;hp tpsf;fk; ? ciueil gf; 287)
fhaj;hp ke;j puj; jpw;Fg; ghjk; K:d;W ? ghjk; xd;wpw;F
tUzk; vl;L ? Mf K: d;W ghjj;jpw;Fk; th;zk; ,Ugj; J
ehd;F/ ghjk; K:d; bwd;gjd;
Fwpg;g[/ ; $Pth;fl;F kyk; K:d;W ? th; zk; ,Ugj;J ehd;F
vd;gjd; Fwpg;g[/ ;
,U /; ,uz;lhfpa $PtfhUz;ak; rj;tprhuk; Mfpa
,uz;ila[k;
gj;J /; (gw;W ) gpo ? gw; wpdhy; /;
ehd;F /; ehyhfpa $Pt fhUz;ak;. <Ru gf;jp.
ghrituhf;ak;. gpuk"hdk; Mfpa ,tw; iw milayhk;/
,';nf gj;J (10) vd;gijg; gw;W vd ek; bgUkhdhh;

bfhz;l ijf; ftdpf;ft[ k;/
E}w;wpil ,yf;fk; Etyjpy; mde;jk;

Mw;wpil tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (626)
Kjypy; ,iwtdpd; epiya[ k;. Kd; thpapy; $Ptdpd;

epiya[k ; vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lJ/ ,t; thpapy; $PtdhdJ
,iwtDld; fyf; f Mw;Wk; nehd; g[fisf; TWtjhff;
bfhs;tnj bghUe;J fpwJ/
nehd;g[ nehw;w y; vd;gh;/ nehw;w y; vd;gJ vz;
tifahff; Tw ntz;o E}w;w y; vd;W bfhs;sg;gl;oUf;fyhk;/
$Ptd; ,iwtid mila Mw;W k; nehd;g[fnsh
vz;zpf;ifapy; brhy;yg; g[F e;jhy; gythfj; njhw;wkspj; J
219
mt;tt;tiffspy; mtw;iw Mw;WkhW tFj;j

mUl; bgU";n $hjp//
nfhoapy; mde;j nfho

nfho gy;nfho
MLw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp / (628)
Kd; thpapy; ,iwtidaila $Ptd; bfhs;Sk;

nehd;g[ fs; vLj; Jf; fhl;lg;gl;ld/ me; nehd;g [fspd; gadha;
$Ptd; milfpd;w rpj; J tiffnsh nfhof;
fzf;fhditahfg; gy nfhof; fzf;fhfr; Rkhh; 647
nfhoahf tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp//
rpj;Jf;fs; 647 nfho vd;gjw;F Mjhuk; /;
MLW rpj;jpfs; mWgj;J ehd; bfG

nfhoa[k ; tps';ff; Fyt[ bka;g; bghUns
(mfty; thp 912)
nfho vd;w brhy; Xh; vz;izf; Fwpg;gjhapUe;Jk;

rpj;jpfs; vd;w bghUs; bfhs;sg; gl;lJ. Vd; vdpy;
,uz;lhtJ thpapy; MLw vd;w brhy;iyf; ftdpj;J 912
thpapy; MLW rpj;jpfs; vd;W TwpdikahYk; mJ 647
nfhoahf cs;s J vd;wjhYk; ,t;t[iu ,t;thW
bfhs;sg;gl;lJ/ nkYk; Kjypy; ,iwtdpd; epiy. mLj; J
$Ptdpd; epiy. mjw;fLj;J $Ptd; nkw;bfhs;Sk; nehd;g[
Kothf mila[k ; ngwhfpa rpj;J ? ,e;jg; bghUj;jk;
fUjpa[ k; ,t;t [iu bfhs;sg;gl; lJ/
tpj;jpay; xd;wha; tpistpay; gytha;

mj;jif mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (630)
xU bey;iyg; g{kpapy; tpijj; jhy;. bew;gaph;

fjph;tpLk;nghJ gytha; bey; tpisfpwJ/ ,J vy; yhj;
jhtu';fSf;Fk; bghJthdJ/ Mf tpj;J xd;n wahdhYk;
tpisnth gythf tpisa[k ;go vy; yhtw;wpYk; mikj; j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
220
tpistpay; midj;J k; tpj;jpil ml';f

mst[ bra;J mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (632)
tpist[fs; vy; yhk; tpj;jpnyapUe;J me;jj; jhtuj; jpd;

tpj;ijna K:y khff; bfhz;L ve;j j; jhtuj; jpd; tpijnah
me;j tpijapypUe; J me;jj; jhtuk; kl;Lnk tpisa[k hW
tiuaiw bra;J tFj;j mUl;bgU";n $hjp/
Fwpg;g[ /; Xh; Mykuj;jpd; tpijnah kpfr; rpwpJ/ mij
tpijj;j hy; mJ Kistpl;L r; broahfp
kukhfpwJ/ mk;kuj;jpd; fz; fpisfs;. ,iyfs;.
fdpfs;. tpGJfs; midj;J k; tpisfpd; wd/
,t;tpist[ fs; midj;Jk; me; j xU tpijapy;
ml';f pa[s; sJ/ Mykuj;j pd; tpijapypUe;J
Mykuk; kl;Lnk njhd;Wk;/ ,J mst[. ,J
xU cjhuzk; kl;Lnk/ ,t;thnw vy; yh
tw;wpDf;Fk; fhzyhk;/
tpj;J k; gjKk; tpisa[g fhpg;g [k;

mj;jpwy; mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (634)
vy;yh tpj;Jf;fSk; tpijg;gjhy; kl;Lnk tpise;J

tpLtjpy;i y/ gy tpj;Jf; fs; tpisahky; mHpe; J
tpLfpd;w d/ gy tpj;Jf; fs; tpise;jhYk; mjpf gyd;
jUtjpy;iy/ mjhtJ brGikahf tsh;tjpy;iy/ rpy
tpj;Jf; fs; brGikahf tsh;e;J ey;y tpisr;r iyj;
jUfpd;wd/ ,tw;w pw;Ff; fhuzk; me;j tpj; jpd; gf;Ft
epiynaahFk;/ ,t;thW
tpj;ija[ k; me;j tpj;jpny gjk; vd;D k;
gf;Ftj;ija[k; me; j tpj;jpd; K: yk; tpist[ mjpf
vz;zpf;ifapYk; tps';FkhW Mw;w iy me;j tpj;jpny
tFj;J epw;Fk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
221
tpj;jpil Kisa[k; Kisapil tpist[k;

mj;jf mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (636)
xU tpj;J tpijf;fg;gl;lhy; mJ Kistpl;L

tsh;fpwJ/ me;j KisapypUe;J tpisr;ry; Vw;gLfpd;w J/
,t;thW epfH;tJ khw;wk; ,y;yhjthW tpj;j pnyapUe;J
Kisa[k; me;j KisapnyapUe;J tpist[k; Vw;gLkhW
tpj;jpDs; tpj;J k; tpj;jjpy; tpj;J k;

mj;jpwk; tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp. (638)
tpj;J Kisahfp. tsh;e; J g{j;Jf; fha;j;Jf; fdpahfp

kPz;Lk; tpj; jhfpwJ/ Muk;gkhd tpj;J KotpYk; tpj; jhfnt
epw;Fk; epiy tpj;jpDs; tpj;jhapw;W.
me;j tpj;jpnyapUe;J ntW tpj;J njhd;w hJ mnj
tpj;Jjhd; njhd;W k;/ mJnt tpj;jjpy; tpj; J/
(cjhuzk; /; Mykuj; Jtpij Mytpj;ijna jUk;)
,e;j epiy vd;Wk; khwhjthW tFj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
tpistpDs; tpist[k; tpistjpy; tpist[k;

misa[w tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (640)
xU tpj;J Kisj; J mjpy; gy tpist[ fs;

juf;ToathW tpisfpwJ/ (xU bey; tpise;J fjph; tpl;L
gy bew; fisj; jUfpwJ)/ ,J tpistpDs; tpist[/
me;j tpist[ ntbwhd; wha; tpisahJ/ cjhuzkhf
mtiuapypUe; J mtiua[k ; JtiuapypUe;J Jtiua[k ; jhd;
tpisa[nk jtpu ntbwhd;W tpisahJ/ ,e;epiyna
tpistjpd; tpist[/ kpf kpfg; gf;Ftkhf ,e; epiy
222
Kisajpd; Kisa[k; KisapDs; Kisa[k;

misju mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (642)
ve;j tpj;J tpijf;fg;gl; lnjh mJ Kisa[ k;nghJ

ntW xd;wha; Kisf;f hky; tpijf;fg;gl;l tpj;jpd;
Kisjhd; Kisa[ k;/ ,J Kisajpd; Kis/ me;j Kis
mnj epiyapy; epd;W tplhJ nkYk; mjpnyapUe;J ,iyfs;.
fpisfs;. g{f;fs;. fha; fs;. fdpfs; Kjypad Kisf; fp;d ;wd/
,J KisapDs; Kis/ ,t;thW gf; Ftk; bra;J mikj; j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
tpj;jpilg; gjKk; gjj;jpil tpj;J k;

mj;J w mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (644)
vy;yh tpj;Jf; fisa[ k; tpijg;g jpy; iy/ tpj;jpny

gjk; ghh;j;Jj; njh;e ;bjLj;J ed;F Kw;w pd brGikahd
tpj;nj tpijf; fg;gLfpwJ/ tpj;J vd;gJ tpijj;j gpd;
Kisa ntz;oaJ/ gjkhd tpj;J jhd; Kisf;F k;/
tpj;jpny gjj; ija[k ; me;jg; gjj;jpny tpisita[k;
kPwhky; ,Uf;FkhW mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
gjkjpw; gjKk; gjj;jpDl;g jKk;

mjph;tw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (646)
gjk; vd;gJ gf;Ftk; (xU ghid nrhw;Wf;F xU

nrhW gjk;) xd;iwg; gjk; ghh; j;jhy; kw;witfspd;
epiyia mwpayhk;/ xd;iwg; gf;Ftk; ghh;j;J mnj
epiyapYs;s kw;witfspd; gf;Ftj;i j czh;t J gjkjpw;
gjk;/ gjk; ghh;f;fg;gl; l tpj;j pDs;n s ,Uf;Fk; tpisa[k;
gf;Ftnk gjj;jpDl; gjk;/ ,e;j epiy khwhJ tFj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
223
xw;W ik ntw;W ik chpikfs; midj;J k;

mw;bwd tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (648)
tpUk;gp ,iztJ xw;Wik/ khWghL fUjp tpyFtJ

ntw;W ik/ jdbjdr; brhe;jk; bfhz;lhLtJ chpik/
("hdkila tpUk;g[ nthh;) ,; k; K:d ;iwa[k; mfw;Wthahf vd
mwpt[ je;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
bghUs;epiy cWg;g pay; bghJtif Kjypa

mUSw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (650)
ehkila ntz; oa bghUs; rptnkahFk;/ mij

miltjw;F mfj; jpny jtkhfpa rhjid bra;a ek;
clypny mjw;Fj; jFe;j cWg;g[f Sk; g[wj;jpny vy;yh
caph;fisa[k; bghJthfg; ghh; f;fpd; w jd; ika[k ;
jug;gl;Ls; sd/
(jtj;jpdhny) rpt epiy milaj;j f;f
cWg;g[f;fisa[k;. vy;yh caph; fisa[ k; bghJthfg; ghh;f;F k;
Fzj;ija[ k; mUs; miltjw; bfd;nw mikj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
Fwpg;g[ /; gnuhgfhuk;. rj;t prhuk; Mfpa ,uz;i lf;
bfhz;n l mUs; mila ntz;Lk; vd;fpwJ
ciueil/ rj;t prhukhfpa Md; k tprhu
tpisnt jtk; vd ,';F Fwpf;fg;gl;l J/
cwtpdpy; cwt[k; cwtpdpy; gifa[k;

mwDw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (652)
neh;ikahd tHp epd;W ed;F Ma;e ; J ekf;F ey;y

gyd; juf; Toa ey;y FzKs; s kf;fnshL. ey; y
Fz';fnshL cwt[ bfhs;syhk;/ cwt[ bfhs;sf; Tlhj
jPa Fz'; fisg; giff; f ntz;Lk;/
cwt[ bfhs;sj;jf; f ey; y Fz';fnshL cwt[
bfhs;st[k;. cwt[ bfhs;s j;jfhj jP a Fz';fs; ek;ghy;
224
mQqfhky; me; jj; jPa Fz cwtpy; gifa[k; bfhz;L neh;

tHp. jUk tHp. mila[k hW tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
gifapdpy; gifa[k; gifapdpy; cwt[

cwt[k;
mift[w tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (654)
Two Negatives make One Positive.
gif x gif = cwt[. mjhtJ khiaf;F moikahd

kdk; ey;n yhh; el; iga[k;. ey;y Fz'; fisa[k;. ey;y gHf; f
tHf;f'; fisa[ k; Kjypy; ehLtJ ,y;iy/ mtw; iwg;
giff;fpwJ/ mnj neuj;j py; jPnahh; el;g[. jPa Fz';f s;.
jPa gHf;f tHf; f';f s; Mfpatw; iw clnd Vw;Wf;
bfhs;f pwJ/ ,J kdjpd; ,ay;g[. cjhuzkhff; nfhapYf;Fg;
nghfyhkh. rpdpkh ghh;f ;fyhkh vd;why; bghJthfr; rpdpkh
ghh;f;Fk; Mtny nfhapYf;Fg; nghtij tpl nknyh';fp
epw;Fk;/ (,J vy;nyhUf;Fk; tpjpj;jjy; y ? rhjhuzg;
bghJ kf;fs; epiy)
ey;nyhh; el;g[. ey;y Fzr; nrh; f;i f ,it neUk;
nghJ kdk; gifbfhz;L mtw; iw ehlhky; ,Uf;Fkhdhy;
me;jg; gifia mwptpdhy; gifj;J me;j ey;y cwitf;
bfhs;tnj gifapdpy; gif/ mnj neuj;j py; jPnahh; el;g[.
jPa Fzr; nrh;f; if neUk;nghJ (ey; y kdkhdJ) mijg;
giff;Fkhdhy;. mg;gog; giff;F k; kdJld; cwt[
bfhs;tnj gifapdpy; cwt[/ ,t;thW eyKw tFj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
ghjpa[k; KGJk; gjp bra[k; me;jKk;

Mjpa[k; tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (656)
ghjp vd;gJ re;jpud;/ KGJk; vd;g J N:hpad;/ ,lk;/ ;

re;jpud;/ tyk; ? N:hpad; Muk;gj;jpy; mDgt epiyiaj;
bjhl';FtJ rpw;rig/ Kothd mDgtj;ijf; fhl;LtJ
bghw;rig/
225
,lkhfpa re; jpu fiyia epWj;jp tykhfpa N: hpa

fiyapy; jpahdk;. jtk; Kjypad bra;jhy; Mjpa[k;
me;jKk; Mfpa rpw;r iga[k; bghw;r iga[k; gjpahf epd;W
flt[isf; fhl;lr; bra;a[k;go tFj;j mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
Jiza[k; epkpj;jKk; Jy';fjpd; mJt[k;

mizt[w tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (658)
Jizahfpa $PtfhUz;aKk; epkpj;jk; vDk;
fhuzkhfpa rhjida[k; tps';f mjpny mJthfpa
(mUl;bgU";n $hjp) ,iwepiy miza[k;go Vw;gLj;jpa
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
Fwpg;g[ /; FzKjw; fUtpfs; Toa gFjpapy; mizt[ w
tFj;j mUl;bgU";n $hjp 572tJ thp fhz;f/
mJ vd;gJ mUl; bgU";n $hjp vd;gjw; F Mjhuk;/ ;
Cd clk; ng xsp clk;gha; X';fp epw;f
"hd mKbjdf;F ey;fpanj ? thdg;
bghUl;bgU";n$hjpg; bghJtpy; tps';F k;
mUl; bgU";n $hjp mJ
(jpUtUl;g h 4823)
cUtjpd; cUt[k; cUtpDs; cUt[k;
mUSw mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (660)
cUtkhf tz';Fnthh;f;F Mz;ltd; cUtkhft[k;
me;j cUtj; jpDs; ns me;j cUthft[k; ,Ue;J mUs;
(ehk;) mila[k ;go tFj;j mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
cUtkhf tz';Fnthh; vt;thW mUs; bgWth;>
Mjhuk;/ ; gpuk;khDgtk; tpf;fpuf Muhjid bra;jhyy; yJ
thuhbjd;W k;. tpf;fpufk; vd;gJ tpnrc& ,lk; vd;W
bghUs;gLk; vd;W k;. Md; kh ,Ug;gjw;Ff; fpufk;. kdpjh;
Kjypa $Pt njf';fs; vd;Wk;. gpUk;kg; gpufhrk; ,Ue; J
btspg;gLtjw;F tpf;f pufk; njt njf';fs; vd;Wk;. me;j j;
njt njf';fshfpa tpf;f puf';fspy; tpjpg;go cghrpf;fpd;
gpuk;kg; gpufhrk; vspjpy; btspg;gl;L mDf;f pufpf;Fk; vd;Wk;
mt;thW tpnrl ,lbkd;W brhy;yg;g Lfpd;w tpf;fpuf'; fspy;
226
gpuk;kg;gpufhrk; btspg;gl;L mDf;fpufpj;jjw;F milahsk;

rpy fhyj;jpw;F Kd; tpf;f puf Muhjid bra;j gf;jh;fs;.
Fc;&lk;. Fd;k k; Kjyhd jPu hj tpahjpfisj; jP h;j; Jk;.
,we;jth;fis vGg;gpa[ k;. mrhj;jpakhd mnef
kfj;Jt';fis elj;jpa[k; ,Ue;jnj nghJkhdJ vd;Wk;.
,g;nghJk; tpf;f puf Muhjid bra; fpd;w gf; jh;f s; rpy
kfj;Jt';fisr; bra;J tUfpd;w hh;f s; vd;Wk;. ehbky;yhk;
ekJ gf;Ftj;jpw;Fj; jFe;jgo tpf; fpuf Muhjid bra;J.
mjdhy; mUisg; bgw;W. mjdhy; mwpt[ tps';f p. mjdhy;
gpuk;k Rfj; ij mDgtpf;f yhk; vd;Wk; (,uhkyp'; f)
Rthkpfs; brhy;ypf; bfhz;nl vGe;j dh;/ (ele;j tz;zk;
ciuj;j y;)
mUtpDs; mUt[k; mUtjpd; mUt[k;

mUspay; mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (662)
guk;bghUs; vd;gJ v';F k; epiwe; jJ/ mjhtJ mJ

,y;yhj ,lnk ,y;iy vd;Dkstpw;Fg; ghpg{uzkhf
epiwe; Js;s bghUns ,iwtd;/ Kd; thpapy; ,iwtid
cUtkhff; Twg;gl;l J/ ,e; j thpapy; ,iwtid
mUtkhff; fhz;nghUf;F mtDk; mUtkhf
tps';Ffpd;whd;/ mUtk;. vd;gJ g[ yd;fSf;Fg; g[yg;glhj
bghUshFk;/ mg;gog;g l;l bghUspy; mtDk; g[yg;glhj
bghUshf mU:gpahf ,Uf; fpwhd;/ ,Jnt mUtpDs; mUtk;/
mUtkhf cs;s ,iwtd;ghy; btspg;gLk; mUspaYk;
mUtkhfnt mikj; j mUl;bgU";n $hjp/
fuzKk; ,lKk; fiy Kjy; miza[nkhh;

muzpiy tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (664)
kdk;. g[j ;jp. rpj;jk;. mf';fhuk; Mfpa fuz';fSk;.

g[Ut kj;jpahfpa rpw;riga[ k;. RthrKk; xd;WgLk; Xh;
ghJfhg;ghd epiyahf tFj;j mUl; bgU";n$hjp/
,lk; vd;gjw;Fg; g[Ut kj; jp vd;W bghUs;

bfhz;l jw;F Mjhuk;/ ;
227
rPh plk; bgWnkhh; jpUr;r pw;w k;gyj;nj

jpfH; jdpj;je; ijna epd;ghy;
nrhpl kwpe;nj nrh; e;jdd; fUiz
bra;jUs; bra;jplj; jhH;f ;fpy;
ahhplk; g[Fntd; ahh; Jiz vd; ngd;
ahh;f; bfLj; bjd; Fiw ,irg;ngd;
nghhpl Koahjpdpj; JabuhL ehd; bghWf;fnyd;
mUs; f ,g;nghnj/
cUtjpy; mUt[k; mUtjpy; cUt[k;

mUSw mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (666)
ek;Ks; ns ,iwtd; ,Ug;g J ekf;F j; bjhptjpy;iy/

vy;yh $Pt d;fl;Fs;Sk; ,iwtd; ,Uf;fpd;whd;/ me;j
,iwtd; ,Ug;gij ahUk; mwpe; jhhpy; iy/ ,Jnt
cUtjpy; mU/
mUt tHpghL vdg;gLk; "hd mDgtj;jpd; fz;
,iw mDgtk; cUthfp mUs; ehkila[ k;go cs; sJ/
kdk; Kjypa fuz';f s; bray;ghod;wp epw;gij btsp vd;gh;/
mJ mUtk;/ me; j epiyapy; guehj mDgtj;j py;
bgU";n$hjpa[ k; gpd;d h; me; jg; bgU";n$hjp eLnt
bghd;bdhspa[ k; mt;bthsp eLnt brt;bthspa[k; njhd;Wk;/
,Jnt mfj;j py; njhd;Wk; Kothd ,iw mDgtk;/
,ijna mUtjpy; cUt[k; vdf; Twg; gl;lJ/
,t;thW cUtj;jpny mUthft[k; mUtj;jpny
cUthft[ k; tps';fp ehk; mUs; bgWkhW tFj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
tz;zKk; tot[k; ka';fpa tifgy

me;jp tz;zd;. gof tz;z d; vd;b wy;yhk; gyntW

tz;z';f spy; ,iwtd; fhl;lg;gl; Ls;shd;/ gyg;gy
tot';fSk; ? fz;lt[ ld; ka';Fk; tifapy;. "hdpfspd;
mwptpd; juhjuj;jpw;nfw;gf; fw;gidahff; Twg;gl;Ls; sJ/
228
gyntW tz;z';f spYk; gyntW tot';fspYk;

,iwtidf; fhl;oajhy; cz;ikawpahJ ka';fpa tif
gytha; cs;sJ/ MapDk; mitbay;yhk; ,iwtid
beU'; fp miltjw;bfd;nw vd tFj; j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
rpWikapy; rpWika[k; rpWikapy; bgUika[k;

mwpju tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (670)
jPa Fz';f s; ekf;F ,Hpit cz;l hf;Fk;/ vdnt

mj; jPa Fz'; fs; ek;kplk; bgUfpapuhJ rpWj; J ,Uj;jy;
ntz;Lk;/ rpWik jUk; jPadtw;wpy; ehk; rpWik fhl;Ltnj
rpWikapy; rpWik/ mr;rpWik ekf; Fg; bgUik nrh;g;g jhy;
mJ rpWikapy; bgUik vdg;gl;l J/ ,Jnt mwpt[ jUk;
tpsf;fkhf tFj;j mUl; bgU"; n$hjp/
bgUikapy; bgUika[k; bgUikapy; rpWika[k;

mUzpiy tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (672)
xU bgUikapny ekf;Fg; bgUik Vw;gLfpwJ/ xU

bgUikapny ekf;Fr; rpWik Vw;gLfpwJ/ mjhtJ
vg;nghJk; ,iwtdpd; bgUikiag; ngRk; xUtd; nkd;nkYk;
kw;wth; fshy; kjpf; fg;gl;Lg; bgUik milfpwhd;/ ,iwtd;
bgUikiag; ngrhJ jw; bgUikna ngRk; xUtd; kf;fshy;
,fHg;gl;Lr; rpWik milfpwhd;/ xU bgUikapny
bgUika[k ; xU bgUikapny rpWika[k; cz; lhFkhW
mUshy; tFf;F k; mUl; bgU"; n$hjp/
jpz;ikapy; jpz;ika[k; jpz;ikapy; neh;ika[k;

mz;ikapd; tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (674)
jpz;ik vd;gJ ey; y bfhs;iffisg; gpd;gw;wp thGk;

kd cWjp/ me; j kd cWjpahdJ re;jh;g;gk;. N:H;e piy
fhuzkhfnth my;yJ ntW vf;f huz';bfhz;Lk; rpwpJk;
jsutplf; TlhJ/ ,Jnt jpz;ikapy; jpz;i k/ me;j
cWjpahdJ neh;ik tHpapy;. mwtHpapy;. ePjp tHpapy; jsuhJ
229
elg;gJ jpz;i kapy; neh;ik/ ,it xd;Wf;bfhd;W beU'; fp

bkd;ikapy; bkd;ika[k; bkd;ikapy; td;ika[k;

md;ikaw;wikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (676)
bkd;ikahft[k ;. rhJthft[k ;. ,dpikahft[k ;.

RKfkhft[k; kw; wth;f s; ek;k plk; gHFk;nghJ mth;fistpl
ehk; kpfkpf bkd;ikahf mth; fsplk; ele;J bfhs;tJ
bkd;ikapy; bkd;i k/ me; j bkd; ikahd Fzk; re;jh;g;gk;.
N:H;epiy Kjypa vf;fhuz';b fhz;L k; tpyfhky; cWjpahf
,Ug;gJ bkd;ikapy; td;ik/
vr;rhpf;ifahf tpHpg;g[z h;t[l d; ,Ug;gth; fSf;F
bkd;ikapy; td;ika[ k; Koahj fhhpakhf ,y;yhky;
miltjw;F beUf;f kha; mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
moapDs; moa[k; moapil moa[k;

moa[w mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (678)
,iwtdpd; jpUtoahfpa ,U fz;f Sf;Fs;ns Muk;g

ep[iyiaa[k; me;j Muk;g epiyapy; ,iwtdpd; jpUtoa[ k ;
tps';f. jpUto mila[khW mikj;j mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
rhj; jpu';fbsy;yhk; jLkhw;w k; brhy;t jd;wp

nej;jpu';f s; nghy; fhl;l neuhfnt ? nej;jpu';fs; jpUr;
rpw;wk;gytd; jpUtUl; rPh; tz;z bkd; W
cw;wp';fwp;e;n jd; cte;J/
,e;jg; ghlypy; nej;jpu';f s; jpUr; rpw;wk;gytd; rPh ;

tz;zk; mjhtJ ghj';fs; vd;W TWfpd;whh;/
nej;jpu';fSf;Fs; ns tps';Ftnjh bew;wpf; fz; ? mjhtJ
g[Utkj;j p ? mjhtJ rpw; rig/
me;jr; rpw;r igapny guehj epiyapy; Muk;gepiyahfj;
njhd;W k; ngbuhspna ,iwtdpd; jpUto/
230
me;jj; jpUtoia mila[ k hW tFj;j

mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
(mLj;j thp tpsf;f k; fhz;f)
eLtpDs; eLt[k; eLtjpy; eLt[k;

mlh;t [w mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (680)
jPtpid ey;tpid vDk; td; fapw; w hy; ghugl;rkpd;wp

eLnehf;F ld; Ml;o itf;Fk; eLnt ,iwtd; MFk;/
tpUg;g[ btWg;gw;W vy;y h caph;fisa[k; bghJthfg; ghh; f;Fk;
eL nehf;Filnahhplk; eLthd ,iwtd; Fo mkh;fpwhd;/
,J eLtpDs; eL/ eLthfpa g[Utkj;jpapny Kd; thpapy;
moahfpa rpw;r ig mDgtkhfpa bgU";n$hjp Twg;gl;lJ/
,e;j thpapy; eLthfpa bghw;n$hjp Twg;gLfpwJ/
vy;nyhiua[k ; bghJ nehf;fpy; fhQqk; eL
nehf;Filahh; eLtpy; tps';Fk; ,iwjd;i kahdJ
bghw;rigapny bghd;bdhspahfj; njhd;wp beU';fpndhh;
mila[k ;go mikj;j mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
(mLj;j thp tpsf;f k; fhz;f)
,iwtd; bghJ vd;gjw;F Mjhuk;
fy;yhh;f;Fk; fw;wth; f;Fk; fspg;g USk; fspg;ng
fhzhh; f;Fk; fz; lth;f ;Fk; fz;z spf;F k; fz; nz
ty;yhh; f;Fk; khl;lhh;f;Fk; tukspf;F k; tunk
kjpahh; f;Fk; kjpg;gth;f;F k; kjp bfhLf; Fk; kjpna
ey;yhh;f;Fk; bghy;yhh;f;Fk; eLepd;w eLnt
euh;fSf;Fk; Ruh; fSf;Fk; eyk; bfhLf; Fk; eynk
vy;yhh;f;Fk; bghJtpy; elkpLfpd; w rptnk
vd;dunr ahd; g[f Yk; ,ira[k ; mzpe; jUns/
Koapdpd; Koa[k; KoapDs; Koa[k;

mlh;ju mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (682)
ve;j xd;W f;F k; g[ wj;n j Kot[ vd; w xd;W cz;L/

me;j Kotpw;Fg; gpd;Dk; xd;W ,Uf;Fkhdhy; mJ me;j
231
guk;bghUsha;j; jhd; ,Uf;f Koa[ k;/ Vbddpy; mJ xd;W

jhd; Kot[ ,y;yhjJ/
Kd; thpfspy; Twg;gl; l rpw; riga[ k; bghw;riga[ k ;
Kiwna ngbuhspa[k; bghd;bdhspa[k ; njhd;Wk; ,lkhff;
fhl;lg;gl;lJ/ Kothd mDgtk; cs; bshspahfpa
brt;bthspiaf; fhz;gnj/ mDgtj; jpd; Kont ,Jthfp
epiwit Vw;gLj;Jtjhy; KotpDs; KoahfpwJ/
,t;tDgtj;jhy; vy;y hr; rpwg;g[ fSk; mika tFj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
Fwpg;g[ /; rpw;wk;gyj; jpny el';f z;L Kotpny ,iwtidf;
fhz;gJ vd;gjw;F Mjhuk; /;
gz;zpa g{i$ epiwe;jJ rpw; wk;gy el';fz;L

vz;zpa vz;z k; gypj;jd bka;a pd;g bka;jpanjhh;
jz;zpayhuKJz;ldd; fz;ldd; rhkpia ehd;
ez;zpa g[z;z pak; vd;Diuf;n fdpe;j ehdpyj;nj/
(jpUtUl;g h 5398)
mfg; g{ mft[W g;ghf;f mjw;fit

mfj;nj tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (684)
mfk; vd;gJ Md; kh/ g{ mirr;brhy;/

Md;kh clypDs;nsapUe;j hYk; mJ jdpna ,Ug;gjhy;
vd;whtJ xU ehs; cliy tpl;Lg; gphpe;J tpLfpwJ/ mnj
rkak; cs; cWg;g[ fshfpa ,Ujak;. EiuaPuy; nghd; wit
cliy tpl;Lg; gphptjpy;iy/ Md;khita[ k; nkw;Twpa
cWg;g[fs; nghy; Xh; cs;SWg;ghf khw; wp tpl;lhy; mJ cliy
tpl;Lg; gphpahJ/ ,e; epiy ifTodhy; kuznk tuhJ/
me;j Md;k hit cs;SWg;ghf;FtJ vt;thW> Md;khit
cs;SWg;ghf;Ftjw;bfd;nw mit vdg;gLk; rpw; rig
bghw;rig vd;gtw; iw mfj;n j mjhtJ ek; clYf;Fs;ns
jpuz;l fUj;J/; ek; mfj;jpny cs;s rpw;rig
bghw;rig mwpe;J me;jr; rigapdJ mDgtj;ijr;
232
brhe;j khf; fpf; bfhz;l hy; Md;k hita[k; Xh; cs;SWg;ghf

khw;wp kuzj;ij bty; yyhk;/
g[wg;g{ g[wj;jpy; g[ida[Uthf;fpl

mwj;J ld; tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (686)
g[wk; vd;gJ fuzk; mjhtJ kdk;. g[j;jp. rpj; jk;

mf';f huk; vd;git/ ,it mfj; jpny ,Ue;j hYk; g[ wj;n j
fw;gidia cUthf;Fk; jd;ika[ilitahFk;/
fuz';f l;Ff; fw;gidia g[wj;nj mika[khW fUiza[ld;
mfg; g[wg;g{ mfg;g [w cWg;gpaw;wpl

mfj;jpil tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (688)
mfg;g[wkhfpa $Ptd; mfj;jpny jdpj;J ,Uf;Fk;

epiy khwp mfg;g[w cWg;ghf epd;W bray;gLkhW
clk;gpDs;ns mfj;jpny $Pt id mikj;j mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
Fwpg;g[ /; $Ptd; cs;n s ,Ue;j hy;/ kl;Lnk me; j $Ptdhy;
bray;gl Koa[ k;/ cliyr; bray;gl itg;gJ
cs;spUf;Fk; $Ptnd vd;gJ Kf;fpa fUj;J/
g[wg;g [wg;g { tjpy; g[wg;g [w cWg;g [w

mwj;jpil tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (690)
bka;. tha;. fz;. K: f;F. brtp Mfpa g[ wg;g[w

cWg;g[fshfpa ,e;j phpa';fs; btspg;g[w cWg;g[fshf bewpnahL
ghhpil nth;tpdpw; igapil Kl;ilapy;

MUaph; mikf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (692)
jhtu';f s; Kjypad g{kpapYk;. czp. ngd; Kjypad

nth;itapYk;. gwitfSk;. gy;y p Kjypa Ch;td tiffs;
Kl;ilapYk;. kpUf';f s; kdpjh;fs; Kjypad fUg; igapYk;
233
gpwtp cUthfp vLf;F khW caph;fis mikj;Js; s

mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
Fwpg;g[/ ; cyfpYs;s mj; jid $Ptd;fSk; gpwtpbaLg;gJ
,e;ehd;F tiff;Fs; ml';Fk;/ ,e; ehd;F
tiffspy; VjhtJ xUtifapy; kl; Lnk gpwtp
vLf;f Koa[k;/
Ch;td gwg;g d cWtd elg;g d

Mh;t [w tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (694)
$Ptd;fs; gpwtp vLg;gJ ehd;F tHpfspy; vd

Kd;thpapy; Twg;gl; lJ/ mt;thW njhd;wpa $Pt d;fspd;
tif ehd;fhf ,e; j thpapy; tFj;Jf; fhl;lg;gl;Ls; sJ/
ghk;g[. gy;yp. Xzhd; Kjypa Ch; td ,dkhft[k;.
gwitfs; vy;yhk; gwg;gd ,dkhft[k;. jhtu';fs; Kjypad
mira Koahj epiyapdjha; cWtd ,dkhft[ k;. kdpjh;fs;
kpUf';fs; Kjypad elg;gd vdt[k; ehd;F tiffshf
$Ptd;fis mikj; j mUl;bgU";n $hjp/
(njhw;w k; vt;thW ehd;F tifnah mt;thnw $Pt d;fspd;
tiffSk; ehd; fhf mike;jpUf;fpwJ/)
mirtpy mirt[s MU:aph;j; jpus; gy

mryw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (696)
jhtu';f s; Kjpypad mirah caphpd';fs;. mirah

caphpd';fs; vd;w hy; ,lk; tpl;L ntwplk; efu Koahjit
vd;W bghUs;/ kw; w $Pth; fshy; ,lk; tpl;L ,lk; bgau
Koa[khifahy; mira[k; caphpd';fs;/ cwtpdh; my;yhj
xUtiu mayhh; vd; fpnwhk;/ may; vd;gnj mry; vdf;
Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;s J/ Md;k nea xUikg;ghl;Lhpik bfhz;L
miraf; Toa caphpd';fisa[k; mirah caphpd';fisa[k ;
may; vd;W ,y;y hky; cwtpdkhfnt mikj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
234
Fwpg;g[/ ; vj;Jiza[k; ngjKwhJ vt;t[apUk; jk;Kaph; nghy;

vz;Qqjiyna ,';F mryw vdf; Twg;gl;lJ/
ehd;F tifj; njhw;w';fs;
ehd;F tifg; gpwtpfs;
,uz;L tifahf ,';F gphpf; fg;gl;Ls; sJ/
mwpbthU tif Kjy; Itif mWtif

mwpju tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (698)
njhw;w j;ijf; bfhz;Lk; gpwtpiaf; bfhz;Lk; ehd;F

tiffshf. ,uz;L tiffshfg; gphpf;fg;gl;l $Ptd;f is
mwpitf; bfhz;L ,';F gphpf; fg;gLfpwJ/
Xuwpt[s ;s jhtuk; Kjy; Iawpt[s;s kpUf';f s;tiu
m`wpizahft[ k; Mwwpt[ s;s kdpjg; gpwtpia
cah;jpizahft[ k; mwptpd; cah;r;r p jhH;r; rpiaf; bfhz;L
btt;ntW ,abyhL
,a byhL btt;ntW gaDw
mt;thW mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp / (700)
khWgl;l ,ay;g[ bfhz;L tps';Ffpd;w xt;bthU caph;
tifahYk; gyntW gad;fis ehk; Ja;f;FkhW mikj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
Fwpg;g[/ ; vy;yh caph; tiffisf; bfhz;L ehk;
Ja;f;fpd;w gaid vGj Vl;oyl';f h vdpDk;
xU rpy fhzyhk;/
jhtu';f s; ? czt[. fdp. epHy; Kjypatw;iwj;
jUfpd;wd/ kpUf';f s; ? ghy; ju. tz;o ,Gf; f.
rthhpbra;a/
rpj;jpu tprpj;jpu rpUl;ofs; gygy

mj;jif tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (702)
njhw;w ';fs; ehd;F tifahdhYk; xt;bthd; wpYk;

mHfHfhft[k ; gy tprpj;j pu'; fs; bfhz;ljhft[k; btt; ntW
tpjkhd gpwtpfis Vw;gLj;j pa mUl;b gU";n$hjp/
235
Fwpg;g[ /; tprpj;u vd;gJ mHfw;w rpy gpwtpfis mrp'; fk;.

mHfw; w vd;W Twhky; tprpj; u vd;W
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ ek; bgUkhdhhpd; fUiz
epiwe; j kdjpw;F r; rhd;w hf cs;sJ/
bgz;z pDs; MQqk; MzpDs; bgz;Q qk;

m z;Q qw tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (704)
gpUjptp. mg;g[. nja[. tha[. Mfhrk;. gpufpUjp. Md;kh

vd;w VG jhJf; fSk; To. Rf; fpyr; Rnuhzpj rk;ge;j rg;j
jhJtha; rpUc;&of;Ff; fhuzkhapd/ ,e;j VG jhJf;f spy;
gpUjptp. mg;g[. nja[. tha[ Mfpa ehd;Fk; bgz; ghfk;/
Mfhrk;. gpufpUjp. Md; kh Mfpa K: d; Wk; Mz; ghfk;. Mz;
ghfk; nruhJ bgz; cUtg;glhJ/ bgz; ghfk; nruhJ Mz;
cUtg;glhJ/ MQqf;Fs; ,t;thW bgz; ghfk;
nrh;e; Js;s jhy; MQqf;Fs; bgz; cs; sthWk;. bgz; zpw;F s;
Mz; ghfKk; nrh; e;jpUg;gjhy;. bgz; zpDs; MQqk; vd; wJ/
,it VGk; xd;W To xU FHe; ij Mdjhy; beU';fpa[w
(mz;Qqw) vd; wJ/ ,t;thW bgz;Qqf;Fs; MQqk;
MQqf;Fs; bgz;Qqk; beU'; fp[a[ w tFj;j mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
Mjhuk;/ ; ciueil gf; 259/
jiyg;g[ Mz; ? bgz; ? bgz;zhz;
kd mwpitg; bgz; zpay; vd;Wk; Md;k mwpit

Mzpay; vd;W k; TWfpd; whh;/ bgz; zpay;ghfpa kd mwpt[
Mzplj; jpYk;. Mz; ,ay;ghfpa Md;k mwpt[
bgz;zplj;jpYk; tps';ff; TLkhjyhy; bgz;zpDs; MQqk;
MzpDs; bgz;Qqk; tFj; jthW mwpf/
bgz;z pDs; K:d;W k; MzpDs; ,uz;L k;

kd mwpt[. ngjikj; jd;ik. btspj; njhw; w trPf uk;

Mfpa K:d;i wg; bgz;zplKk;. Md;k mwpt[. rydk; Mfpa
,uz;il MzplKk; tpyfhJ cs;sthW tFj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
236
bgz;z pil ehd;F k; Mzpil K:d;W k;

gpUjptp. mg;g[. nja[. tha[ mjhtJ kz;. ePh;. beUg;g[.

,akhdd; vd;Dk; fhw;W Mf ehd;Fk; bgz; zplj;jpy;
cs;sgoa[ k;. Mfhrk;. gpujpfpUjp. Md;k czh;r ;rp Mfpa
K:d;W k; Mzplj;jpy; cs;sgoa[k; ,itaidj; Jk; xd;W
nrUkhWk; tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
(Mjhuk;/ ; gf; 261 ? jiyg;g[ rg;j jhJf;fs; ? ciueil)
bgz;z pay; MQqk; Mzpay; bgz;Q qk;

bgz;zpd; jd;ik Miz ehLjYk;. Mzpd; jd;ik

bgz;iz ehLjYk; vg;bghGJk; khwhky; cs; sthW
Fwpg;g[/ ; ,j;jd; ikahy; $Pt ,af; fk; jilglhJ
eilbgw;W tUfpwJ/
bgz;jpwy; g[wj;J k; Mz; jpwy; mfj;J k;

mz;L w tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (712)
bgz;zpd; Mw;wy; g[wj;nj mHfhft[k;. trPfhpf;Fk;

tifapy; njhd;W khWk;. Mzpd; Mw;wnyh cs;slf;fp
Mw;wy;. mwpt[. tPuk; Kjypa re;jh;g;gk; neUk;nghJ
tps';FkhW mfj;j py; kiwt[gLj;jp tFj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
Fwpg;g[/ ; kdpj ,dk; jtpu kw;w $Ptd;fis nehf;Fk;nghJ
Mnz mHfhft[k ; trPfuk; cilajhft[k; cs;s J
? cjhuzkhf nrty;. Mz; kapy;. Mz; fpsp.
Mz; rp'; fk; Kjypatw;i w mjd; bgz;
,dj;njhL xg;gpl;lhy; Mnz mHfhdJ ?
trPfuKilaJ vd;gJ bjspthFk;/ Mdhy;
kdpj ,dj;jpy; kl;L k; bgz;z pd; g[w j;njhw;wnk
237
trPfukhf. mHfhf mike;J Miz ka';f

itf;fpwJ/ Mdhy; bgz;nzh Mzpd;
g[wj;njhw;w j;jpy; kl;Lky;yhJ mtdJ mfj;nj
tps';Fk; mwpt[. Mw;w y;. tPu k; Kjypatw;iwf;
fz;nl ehLkhW tFj;Js;sjhk;/
bgz;z pay; kdKk; Mzpay; mwpt[k;

kdk; khiaf;F moik/ khia cyfpaiy tpl;L

nknyw tplhJ mGj;Jk;/ mg;gog;gl;l kd mwpitg;
bgz;zpayhff; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/ cyfpaiy czh;e ;J
mUspaypy; cs;s ey;y ed;i kfis czh;j ;Jk; mwpit
Mz; ,ay; vd;W k; bfhs; s ntz;Lk;/
bgz;zpaiy kdkhft[k; Mzpaiy mwpthft[k;
xd;iwbahd;W beU';fp mila[khW tFj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
jdpj;jdp totpDk; jf;f Mz; bgz;z pay;

midj;J w tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (716)
Xuwpt[s ;s jhtu';f s; Kjyhf. gwitfs;. tpy';F fs;.

kdpjh; fs; tiu vy;yh $Ptd;fspYk; Ch;td. gwg;gd. cWtd.
elg;gd Mfpa ehy;tifj; njhw;w cUt';f spYk;.
xt;bthUtif $Pt totj;jpYk; mJ mjw;b fhj; jthW Mz;
vd;W k; bgz; vd;W k; jdpj; jdpna totj;ij mspj;J
mjdjd; ,ay;g [fs; midj;jpida[k ; mila[k hW tFj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
cdw;fUk; capUs clYs cyFs

midj;ija[k; tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (718)
vz;zpg; ghh;f;f ,ayhj mstpy; capUs;s gy

$Ptd;fisa[k;. clnyhL thHf;Toa gy caphpd';f isa[k ;
238
kw;Wk; $lg; bghUshft[k ; cyfpy; tps';Ffpd;w midj; Jg;

bghUs;f isa[k ; cz;lhf;fpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
Fwpg;g[/ ; capUs. clYs vd;W jdpj; jdpna
Twg;gl;Ls; sJ vd; d fhuzk; gw;wp vd;W
rpe;jpf;ft[ k;/ capUs;s $Ptd;f spy; gy
fz;Qqf;F j; njhw; wkpy;yhky; cs;sd/ mjhtJ
capuQqf; fs;. ghf; O hpahf; fs;. fpUkpfs; Kjypad
? fz;Qqf;Fj; njhw;wkpy;yhky; cs;sd ?
clnyhL fz;Qqf;Fj; njhw;wkhd $Ptd;fis
clYs vd;Wk;. fz;Qqf;Fj; njhw;wkhfhj
caphpd';fis capUs vd;Wk; gphpf;fpd; whnuh
vdj; njhd;W fpwJ/
Xt[wh vGtif caph; Kjy; midj;J k;

Mtif tFj;j mUl;bgU";
g U";n$hjp (720)
(1) jhtu';fs; (2) ghk;g[. gy;yp Kjypa Ch;t d.

(3) gwitfs;. (4) kpUf';fs;. (5) euh;fs;. (6) kdpjh;f s;.
(7) njth;f s; Mfpa VG tif caphpd';fs; midj;Jk; xU
gf;fk; ,wg;gpdhy; mHpe; J bfhz; nl ,Ue;j hYk; kW gf;fk;
njhd;w pf; bfh;znl ,Ug;gjhy; ,ilbtspna ,y;yhjthW
midj; J tif caphpd';fSk; thH; fpd;w epiy tFj; j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
igfspd; Kl;ilapy; ghhpdpy; nth;tpdpy;

Ibgw mikj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (722)
fUg;gg;ig K:ykhft[k ;. Kl;ilapypUe; Jk;. g{kpapdpd;W k;.

tpah;it K:y khft[k ; caphpd';f s; gpwtp vLf;FkhW mikj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
fUg;gg;ig K: yk; = kpUf';f s;. kdpjh; fs; Kjypad
Kl;ilapdp;d ;W = gy;y p. fhfk; Kjypa gwitfs;
g{kpapypUe;J = jhtu';fs;
tpah;itapypUe; J = czp. ngd; Kjypad
239
jha; fUg;igapDs; j';fpa caph;fis

Ma;t [wf; fhj;jUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (724)
jhapDila fUg; igapy; j';fpa caph;f s; mHpt[ whjthW

mtw;iw tpsf;f pg; gpwtpa[l d; cyfpy; njhd;WkhW
mUl; bgU";n $hjp Mz; ltnu fhj; jUs; tPuhf/
Kl;iltha;g ; gapYk; KG caph;jpus;fis

ml;lnk fhj;jUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (726)
Kl;ilapny j'; fp tsUk; capuhdJ me;j $Ptdpd;

KG cUtkhFk;/ mg;gog;gl;l caphpd';fs; midj; jpida[k ;
jplkhf btsp tUk;go mUl; bgU";n$hjp Mz; ltnu
fhj;j Us;tPu hf/
Fwpg;g[ /; xU Kl;il mjhtJ xU nfhHp Kl; il vd;W
kpfr; rhjhuzkhf vz;zptplf;T lhJ/ me; j
Kl;ilapDs; ,Ug;gJ xU KGf; nfhHp vd;gij
czh;j; jnt Kl;iltha;g; gapYk; KG caph; j ;
jpus; vd;W Twpdhh;/
epyk; bgWk; caph; tif ePs; FG midj;Jk;

myk; bgwf; fhj;jUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (728)
g{kpahdJ bgw; bwLf; fpd; w jhtu tifapd; bgah; fnsh

mstpl KoahjJ ? vz;zpyl';f hjdthFk;/ mit
midj; Jk; thlhky; tsh;e;J tps';F k;go mUl;bgU";n$hjp
Mz;ltnu fhj;jUs;tPuhf/
nth;t [w cjpj;j kpFk; caph;j;jpus;fis

Mh;t [wf; fhj;jUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (730)
jiyapny tpah; itapypUe;J jhd; ngd; njhd;Wfpd;w J/

ehapd; clk;g py; mjd; tpah;itapypUe; n j czp njhd;WfpwJ/
240
,t;thW tpah;itapypUe;J cjpf; fpd;w caphpd'; fisa[ k ;

mUl; bgU";n $hjp Mz; ltnu rpwg;g[w f; fhj;j Us;tPu hf/
cly; cW gpzpahy; caph; cly; bflhtif

mlYwf; fhj;jUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (732)
cly; milfpd;w nehapd; fhuzkhf caph;

j';fpapUf;f pd;w me;j clyhdJ bfl;Lg; nghfpd; wJ/
mjhtJ kuzk; vd;w xd;why; mHptJ kl;Lky;y/ ,J
nghpHg;g[/ gytifapy; cly; bfLfpwJ/
fz; FUlhfpwJ ? fhJ brtpLgLfpwJ ? if. fhy;
tpuy;fs; Fd; kj;j hy; mGfpf; FWfp tpLfpd;wd ? gf;f thj
nehahy;. if. fhy;fs; braypHe;J tpLfpd;w d/ ,t;thW
gy tpj';f spy; gpzpahy; clYk;. cly; cWg;g[fSk; bfl
tha;g;g[s;s J/ vdnt cly; mila[k; nehapdhy; clyhdJ
bfl;Lg; nghfhky; mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu
fhj;j Us;tPu hf/
rpR Kjw; gUtr; bray;fspd; caph;fis

mirtwf; fhj;jUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (734)
FHe;ij Kjy; gUt khw;w'; fshy; Vw;gLk;

tpist[fshy; clypny ,Ue;J capuhdJ gphpahky; filrp
tiu cyfpny thGk;go mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu
fhj;j Us;tPu hf/
Fwpg;g[ /; rpRg; gUtk; Kjy; tpUj; jhg;gpak; tiuapy; ve; jg;
gUtj;jpYk; kuzk; tuyhk;/ mt;thW neuhky;
fhj;j Usg; gpuhh;j ;jid bra;f pd;w hh;/ ,';F
mirt[ vd;gJ kuzj;ijf; Fwpf;fpd;w J/
capUWk; cliya[k; clYWk; capiua[k;

mah;twf; fhj;jUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (736)
Mfhaj;j pny epuk;gpapUf;fpd;w capuQqf;fs; ePh pd;

tHpahfj; je;ijapd; clypy; j'; fpg; gpd;dh; jhapd;
241
fUg;igapy; nrUfpd;wJ/ me;j capuQqf;fis Ez; fUtp

(Microscope) K:y k; fhz KofpwJ/ me;j capuQqf; fisg;
g{jg; nguQqt[U vd;f pwhh;/ caph; xspna ahFk;/ g{jg;
nguQq cUtpYs;s mQqf;fSf;Fs; caph; ,Uf; fpwJ/ g{jg;
nguQq cUnt caph; vLj; j clyhFk;/ me;jg; g{jg; nguQq
t[UthdJ jhapd; fUg;igapYs;s fU Kl;i lapDs;
EiHe;J j';f ptpLkhdhy; me;jf; fU Kl;i lahdJ gt[jpf
clk;ghf tsh;fpwJ/ gt[jpf clk;ghfpa ehk; fhQqk; !;J}y
clk;bgLj;Jf; bfhz;lJ g{jg; nguQq totpypUe; j caph;/
me;j caph; vLj;jJ g{jg; nguQq cU/ ,g;go caph;
mile; j cliya[ k; (g{jg; nguQqt[U) cly; (gt[jpf cly;)
vLj;j capiua[ k; jsh;tilahJ mUl; bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu
fhj;j Us;tPu hf/
ghLWk; mtj;ijfs; gytpDk; caph;fis

MLwf; fhj;jUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (738)
gy Jd;g';fs; thH;f ;ifapy; njhd;wp caph;fis

thl;Lfpd;wd/ ,e;j caph;f s; midj;jpida[k ;
mj;Jd;g';f spnyapUe; J mtjpg;glhky; ,d;gkhf thGk;go
Kr;Rluhjpahy;
luh jpahy; vr;rf capiua[k;
mr;rwf; fhj;jUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (740)
N:hpad;. re; jpud;. mf;fpdp Mfpa K: d;W Rlh;fisf;

bfhz;L ve;j cyfj;jpny thH; fpd; w capuhapDk; mtw;w pd;
gak; eP';fp thGk;go mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu
fhj;j Us;tPu hf/
thd; Kfpw; rj;jpahy; kiH bghHptpj;

bghHptp j;J aph;
Mdwf; fhj;jUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (742)
thdj;jpny njhd;Wk; nkfj; jpd; Mw;wyhy; kiH

bghHptpj;J caph;fspd; thl;l k; eP ';F khW mUl;bgU";n$hjp
242
,d;g [W rj;jpahy; vHpd; kiH bghHptpj;J

md;g [wf; fhj;jUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (744)
,d;gj;i j mspf;fpd;w j'; fspd; mUs;kpF Mw; wiyf;

bfhz;L mHpitj; jUfpd;w bgU kiH ,y;yhJ
Mde;jj;ij mspf;Fk; tifapy; kpf mHfhfj; njitahd
mst[ kiH bghHpa[k;gor; bra;J caph;f is
mUl; bgU";n $hjp Mz; ltnu md;g[ ld; fhj;j Us;tPu hf/
vz;z paw; rj;jpahy; vy;yh cyfpDk;

mz;Q qaph; fhj;
fhj;jUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (746)
mstw;w vz;Qqf; fl';fhj j'; f sJ nguhw;wyhy;

vy;yh cyfpYk; cs;s midj;J caphpd';fisa[k; ed;F
thGk;go mUl;bgU"; n$hjp Mz;ltnu fhj;j Us;tPu hf/
mz;lg; g[wg;g [w mKjk; bghHpe;J aph;

mz;L wf; fhj;jUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (748)
mz;l btspapny g[wg;g[w mKjkhf tps';Fk; kiH

bghHptpj;J caph; fs; midj;J k; ,ize;J thGk;go
njtiubay;yhk; jpfH; g[w mKjspj;J

Mtif fhj;jUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (750)
jat[k; ,uf;f KKila g[z; zpah;fl;bfy;yhk;

tps';Ffpd;w kjp kz;lyj;J mKjj;ij thahu
cz;Qqk;goj; je;J mth;fs; tps';Fk; tif
mfg;g [w mKjspj;J Ituhjpfis

mfg;g lf; fhj;jUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (752)
rpw;rig mKjspj;J bka;. tha;. fz;. K:f ;F. brtp

Mfpa ,e;jphpa'; fs; Ie; Jk;. kdk;. g[ j; jp. rpj;jk;. mf';fhuk;.
243
cs;sk; Mfpa fuz';f s; Ie; Jk; iftrk; MFk;go

mfg;g[wk; vd;gJ $Ptd;/ $Ptd; ,Uf;Fkplk; rpw;r ig
vdnt mfg;g[w mKjk; rpw; rig mKjkhapw;W rpw; rig
mKjj; jpw;F Mjhuk;/ ;
fs;Sz;lhbsdg; g[ fd;w hh; fdfrig eLnt

fz;lJz;L rpw;rigapy; cz;lJ Kz; lo ehd;
vs;Sz;l gytplaj; jpwf;F';fs; md;n w
vd;W k; ,wth epiyapy; ,Uj;J k; fs;
cs;Sz;l nghJ kaf;Fw;wpL';fs; mynt
cs;s kaf;fidj;j pida[ k; xHpj; jpL'; fs; kltha;
mth;f;F kp';F mwpt[ jUk; ahDz; l fs;ns/
(mDgtkhiy) (jpUtUl;gh 5725)
jUk; mf mKjhy; rj;jp rj;jh;fis

mUspdpy; fhf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (754)
mUs; jUfpd;w bghw;rigf; fhl;rp mKjj;jhy; vy;yhr;

rj;jpfisa[k ; mr;rj; jpfis elj;Jtpf;F k; vy;yhr;
rj;jh; fisa[ k; j';f spd; mUspdhy; mUl;bgU";n $hjp
Fwpg;g[ /; mfk; vd;gJ Md;kh Md;k htpd; ,Ug;gplk;
Md;khfhrkhd bghw; rig/ vdnt mf mKjk;
bghw;rig mKjk; Mapw;W/ bghw;rigapy; fhl;r p
jhd; cz;L/ me;j f; fhl;rpna bghw;r ig mKjk;
vdg;gl;lJ/ Kd; thpapy; Fwpg;g plg;gl;Ls; s
mDgtkhiyg; ghliyf; ftdpf; f/
fhyKk;
fhyKk; epajpa[k; fhl;o vt;t [apiua[k;
MYwf; fhj;jUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (756)
nfhil fhyj;jpy; bta;apYk; khhpf; fhyj;jpy; kiHa[ k ;

Mz;ltd; gilj;j epajp/ fhy'; fisa[k; mf; fhy';fspy;
244
epfH ntz;oa gUt khw; w';f isa[k; fpukg;go epfHr;

bra;J vt;t[a ph;f isa[k ; tskhf thGk;go mUl; bgU"; n$hjp
tp;r;iria ,r;iria tpistpj;J aph;fis

mr;rwf; fhj;jUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (758)
tp;r;ir vd;gJ tpj;ij/ ,r;ir vd;gJ Mir

my;yJ tpUg;gk;/ caph;f splj; jpy; Mw; wy; kpf;f
bray;ghLfisa[k ; mjw;Fhpa Mirfisa[k; nkYk; nkYk;
bgUfr; bra; J caph; fisg; gakpd;wp thGk;go
nghfKk; fspg;g [k; bghUe;J tpj;Japh;fis

MfKl;fhf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (760)
mDgtpf;f ntz;oa vy;y h ,d;g Rf';fisa[k ;

kfpH;r ;rpiaa[k; caph; fs; mila[khW bra; Jtpj; J
mt;t[aph;fspd; cs;spUe;J mUl; bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu
fhj;j Us;tPu hf/
fiy mwptspj;J f; fspg;g pdpy; capbuyhk;

miytwf; fhj;jUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (762)
"hd mwpit mspj;J cyfpdpy; cs; s caph;f bsy;y hk;

vjw;Fk; miye;J V';fpj; jphpahJ mDgtpf;Fk;go
tpla epfH;r;rpahd; kpFKaph; midj;ija[k;

milt[wf; fhj;jUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (764)
cyf tptfhu';fspy; Vw;gLk; rpy rk; gt';fspdhy; rpy

jtWfis ,iHj;JtpLk; caph;f isa[k; tpyf;fp tplhky;
j';fs; mUs; ghh;itapnyna itj;J mUl;bgU";n $hjp
245
Jd;gspj;
g spj;jh';nf Rfkspj;J aph;fis
md;g [wf; fhj;jUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (766)
caph;fs; jhk; bgw; w mw;g Rje; jpuj;i jg; gad;gLj;jpr;

bra;j tpidfl;n fw;gg; gaidj; Ja;g;gJ vy;n yhh; f;Fk;
bghJthdJ/ ,iwtdpd; ,e;j epajpapd;g oj; jPtpid
bra;njhh; mjw;Fhpa jz;lidiaa[k; ey;tpid bra; njhh;
ew;gaida[ k; milth;/ ,e;j epajpapd;g oj; jPtpid bra;njhh;
Kd; bra;j jPtpidapd; gadhfj; Jd;gk; mila[khW
tpjpj;j hYk; mj;Jd;gj;jpdhy; tUj;jkilahj mstpy;
Jd;gspj;j mg;nghnj mt;t[a ph; fl;Fr; Rfkspj; J
mt;t[aph;fis mUl; bgU";n $hjp Mz;ltnu md;g[l d;
fhj;j Us;tPu hf/
Fwpg;g[ /; Mz;ltd; rpyUf;Ff; fhahft[k; rpyUf;Fg;
gHkhft[k ; ,Uf; fpd; whd; vd;W thahfp thapwe;j
bksdkhfp vd;W bjhl';Fk; kfhnjtkhiyg;
ghl;oy; fhahfpf; fdpahfp vd;fpd;whh;/
jPtpidahsh;f ;F mtd; fhahfpwhd;/
ey;tpidahsh; fl;F mtnd gHkhfpwhd;/ ,e;j
mfty; thp ciuf;F ,e;j kfhnjt khiyg;
ghly; Xh; Mjhuk;/
funze;jpaj;jhy; fspg;g [w caph;fis

munzh;e;jspj;jUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (768)
kdk;. g[j;j p. rpj; jk;. mf';fhuk;. Mfpa fuz';f shYk;.

bka;. tha;. fz;. K:f ;F. brtp Mfpa ,e; jphpa';fshYk;
,d;gnk mila[k;g o mt;t[a ph;fSf;Fj; jh';fs; ghJfhtyhf
,Ue;J mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu fhj;jUs;tPu hf/
vj;jif vt;t [a ph; vz;z pd mt;t [a ph;f;F

mj;jif mspj;jUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (770)
ve;jtpjkhf mDgtpf; f ve; j $Ptd; Mirg;gLfpwnjh

me;j $PtDf;F mJ Mirg;gl;l tpjkhfnt mspj;J mjd;
246
Miria epiwntw;wp vd; mUl;b gU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu

fhj;j Us;tPu hf/
Fwpg;g[ /; vt;tz;zk; ntz;LfpDk; mt;tz; z k; md;nw
,u';fp <e; jUSk; gjk; vd;f pwJ jpUtog;g[fH;r ;rp/
vg;g o vt;t [a ph; vz;z pd mt;t [aph;f;F

mg;g o mspj;jUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (772)
ve;j caph; vg;gobay;y hk; tpUg;gg;gLfpd;wnjh me;j

caph;f;F mg;gona mJ bgw;W thH;fpd;wthW
mUl; bgU";n $hjp Mz; ltnu mUs; mspj;j Us;tP uhf/
V';fhJaph;j;jpus; v';bf';fpUe;jd
M';fh';F mspj;jUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (774)
gf;jp gytpjk;/ rpyh; j'; fl;F vd;b dd;d njitnah

mtw;iwbay;y hk; mUSk;go Mz;l tid ntz;Lthh;f s;/
rpyh; ekf;F vd;d njitnah mJ Mz;ltDf;F j;
bjhpahjh! mtd; je;j hy; jul;Lk;/ ehkhf xd;Wk; nfl;f
ntz;lhk; vd;W ,Ug;ghh;fs;/
vija[k; ntz; lhJ vjw;F k; V';fhj epuhir vd;Dk;
gf;Ftj;jpYs;s caphpd';fs; ve;bje; j ,lj;jpy; jj;j k;
bfhs;i fg;go vija[k; ntz;lhJ epd;wdnth me;j
$Pth;fl;Fk; me;j e;j ,lj;j pnyna mUl; bgU";n $hjp
Mz;ltnu mUs; jUtPh; fshf/
brhy;YWk; mRj;jj; bjhy;Yaph;f;ft;tif

my;yypy; fhj;jUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (776)
jtW bra;a[ k; $Pth;f s; gHpr; brhy;Yf;F vd;Wk;

Mshthh; fs;/ jPa FzKilath;fns jtW bra;t hh;f s;/
mt;thW jtW bra;af; Toa $Pt h;fisa[k; gHpr; brhy; yhy;
Vw;glf; Toa my; yypUe;J mUl;b gU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu
fhj;j Us;tPu hf/
247
Fwpg;g[ /; jPa FzKilnahh; gHpr; brhy;Yf;F Mshfpna

jPUth;/ ,ijna brhy; YWk; vd;w thh;j; ij
tpsf;Ffpd;wJ/ Md; khf; fisg; gpwtp vLf;F
Kd;ng gf;Ftk;. mgf;Ftk;. gf;Fth gf;Ftk; vd
K:d;whff; flt[spd; mUl; rf;j p gphpj; J tpl;lJ
vd ciueilapy; ek; bgUkhdhh; TWfpd;whh;/
,e;j thpapy; mgf;Ft Md;khf;fspd; epiy Twp
ntz;lg;gl; lJ/
Rj;jKk; mRj;jKk; njha[a ph;f; fpUikapd;

mj;jif fhj;jUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (778)
Kd; thpapy; jtW bra;f pd;w moepiy $Pth; fisf;

fhg;ghw;w ntz; lg;gl;l J/ mt;t hW jtnw bra;f pd;w
moepiyapypUe;J rw;W jpUe;j p ey;y rpy Fz';f is
tsh;j;j $Pt h;fs; jPait ey;y it Mfpa ,uz;Lk; fye;J
fhzg;gLthh; fs;/ ,ijj; jhd; Rj;jKk; mRj; jKk; njha;e; j
caph; vd ,e;j thpapy; Twg;gl; lJ/ mitfs; bra;f pd;w
ey;tpid jPtpidf;n fw;g ,k;ik kWik ,d;g';fis
mt;thnw mspj;J mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu
fhj;j Us;tPu hf/
Fwpg;g[ /; Kd; thpf; Fwpg; igf; fhz; f/ gf;Fth gf;Ft
Md;khf;fspd; epiy ,e;j thpapy; tpsf;f p
ntz;lg;gl; lJ/
tha;e;jpLk; Rj;j tif caph;f;F xUikapd;

Ma;e;J wf; fhj;jUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (780)
Kd;thpapy; rw;W jpUe; jp ey;y it jPait Mfpa

,uz;Lk; fye; j $Pth;fs; thH ntz;lg;gl;l J/ Kjypy;
mRj;j epiyapypUe; J Rj;jKk; mRj;jKk; njha;e ;j
epiyf;F khwpg; gpd;dh; jPait midj;Jk; eP' ;fpa. ey;yd
kl;Lnk tps';Ffpd;w $Pth;f isg; gw;wp ,e; j thpapy;
Twg;gLfpwJ/
248
J}a Fz';fns tha;f;fg; bgw;w ey;y Md;khf; fSf;F

"hd mwptpdhy; xd;wpa kdk; TLkstpw;F Muha;r; rpa[k ; To
mila[k hW mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu fhj; jUs;t Puhf/
Fwpg;g[ /; Kd; thpfspd; Fwpg;gpidf; fhz; f/ gf;Ft
Md;khf;fspd; epiy gw;wpf; Twp ntz; lg;gl;lJ/
vitbayhk; vitbayhk; <z;od <z;od

mitbayhk; fhj;jUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (782)
ve;bje;j caph;f s; ,iwtnd cd;i d beU';fpdnth

mt;t[aph;fis vy;yhk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu
fhj;j Us;tPu hf/
Fwpg;g[ /; ,iwtid mz;oa caph;fisf; fhj;j Us;
vd;wjdhy; ,iwtid mz;lhj caph; fs; j';f s;
j';fs; g{h;t $d;k tpidf; nfw;g mjdjd;
gaid mile;n j jP Uk; vd;gJ tps';Ffpd; wJ/
,iwtid mz;oa caph;f nsh tpid xU gf;fk;
Jd;ge; je; jhYk;. mj;Jd;g j;jpdpd;Wk;
,iwtdhy; fhg;ghw; wg;gLfpd;wd/ gf;jpahy;
,iwtid mQqfp mile;jhy; CiHa[k; mWf; f
Koa[k;/
Mjhuk;/ ;
CiH mWf; f cstwpahg; bgha;adptd; kdk;

gPiH kdk; ek;ikg; bgwhj kdk; bfhoa
jhiH bad vz;zp vd;i dj; js;s ptpl;lhy; vd; bra; ntd;
ViH ehd; xw;wp vGj;jwpa[k; bgUkhnd/ (746)
mz;lj; Jhpira[k; mfpyj;Jhpira[k;

mz;lw mlf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (784)
mz;lg; bgUbtspapny cs;s Fw;w'; fSk; mfpykhk;

,t;t[yfpny cs;s Fw;w ';fSk; beU';f hjthW
mUl; bgU";n $hjp Mz; ltnu mlf;fp mUs;t Ph;f shf!
249
mz;lg; bgUbtspapny ek; ikg; ghjpf;f f; Toa

mj;jida[nk mz;lj; JhpRfs;/
g{kpapny njhd;W k; g{fk;gk;/ ePh pny njhd;Wk; mstpw;F
kPwpa bgU bts; sk;. nga; kiH. fhw; wpdhy; Vw;gLk; ehrfhug;
g[ay; Kjypad mfpyj;JhpR/
gpz;lj; Jhpira[k; ngUaph;j; Jhpira[k;

mz;lw mlf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (786)
clypy; Vw;gLfpd;w Cd';fs; mjhtJ FUL. brtpL.

Cik nghd;wit gpz;lj; JhpR/ jPtpidahy; tUk;
clw;gpzpaw;w Jd;g';fbsy;y hk; ngUaph;j; JhpR/
gpz;lj; jpYk; ngUaphpYk; JhpRfs; mjhtJ Fw;w';fs; vJt[k ;
beU'; fhjthW mlf; fp mUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
capUW khiaapd; cWtphp midj;J k;

mapuw mlf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (788)
khiaahfpa cyf Miria caph; mila[ k;/ caph;

mile; j khiaapd; tphpnth mde; jk;. mjhtJ khia
vd;gJ cyf Mir/ me;j Mirapd; msitf; Twg;g[fpd;
vz;zpy; ml';fh/ me;j Mirfs; midj;j pida[ k ;
jaf;fkpy;yhky; mlf; fp mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu
Ms;tPuhf/
capUWk; ,Utpid cWtphptidj;J k;

mah;tw mlf;F k; mUl;bgU";
gU";n$hjp (790)
kdpj caphpdk; kl;Lk; ey;t pid jPtpid ,uz;i la[k;

milfpwJ/ ,t;tpidfs; ,uz; Lk; kdk;.
thf;F. fhak; Mfpa K:d;wpdhYk; mila[k;/
me;j tpidfs; tpdhof;F tpeho bgUfpf;
bfhz;n l tUtjhy; mjd; bgUf;f j;jpd; msnth
brhy;y KoahJ/ mg; bgUf; fj;jpidr;
nrhh;tilahJ mlf;f p vd; mUl;b gU";n$hjp
Mz;ltnu mUs; jUtPuhf/
250
Fwpg;g[ /; kdpj ,dj;jpw;F kl;Lk; mw;g Rje;juk;

,iwtdhy; jug;g l;Ls;s J/ me; j mw;g
Rje;juj;jhy; kdpj ,dk; ey;tpidnah
jPtpidnah bra;J bfhz; nl ,Ug;g jhy; ght
g[z;zpa';fSk;. tpidfSk;. tpidfl;nfw;gg;
gad;fSk; kdpj ,dj;ijr; rhh;fpd;w d/ kw; w
$Pth;fl;F mw;g Rje; juk; jug;glhjjhy;
mitfspd; bray; fl;Fg; ght g[ z; zpa';fnsh
tpidnah fpilahJ/
fhkg; g[ilg;g [ caph; fz; bjhluh tif

Mkw mlf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (792)
g[ilg;g[ vd;gJ nknyh';FtJ/ fhkj; jpd; g[ilg;g hfpa

nkhfnkh caphpdj; ijj; bjhluhj tifapy; mit ,Ue;jd
vd;w brhy;Yf;nf ,lkpy;y hjthW mUl;bgU"; n$hjp
Mz;ltnu mlf;fp mUs;jUtPuhf/
Fwpg;g[ /; tpidiag; gw; wp Kd; thpapy; Twg;gl;l J/ me;j
tpidf;Ff; fhuzk; Mir/ nknyh'; fpa Mir
vd;gijna fhkg;g[i lg;g[ vd ,e; j thpapy;
Twg;gl;lJ/ Mir mWe;J tpl; lhy; tpidna
mWgl;LtpLk;/
bgh';F W btFspg; g[ilg;g [fbsy;yhk;
m';fw mlf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (794)
rpdk; vd;gJ cs;ntf;fhL. btFsp vd;gJ fz;

rptj;jy; kPir Joj;jy; nghd;w btspg;gL bray;fs;/
,it Ma[ is ec;&lkilar; bra;a [k;/ btFspapd; mst[
kPwy;f s; vg;nghbjy;y hk; vGfpd;wnjh mg;nghnj m';n fna
rpwpJk; ,y;yhJ mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu mlf;f p
Ms;tPuhf/
Fwpg;g[ /; bray;ghLfl;F Mir kl;Lk; fhuzky;y/
nfhgKk; fhuzkhjyhy; mjd; cl;g phpt[fshfpa
btFsp rpdk; Kjypatw;wpy; ,e;j thpapy; btFsp
251
Twg;gl;lJ/ fhkj;J ld; btFspa[ k; mlf;fg;gl

ntz;Lk;/
kjk; g[iu nkhfKk; kw;wt[k; M';fh';F

mjk; bgw mlf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (796)
mf';f huKk;. vg;ghLgl;l htJ vt;t ifahapYk; jhd;

tpUk;gpaij mile;nj jP UtJ vd; fpw nkhfKk; ,it
,uz;ila[k; rhh; e;j kw;w jP ikfSk; v';bf';F
bjhl';F fpd; wdnth m';f';nfna ehrkila[k hW
mUl; bgU";n $hjp Mz; ltnu mlf;fp mUs; jUtP h;fshf/
Fwpg;g[ /; ,e;j thpapYk; tpidf;Ff; fhuzkhf cs;s
nkhfk;. kjk; Kjypad vLj;J f; fhl;lg;gl; ld/
,it midj;J k; ePf;fg;g l ntz;oaitna/
tLt[W k; mRj;j thjid midj;ija[k;

mlh;g w mlf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp
$hjp (798)
jPa Fz'; fs; bfhz;l xUtd; xUKiw jpUotpl;L r;

rpiwf;Fg; nghdhd;/ rpyfhyk; fHpj; J mtd; jpUe; jp xU
bghpa kfhdhf tsh; e;Jtpl;lhd;/ gy fhyk; fHpj;J kfhdhf
,Ue;j mth; jd; brhe;j CUf;F te;jhh;/ kf; fspy; gyh;
mth; bghpa kfhd; vd;W mth; fhypy; tpGe;J tz';fpdh;/
rpW tajpy; mtiuj; bjhpe; j xUth; ahh; mJ kfhdh
md;W jpUotpl;Lr; rpiwf;Fg; nghdhnd mtd; jhnd vd;W
nfl;lhuhk;/ jw;nghJ jpUe;j p xU kfhd; vd; w bgah; bgw;w
gpwFk;. Kd;g[ vLj; j me;jf; bfl; l bgah; khwhJ/ mogl;l
,lj;jpy; g[z ; MwpdhYk; milahskhf tL ,Uf;Fk;/ mJ
nghy; thH;t py; ehk; bra;f pd;w jtWfs; vd;iwf;Fk; ek;ik
milahsk; fhl;of; bfhz; nl ,Uf;Fk; / ,ijj; jhd; tL
vd;W TWfpd;whh;/
vd;iwf;Fk; milahsk; fhl;L fpd; w jPa Fz'; fs;
midj; ija[k ; rpwpJk; ,Uf;f bthl; l hJ mUl;bgU";n$hjp
Mz;ltnu mlf;fp vd; id Ml;bfhs;tP uhf/
252
Rj;jKk; mRj;jKk; njha;e;j thjidfis

mj;jif mlf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (800)
ey;tpid jPtpid Mfpa ,uz;od; K: ykhf tuf;Toa

,d;g Jd;g mDgt';f s; midj;j pida[k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp
Mz;ltnu mlf;fp ,Utpid xg;g[ky ghpghfk; mUs;tPu hf/
Fwpg;g[ /; ey;tpid. jPt pid Mfpa ,uz;L k; gpwtpiaf;
bfhLf;Fk;/ ,uz;L k; mw;Wg; nghdhy; gpwtpia
mWf;fyhk;/ ,jdhy; jhd; ,t; tpuz;ila[k ;
mlf;FkhW ,iwtid ntz;Lfpd;whh;/
ehy;tapw;WhpRk; ez;Qqaph; Mjpapy;

Myw mlf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (802)
JhpRfs; mjhtJ Fw;w'; fs; ehd;F tif/ ahit>

gpzp. K:g;g[. gak;. Jd;gk;/ gpzp. K:g;g[ ,uz;Lk; clYf;F
tUtJ/ gak;. Jd;gk; Mfpa ,uz; Lk; mfj;nj kdjpy;
njhd;W tJ/ ,e; ehd;F JhpRfisa[k; bjhl';Fk;nghnj
,it mw;W k; nghFk;go mUl;bgU";n $hjp Mz;ltnu mlf; fp
mUs;g[ hptPh ;fshf/
ehy;tapw; gilg;g [k; ehy; tapw; fhg;g [k;

Myw mlf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (804)
$Ptd;fs; ehd;F tiffshf mjhtJ Ch;td. gwg;gd.

cWtd. elg;gd vd; wthW gilf; fg; gl;Ls;sd/ Md;kh.
$Ptd;. fuz';fs;. ,e; jphpa';fs; Mfpa ehd;Fk; xt;bthU
$PtDf;Fk; cz;L/ Kd; thpapy; Twg; gl;l gpzp. K:g;g[. gak;.
Jd;gk; Mfpa ehd;Fk;T l $Ptd;fl;Fg; bghJthfnt cs;sJ/
ehd;F Fw;w';fshYk; ,e; j $Ptd;f l;F Mgj;J neuhtz;z k;
K:t plj; jpUikapd; Kd;dpa bjhHpw;fhpy;

Mtplj; jlf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (806)
K:tplk; = ehd; ? eP ? mJ. mts;. mtd;/
253
,Uik = ,k; ik. kWik/
jd;ik. Kd;dpiy. glh;f ;if vd ,yf; fzk;

K:tplj; ijf; Fwpf;fpwJ/ jd;i k vd; gJ ehd; ? Kd;dpiy
vd;gJ eP/ glh;f ;if vd;gJ mtd; . mts;. mJ MFk;/
ehd;. eP vd;gJ cah;jpiz. mJ vd;gJ m`wpiz/
Mwwpt[s ;s $Pth;f s; Kjy;. Ie;jwpt[ bjhl';fp Xuwpt[ s;s
jhtuk; tiu midj;J $Pt d;fisa[k ; gilj;jy;. fhj;j y;.
JhpR ePf;Ftpj;j y;. gf;Ftk; tUtpj;jy; Mfpa Ie;J
bjhHpy;fs; K:yk; ,k;ik kWik ,d;g';f is mspj; Jj;
jd; mUs; btspf;F s;nsna mlf; fp mUl; bgU";n $hjp
K:t pl Kk;ikapd; Kd;dpa bjhHpw;fhpy;

Mtplk; mlf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (808)
Xuwpt[ Kjy; MW mwpt[ tiu cs;s cah; jpiz

m`wpiz Mfpa vy;y h $Ptd;fisa[k; kdk; thf;F fhak;
Mfpa K:d ;wpdhy; Mw;wg;gLk; bray; ghLfspy; mika[ khW
mlf;f p Ms;fpd;w mUl; bgU"; n$hjp Mz;ltnu/
jj;J tr; nrl;ila[k; jj;J tj; JhpRk;

jj;Jt'; fs; bkhj;jk; 96 vd tFf;fg; gl;Ls;sd/
fUnke;jphpa';fs;. "hnde; jphpa';fs; mitfspd;

bjhHpw;ghLfs;. $Ptd;. Md;kh. Mztk;. khia. fd;kk;.
khkhia. jpnuhij. grp. gpzp. gak;. Jd;gk; Kjypa
bjhz;Qqw;whW jj; Jt';f spdhy; Vw;glf;Toa rpy
tpUk;gj; jfhj epfH;t[fisa[k; (nrl; ilfs;) mitfspdhy;
Vw;gLk; Fw; w';fSk; (JhpR) kpfhky; mUl;bgU";n$hjp
Mz;ltnu mlf;fp mUs;jUtPuhf/
254
Rj;jkh epiyapy; N:GW tphpit

jPa Fz';fs; tpyfp. kdk; J}a;i kaile;J

mDgtpf;Fk; me; jr; rkaj;jpy; epfGk; gue; j mDgt
epiyfspy; me; j kdij ed;F mlf;fp mUl; bgU";n $hjp
Mz;ltnu mUs; mspg;gP h;fshf/
fiutpd; kh khiaf; fUk;bgUe;jpiuahy;

miurJ kiwf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (814)
vy;iyna ,y;yhj khkhia vDk; khah rf;jpapdhy;

cyf Miria $Pt h;fl;F nkYk; nkYk; cz;l hf;f p
,iwtdpd; murhl;r p ,d;dthW cs;s J vd mwpah tz;zk;
kiwg;igf; fhpa bghpa jpiuahf Vw;gLj;jpa[ s;s
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
ngUW ePyg; bgUe;jpiu mjdhy;

MUaph; kiwf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (816)
cliy ,af;Ffpd; w rpwg;g[ ila capuhdJ clYf;Fs;

vg;go te;jJ. v'; nf ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;bwy;yhk; mwpah
tz;zk; fphpah rf;j p vd; w ePyj; jpiuahy; kiwf;fpd;w
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
gr;irj; jpiuahy; gubtspajid

mr;Rw kiwf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (818)
gr;irj; jpiu vd; fpw guhrf;jpahy; khiaia

$PtDf;Fj; je;J ,iwtd; tps'; Fk; gubtspia kpf
mGj;j khfnt kiwf;fpd;w mUl;bgU"; n$hjp/
brk;ikj; jpiuahy; rpj;J W btspia

mk;ikapd; kiwf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (820)
rptg;g[j; jpiuahfpa ,r;rh rf;jp vd;w xd;iwf;

bfhz;L $Ptd; fshdJ rpj;Jf; fs; tps';Ffpd;w mDgt
255
btspia mila bthl; lhJ btFbjhiytpy; epWj; jp

kiwf;Fk; mUl;bgU";n $hjp/
bghd;ikj; jpiuahy;
jpiuah y; bghUSW btspia
md;ikapd; kiwf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (822)
k";rs; tz;z Kila bghd;i kj; jpiuahfpa "hd

rf;jp vDk; jpiuahy; rptkhfpa bghUis milaf; Toa
btspia beU';fh tz;zk; J}uj;j pnyna epWj;j p kiwf;Fk;
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
btz;ikj; jpiuahy; bka;g ;g jp btspia

mz;ikapd;
kapd; kiwf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (824)
btz;ikj; jpiuahfpa Mjprf; jp vDk; jpiuahy;

cz;ikahd ,iwtdpd; ,Ug;gplj;i j mila[k; btspia
kpf mUfpnyna itj;Jk; kiwf;f pd;w mUl;bgU"; n$hjp/
fyg;g [j; jpiuahy; fUjDgt';fis

myg;g [w kiwf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (826)
Md;kPf j; Jiwapy; ,Ue; j xU fUj;J vd; dbtdpy;

"hdpfs;. g[z;z pah;fs; Mfpath;fspd; $PtdhdJ Kotpy;
,iwtDld; fye;J tpl Koa[k ; vd;Wk;. ,e;j clk;g [
mjw;Fj; jil vd;W k; fUjpg; gyh; tYf; fl;lhakhfj;
jhdhfnt clk;ig tpl;oUf;fpd;whh;fs;/ ts;s yhh; fUj;njh
ahuhapUe;jhYk;. vt;tst[ bghpa "hdpaha; ,Ue;j hYk;.
md;dhuJ njfk; kz;zpw;nfh beUg;g[ f;nfh ,iuahFkhdhy;
mtuJ caph; me;jg; gpwg;gpy; bra;j ed;ik jPikfl;nfw;gg;
gpwtp vLj;n j jPU k; vd;g jhFk;/ $PtdhdJ jdpj; J
,a';fhJ vd;W k; jpl;ltl;lkhf mwptpf;fpd;whh;/ fyg;g[
vd;gJk; xU jpiuahFk;/
rpw;rj;jp vd;f pd;w fyg;g[j ; jpiuahy; ,Jtiu Vw;gl;l
mDgt';fis monahL njhd;whjthW kiwf; fpd; w
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
256
tpla epiyfis btt;ntW jpiufshy;

mlh;g [w kiwf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (828)
cyfpaypny cs;s gy; ntW tpla';fs;. gyntW

epfH;t[ fs;. xt;bthd;W k; xt;bthU kiwg;ghfg; gyntW
kiwg;g[fis cz;lhf;fp me;j kiwg;ghdJ vspjpy;
tpyfhjthW mlh;e;J beU';fp cs;sthW kiwf;f pd;w
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
jj;J t epiyfisj; jdpj; jdpj; jpiuahy;

mj;jpw kiwf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (830)
gpz;lj; jpny jj; Jt';f is ,e;jphpa'; fs;. fuz';fs;.

mitfs; braw;ghLfs; Kjypathff; fzf;fpl;L 96 vd
tFj;Js;s hh;f s;/
mz;lj;jpny gpUk;k h. tpc&;Qq. Uj; ud;. knfRtud;.
rjhrptd; Kjyhfg; gy mDgt';f isj; jj;Jt'; fshff;
fhl;oa[ s;shh;fs;/ me;jj; jj; Jt'; fs; xt; bthd; iwa[k ;
xt;bthU jpiuahf epWj;jpj; jd; ty;ygj;j hy; kiwf;Fk;
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
jpiu kiwg;bgy;yhk; jPh ;j;jh';fh';nf

muRwf;fhl;L k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (832)
jpiufspdhy; Vw;gl; l mj;J iz kiwg;g[fisa[k ; ePf;f p
xt;nthh; mDgtj; ija[k ; jd; trkhf;f p M';fh';nf
jd;dhl;rp brYj;JkhW fhl;L fpd; w mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
(ve;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp ,Jtiu jpiuapl;L
kiwj;j njh mJnt mj;jpiufis tpyf;fpf; fhl;Lkhk;)
njhw;w khkhiaj; bjhlh;g Wj;jUspd;

Mw;wiyf; fhl;L k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (834)
njhd;W fpd;w bgUk; nguhirapd; bjhlh;ig mWj;J

,iwaUspd; ty;ygj;ijg; nguhw;wiyf; fhl;L k;
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
257
Fwpg;g[/ ; khkhia vd;gJ bgUk; nguhir vd; dpy; me; j

Mirapd; bjhlh;ng ,y;yhJ epuhir epiy
Vw;gLkhdhy; ,iw mUspd; Mw;wiy ehk; fhz
Koa[k;
Rj;j khkhiaj; bjhlh;g Wj;jUis

mj;jif fhl;L k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (836)
Kd; thpapy; Twg;gl;l njhw;w khkhia vd;gJ

cyfpay; thH;tpy; njhd;Wfpd; w bgUk; nguhirfisg;
gw;wpaJ vd;w hy; ,e;j thpapy; Rj;j khkhia vd;gJ
mUspaypny. Md; kPfj; Jiwapny njhd;w f;Toa bgUk;
nguhirfisf; fz; of;fpwJ/
mUspaypny. "hdj;jpny. jtj;jpny <LgLk;bghGJ
gy rpj;J f;fs; jhdhff; if tUk; my;yJ gy
rpj;Jf;fis ehnk mila Mir bfhz;L mila
Kaw;rpg;gJ/ mUs;thf;F. rpj;J tpisahl;L nghd;w mw;g
Mirfspd; bjhlh;ig mWj; J mtw; iw mila tpUk;ghky;
,iwtid miljny Fwpf; nfhshff; bfhz;L thH;fpd;w
tif mUis mUl;bgU"; n$hjp Mz; ltnu mspj; jUs;t Puhf/
vidj; jhzt Kjy; vy;yhk; jtph;j;nj

mDf;fpufk; g[hp mUl;bgU";n$hjp (838)
fy;tp. bry;tk;. Fyk;. g[fH;. bjhHpy; Kjypa gy

fhuz'; fshy; xU kdpjDf;F Mztk; Vw;gl tHpa[z ;L/
,ijj; jhd; vidj;J Mztk; vdf; Twg;gl;lJ/
,t;thW vf; fhuz'; bfhz;Lk; ve;j tpjj;jhYk; tuf;
ToaJ Mztk;/ Mztj;i jj; bjhlh;e;J tuf;T oa khia
fd;kk; Kjypatw; iwa[k ; jtph;j ; J mUl;bgU";n$hjp
Mz;ltnu mUs;g[h ptPuhf/
258
tpla kiwg;bgyhk; tpLtpj;J aph;fis

mila[wj; bjUl;L k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (840)
$hjp. kjk;. rkak;. Fyk;. nfhj;jpuk; . bkhHp. njrk;.

cah;t[. jhH;t [. ViH. gzf;fhud;. Kjyhsp. bjhHpyhsp.
nghd;w gy;ntW tpla'; fshy; rnfhju chpik. ,iwehl;lk;.
Kjypad $Pt h;fsplk; mGj; jkhf kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;s J/
mt;tpj kiwg;g[fspypUe;J $Pt h;fis tpLtpj;J j';fs;
mUs; ty;ygj;jhy; xd;W nrh;j ; J mUl;bgU";n$hjp
Mz;ltnu thH;t spg;gPh ;fshf/
brhU:g kiwg;bgyhk; bjhiyg;gpj;J aph;fis

mUspdpy; bjUl;L k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (842)
,iwtd; midth;f;Fk; bghJthf xUtnd cs; shd;

vd;gjwpahJ cUt ngj';f spdhy; Vw;gl;L s;s
kiwg;igbayhk; nghf;fp caph;fis mUspd; Mw;wypdhy;
xd;W nrur; bra;J mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu
thH;tpg;gPh ;fshf/
(my;yJ)
khw;w ,ayhj gpwtpf; Fzf;nfLfshy; ,iwtid
kiwf;f pd;w kiwg;g[ Vw;gLk;/ me;j kiwg;iga[ k ;
nghf;foj;J caph; fis cdJ mUs; ty; ygj;jhy; xd;W
nrh;j; J mUl;bgU";n $hjp Mz; ltnu thH;tpg;gPh ;fshf
Fwpg;g[ /; xUtd; kpf kpff; nfhgKilatd; vd;why;
mtidg; gw;w pr; brhy;Yk;nghJ mtDila
brhU:gk; bjhpahjh vd; fpnwhk;/ nfhgkhfpa
Fzk; mtdJ brhU:gkhapw;W/ ek; bgUkhdhUk;
rka rd;khh;f;f k; gw;wp tpsf;F k;nghJ rj; Jt
Fz';fs; thr;rpahDgtkhfpr; brhU:ghDgtk; Mf
n;tz;Lk; vd;g ij Ma;f/
259
kiwg;g pd; kwe;jd tUtpj;jh';nf

mwj;bjhL bjUl;Lk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (844)
gyntW kiwg;g[fspdhy; $Pth;fs; ,iwtid kwe;J

thH;e;J bfhz;oUf;fpd;whh;fs;/ mt;t[aph;fSf;F ,iw
czh;it tUtpj; J mitfis mUl; bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu
mwtHp epw;F khW nrh;j; jUs;t Puhf/
Fwpg;g[ /; ,t;t[yfpy; epfGk; jPa bray;fs;
midj; jpDf;F k; fhuzk; ,iwtidg; gw;wp
m";rhj jPath;fns/ ,iwtDf;Fg; gae;jth;f s;
jPait bra;aj; Jzpahh;/ ,iwtid kwe;J
thH;gth;f s; mndfkhfj; jPa Fz';fis
cilatuhfnt ,Ug;ghh;f s; vdyhk;/
vt;tif caph;fSk; ,d;g [w M';nf

mt;tif bjUl;L k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (846)
jhtu';f s;. gwitfs;. kpUf';f s;. kdpjh;fs; midj;J

$Pth;fSk; ,d;g[w ;W thH;fpd;w epiyapy; mt;t[aph;fs;
midj; jpida[k; xd;W nrh;j; J mUl; bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu
thH;tpg;gPh ;fshf/
flt[sh; kiwg;igf; foe;jth;f;fpd;g k;

mila[wj; bjUl;L k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (848)
flt[is mwpabthl;lhJ kiwg;gJ vJnth mij

mwpe; J mk; kiwg;igf; fz; oj;J eP f;Fgth;f;F mt;t[aph;fs;
,d;gj;i jg; g{uzkhf mila[ khW mUl;bgU";n$hjp
Mz;ltnu nrh;j;j Us;tP uhf/
rj;jpfs; kiwg;igj; jtph;j;jth;f;fpd;g k;

mj;J wj; bjUl;L k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (850)
ve;jr; rj;j pfs; ,iwtid kiwf;fpd;wdnth (jpiu

tpsf;fk; fhz;f) me;jr; rj; jpfisj; jtph; j;J kiwg;ig
260
ePf;fpath;fl;F mUl;bgU";n$hjp Mz;ltnu ,d;gj;i jj;

bjhlh; e;J mspg;gPuhf/
Fwpg;g[ /; kz;zhir. bgz;zhir. bghd;d hir. g[fHhir
Kjypa Mirfspy; VjhtJ xd;iw kpFjpahf
mspj; J $Pth;fis mUs; epiyf;F tubthl;l hJ
ka';fr; bra;t J rf;jp. Mjhuk;
bgh w;wk;g k; fz;nlWk;nghJ ehd; fz; l

g[Jik vd; brhy; ntdo ? mk; kh
g[Jik vd; brhy; ntdo
M';fh';nf rj;j pfs; Mapuk; Mapukhf
te;jhh; fso ? mk;kh
Mapukhapukhf te;j hh;f so/
te;J kaf;f ka';fhky; mUs;
ty;ygk; bgw;nwdo ? mk;k h
ty;ygk; bgw;nwdo/
rj;jh;fs; kiwg;igj; jtph;j;jth;f;fpd;g k;

m j;jif bjUl;L k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (852)
rj;jpfs; bray; vd; why; rj; jh;fs; fhuzk;

rj;jpfspdhy; ka';Fk;g or; bra;a vJ fhuznkh me; jr;
rj;jh; fs; jUk; kiwg;iga[k; jtph;j ;j th;fl;F ,d;gk; xd;W
nruf; fpl;L khW bra;a[k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
gilf;F k; jiyth;fs; gw;gy nfhoia

milg;g [wg; gilf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (854)
kdpjh; fspy; jtk; bra;J Kjy; epiy mDgtj;i jg;

bgw;W f; bfhz; lth;f ;Fg; gpUk;kh vd; W bgah;/ mth;fs;
Ma[s; 4.32.000 Mz;Lfs;/ ,th;f s; rpUl;oj; bjhHpy;
bra;a[k; Mw;wy; bgw; wth;f s;/ ,t;thW cs;sth; fs;
vz;zpf;ifapy; gy nfho/
261
rpUl; oj; bjhHpiy elj; Jfpd;w gy nfho

gpUk;khf;fis xd;W nrur; rpUl; of;Fk; mUl;bgU"; n$hjp/
fhf;F k; jiyth;fs; fzf;fpy; gy;nfhoia

Mf;F wf; fhf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (856)
,uz;lhtJ mDgt epiyiag; bgw;W 8.64.000

Mz;Lfs; thHf; Toa epiy bgw; w ehuzh;fs; fhf;Fk;
bjhHpiy Mw;W gth;fs;/ ,g;gog;gl;l ehuzh; fs; nfhof;
fzf;fhf cs; sdh;/ mth;fs; rpwg;g[w mUl;bgU"; n$hjp
Mz;ltnu fhj;jUs;fpd;wPn u/
mlf;F k; jiyth;fs; mstpyh; jk;ika[k;

mlh;g ;g w mlf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (858)
K:d;whtJ mDgtj;ijg; bgw; wth;f s; Uj;jpuh;fs;/

12.96.000 Mz;L fs; thGk; epiy bgw;wth;f s;/ Fw;w';fs;
kpfhJ mtw;i w mlf;Fk; bjhHpy; elj;Jk; mstw;w
jiyth;f is mlf;F k; mUl; bgU"; n$hjp/
Fwpg;g[ /; gilj;jy;. fhj;jy;. mHpj;jy; vd;W Kj;bjhHpiy
Kd;ndhh; Fwpj;jdh;/ mjpy; K:d; whtJ bjhHpy;
mHpj; jy;/ K:d; whtJ bjhHpiy mHpj;jy;
vd;dhJ mlf;Fjy; vd;W Twpa[s;s J fUiz
cs;sk;/
K:d;whtJ bjhHpiyj; JhpR ePf; Ftpj;jy; vd;W
TWtJk; ftdpf;f j;jf;fJ/
kiwf;F k; jiyth;fs; tif gy nfhoia

mwj;bjhL kiwf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (860)
gilj;jy; Kjy; cs;s Ie;bjhHpy; f spy; ehd; fhtJ

kiwj;j y; bjhHpyhFk; ,ij elj;Jk; ty;ygk; bgw; w kdpj
njfpfis knfRuh; vd;gh;/ 17.28.000 Mz;Lfs;tiu thHf;
Toath;fs;/ kiwj;jy; bjhHpy; elj;Jk; nfhof;fzf;fhd
262
knfRuh; nghd;nwhiu mwtHp epd;W kiwf;Fk;

mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
Fwpg;g[ /; kiwj;j y; vd;gijg; gf;Ftk; tUtpj;jy; vd;W
Twpa[s; sij nehf;Ff/
bjUl;L k; jiyth;fs; nrh;g y nfhoia
mUl;owk; bjUl;L k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (862)
mUsy; vd;gJ Ie;j htJ bjhHpy; ,ijr; bra;nthh;

rjhrpth; vdg;gLth;/ ,tuJ Ma[s; fhyk; 43.20.000
Mz;Lfs;/ bjUl;Lk; bjhHpy; elj; Jk; nfhof;f zf;f hd
rjhrpt mDgtk; bgw;nwhiu mUs;Th;e;J bjUl;Lk;
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
Fwpg;g[ /; mUsy; bjhHpy; tpsf;fk; bra;t pj;j y; vd ek;
bgUkhdhh; TWfpd;w hh;/
Ie;bjhHpy; Mjp bra; Ituhjpfis
Ie;bjhHpy; Mjp bra; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (864)
gilj;jy;. fhj; jy;. JhpR ePf ;Ftpj;jy;. gf;Ftk;

tUtpj;j y;. tpsf;fk; bra;tpj;jy; Mfpa Ie;J bjhHpy;fis
,aw;W k; Ith; fisg; gilj;Jf; fhj; J. JhpR ePf;Ftpj;J
gf;Ftk; tUtpj;J tpsf;fk; bra;tpf;F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp/
,we;jth; vy;yhk; vGe;jpl cyfpy;

mwe;jiy mspj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (866)
jUkk; vd;w brhy; njhd;w hJ nghapUe;jhy; Mjutw;w

ViHfs; ,we;J nghapUg;gh;/ ,we;j th;fs; vGe;J tUk;go
,e;j cyfpy; jUkj; ijj; jiyahdjhf;fpa
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
brj;jth; vy;yhk; rphpj;jh';bfGjpwy;

mj;jif fhl;oa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (868)
ve;j cz; ikiaa[k ; mwpahJ eilg; gpzkhf

thH;nthnu brj;jth; vdg;gLfpd;w dh;/ mg;gog;gl; lth;f s;
263
cz;ikiag; gpwh; K:y khf czh;e ;J bfhs;Sk;nghJ bgU

kfpH;tilth;/ bgUepiy mila Kaw;rp bra;th;/
,e;epiyjhd; rphpj; jh'; bfGjpwy; vdg;gl;lJ/ eilg;
gpzkhf thH;nthh; cz;ik czh;e ;J kfpH;nthL ey;thH;t [
bgWkhW ey; tHp fhl;oa mUl;bgU";n $hjp/
,we;jth; vGf btd;W vz;zpah';bfGg;g pl

mwe;J iz vdf;fUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (870)
,we;jth;fis vH ntz;Lk; vd;W vz;zpa

khj;jpuj;j py; mth;fis vHr; bra;a[k ; Mw;w iy vdf;f Us;
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
Fwpg;g[ /; ,we;jhiubay;yhk; vGg;g[jy; ty;n yd; vd;W
jhd; bgw;w Mw;w iyg; bgUkhdhh; tpsf;fpa[s ;shh;/
brj;jth; vGbfdr; brg;g pah'; bfGg;g pl

mj;jpwy; vdf;fUs; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (872)
brj;jth;fis vGf vdr; brhd;d t[ld; mf;fznk

mth;fis vGg;gf;Toa mUs; Mw; w iy mUl;bgU";n $hjp
Mz;ltnu vdf;F mUs;tP uhf/
(cyfpaypy; K:H; fpf; fplf;F k; rhjhuz kf;fSf;F
"hdj;i j mspg;gnjahFk;)
rpj;bjyhk; ty;y jpwy; mspj;bjdf;nf

mj;jd; vd;nwh';F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (874)
rpj;Jf;fs; vy;yhtw;iwa[k; ,aw;w ty;y Mw;w iy

vdf;fspj;J vd; jdf; nf ,iwtd; vd X';Fk;.
mUl; bgU";n $hjp//
xd;wJ ,uz;lJ xd;wpdpy; ,uz;lJ

xd;wpDs; xd;wJ xd;bwDk; xd;nw (876)
vy;yhtw;iwa[ k; jd;Ds; bfhz;L tpLtjhy; ,Ug;g J

,iwtd; xd;nw/ ehd; eP vdj; (Jitjkhf) ,uz;lhft[k;
264
tps';FtJ/ ,uz;ow;Fk; bghJthd tprpc&;l hj;itjg;

bghUSk; mJnt/ ,e;j K:d ;W epiyfspYk; xd; wpDs;
xd;whf ,Ug;gJk; me;j xd;W vDk; xU guk; bghUns/
(my;yJ)
xd;nw vd;W TWk;go tps';Fk; guk;bghUshdJ
Mzhf tps';FtJ/ mJ Mz; bgz; vd ,uz;l hft[k ;
tps';FtJ/ ,uz;Lk; jdpj; jdpahf ,y;yhky; xd; wpnyna
,uz;lhf (mh;j ;jehhp nghy;) tps';F tJ/ mJ xd;wpdpy;
xd;whfnt tps';FtJ/ mJ xd;W vd;gjhfpa xnu xU
guk;bghUns/
(my;yJ)
xd;W = cUtkha; tps';FtJ
mJ ,uz;L = mJ mUtkha; tps';F tJ
mJ xd;wpdpy; ,uz;L = mJ cUtUtha; tps';FtJ
mJ xd;wpDs; xd;W = mJ cUtpy; cUtha; mUtpDs;
mUtha; tps';FtJ
xd;W vd;W TWk;go tps';Fk; xd;whd guk;bghUs;
vy;nyhh;f;F k; xd;nw/
xd;wy ,uz;ly xd;wpdpy; ,uz;ly

xd;wpDs; xd;
xd;wy xd;bwDk; xd;nw (878)
,iwtd; xd;whd Mzy;y/ ,uz;lhf tps';Fk; Mz;

bgz;zy; y/ xd; whfnt tps';F k; MQqk; bgz;Qqky;y.
xd;W f;Fs; xd;wha; ,Ug;gJky;y/ vy; yhtw;wpDf;Fk; nkyha;
xd;bwd tps';Fk; me;j xd; nw ,iwtd;/ mJ ,Jbtdr;
Rl;lbthz;zhJ/
(my;yJ)
Kd; thpapy; TwpathW
xd;W my = cUtk; my;y
,uz;L my = mUtKk; my; y
xd;wpdpy; ,uz; ly = cUtUtKk; my; y
265
xd;wpDs; xd;wy = xd; wpDs; xd; wha; ,ize;jpUg;gJk;

my;y
xd;wpdpy; xd;W s xd;wpdpy; xd;wpy

xd;ww xd;wpa xd;bwDk; xd;nw (880)
kdk; miygha;jiy tpl;L xd;Wgl; lhy; me;j

xd;whfpa ,iw mDgtk; Vw;gLk;/ Mjhuk; /;
mw'; fhjy; bra; njid Mz;L bfhz; o';nf

mUl; bgU";n $hjpaha; MLk; mHfh;
cw';fhj tz; zk; rpw; wk;gyk;gho
cjpf;f pd;w xz; ikapy; Jjpf;f pd;w nghJ
g[w';fhjy; bra;thh; nghy; bra;ahnj bgz;nz
bghw;fk;gnkwpid brhh; f;fk';fg;ghy;
,w';fhnj vd;fpd;whh; vd;do mk;kh
vd;if gpof; fpd; whh; vd;d oak;k h/
(jpUtUl;g h 5672)
kdk; xd;W jy; Vw;gltpy;i yahdhy; ,iw mDgtKk; (Vw;gl

tha;g;ng) ,y;iy/
$Ptd; xd;W ,iwtd; xd;W vd;w epiy khwp me;j
xd;W vd;w brhy; mw mj; itj mDgtj; jpy; $PtDk;
,iwtDk; xd;n w vd tps';Ftjhfpa xd;bwDk; xd;nw/
fs';fk; ePj;J cyfk; fspg;g [w bka;bewp

tps';f vd;D s;ns tps';F bka;g ;bghUns (882)
ek;kplj;jpYs;s Fiwfns ekf;Ff; fs';fk;/ vy;y hf;

Fiwfisa[ k; jtph; j;J cyf kf;f s; vy;y hUk; kfpH;t[l d;
thH cz;ik bewp tps';Fk; bghUl;lha; vd;D s;ns tps';Fk;
cz;ikg; bghUns/
266
K:t pU epiyapd; KoeL Konky;

Xtw tps';F k; xUik bka;g ; bghUns (884)
K:yhjhuk;. Rthjpc;&lhdk;. kzpg{ufk;. mehfjk;.

tpRj;jp. Mf;" h vd; w MW mDgt epiyfspd; bghJthd
Kotpw;F nky; rj; jkpd;wp mjhtJ kfh bksdj;jpy; xUik
tps';f tps';F k; cz;ikg; bghUns/
vGepiy kpirna ,d;g [Uthfp

tGepiy ePf;fp ta';F bka;g ;bghUns (886)
Md;k jhprdk;. mUs; jhprdk;. giu jhprdk;.

giunahfk;. giunahf ePf; fk;. nghj xHpt[. ,d;gg;ngW Mfpa
VG epiyfspd; mDgtj;j pny md;g[Utk; mUSUtk;.
,d;g[Utk; Mfpa K:t[Utpy; Koghdjhfpa ,d;g[Utk;
mile; J Fw; wk; vd;w epiy eP';f p jtWfpd;w epiya[k ;
ePf;fp tps';Fk; cz;i kahd bghUns/
etepiy kpirna eLt[W eLnt

rpt kakhfpj; jpfH;e;j bka;g ; bghUns (888)
tpe;J. ehjk;. gutpe;J. guehjk;. jpf;fpuhe;j k;.

mjpf; fpuhe;jk;. rk;n ksdk;. Rj;j k;. mjPj k; vd;W
brhy;yg;gl;l xd;g J epiyfspy; mjPj epiy eLnt
milaf; Toajha;. bghJnehf;fk; cilnahh; fl;F xspaha;.
v';Fk; epiwe;Js; sjha; vy;yhk; ty;yJtha; tps';F k;
cz;ikg; bghUns/
Fwpg;g[ /; bghJ vd;gjw;F "hd g{uzhfhak; vd;w

rpw;riga[k; bghUe;Jk;/ eLt[W eLnt vd;gJ
rpw;rigapy; milag;gLk; mDgtnk vd;gJk;
rhyg; bghUe;J k;/
267
Vfhjr epiy ahj jpdLnt

Vfhjd kpir apUe;j bka;g ;bghUns (890)
1/ kaf;fk;. 2/ Iak;. 3/ fhkk;. 4/ Fnuhjk;.

5/ J}y njfg;gw;W (,fnyhf ,r; ir). 7/ Mztk;.
8/ mHw; rp. 9/ mtpj;ij (m"; " hdk;). 10/ cyfhrhu
rkahr;r hu r';fw;g tpfw;g';fs; Mfpa gj;ija[k ; fle;J
gjpndhuhk; epiyahfpa gw; ww;w epiy vJnth mjd; eLnt
,Ug;gjha[k ; miljw;fhpa bgUk; bghUspd; eLnt
tPw;wpUf;Fk; cz; ikg; bghUns/
jpiunahjr epiy rpt btsp eLnt

tiunah jU Rf thH;f;if bka;g ;bghUns (892)
g{j epiy. fuz epiy. gpufpUjp epiy. nkhfpdp

epiy. mRj;j khah epiy. mRj;j kfh khah epiy. Rj;j
khah epiy. Rj;j kfh khah epiy. rh;t kfh khah epiy.
Fz;lyp epiy. gpuzt epiy. ghpf; fpuR epiy. jpUtUs;
epiy Mfpa gjpd; K:d;W epiyfspy; mjPjkha; tps';Fk;
jpUtUs; epiyahfpa rpt btsp eLnt vy;iyaw;w Rf
thH;it mspf;fty; y cz;ikg; bghUns/
<buz;z piybad ,ak;g [k; nky; epiyapy;

g{uz Rfkha;g ; bghUe;J bka;g ;bghUns (894)
<buz;z piy /; gjpdhW epiy
rhpiaapy; rhpia. rhpiaapy; fphpia. rhpiaapy; nahfk;.

rhpiaapy; "hdk;. fphpiaapy; rhpia. fphpiaapy; fphpia.
fphpiaapy; nahfk; fphpiaapy; "hdk; . nahfj;jpy; rhpia.
nahfj;j py; fphpia. nahfj; jpy; nahfk;. nahfj;jpy; "hdk;.
"hdj;j py; rhpia. "hdj;j py; fphpia. "hdj; jpy; nahfk;.
"hdj;j py; "hdk; Mfpa gjpdhW epiyfl;Fk; nkyhd
epiyapy; Fiwtw;w g{uz Rfe; jUtjha;g; bghUe;jp
tps';Fk; cz; ikg; bghUns/
268
(Mjhuk; /; ed;dhY'; fle; nj xsph; "hd rghgjpna vDk;

ghl;ilf; ftdpf;f)
vy;yh epiyfSk; ,ire;jh';fh';nf

vy;yhkhfp ,y';F bka;g ;bghUns (896)
vy;yh mDgt epiyfl;Fk; ntWglhjjha; cl;gl;ljhfp

mt;tt;tDgt'; fs; vy;y hkhfp tps';Ffpd;w cz;ikg;
bghUns/
kdhjpfs; bghUe;jh thdL thdha;

mdhjp cz;ikajha; mkh;e;j bka;g ;bghUns (898)
kdk;. g[j ;jp. rpj;j k; mf'; fhuk; vDk; fUtpfs; fle;J

czu khl;lhjha; cs;s xU btsp eLnt tps';F k; btspaha;
Muk;gk; vd;gJk; Kot[ vd;gJk; ,y;yhj cz;ik
cilajha; tps';Fk; cz;i kg; bghUns/
jhbdhU jhdha;j; jhnd jhdha;

Cd; caph; tpsf;F k; xU jdpg; bghUns (900)
jhnd jdf;F epfuha;j ; jhd; ve;j f; fyg;g [kpd;wpj;

J}a;ika[ ila xd;wha; j; Jy';Ftjha; clk;iga[k ; capiua[k;
vd;W k; epiybgwr; bra;tjha; tps';Fk; <L ,izaw;w
xg;gw;w bghUns/
mJtpdpy; mJtha; mJnt mJtha;g ;

bghJtpdpy; eof;F k; g{uzg; bghUns (902)
mJ vdf; Twg;gLk; $lg; bghUspny mnj

$lg;bghUsha;. (mtdha; mtsha; kl; Lkpd;wp) mJ vd;gJ
vg;bghUnsh mg;bghUns jhdha; "hd g{uz MfhabkDk;
g[Utkj;j pahfpa rpw;rigapny MLfpd;w Fiwtpy;yhj
g{uzg;bghUns/
269
,ay;g pDs; ,ay;gha; ,ay;ng ,ay;g ha;

caYw tps';F k; xU jdpg; bghUns (904)
xt;bthU bghUSf;Fk; Xh; ,ay;g[ cz;L ?

cjhuzkhf ePh; Fsph;e;Jk; nkl;o ypUe; J gs;sj;ij nehf;fpg;
gha[k; ,ay;g[ bfhz;l J/ beUg;ngh RLk; jd;ika[k; fPH pUe; J
nky; nehf;Fk; ,ay;g[k; cilaJ/ ,t;thW xt;bthU
bghUspd; ,ay;g[ vJnth mjDs; mjd; ,ay;gha; me;j
,ay;ng jhdha[ k; khwhJ tps'; f itj; j xg;gw;w bghUns/
mUtpDs; mUtha; mUtU mUtha;

cUtpDs; tps';F k; xU guk;bghUns (906)
,ay;g[ vd;W Kd;t hpapy; Twg;gl; lJ mUt epiy/

mUtk; vd;g J cUtkw;w J/ cjhuzkhf Rit cUtkw;w J/
Mfhak; mUtk;/ ,t;t hW mUtkhf tps';Fk; bghUspDs;ns
jhDk; mUtkha[k; me; j mUtk; Mfpa cUtkw;w bghUs;
jhnd Mfpa[k ; ve;j cUtj;j pDs; Sk; jhd; jdpj;Jj;
njhd;W jypy;y hjthW mUtkha; tps';Fk; xU nkyhd
bghUns/
myfpyhr;
myfpyh r; rpj;jha; mJ epiy mJtha;
cybfyhk; tps';Fk; xU jdpg; bghUns (908)
mstw;w rpj;Jf; fs; cilajha; mjd; jd;ik vd;Wk;

khWglhJ mJthfnt ,Ug;gjha; cyf KGtjpYk;
tps';Ffpd;w Xh; xg;gw;w bghUns/
(Fwpg;g[ /; thdpny N:h pad; re;j pud; Kjy; g{kpapy; jhtuk;
Kjy; kdpjd; tiu njhw;wk; ? ,af;fk; ?
g{kpapd; RHw;rp vy;y hk; ,iwtDila mstw;w
rpj;Jf;fspd; milahsk;) myF = mst[/
270
bghUspDs; bghUsha;g ; bghUsJ bghUsha;

xUikapd; tps';F k; xUjdpg;bghUns (910)
ehk; fhQqk; ve;jg; bghUshdhYk; mjDs; cs;s xU

bghUsha;. bghUs; vd;gJ vJnth mg;bghUns jhdha;g ;
gphpt[ mjhtJ ,uz;bld;gjw;w epiyapy; tps';Fk; Xh;
,izaw;w bghUns/
MLW rpj;jpfs; mWgj;J ehd;bfG

nfhoa[k; tps';ff; Fyt[ bka;g ;bghUns (912)
rpj;Jf;fis tifg;gLj;jpf; fzf; fpl;Lg; bghpnahh;

tiuaiw bra;J ghh;j ;jjpy; mJ mWE}w;W ehw;gj;njG
nfhoaha; epd; wJ/ mt;tst[ rpj; Jf;f Sk; tps';f mtw; wpny
,ize;J tps';Fk; cz;i kg; bghUns/
Tl;L W rpj;jpfs; nfho gy; nfhoa[k;

Ml;L w tps';F k; mUk;bgUk;bghUns (914)
mWE}w;W ehw;gj;n jG nfhor; rpj;J f;fSf;F nkYk;

miljw;Fhpa rpj;jpfs; nfhof;fzf;fhf. gy nfhof;
fzf;fhf bray;ghl;oy; tps';F k; mhpa bghpa bghUns/
mwpt[W rpj;jpfs; mde;j nfhofSk;

gpwptw tpsf;F k; bgUe; jdpg; bghUns (916)
kdk; Kjyha fuz';f s; eP';f p mwpthDgtj;jpny

mwpfpd;w rpj;jpfs; gy nfhof; fzf; fpy; ,Ug;gpDk; vd;Wk;
gphptw;W mt;tst[ k; jd;Dns bfhz;L tps';Fk; bghpa
xg;gw;w bghUns/
tPL fs; vy;yhk; tpjp bewp tps';f

Mly; bra;jUSk; mUk;bgUk; bghUns (918)
tPL = nkhl; rk;. brhh;f;f k; = ,d;gk;/
271
nkhl;r k; vd;W Twg;gLtJ bjhl';fp midj;J

mDgt ,d;g';fSk; mtuth; iff; bfhz;L xGFk;
bewpKiwf; nfw;g mst[ bra;J mJ khwhJ tps';FkhW
Ml;o itf;Fk; mUshw; wy; cila mhpa bghpa bghUns/
Fwpg;g[ /; gaph;g;g[W ? fuzg; ghpRfs; gw;gy
caph;j; jpus; xd;bwd ciuj;j bka;r ; rptnk
gw;W fs; vy;yhk; gjpbewp tps';f

cw;wUs; Mly; bra; xUjdpg; bghUns (920)
vy;yh MirfSk; ,iwtid miltpf;F k;

bewpapnyna epw;FkhW epWj;j p vjw;Fk; nkyhdjha; tps';Fk;
xg;gw;w xU jdpg; bghUns eP mUs; Mly; bra;thahf/
Fwpg;g[ /; cyfhirfis mwnt ePf; fp ,iwtid
miltpf;Fk; bewpapny kdk; gw;w ntz;Lk;/
gw;ww;w hd; gw;wpidna gw; wpaply; ntz; Lk;/
gw;W fbsy; yhk; gw;wwtpl;L mUsk; gyg;

gw;nw gw;W kpndh vd;Wk; ,wtPnu
,r;ir epd; nkyd;wp vdf; bfs; sst[k ; ntWbkhd;wpy;

,r;irapiy epd;d hiz vd;d Uik Iahnt
guj;jpdpw; gunk guj;jpd; nkw;gunk

guj;jpDs; gunk guk; guk; gunk (922)
cah;e;j bghUs; vJnth mjdpy; cah;e;j bghUns.

me;j cah;e ;j bghUSf;F nkyhd cah;e; j bghUns/
cah;e;j bghUspd; cs; ns tps';F k; cah;e;j bghUns/
nkd;ikahd bghUspd; nkd;i kaha; tps';F k; nkd;i kg;
bghUns/
,Uk;g[. brk;g[. gpj; jis. <ak;. bts;sp Mfpa
bghUl;f s; cs; sd vd;w hy; fpilj; j ,g; bghUl;f spy;
nkyhdJ bts;sp/ ,J guj;jpdpw;guk; ,e;j bts;spf;Fk;
nkyhd bghUs; j';fk;/ ,J guj; jpd; nkw;guk;/ me;j j;
272
j';fj; jpDs; nsa[k ; tps';FtJ guj; jpDs; guk;/ Mf

nkyhdjw;Fk; nkyhdJ ? mjw;F k; nkyhdJ ? mjDs;
tps';FtJ ? eLnta[k; btspnaa[k;. cs;nsa[k ; v';Fk; guk; ?
guk; ? gunk/
guk;bgWk; gunk guk; jUk; gunk

guk; gjk;gunk guk; rpjk;gunk (924)
nkyhd cah;e;j bewpa[ilnahh; milfpd;w nkd;ikahd

bghUns/
cah;it. nkd;ikia kl;Lk; jUfpd;w cah;e; j bghUns/
nkyhd gjj;i j (,lj;ij) mspf;fpd; w nkd; ikahd
bghUns/
vjw;Fk; nkyhdjhf tps';Fk; Mfhank ? tpz; nz ?
btspna/
rpjk;guk; ? Mfhaj; jyk;/
guk; g[fH; gunk guk; gfh; gunk

guk; Rf gunk guk; rpt gunk (926)
gz;gpYk;. mwptpYk;. gf;jpapYk; cah; e;njhh; g[fH;fpd;w
nkd;ikg; bghUns/
me; bewp epd;w cah;e ;njhh; ngrpf; fspf;fpd;w nkyhd
bghUns/
nghpd;g Rfk; mspf;Fk; bghpa bghUns/
nkyhd bghUns rptkhd nkd; ikahsnd/
gu';bfhs; rpw;gunk guk; bra;jw;gunk

ju';bfhs; bghw;gunk jdpg; bgUk;gunk (928)
cah; e;j bewp epd;nwhh; milfpd;w nkyhd rpw;rigg;
bghUns/
cah;e;j brayhy; jhnd cah;e; J epw;Fk; nkyhd
bghUns/
cah;e;j jFjpahd juk; cilnahh; milfpd;w
bghd;dk;gy thznd/
xg;gw;w bgUk;gjpahd cah;t[i lnahnd/
273
tuk; guh gunk tzk; guhgunk

guk; guhgunk gjk; guhgunk (930)
guk; vd;gJ rhj;jpu "hdk;

mguk; vd;gJ mDgt "hdk;
vt;t[apUk; mila ntz;oaJ rh!;jpu "hdKk; mDgt
"hdKnk MFk;/
,t;tpuz;L k; mHFilaJ/ ,t;tpuz;L "hd';fs;
kl;Lnk nkd; ika[i lad ? cah;e ;jd/
mila ntz;oa gjj;ij mspf;f ty; yJk; ,t;tpuz;L
"hd';f ns/
rj;jpa gjnk rj;J t gjnk

epj;jpa gjnk epw; Fz gjnk (932)
vd;W k; khwhJ tps';Fk; jpUtona/(gjk; = ghjk; = jpUto)

cz;ikg; bghUsha; vd;Wk; tps';F k; jpUtona/
epj;jpakha; vd;W k; mHpahJ tps';F k; jpUtona/
ve;jg; gw;W k; mw;w Fz'; fl;fg;g hw;gl; l jpUtona/
jj;J t gjnk jw;g j gjnk

rpj;J Wgjnk rpw; Rf gjnk (934)
gpuk;kh tpc;&Qq Uj;j pud; knfRud; rjhrptd; nghd;w

jj;Jt'; fsha; tps';Fk; gjk; jj;Jt gjk;/
jdf;Fj; jhdha; tps';Fk; jd;dpfuw;w gjk; jw;gj

gjk;/
vy;yhr; rpj; Jf;f isa[k ; elj;J tpf;Fk; gjk;

rpj;Jf;fis cw; w rpj;JW gjk;/
mwpt[ kakha; tps';Fk; J}a Rfe;jUk; gjnk

rpw;Rfgjk;/
274
jk;g uk; gjnk jdpr; Rfk;

Rfk; gjnk
mk;guk; gjnk mUl; guk; gjnk (936)
jd;id tpl cah;e;j J. nkyhdJ. ntbwhd;w py;y hjjhf

tps';Ftnj jk;g uk; gjk;/
xg;gw;w. <L ,izaw;w Rfj;ijj; jUtnj jdpr;
Rfk; gjk;/
mHfpa nkyhd gjnk mk; guk; gjk;/
mUns epiwe;j nkd; ika[i la gjnk mUl;guk;gjk;/
je;jpu gjnk re;jpu gjnk

ke;jpu gjnk ke;jz gjnk (938)
cstpdhy; kl;L nk mwpaf; ToaJ je; jpu gjk;/

btk;ik bra;ahj Fsph;e; j jz;zKjk; mspf;Fk; gjnk
re;jpu gjk;/
epiwbkhHp khe; jh; ciu bfhz;l gjnk ke;j pu gjk;/
kiw bghUsha; ,ufrpakha; cs;s gjnk ke;j z gjk;/
Fwpg;g[ /; ke;jpuk; vd;gJ rpt. rpt. ekrpta rutzgt
vd;gJ nghd; w epiwbkhHp khe;j h; brhy;/ ek;
bgUkhdhh; je;jnjh kfh ke;jpuk;/
Ie;bjd. vl;bld. Mbwd. ehd;bfd Ke;JW kiw
Kiw bkhHpa[ k; ke;jpunk/
ete;jU gjnk ele;jU gjnk

rpte;jU gjnk rpt rpt gjnk (940)
g[jpanjhh; epiyia mspf;fpd;w gjk;/ (kuzkpyhg; bgU

thH;t[)
rpw;rigapYk;. bghw;rigapYk;. bts;bshspa[ k ;
bghd;bdhspa[ '; fhl;o "hd rigapy; cs;bshspapd;
miritj; jUfpd; w gjk;/
275
v';Fk; epiwfpd;w ty;ygKk;. vy; yhk; bra;a ty;y

Mw;wYk;. mKjj;i ja[k; mspf;f ty;y nj rpte;jU gjk;/
rptj;ij mspf;f pd;w Jk; rpt gjnk/
gpukbka;f; fjpna gpuk bka;g ; gjpna

gpuk eph;f; Fznk gpuk rpw;F znk (942)
gpukk; vd;gJ ehjk;/ ;
ehj mDgtj;j pd; cz;i k mDgt epiyna/

ehj mDgtj;jpy; fhQqk; cz;i kg; guk; bghUns/
ehj mDgtj;jpy; njhd;Wk; epuhira[ i la epiyna/
ehj mDgtj;jpy; tps';Fk; ey;ywpthk; bgU'; Fznk/
Mjhuk;/ ; ehjkhk; gpukKk; (mfty; thp 600)
gpuknk gpukg; bgU epiy kpira[W k;

guknk guk gje;jUk; rptnk (944)
gpuk;kk; vd;gJ ehjk;/ gpUk;kg; bgUepiy vd;gJ

ehjj;j pd; bgUepiy mjhtJ guehj epiy/ mg;guehj
ep[iy eLnt njhd;Wk; ngbuhspna gukk; MFk;/
mg;ngbuhspapd; gf;Ftepiy mKjk; cz;Qqk;
rpthDgtj;i jj; jUk;/ mg;go mspf;fpd;w rptnk/
guehjj; nj ngbuhsp njhd;Wk; vd;gjw; F Mjhuk; /;
<w; wwpnad; ,Ue;j pUe; jp'; fjprapg;gbjd; eP

vd;fpd;wha; ePj hd; vidtpl;nlFbjhWk; ehd; jhd;
fhw;wwpahj; jPgk; nghy; ,Ue;jpLk; mj; jUzj; nj
fz;l ghpbrd; g[fy;ntd; mz;l gfpuz; lk;
njhd;w paJ M';fjdLnt njhd; wpaJ xd;wJ jhd;
khw;wwpahg; bghd;b dhspnah mt;bthspf; Fs;
MLk; ts; syUbshspnah <jjprapf;Fk; tifna
(jpUtUl; ;gh 5767)
276
rpt epiyapy; mKjk; fpilf;Fk; vd;g jw;F Mjhuk;/;

etepiy jUk; Xh; ey; y bjs;sKnj
rpt epiy jdpny jpuz;l cs;sKnj (mfty; thp 1282)
ehjk;j hd; gpukk; vd;gjw;F Mjhuk;/ ;
ehjkhk; gpukKk; ehj mz; l';fSk;
Mjuk; tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (mfty; thp 600)
mtndhL mtsha; mJtha; mytha;

et kh epiy kpir ez;zpa rptnk (946)
,iwtd; Mzh. bgz;zh. mJth my;y J ,it

xd;W k; my;yhjjh g[wj;jpny vt;thwhapDk; mf
mDgtj;jpny xd;gjhk; mDgt epiyapny milag;
bgWfpd;w rptnk/
(et epiy tpsf;fk; mfty; thp 888 fhz;f)
vk;bghUshfp vkf;fUs; g[hpa[k;

brk;bghUshfpa rptnk rptnk (948)
v';fsJ mDgtj;jpw;F cl;gl;l v'; fsJ bghUshfp

epd;W v';f l;F mUs; g[hpfpd; w brk;ikahd bghUshfpa
rptnk rptnk/
xU epiy ,Jnt cah;epiy vDk; xU

jpUepiy nktpa rptnk rptnk (950)
bka;. tha;. fz;. K:f;F. brtp Mfpa ,e;j phpa';fSk;.

kdk;. g[j ;jp. rpj;jk;. mf';fhuk; Mfpa fuz'; fSk;. ml';f p
mtw;iwf; fle; J mjd;n ky; njhd; Wfpd;w fhl; rpbayh';
fle;J mjd; gpwF fhzhJ fle;J tps';Fk; xU epiy
vd;w mDgt epiy ? ,Jnt cah;e;j epiy vd;W
czh;fpd;w xU jpUepiyapy; milfpd; w rptnk rptnk/
jpU epiy vd;gJ Kfj;jpny cs;s ,U fz;fSf;Fk;
bew;wpf; fz;zpw;Fk; ,ilg;g l;l ,lnkahFk;/
277
(mfty; thp 28d; tpsf; fk; fhz; f)
bka;itj; jHpah btW btsp eLt[W

bja;tg; gjpahk; rptnk rptnk (952)
njfj;i jg; bghd;nghyg; ghJfhj; J mHpahky; mKjk;

cz;L epiyf;f itj;J fuz';fs; fle; j btW btsp
vDk; kh kht[d epiy njhd;W ';fhy; mjd; eLnt
bja;tkha;g ; gjpaha; tps';Ffpd;w rptnk rptnk/
clk;ig tsh; j;njd; caph; tsh;j; njd; vd; fpwJ
jpUke;jpuk;/ rpw;rigapy; cz;fpd;w mKjkhdJ ,wth
epiyapy; kdpjiu itf;F k; vd;gjw;F Mjhuk;/
fs;Sz;lhbsdg; g[ fd;w hh; fdf rig eLnt

fz;lJz;L rpw;rigapy; cz;lJ Kz; lo ehd;
vs;Sz;l gy tplaj;J ,wf;F k; fs; md;nw
vd;W k; ,wth epiyapy; ,Uj;J k; fs; cyfh;
cs;Sz;l nghJ kaf;Fw; wpLk; fs; mynt
cs;s kaf;fidj; jpida[k; xHpj;jpLk; fs; kltha;
mwpt[ jUk; mth;f;Fk; ,';nf ahDz;l fs;ns
(jputUl;g h 5725)
g[iu jtph;j;bjdf;nf bghd; Ko N:l;or;

rpuKw ehl;oa rptnk rptnk (954)
kdjpy; vGk; Mirfis tsh;j ; jhy;. cs; nsna

tsh;e;J. mij epiwntw; wpf; bfhs;tjw;F vd; bdd; d
bra;ayhk; vd;w vz;z'; fs; tsh;e; J bfhz;n l tUk;/
Kothfg; gy jPi kfs; tpisa VJthfpd;wJ/ vdnt mit
kdjpy; Xoa g[iu vdg;gl;lJ/ mf';f hukhfpa kjKk;
nkhfKnk kdjpd; g[iuahFk;/ ,tw; iw ePf;fpg; bghw;rig
mDgtj;ij vdf;fspj;J vd;D ila rpurpw;Fs; nsna
,iwtid mila[k;gog; bghUe;j itj;j rptnk rptnk/
kdjpd; g[ iu kjKk; nkhfKk; vd;gjw; F Mjhuk; /;?
278
kjk; g[ iu nkhfKk; kw;wt[k ; M';fh'; F

mjk; bgw mlf;F k; mUl; bgU";n $hjp
(mfty; thp 795)
fy;t pa[k; rhfhf; fy;t pa[k; mHpahr;

bry;tKk; mspj;j rptnk rptnk (956)
fy;tp vd;W milbkhHp VJkpd; wpf; Twg;gl;lJ

cyfpay; thH;t pw;F Vw;w. njitahd gog;ghFk;/
rhfhj; jiy. ntfhf; fhy;. nghfhg; g[ dy; vd;w K:d;W
bgUk; gphpt[fisf; bfhz;lJ rhfhf; fy;tp MFk;/
bghUl;b ry;tk; mHpe; J tpLk;/ mUl; bry;tnkh vd;Wk;
mHpahJ/
,itaidj; jpida[k; vdf;F mspj;j rptnk rptnk/
mUsKJ vdf;
vdf;nf mspj;jUs; bewptha;j;
bjUSw tsh;f;F k; rptnk rptnk (958)
rhfhky; thH itf;f pd;w ,iwtdpd; mUsKjj;ij

vdf;nf mspj;J cyfpaypd; rpW bewp bry;y bthl; lhJ
mUs; bewpahdJ vdf;F tha;f;F k; gor; bra;J cz; ik
epiy cz; ik mDgtk; ehdila vid tsh;f; fpd;w rptnk
rptnk/
mUsKjk; rhfhky; thH itf;Fk; vd; gjw;F Mjhuk;/ ;
rhfh mUsKjk; jhdUe; jp ehd; fspf;f

ehfhjpgh; N:H; eluhrh ? Vfh
gtnd gund guhgund v'; fs;
rptnd fjitj; jpw
(jpUtUl;gh 3834)
279
rj;bjyhkhfpa[k; jhbdhU jhdhk;

rpj;bjyhk; ty;ynjhh; jpUtUl; rptnk (960)
vy;yh cz;ikfSk; jhndahfpa[k ; jhd; xU epfuw;w

xd;wha; tps';Ftjha[k; vy;yhr; rpj;Jf;fSk; ty;y njhh;
jpUtUs; epiw rptnk/
v';nf fUiz ,aw;ifapy; cs;sd

m';nf tps';fpa mUl;bgU";rptnk (962)
grp. gpzp. jhfk;. ,r;i r. vspik. gak;. bfhiy

Mfpa ,t;ntG Jd;g ';fshy; $Pth;f s; tUe;Jthh;fs; vd;W
mwpe; jnghnj tpiue;J brd;W mtw;iw Koe;jtiu
ePf;Ftnj $PtfhUz;a k;/ Md;k ,aw;iff; Fzk; ,e;j
$PtfhUz;akhFk;/ fUiz. jat[. <uk;. ,uf;fk;. ghpt[.
ghrk; vd;gd ahhplj; jpy; ,aw; ifahfnt. Rghtkhfnt
tps';Ffpd;wnjh m'; nf md;d huJ cs;sj; jpny tps';fpa
mUs; epiwe;j cah;e ;jjhfpa rptnk/
ahnu vd;dpDk; ,u';F fpd;Ah;f;F r;

rPnu mspf;F k; rpjk;gu rptnk (964)
Jd;gg;gLnthh; ahuhapDk; $hjp. kjk;. rkak;. ,dk;.

bkhHp. Kjypa ve;j tpj khWghLk; fUjhJ kdk; ,u'; fp
cjt[fpd;whh;fnsh mth;fl;F mUs; thH;tspf;Fk; rpjk;gu
rptnk/
bgha;e; bewp midj;jpDk; g[F j;jhJ vidaUl;

bre;bewp brYj;jpa rpw;rigr; rptnk (966)
mHpe; J tplf; Toa bgha;ahd cyfbewp vjdpDk;

vidr; bry;ybthl;l hJ mUs; milaf; Toa brk; ikahd
mUs; bewpapy; brYj; jpa rpw;r igapy; thH; rptnk/
280
bfhy;yh bewpna FUtUs; bewp vdg;

gy;fhy; vdf;F g; gfh;e;j bka;r; rptnk (968)
ve;j $Ptida[ k; (jd; $Ptd; cl;gl) caph;t ij

bra;ahJ. mjhtJ ve; j $PtDf;Fk; ve;j tpjj; jP';F k;
bra;ahky; thH;fpd;w bewpna xU FUthdth; mUs;fpd;w
bewp vdg; gyKiw vdf;F tpsf; fpa bka;r; rptnk/
capbuyhk; bghJtpd; csk;g l nehf;F f

brapbuyhk; tpLbfdr; brg;g pa rptnk (970)
vy;yh $Ptd;fisa[k; mjhtJ <. vWk;g[ Kjy; ahid

tiu. Xuwpt[ Kjy; Mwwpt[ tiu cs;s midj;J
caph;fisa[k; ghugl;rkpd;w p cw;w hh;. cwtpdh;. mayhh; vd;w
ngjKkpd;wp vy;y htw;iwa[k; jd;Daph; nghynt vz;zp thH; f
vd;W k;. vf; fhuz'; bfhz;Lk; ve; j $Ptd; kP Jk; kdf;
fpnyrk; Jspa[k; bfhs;s ntz;lhk; vd;Wk; mt;thW VnjDk;
,Ue;j hy; me;j tapuj;ij (tpnuhjj;i j) tpl;L tpL vd;Wk;
nghjpj; j rptnk/
gaph;g ;g [W fuzg; ghpRfs; gw;g y

caph;j;jpus; xd;bwd ciuj;j bka;r; rptnk
rptnk (972)
kdpjh; fl;F kl;Lk; ,iwtdhy; jd; tpUg;gk; nghy
ele;J bfhs;s Xh; mw;g Rje; juk; mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/
kdk;. g[j; jp. rpj;jk;. mf';fhuk; Mfpa fUtpfisf;
bfhz;L kdpjd; bray;gLfpd;whd;/ mtd; bray;fspy; rpy
kw;wth; fl;F ed;i k gag;gdthft[k; rpy jPik gag;gdthft[ k ;
cs;sd/ ed;i k jUk; bray;f s; vy;yhk; g[z;z paf;
fhhpa'; fs; vdt[k;. jPi kfs; my;yJ Jd;gk; tpistpf;Fk;
bray;fs; vy; yhk; ght fhhpa';fs; vdt[k; tFj;Js; sdh;/
mtuth; Mw; wf; Toa g[z; zpa ght';fl;n fw;gg; gyid
mDgtpf;Fk;go ,iwaUs; tFj; Js;s J/ cjhuzkhf Kd;
gpwtpapy; gpwh; grp fz;L ,uf;fkpd;wp cztspf;f
281
kWj;jth;f s; ,e; jg; gpwtpapy; cz;z cztpy;yhky; grpahy;

tUe;jpg; gpr;i r vLf;fpwhh;f s;/
Kd; b$d;k j;jpy; jhd jh;k k; bra;jth;fs; ,e;jg;
gpwtpapy; bry;te; jh;f shf Mde;jkhd thH;f;i f
thH;fpd;whh;fs;/
caph;f; Tl;lk; xd;w hdhYk; mtuth; fuz';fshfpa
kdk;. g[j; jp. rpj;jk;. mf';fhuk; Mfpait vt;thW
bray;gl; ldnth mitfl;F Vw;g mr; bray;fl;Fhpa ghprhf
,fnyhf thH;f;i f mspf;fgl;Ls;s J vd tpsf;fpaUspa
rptnk/
ey;tpid jPtpidfl; nfw;g ,iwtd; Ml;Ltpf; fpd; whd;
vd;gjw;F Mjhuk;/ ;
jPtpid ey;tpid vDk; td; fapw;why;

,e;j $Pth;f is Ml;Lfpd;w njnt ehnad;
Vtpid neh;f z; klthh; ikaw;ngahy;
,lUHe;Jk; rypg;gpd;wp vd; nd ,d;Dk;
ehapid vd;ghw; tUe;jpf; fuz;Lfpd;w
eha;f;F eif njhd;w epd;W eaf;fpd;n wd; ehd;
Mtpid tpl;L vUJ fwe;j pLthd; bry;Yk;
mwptpypf;Fk; mwptpypnad; Mdthnw
(jpUtUl;g h 2156)
capUs; ahk; vk;Ks; caph; ,it czh;e;nj

caph; eyk; gut[f vd;W iuj;j bka;r; rptnk (974)
vy;yh $Pth;f l;Fs;S k; ahd; ,Uf;fpnwd;/ mnj

neuj;j py; vdf;Fs; nsjhd; vy;y h $PtuhrpfSk; cs; sd/
,e;j cz; ikia czh;e;J gpw caph;fl;F ed;i kahd
bray;fisna bra;thahf vd;W Twpa rptnk/
Fwpg;g[ /; gpw caph; fl;F Vd; ed; ik bra;a ntz;Lk;
vd;why; me; j caphpy; ,iwtd; ,Ug;gjhy;
282
vd;fpwhh;/ mjdhy;jhd; gpw caph;fs; ghy;

fhl;Lk; ,uf;fnk bja;tj;jpw;F Mw;Wk;
bjhz;l hfpwJ/ vdnt $PtfhUz;a r; bray;f s;
midj; Jk; bja;t tHpghlhf ,iw bjhz;lhf
mikfpwJ/
,ay; mUs; xsp Xh; Vfnjrj;jpdhk;

capbuhsp fhz;f vd;W iuj;j bka;r; rptnk (976)
Kd; thpapy; caphpy; ,iwtd; ,Uf;fpd;whd; vd; wt[ld;

me;j capiuf; fhz Koa[kh vd;w tpdh vGe;jJ nghYk;
mjw;F ,';n f tpil jug;gLfpd; wJ/
caph; xsp totkhdJ/ ,iwtdpd; mUs; xspahdJ
Xh; mQqtst[ ehk; fpilf;fg; bgw;nwhnkahdhy; ek;khy;
capbuhspia mt;tUs; xspiaf; bfhz;L fhz Koa[ k; vd;W
mUspa bka;r ; rptnk/
Fwpg;g[ /; ciueilg; gFjpapy; ts;s yhh; Twpa[s; sJ
tUkhW
@ehd; Md;kh ? rpw; wQq totpdd; ?
nfho Nhpag; gpufhrk; cilaJ ?
,Ug;gplk; yyhl!;j hdk; ? fhy; g';F
bghd;ik Kf; fhy; g';F btz;ik fye;j epwk;/ @
capbuhsp fz;lth; ek; jpUtUl; gpufhrh; Mthh;/
mUsyhJ mQqt[k; mire;jplhjjdhy;

mUs; eyk; gut[f vd;wiwe;j bka;r; rptnk (978)
mUs; Jiz ,y;yhJ Xh; mQqitf;Tl mirf;f
,ayhJ/ ,e; epiyia czh; e;J mUis miltjw;F
vd;bdd;d ed;ikahd fhhpa'; fis Mw;w ,aYnkh
mtw;iw mwpe;J. mr; bray; fis kl;Lnk bra;J. mUs;
milthahf vd;W mUspa cz;ikr; rptnk/
283
mUSwpd; vy;yhk; MFk; <Jz;ik

mUSw KaYf vd;W mUspa rptnk (980)
,iwaUs; bgw;nwhh;f;F Mfhj fhhpak; xd;w py;i y/

,iwaUs; fpl;Lkhap;d ; epidj;j mj;j id fhhpa';fSk; if
TLk;/ ,J rj;jpakhd thh; j;ij/ ,jid mwpe;J mUs;
bgw Kaw; rp bra;thahf vd;W mUspa rptnk/
Fwpg;g[ /; vy;yhk; bray;TLk; vd; Miz

mk;gyj;nj vy;y hk; ty;yhd;whisnaj; J
ed; dhY'; fle;nj xsph; "hd rghgjpna

bghd;dhU"; rigaha; mUl;g{uzg[z ;zpand
vd;dhyht bjhd;Wk; cdf;fpy;iybadpDk; ve;jha;
cd;dhy; thGfpd;nwd; vdf;F cz; ik ciuj;j Uns
(jpUtUl;gh 4262)
mUs;bewp xd;nw bjUs; bewp kw;bwyhk;

,Us; bewp vd vdf;fpak;g pa rptnk/ (982)
bewp vd;gJ kdpjh;fs; filg;gpof;f ntz;oa

bfhs;i ffSk; xGf;f ';fSkhk;/ bewp gythf ,Ue;jhYk;
mUisg; bgw;W j;juf; Toa bewp vJnth mJnt
cz;ikahd bewpahFk;/ kw;w bewpfbsy;yhk; ,Us;
vdg;gLk; mwpahikapny bfhz;L nrh;f;Fk; vd;W vdf;Ff;
Twpa rptnk/
mUs; bgwpy;
bgwpy; JUk;g [nkhh; Ie;bjhHpy; g[hpa[k;
bjUspJ vdnt brg;g pa rptnk (984)
,iw mUis xU JUk;g[ bgw;WtpLnkahdhy;

gilj;jy; fhj;jy;. JhpR ePf;Ftpj;j y;. gf;Ftk; tUtpj;jy;.
tpsf;fk; bra;t pj;j y; Mfpa Ie;J bjhHpy; fisa[ k; me;jj;
284
JUk;gpdhy; bra;a Koa[k; vd;gnj cz;ik vdf; Twpa

rptnk/
mUswpt[ xd;nw mwpt[ kw;bwyhk;

kUswpt[ vd;nw tFj;j bka;r;rptnk (986)
mwpt[ vd;why; ,iw mUis mwpaf; ToaJk; mwpe; J

mjidg; bgwf; ToaJ kl;Lnk/ kw;w mwpbty; yhk;
bgha;ahd xd;iw cz;ikbadf; fhl;Lk; kUswpt[ vd;nw
tFj;j cz;ikr; rptnk/
Mjhuk; /; rhfhj fy;tpna fy;tp/. xd;nw rptk; jhd; vd

mwpe; j mwpnt jUkwpt[
mUl;Rfk; xd;nw mUk; bgwy; bgU";Rfk;

kUl;Rfk; gpw vd tFj;j bka;r; rptnk (988)
,iwaUisg; bgWtJ gpw caph;fl;F cWk;

Jd;g';f isg; nghf;Ftjw;nf MFk;/ mt;thW Jd;g';fs;
eP';fpa $Pth; fs; Mde;j k; milfpd;w nghJ mjidf; fz;L
Mde;jpg;gnj cz;ikahd RfkhFk; ? ,d;gkhFk;/ ,e;j r;
Rfk; xd;nw mUk;ghLgl;Lg; bgw; w bgU";RfkhFk;/
Mjhuk; /;
cyfpdpy; caph;fl;FWk; ,ila{bwyhk;

tpyf ePa ile; J tpyf;Ff kfpH;f
Rj;j rd;khh;f; f Rf epiy bgWf
cj;jkdhFf X';Ff vd;w id/
ehk; vz;Qqfpd;w kw;w Rf';fs; vy;yhk; bgha;ahd
xd;iw bka;ahf vz;Qqfpd;w kUl; Rfk; vd cWjpahf
tFj;j cz;ikr; rptnk/
285
mUl;ngh; mJnt mUk; bgww; bgUk;ngh;

,Ul;ngwWf;F k; vd;W ,ak;g pa rptnk (990)
ehk; mila ntz;oa bgUk; ngW mUs; xd;nw/

mJnt vspjpy; mila Koahj. bgWjw;F mhpa bgUk; ngW/
mJ xd;W jhd; mwpahik vd;w ,Uspy; nrutplhJ jLf;F k;
vd;W Twpa rptnk/
Jhpanky; gubtspapny Rfelk;g[ hpa[k ;

bghpanjhh; mUl; bgU";n $hjpiag; bgWjny vitf;Fk;
mhpa ngW kw;w it bayhk; vspant mwpkpd;
chpa ,k;bkhHp kiw bkhHp rj; jpak; cyfPh;
(jpUtUl;g h 5548)
mUs; jdp ty;ygk; mJnt vyhk; bra;

bghUs; jdpr; rpj;bjdg; g[fd;w bka;r; rptnk/
(992)
,iwtd; mUs; <L ,izaw; w Mw;wy; bfhz;lJ

MFk;/ me; j mUshy; Mfhj fhhpak; xd;w py;i y/
mjidf; bfhz;L vjida[k ; g[hpa Koa[k;/ rpj;Jf;fspny
xg;gw;w rpj; J ,e;j mUisf; bfhz; L Mf;ff; ToaJjhd;
vd;W Twpa cz; ikr; rptnk/
mUswpahh; jikawpahh; vk;ika[k;

bghUswpahh; vdg; g[fd;w bka;r; rptnk (994)
Md;kPf j; Jiwf;F tuhJ cyfpaypnyna K: H;fpf;

fz;lnj fhl;rp bfhz; lnj nfhybkdt[k; mUs; vd;w hy;
,d;dJ vd; nw mwpahJ thH;e; J bfhz;oUg;nghh;. jk;ika[k ;
ahh; vd;W mwpe;J bfhs;skhl;lhh;fs;. vk;ika[k ; ,iwtd;
vd;W k; jhkila ntz;oa bghUs;a hnk vd;Wk; mwpe;J
bfhs;s khl;lhh;fs; vd;W Twpa cz;i kr; rptnk/
286
mUs; epiy xd;nw midj;J k; bgW epiy

bghUs; epiy fhz;bfdg; g[fd;wbka;r; rptnk
(996)
mUs; epiy vJnth mJ xd;Wjhd; midj;i ja[k;

bgw;W j; juf; ToaJ/ mUs; epiy bgw;Wtpl; lhy;
midj; jpida[k; bgw;wjhFk;/ rptkhfpa bghUs; epiya[k ;
me;j mUs; epiyna/ mUs; epiyapnyna rptkhfpa bghUs;
epiy fhz;f vdf; Twpa cz;ikr; rptnk/
rptnk bghUbsd;W njw;wp vd;i dr;

rpt btspf; nfWk; rpfuj;jpnyw;w pr;
rptkhf; fpf; bfhz;lJ ghhPh ; ? jpUr;
rpw;wk;gyj; nj jpU el n$hjp
(jpUtUl;g h 4586)
rptnk bghUs; vd;W mwpthy; mwpe;njd;

(jpUtUl;g h 4958)
mUs; totJnt mHpahj; jdptot[

mUs; bgw KaYf vd;wUspa rptnk (998)
,e;jj; J}ynjfkhdJ ehk; bfhs;Sk;

xGf;fj;jpdhYk;. gf;jpapdhYk;. jtj;jpdhYk; Kj;n jf rpj;j p
bgwf; TLk;/ rhfhf; fyhDgt brhU:g rpj;jpj; njf';fs;
Rj;j njfk;. gpuzt njfk;. "hd njfk; vd;ghh;/ Rj;j
njfk; te;Jtpl;lhny njfj; jpw;F mHptpy;iy/ ,;k; Kj; njf
rpj;jpia mUs; cUtk;. md;g [Utk; . ,d;g[Utk; vd;Wk;
TWthh;/ mUs; cUtk; vd;gJ Rj;j njfk;/ ,e;j mUs;
totkhdJ vd;W k; vjdhYk; mHpf;f Koahj xg;gw;w
totkhFk;/ vdnt mj; njfj; ij miltjw;F hpa
,iwaUisg; bgw Kaw;r p bra;thahf vd;W mUspa rptnk/
287
mUns ek; ,ay; mUns ek; cU

mUns ek; toth
tothk;
k; vd;w rptnk (1000)
,u';fp mUs; jUjny vk; ,ay;g[ ? mUns ek;

njhw;w k;/ mUns ek; totk; vd;W Twpa rptnk/
Fwpg;g[ /; rptk; vd; w brhy;Yf;F ciu eilapny cs;s
bghUs; vJthapDk; ,e;j mftypny ek;
jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;s yhh; jUk; bghUs; rptnk
mUs; vd;gjhk;/ vd; ,ay;g[ ? vd; cU ? vd;
totk;/ vy; yhk; mUns vd;W rptnk Twpajhk;/
vdnt rptk; vd;gJ mUns ? mUs; vd;gJ
rptnk/
mUns ek; mo mUns ek; Ko

mUns ek; eLthk; vd;w rptnk (1002)
jd;Dila jpUg;ghj';f shf cs;s J mUns ?
xU bghUis mo. eL. Ko vd;w K: d;whfg; gphpj; jhy;

moa[k; mUns ? eLt[k; mUns ? Koa[k; mUns/ Mf
rptk; vd;gJ mUs; ? mUs;. mUns vdf; Twpa rptnk/
mUns ek; mwpt[ mUns ek; kdk;

mUns ek; Fzkhk; vd;w rptnk (1004)
mfj;j pny mwptha; ,Ug;gJk; kdkha; ,Ug;gJk;.

ek;Kila FzKk; mUns vd;W Twpa rptnk/
mUns ek; gjp mUns

m Uns ek; gjk;
mUns ek; ,lkhk; vd;w rptnk (1006)
ehk; ,Uf;F k; Ch; ? mUs; ehk; mspf;F k; fjp ?

mUs;/ ek;k plj; jpy; cs; sJk; mUns vd;W Twpa rptnk/
288
mUns ek; Jiz mUns ek; bjhHpy;

mUns ek; tpUg;ghk; vd;w rptnk (1008)
ekf;Fj; Jizaha; ,Ug;gJ mUs;/ ek; Kila

bjhHpYk; mUSjny/ ek;Kila tpUg;gk; vd;gJk; mUns
vd;W Twpa rptnk/
mUns ek; bghUs; mUns ek; xsp

mUns ehk; mwptha; vd;w rptnk (1010)
ek;kplk; cs;s bghUs; mUs;/ ek;Kila g[f H;g ;

gpufhrk; mUs;/ mUns ehk; vd;W eP bjhpe;J bfhs;thahf
vd;W Twpa rptnk/
mUns ek; Fyk; mUns ek; ,dk;

ek;Kila guk;giuahfpa Fyk; mUns ? ek;Kila

,dk; mUs;/ mUns ehk; mwpe; J bfhs;thahf vd;W Twpa
rptnk/
mUns ek; Rfk; mUns ek; bgah;

ehk; bgWk; ,d;gk;. Rfk; mUs;/ ek;Kila bgah;

mUs;/ ehk; mUns vd;W mwpe; Jbfhs;thahf vd;w rptnk/
mUs; xsp mile;jid mUsKJz;lid

mUs; kjp thH;f vd;wUspa rptnk/ (1016)
guehj epiy mDgtj;j py; ngbuhspahfpa mUs;

xspapid mile;Jtpl;lha;. rpw;r igapny rpwg;g[i lajhd kjp
289
kz;lyj;j Kija[k; cz;l ha;/ cd;D ila kjpapYk; mUs;

epiwe; Jtpl; lJ/ vdnt ePL thH; thahf vd;W ,ak;gpa
rptnk/
mUs; epiy bgw;wid mUs; tot[w;wid

mUs; muR ,aw;W f vd;W mUspa rptnk(1018)
mUs; epiyiag; bgw;Wtpl;lha;/ cd; g{j totKk;

mUs; totk; Mfg; bgw;wha;/ mUs; murhl; rp bra;thahf
vd;W Twpa rptnk/
cs;sfj; jkh;e;J vdJ aphpdpw; fye;jUs;

ts;sy; rpw;wk;g yk; tsh; rptgjpna (1020)
vJ ntz;o dhYk; ,y; iy vd;d hJ mUs;fpd;w

ts;syhf vdJ rpw;w k;gyj; jpy; ,l'; b fhz;L tsh;e;J vdJ
caphpy; fye;J epd;W tsh;fpd;w rptgjpna/
epfhpyh
epfhpyh ,d;g epiy eL itj;bjidj;
jfbthL fhf;Fk; jdpr; rptgjpna (1022)
<nlh ,iznah TwKoahj Mde;j epiyapy; vid

itj;J vdf;Fj; je;ijahfj; jhahf vy;y hkhf ,Ue;J
vd;idf; fhg;ghw;W fpd;w xg;gw;w rptgjpna/
Rj;j rd;khh;f;f Rf epiy jdpy; vidr;

rj;jpad; Mf;fpa jdpr; rptgjpna (1024)
,iwtd; mUs; bgw;W cyfj;jpny $Pth;fs; glf;

Toa Jd;g';f s; midj;jpida[ k; ePf;FtJ jhd;
cz;ikahd $Pt fhUz;ar; brayhFk;/ me; j $Pt h;fs;
Jd;gk; eP;' ;fp kfpH;tnjhlika[k;/ Jd;gk; eP';f pa $Pth;f s;
Jd;gk; eP';f p ,d;gkiltijg; ghh;j;J j; jhDk;
Mde;jkiltnj Rj;j rd;khh;f; f Rf epiy/ ,g;gog;gl; l
290
Rf epiyapny vd;i d vd;Wk; epj;jpa thH;t[ bgw;wtdhf

khw;wpa xg;gw; w rptgjpna/
Rj;j rd;khh;f; f Rf epiy/;
cyfpdpy; caph;fSf;F cWkpila{bwyhk;

tpyf. eP mile;J tpyf;F f kfpH;f
Rj;j rd;khh;f; f Rfepiy bgWf
cj;jkdhFf X';Ff vd;w id (mfty; 1592)
ItUk; fhz;lw;fUk; bgUk; bghUbsd;

iftug; g[hpe;j fjp rptgjpna (1026)
gpUk;kh. tpc&;Qq. Uj; ud;. knfRud;. rjhrptd; Mfpa

ItUnk fhzKoahj mhpa bghpa bghUis (rptj;ij) ehd;
mila[k ;gor; bra; j rptgjpna/
Jd;g k; bjhiyj;J mUl; n$hjpahy; epiwe;j

,d;g k; vdf;fUs; vHpw;rpt gjpna (1028)
gpwtpahfpa Jd;gj; ijj; bjhiyj; J mUs; xsp

bfhz;L Fiwtpyhj Mde; jj;i j mHfhd rptgjpna
vdf;f Us; g[ hpthahf.
rpj;jKk; thf;F k; bry;yhg; bgUepiy

xj;J w ntw;wpa xU rptgjpna (1030)
fuz';f spd; rpe;j idf;F k; brhy;Yf; Fk; vl;l hj xU

bgU epiy mDgtj; jpy; vd;D ld; ,ize;J ehd;
mDgtpf;Fk;go mk; nkdpiyf;F Vw;w pa xg;gw;w rptgjpna/
xj;j mDgtk; vJ>
291
jj; Jt kidj;J k; jdpj; jdp fle; njk;

jj;Jth jPj nkdpiyapy;
rpj;jpay; KGJk; bjhpe;j dk; mitnky;
rptepiy bjhpe;j plr; brd;nwk;
xj; j me;epiyf; fz; ahKk; vk; czh; t[k;

xU';Fwf; fiue;J nghapdk; vd;W
mj;jif czh;e; njhh; tGj;j epd;n wh'; Fk;
mUl; bgU";n $hjp vd; dunr
(jpUtUl;g h 4623)
ifawt[ midj;J k; foe;J vidj; njw;wp

itanky; itj;j kh rptgjpna (1032)
kdjpny njhd;W k; frg;ghd vz;z';f s;. mUtUg;g[ fs;.

Mrhghr';fs; Kjypa midj;jpida[ k; nghf;fp vd;idj;
jFjpa[ilatdhf; fp ,t;t [yfpy; cah; e; j epiyapy; thGk;go
itj;j cah;e; j rpt gjpna/
,d;g [wr; rpwpnad; vz;Q qnjhW vz;Q qnjhWk;

md;bghL vd; fz;QqWk; mUl;rpt gjpna (1034)
rpwpnadhfpa ehd; epidj; j nghJ epidj;j

nghbjy; yhk; Mde; jkila[k;go vd; kP J kpf; f md;g[bfhz;L
vd;id te;jilfpd;w mUs; epiwe;j rpt gjpna/
gpiHbayhk; bghWj;bjDs; gpw';fpa fUiz

kiHbayhk; bghHpe;J tsh; rpt gjpna (1036)
ehd; bra;j Fw; w';f s; midj;jpida[k; bghWj;J

vd;Ds; ns tps';FkhW fUizia kiHbadg; bghHpe; J
tsh;fpd;w rpt gjpna/
292
csj;jpDk; fz;z pQqk; caphpDk; vdJ

Fsj;jpDk; epuk;g pa FU rpt gjpna (1038)
vd; cs;sj;jpny epiwe; J tps'; Ffpd;wha;/ ehd;

ghh;f;Fk; ghh;itapbyy;y hk; ePna njhd;Wk;go vd; fz;f spy;
epiwe; Jtpl; lha;/ vd; caphpYk; ,Ug;g td; ePna/ vd;Dila
"hdj;j pd; ,Ug;gplkhfpa bew;wpapYk; epuk;gp vd;D ila
FUthf tps';Fk; rpt gjpna.
guKld; mguk; gfh; epiy ,it vdj;

jpuKw mUspa jpUtUl; FUnt (1040)
rh!;jpu "hdk;. mDgt "hdk; Mfpa ,uz;Lk;

TWfpd;w epiy ,itjhd; vd mtw;iw ehd; mwpe;J
mila[k ;go vdf;F mwptpj;J mUspa jpUtUs; FUnt/
guk; / rh!;jpu "hdk;

mguk; / mDgt "hdk;
kjpepiy. ,utpapd; tsh;epiy mdypd;

jpjp epiy midj;J k; bjhpj;j rw;F Unt(1042)
,lJ ehrpapy; tUk; Rthrj;i jr; re;j pu fiy vd;Wk;.

tyJ ehrpapy; tUk; Rthrj;i jr; N:hpa fiy vd;Wk;
TWthh;fs;/ ,lJ ehrpapy; kl;Lnk Rthrk; ele;jhy; rf;jp
mjpfk; tpuakhtjhy; Ma[s ; Fiwa[k; vd;Wk; tyJ ehrpapy;
ele;jhy; Ma[s; tpUj; jpahFk; vd;Wk; tpjpj;j pUf;fpwJ/
re;jpu fiyiaa[k;. Ma[s ; tsUk; N: hpa fiyiaa[k;.

ek; clk;g py; njhd;Wk; jtf;fdiyr; brytHpf; fhky;
vt;thW fhg;ghw;w pf; bfhs;tJ vd;Wk; vdf;F KGikahf
mwptpj;j rw;FUnt/
rpUl; o ? gilj;jy;
jpjp ? fhj;jy;
293
r';fhuk; ? mHpj; jy;

jpjp epiy ? fhj;jy;
fz epiy mtw;wpd; fUepiy midj;J k;

FzKwj; bjhpj;J l; Fyt[ rw;F Unt (1044)
bka;. tha;. fz;. K:f ;F. brtp Mfpa ,e;j phpa';fs;.

kdk;. g[j;j p. rpj; jk;. mf';fhuk;. cs; sk; Mfpa fuz'; fs;
,t;tpuz;L k; ,e; jphpaf; fuzj; jj; Jt';fspd; Tl; lkhFk;.
mitfspd; ikakhd caph; epiyiaa[k;. ,itfspd;
bjhlh;g hd kw; w vy; yhtw; wia[k ; mwptpj;J ey;y Fz';fs;
vy;yhk; ehd; mila[khW bra; jha;/ ey;y Fz';fis ehd;
mile; jjhy; kl;L nk. ,e; jphpa fuz'; fspd; ika epiyia
vdf;Fj; bjhptpj;J. vd;D ld; kfpH;e; J cwthLk;
vd;Dila cz;i kahd FUnt/
gjpepiy. gRepiy. ghrepiy vyhk;

kjpa[wj; bjhpj;J s; ta';F rw;FUnt (1046)
gjp. gR. ghrk; vd;W brhy;yg;gLk; ,iwepiy. $Ptd;

epiy. $Ptd; milfpd; w ge;j ghr epiy Mfpa K: d;iwa[k ;
vd; g[ j;jpapny ed;F gjpa[ k;goj; bjhptpj; J vd; cs;n s
tps';Ffpd;w cz;i kahd FUnt/
gpuk ufrpak; ngrp vd;D sj;nj

juKw tps';F k; rhe;j rw;F Unt (1048)
ahUk; mwpahj gpuk ufrpaj;i j vdf;Fj; bjhptpj;J

vd; cs;sj; jpny ehd; tsh;e;J gf;F t epiy mila[khW
tps';Ffpd;w rhe; j epiwthd rw;F Unt/
gpukk; vd;gJ ehjk;/ ; Mjhuk;/ ;
ehjkhk; gpukKk; ehj mz; l';fSk;
Mjuk; tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (mfty; thp 600)
294
ehj mDgtk;. jtj; ij nkw;bfhz;nlhh;f;F xU

Kf;fpakhd mDgtkhFk;/
guk ufrpak; gfh;e;bjdJsj;nj

tuKw tsh;j;J ta';F rw;F Unt (1050)
gpwh; mwpaf;Tlhj xd;nw guk ufrpakhFk;/
gpUk;kkhfpa ehjj;j pd; bgU epiy mDgtkhfpa

guehj epiyapd; fz; njhd;Wtnj gukkhfpa ngbuhsp/
,g;ngbuhspia vt;t hW mwptJ> ngbuhspiaf; fhQqk; guk
ufrpaj; ij vdf;F mwptpj;J rhfh tuk; ehd; mila
vd;id tsh; j;J vd; cs;sj; jpDs;ns tPw; wpUf;fpd;w
rw;FUnt/
rpt ufrpabkyhk; bjhptpj;J vdf;nf

et epiy fhl;oa "hd rw;F Unt (1052)
ngbuhspiaf; fz;l epiyapy; mKjk; Cw;b wLf;Fk;/

mKjk; Cw; bwLf;F k; epiy rpt epiyahFk;/ ve;jr;
rhjidia vg;goapUe;J ve;j mstpw;F Mw;w pdhy; mKjk;
bgwyhnkh me;j ufrpaj;ij vdf;F mwptpj;J g[jpabjhU
mDgt epiyia (kuzkpyhg; bgUthH;t[) mwptpj;j "hdk;
epiw rw;FUnt/
Mjhuk; /;
gpuknk gpukg; bgUepiy kpira[Wk;

guknk guk gje;j Uk; rptnk (mfty; thp 944)
etepiy jUk; Xh; ey;y bjs; mKnj

rptepiy jdpny jpuz; l cs;sKnj (mfty; thp 1282)
295
rj;jpay; midj;J k; rpj;jpay; KGJk;

mj;jif bjhpj;j mUl;rpt FUnt (1054)
rf;jpfshfpa Mw;wy; vj;jid tifa[z; n lh mit

midj; jpida[k;. rpj;jhly; tif vj;jida[ z;nlh mit
midj; jpida[k; mwptpj;j mUs; epiw rptFUnt/
mwpgit vy;yhk; mwptpj;J vd;D ns

gpwptw tps';F k; bghpa rw;F Unt (1056)
ehd; mwpe;J bfhs;sntz;oa midj;jpida[k ;

(Fwpg;ghfj; jtk; bra;a ntz;oa Kiw) vdf;Fj; bjhptpj;J
gphpbtd;gjpy;y hJ vd;Dns tPw; wpUf;Fk; bghpa rw;FUnt/
Fwpg;g[ /; gpwp ? gphp ? vJif khw;w k;/
nfl;g it bay;yhk; nfl;gpj; bjDs;ns

ntl;ifapd; tps';F k; tpky rw;FUnt (1058)
Kd;thpapy; jtk; bra;a ntz;oa Kiw mwpe;jjhfr;

brhy;yg;gl;lJ/ rh!;jpu "hdk; Kjypy; ? mDgt"hdk;gpd;/
mftypy; 1039 thp bjhl'; fp 1058 tiu rh!; jpu "hdk;/
,e;j thp bjhl';fp tUtJ mDgt "hdk;/ Kjy;

mDgtk; ehjk;/ mJ ,';F vLj;J f; fhl;lg;gLfpwJ/
ehd; vijf; nfl;f ntz;Lnkh (ehj mDgtk;)
mjid ehd; nfl;FkhW bra;J vd; cs;ns bgh'; fp vGk;
jhgj;jpd; tpisthd kyk; eP' ;fpa rw; FUnt/
ehjj;j pd; gpd; njhd; wf; Toa fhl;rp. mKjk;. rhfh
epiy nghd;w mDgt'; fs; thpirahff; Twg;gl;Ls;sd/
296
mDgt thpir/;
Rw;wJ kw;wt; tHp kh N:jJ vd; bwz; zhj;

bjhz;l buyhk; fw;fpd;whh; gz;L kpd;W';fhzhh;/
vw; w Jk;g[ kzp kd;wpypd;g elk;g[ hpa[k ;
vd;Dila Jiuna epd;dUshy; ehd;
bghpajtk; g[hpe;njd; vd; bgw; wp mjprank/
fw;wJ ? jtk; bra;fpd;w Kiw

nfl;lJ ? ehjk;
fz;lJ ? fhl;rp
cz;lJ ? mKjk;
bgw;wJ ? kuzkpyhg; bgUthH;t[
,d;g[w; wJ ? nghpd;gk;
fhz;g it vy;yhk; fhl;L tpj;bjdf;nf

khz;g jk; mspj;J ta';F rw;F Unt (1060)
fhz;git vd;gJ Md; khDgtj; jpy; mfj;n j

njhd;W fpd;w fhzhf; fhl;r piaf; Fwpg;gjhFk;/ fhl;rp
vd;gJ guehj epiy mDgtj;jpy; rpw;rigapy; njhd;Wk;
ngbuhsp/ gpd;dh; bghw;rigf; fhl; r pahfpa bts; bshspapd;
eLnt njhd;W k; bghd;bdhsp/ Kothf mg;bghd; bdhspf;Fs;
MLfpd;w brt; bthsp/
ehd; fhzntz;oa fhl;rpfisbay;yhk; vdf;Ff;

fhl;Ltpj;Jr; rpwg;ghd gjj;ij vdf;F mspj;J
tps';Ffpd;w rw;FUnt/
297
Mjhuk; /;
<w; wwpnad; ,Ue;j pUe; jp'; fjprapg;g bjd; eP

vd;fpd;wha; eP vid tpl;n lFbjhWk; ehd;jhd;
fhw;wwpahj; jPgk; nghy; ,Ue;jpLk; mj; jUzk;
fz;lghp brd;g[fy; ntd; mz; lgfpuz;lk;
njhd;w paJ M';fjdLnt njhd; wpabjhd;W mJjhd;
ts;syUbshspnah <jjprapf;Fk; tifna
(jpUtUl;gh 5767)
bra;g it vy;yhk; bra;tpj;J vdf;nf

ca;g it aspj;bjDs; X';F rw;FUnt (1062)
ehd; bra;a ntz;oa bray; fs; vitnah mtw; iw

ehd; vd; Rje;jukw;Wj; j';fspd; ghpg{uz Rje;j uj;j hy;
bra;a[khW bra;tpj;J vdf; nf. ehd; nknyh'; fp thHj;
njitahdtw;iw mspj;J vd;Ds;ns X';Ffpd;w rw;FUnt/
cz;g it vy;yhk; cz;Q qtpj; bjd;D s;

gz;g pdpy; tps';F k; guk rw;F Unt (1064)
Md;khDgtj;jpy; ehd; cz; z ntz; oait vitnah

g";rhKjk;. bjs;s Kjk; cl;gl midj;jpida[k; vd;id
cz;zitj;J ehd; bfhz;l Fzg;gh';if mwpe;J mjdpy;
tps';Fk; kpf kpf nkyhd rw;FUnt/
(Mjhuk;)

mKjKKz;nldo ? mk;kh
mKjKKz;nldo
(jpUtUl;g h 4944)
298
fs;Sz;lhbsdg;g[f d;whh;.fdfrig eLnt

fz;lJz;L rpw;rigapYz;l JKz; lo ehd;
vs;Sz;l gytplaj;jpwf;Fk; fs; md;;n w
vd;W k; ,wth epiyapy; ,Uj;J k; fs; cyfh;
cs;Sz;l nghJ kaf;Fw;wpLk; fs; mynt
cs;s kaf;fidj;j pida[ k; xHpj; jpLk; f s; kltha;
mwpt[ jUk; mth;f;Fk; ,';nf ahDz;l fs;ns
(jpUtUl;g h 5725)
rhfhf; fy;t papd; jubkyhk; fw;gpj;J

Vfhf; fug;bghUs; <e;j rw;F Unt (1066)
rhfhj; jiy. ntfhf;f hy;. nghfhg;g[d y; vd;w K:d;W

ghf';fisa[ila rhfhf; fy;tpiaa[k ; mjDila cah;ita[ k ;
vyhk; vdf;Ff; fw;gpj;J (mfty; thpfs; 1039 Kjy; 1064
tiu) vd;i dtpl;L vd;Wk; gphpahj. mfyhj bghUis
(mUis) vdf;F mspj;j rw;F Unt
Fwpg;g[ /; rh fhj;jiy. nt fhf;fhy;

ngh fhg;g[ dy;
,e;j K:d;W brhw; fspy; cs;s KjbyGj;ij kl;L k;

nrh;j; jhy; rh nt ngh vd;W tUk;/
rj;jpakhk; rpt rpj;jpfs; midj;ija[k;

bka;j;
jj ; if mspj;bjDs; tps';F rw;F Unt
(1068)
vd;W k; mHpahJ epue;jukhf tps';F k; rpt rpj;jpfs;

midj; jpida[k; cz;i kahf vdf; F mspj;j vd;Ds;
tps';Fk; rw;F Unt/
299
vy;yh epiyfSk; Vw;wpr; rpj;bjyhk;

ty;yhd; vd vid itj;j rw;FUnt/ (1070)
Md;khDgtj;jpd; Koe;j mDgt epiyahfpa Rj;j

rpt epiy tiu 43 mDgt epiyfspy; filrp tiu
vd;id Vw;wpr; rpj; jpfs; midj;jpYk; ty;ytd; vd vidj;
J}f;fp itj; j rw;FUnt/
rpj;jpfs; bgWjy; ntW ? mjpy; ty;y tdhjy; ntW
Mjhuk;/ ;
ve; ijiaf; fz;nld; ,lbuyhk; eP';f pndd;

rpe;ij kfpH;e; njbdd;We; jPgw
rpj;jpfs; bgw;n w bdd;We; jPgw
(jpUtUl;g h 4902)
je;ijiaf; fz;nld; ehd; rhfhtuk; bgw;nwd;

rpe;ij fspj;njbdd;We; jPgw
rpj;bjyhk; ty;n ybdd;We; jPgw
(jpUtUl;g h 4903)
Fwpg;g[ /; mDgt epiyfs; midj;j pYk; Vw;wpitg;gJ

FUtpd; flik/
rPUw mUshk; njRw mHpahg;

mHpah g;
ngUw vd;idg; bgw;w ew;whna (1072)
thHitf;f pd;w mUshfpa rPh; bgw;W. mHpahj

mwpita[ k; milat[k ;. xsp clk; iga[k;. (Md;k ,d;g
yhgj;ij) kuzkpyhg; bgUthH;t[ vd; w bgUk; ngw; iw ehd;
bgwt[k; vd;i dg; bgw; bwLj; j ew;whna/
300
bghUe;jpa mUl;bgUk;nghfnk cWbfdg;

cWbfdg ;
bgUe;jathy; vidg; bgw;w ew;whna/ (1074)
,iw mUshy; ehd; bgw; w nghpd;gk; vd;Wk; mHpahjJ/

vdf;nf bghUj;j khdJ/ me; j ,d;gkhdJ vdf;nf
bghUe;J k;go milthahf vd;W Mrp bfhLj;J
bgU';fUiza[l d; vidg; bgw;w ey;y ew;whna/
Md;w rd;khh;f;fk;; mzp bgw vidj;jhd;

<d;w Kjspj;j ,dpa ew;whna/ (1076)
,iwtid milar; rhpia. fphpia. nahfk;. "hdk;

mjhtJ jhrkhh;f;f k; rw;g[ j;jpukhh;f;fk;. rfkhh;f;f k;.
rd;khh;f;f k; Mfpa ehd;F khh;f;f';f is Kd;ndhh; fz;L
tHpg;gLj;jpdh;/ rd;k hh;f ;fk; vd;gJ kzpthrfh; jpUK:yh;
Mfpnahh; fhyj;jpnyna epiy ehl; lg; gl;Ltpl;l J/ ntU:d ;wp
epd;W tps';Fk; rd; khh; f;fj;ij nkYk; g[ dpjkhdjhf;f
vidj;j hd; <d;W mUsKjk;; mspj; J tsh;f ;fpd;w ,dpa
ey;y jhna
Fwpg;g[ /; rkurk;. Rj;j k;. rj;jpak; Mfpa bewpfisr;

rd;khh;f;f j;Jld; ,izj;Jr; rkur Rj;j
rd;khh;f;f rj; jpa r';f k; vd;W rkurj;ij
mHFgLj;j path; ts;syhnu/
grpj;jpLnjhWk; vd; ghyize; jUshy;

trpj;j KjUs;g [hp tha;ik ew;whna/ (1078)
vdf;Fg; grp te; jnghbjy;yhk; vd;dUnf te;J

vd;id md;g[l d; mizj;J mUsha; tps';Fk; mKjkspj; J
mUs; g[hptha; vd;dUikj; jhna/
301
jsh;e;j njhwonad; rhh;g ize;bjd;id

cse;bjsptpj;j xUik ew;whna/ (1080)
vt;tsnth fhuz';fshy; kdk; mof;for;

nrhh;tile;JtpLfpwJ/ mt;thW kdk; jsh;tile;j
nghbjy; yhk; vd; id mile;J vd; csj;nj bjspita[k ;.
Mw;wiya[k; mspj;J vd; id Cf;Ftpj; J vd;ndhL
,uz;lwf; fye;j xUika[ila ey; y md;idna/
mUsKnj Kjy; Itif mKjKk;

bjUSw vdf;fUs; bry;t ew;whna/ (1082)
mUshfpa mKjk; bjhl';f p "hd mDgtj;jpy;

Cwptuf; Toa Ie; Jtif mKj'; fisa[k; ehd; cz; ik
epiy bgw vdf;f Us;tha; mUl; bry;t Kila ey;y
md;idna/
1/ Kjy; mKjk; ehf;F Edpapy;

2/ ,uz;lhtJ mKjk; ehf;F kj;jpapy; g[ tdhKjk;
3/ K:d;whtJ ehf;F moapy; kz;lyhKjk;
4/ ehd;fhtJ cs; ehf;fpdoapy; ufrpaKjk;
5/ cz;zhf;Ff;F nky; bksdhKjk;
,e;j Ie;j htJ mKjk; cz;lth;fs; vd;Wk; mHpahj

njf rpj;jpiag; bgw;wth; fs;/
,ayKnj Kjy; vGtif mKjKk;

caYw vdf;fUs; chpa ew;whna/ (1084)
,ay;ghd mKjk; bjhl';fp Kd;thpapy; Twpa Ie;J

mKj'; fSld; guehj epiy mDgtj;jpy; rpw;rigapy;
njhd;W k; ngbuhspf; fhl;rpa[k; mg; ngbuhspf;Fs; cjakhfpd; w
bghd;bdhspf; fhl; rpa[k ; Mf VG mKj';fSk; ehd; ca;t hd;
ntz;o mtw;i wj; jUtjw;Fhpa ey;y md;idna jUthahf/
302
fhl;rp vt;thW mKjkhFk; >

fs;Sz;l hbsdg; g[ fd;w hh; vd;w 5725 ghlypy; fdf rigapy;
fz;l fhl; rpia mKjkhff; TWtJ fhz;f/ mKjk;
thHitg;gJ/ ek;ik thHitg;g bjy;y hk; mKjk; MfpwJ/
ez;g [W k; vz;tif et tif mKjKk;

gz;g [w vdf;fUs; gz;g [ilj;jhna (1086)
vz;tif mKjk; gpz;lj; jpy;(4) mz;lj;jpy;(4) = 8
mf mKjk; bjs;sKjk; fly; ePh;

mfg;g[w mKjk; Mde;jf; fz;zPh ; gdp ePh ;
g[w mKjk; kdbefpH;tpy;; re;jpu xsp
CWk; ckpH; ePh;
g[wg;g[w mKjk; tpah;it kiH
et tif mKjk; /;
1) 1tJ mKjk; ehf;F Edpapy;

2) g[tdhKjk; ehf;F kj; jpapy;
3) kz; lyhKjk; ehf; fpdoapy;
4) ufrpa mKjk; cs; ehf; fpdoapy;
5) bksdhKjk; cz;zhf;fpw;Fnky;
6) caph;fSf;f hd g[ wg;g[w mKjk;
7) njth;fSf;f hd g[w mKjk;
8) Ith; fl;f hd mfg;g[w mKjk;
9) rj; jp rj;jh;fl; fhd mf mKjk;
ed;ikna bra;a[k ; vl;L tif mKj';fisa[ k; kw;Wk;

xd;gJ tif mKj';fisa[k; mitfl;F nkYKs;s kw;w
mKj'; fisa[ k; ehd; gz;g[ bgWkhW gz;g[ila vd; jhna
vdf;f Us;thahf/
303
kw;W s mKj tifbayhk; vdf;nf

cw;W z tspj;jUs; X';F ew;whna (1088)
,Jtiu TwpaJnghf kPjKs;s kw;w mKj

tiffisa[ k; vdf;n f cz; QqkhW mspj; J mUs; X';F
ew;whna/
fyf;fKk; mr;rKk; foe;bjdJsj;nj

myf;fQqk; jtph;j;jUs; md;g [ilj;jhna (1090)
kdjpny njhd;W k; FHg;gj;ija[ k; gaj;ija[k ; nghf;f p

vdJsj; nj Jd;gj; ija[k ; jtph;j; J md;g[ila vd;
md;idna. mUs;g[h pthahf/
Ja;g ;gpdpy; midj;J k; Rfk; bgw mspj;bjdf;F
va;g ;bgyhk; jtph;j;j ,d;g [ilj;jhna (1092)
ehd; mDgtpf;Fk; vy;yh tw;wpYk; Rfk; xd;i wna

mila[k hW mspj; jJld; ,Hpitj; jUk; vy; yhtw; iwa[k ;
jtph;j; J vdf;nf ,d;gkspf;F k; vd;D ila md;idna/
rpj;jpfs; vy;yhk; bjspe;jpl vdf;nf

rj;jpia mspj;j jat[ilj;jhna (1094)
fUk rpj;jp. nahf rpj; jp. "hd rpj; jp Mfpa rpj;j p

tiffs; ,it vdj; bjspthf mwpa[k ;go vdf;nf
Mw;wiy mspj;j jat[i la md;idna/
rj;jpdp ghjk; jid mspj;J vid nky;

itj;j Kjspj;j kug[ilj;jhna (1096)
mUl; rf;j papd; jpUto epiyia vdf;F mspj; J

vy;nyhh;f;F k; cah;e; j epiyapy; vid itj;J mKjk;
mspj; j fUiz tothd vd; md;i dna/
304
rj;jp rj;jh;fbsy;yhk; rhh;e;J vd njty; bra;

rpj;jpia mspj;j bja;t ew;whna (1098)
fhhpa'; fs; g[h pfpd;w rj;jpfSk; mjw; Ff; fhuzkha[s ;s

rj;jh; fSk; ehd; ,Lk; gzpiar; bra;af; Toa rpj;j pia
mspj; j bja;tnk ey;y md;idna/
jd;dpfhpy;yhj; jiytidf; fhl;ona

vd;id nknyw;wpa ,dpa ew;whna (1100)
jdf;F <L ,iz brhy;y Koahj jiytidf;

fhl;o vd;id cah;e ;j mDgt epiyf; F Vw;wpa ,dpa ey;y
md;idna/

mKjKk; cz;nldo ? mk;k h
mKjKk; cz;nldo
jh';Fk; mtsUshny eluhrh;

re;epjp fz;nldo ? mk;k h
re;epjp fz;nldo/
re;epjpapw; brd;W ehd; bgw; w ngwJ

rhkp mwpthuo ? mk; kh
rhkp mwpthuo/
btspg;gl tpUk;gpa tpisbtyhk; vdf;nf

mspj;J mspj;J ,d;g [bra; md;g [ilj; jhna
(1102)
jPa vz; z';fSk;. jfhj MirfSk; kdjpny
njhd;w pdhYk;. mtw;i w mg;gona btspna Twpdhy; ,Hpt[
Vw;gLk; vd;gij czh;e ;J jd;id kpft[k; ey;ytuhff;
fhl;of; bfhs;tnj kdpj ,ay; g[/ jhd; bgha; na
brhy;tjpy;i y vd;W k;. mayhh; bghUs; kP J Mir
bfhs;tjpy;i y vd;W k;. ve; jj; jtWk; kdkwpe; J
305
bra;tjpy;iy vd;W k; ,g;goj; jhd; btspg;gilahff;

TWtJ/ btspg;gilahf. tpUg;gkhf vd;b dd;d
TWfpd;nwndh mtw;iwbay;y hk; vdf; nf mspj;J ,d;gKwr;
bra;tha; vd; md; idna/
Fwpg;g[ /; kdjpny njhd;Wk; jPa vz;z';f is
mspj; Jtplhnj vd;gJ ntz;Ljy;/
vz; mfj;bjhL g[wj;bjd;id v";"hd;W k;
fz; vdf; fhf;F k; fUiz ew;whna (1104)
kdk;. g[j ;jp. rpj;j k;. mf';f huk;. cs;sk; vDk;

mfj;JWg;g[ f;fshfpa me; jf; fuz'; fisa[k;. bka;. tha;.
fz;. K: f;F. brtp Mfpa g[w cWg;g[fshfpa
,e;jphpa';f isa[k ; fz;iz ,ik vt; thW fhg;ghw;Wfpd; wnjh
mt;thnw vf; fhyj;Jk; fhf; fpd; w jat[ila ey;y
md;idna/
,d;dUs; mKjspj;J ,wthj; jpwy;g [hpe;J

vd;id tsh;j;jpLk; ,d;g [ilj; jhna (1106)
,d;gj;i j kl;Lnk mspf;fpd;w mUsKjj;ij mspj;J

kuzkpyhg; bgUthH;t[ mila[k; Mw;w iy mspj;J vd;i d
tsh;f;f pd;w ,d;g [ila vd; md;i dna/
vd; cly; vd; caph; vd; mwpbty;yhk;

jd;d btd;whf;fpa jat[ilj; jhna (1108)
vdJ Rje;juj;jpdhy; ,a';f p te;j vd; clk;g[. vd;

caph;. vdJ mwpt[ Mfpa midj;i ja[k; jhd; bfhz;L jd;
trkhf;f p jdjhf; fpf; bfhz;l jat[i la vdJ md; idna/
bjhpah tifahy; rpwpnad; jsh;e;jplj;
jhpahJ mizj;j jat[ilj; jhna (1110)
(vd;d elf;F k; vd;gJk; vd;d bra;a ntz;Lk;

vd;gJk;) vJt[k; bjhpahj fhuzj;jhy; ahhpDk; rpwpnadhfpa
306
ehd; jsh; r;rpaila[' ;fhy; jhshJ vid mizj;j

jat[ila vdJ md;i dna/
rpd Kjy; midj;ija[k; jPh ;j;bjid edtpDk;

fdtpDk; gphpahf; fUiz ew;whna (1112)
nfhgjhgk; Kjy; vy;yhj; jPa Fz'; fisa[k; ePf ;fpf;

fdtpYk; edtpYk; gphpahJ tps'; Fk; jat[ila ey;y
md;idna/
J}f;fKk; nrhk;g [k; vd; Jd;g Kk; mr;rKk;

Vf;fKk; ePf;fpa vd;jdpj;jhna (1114)
J}f;fKk;. nrhk;gYk;. vd;Dila Jd;gKk;. gaKk;.

,y;iyna vDk; Vf; fKk; ePf ;fpa vdJ xg;gw;w md;idna/
Jd;bgyhk; jtph;j;J ns md;bgyhk; epuk;g

,;d;bgyhk; mspj;j vd; jdpj; je;ijna (1116)
gpwtpj; Jd;gk; Kjyhf vy;yhj; Jd;g';fisa[ k; eP f;fp

,iwtd; kPJ gf;j p cs; sk; KGtJk; epuk;g. ,d;g j;ijna
vdf;fspj;j vd; xg;g[ah;tw;w vdJ jdpj; je;ijna/
vy;yh ed;ika[k; vd;wdf; fspj;j

vy;yhk; ty;y rpj;bjd; jdpj; je;ijna (1118)
vy;yh ed; ikfSk; vd;wdf;F mspj; J vy; yhk; ty;y

rpj;jdha; tps';Fk; vd; xg;gw;w je;ijna/
ehapw; filnad; eyk; bgwf; fhl;oa
jhapw; bghpJk; jat[ilj; je;ijna (1120)
ehapDk; filg;gl;ltdhfpa ehd; ed; ik mila[k;g o

tHp fhl; oa vd;D ila jhapDk; kpf mjpfkhd jat[ ila
je;ijna/
307
mwptpyhg; gUtj;J mwpt[ vdf;fspj;nj

gpwptpyhJ mkh;e;j nguUs; je;ijna (1122)
mwpt[ tps';f hj rpW gpuhaj; jpnyna mwpt[

tpsf;fj;ij vdf;F mspj;Jk;. vd; id vd;Wk; tpl;Lg;
gphpahJ vd;Ds;ns mkh;e;j nguUs; tha;e;j je;ijna/
g[d;dpfhpy;nyd; bghUl;otz; mile;j

jd;dpfhpy;yhj; jdpg; bgUe; je;ijna (1124)
mw;gkhd g[y;Yf;Ff; Tl xg;g[t ik brhy;y Koahj

vd; bghUl;L k; ,';n f mile;j jdf; F epfhpy;y hj xg;gw;w
bghpa je;ijna/
mfj;jpDk; g[wj;jpDk; mkh;e;J mUl;n$hjp

rfj;jpdpy; vdf;nf je;j bka;j; je;ijna (1126)
,iwth vd; cs; sj;i j ,lkhff; bfhz;L mkh;e; jha;/

vd;dplkpUe;J g[wj;jpny btspg;gLk;. braypYk; ePna
,Uf;f pd;w ha;/ mjhtJ ehd; cd; g[fnH ngRfpd;nwd;/
cdf;Ffe;j ,uf;f khd jat[ila bray;fns bra;f pd;n wd;/
,t;thW vd; mfj; jpYk; g[wj;j pYk; ePna ,Ue;J ,e; j
cyfpy; mUl;n$hjp vdf;nf mspj; j vd; cz; ikahd
je;ijna/
Fwpg;g[ /; cyfpay; je; ij cgrhuj; jhy; bgw;w je;ijna/
,iwtnd cz;i kahd je;i j/
,izapyhf;
,izapyhf; fspg;g [w;W ,Ue;jpl vdf;nf
Jizao brd;dpapy; N:l;oa je;ijna (1128)
<L ,iz ,y;y hj Mde; jk; mile;J ,Uf;F k;go

cd;Dila bkd; kyh;j; Jizg; ghj';fis vd; jiyapy;
N:l;oj; jpUto jPl;i r bra;j vd;Dila je;i jna/
308
MjpaPwwpah mUsurhl;rpapy;
n$hjp kh kFlk; N:l;oa je;
je;ijna (1130)
mUsurhl; rp vg;nghJ Muk;gpj;jJ> mjw;F

vd;iwf;Fnk Kot[ fpilahnj/ mg;go Muk;g Kk; Kot[k ;
,y;yhj cd; mUs; murhl;r papy; cd; mUl; n$hjp kh kFlk;
vdf;Fr; N: l;o vd;id me;j mUsurhl;r pf;F cw; wtdhf
Mf;fpa je;i jna/
vl;ouz;lwptpj;J vidj; jdp Vw;wpg;

gl;o kz;lgj;jpy; gjpj;j bka;j; je;ijna (1132)
vl;lhfpa mfu tpsf;fj;ija[ k; ,uz;lhfpa cfu

tpsf;fj;ija[ k; vdf;Fj; bjhpag;gLj;jp vd;id ahUk;
Vwpawpahj xg;gw;w nkdpiyf;F Vw; wp mwp"h; fs; rigapny
epiyf; f itj;j cz;ikahd je;ijna/
@ je;i j kfw;fhw;Wk; ed;wp mitaj;J

Ke;jp ,Ug;gr; bray;@ (Fws;)
mfuk; vd;g J $Pt d;

cfuk; vd;gJ guk;/
$Ptd;. guk; ,it ,uz;Lk; ek; clk;gpy; v';F

cs;sd/ vt;t hW bray;gLfpd;w d vd;gij mwptnj vl;L
,uz;L mwpjy;/
j';nfhy; mstJ je;J mUl;n$hjpr;

br';nfhy; brYj;bjdr; brg;g pa je;ijna (1134)
Kjy;thpd; Ml; rp jkpH; ehl;o w;Fs; bry;Yk;/ gpujkhpd;

Ml;rp ,e;jpah KGtJk; bry;Yk;/ Mdhy; ,iwtdpd; Ml;rp
cyfk; kl;Lky;y ? mz;l ruhru';f s; KGtJk; mg;ghYk;
bry;Yk;/ cdJ Ml;r p vJ tiu bry;Ynkh me; j mst[
309
mUl; n$hjpr; br';n fhy; bfhz;L vd; ida[k; Ml;r p bra;f

vdf; Twpa je;ijna/
Fwpg;g[ /; ,iwtDf;Fr; rkkhf ts;syhhpd; Ml;rpa[k ;
bry;fpwJ/
(j';nfhy; mst[/ ; Ml;r p bry;Yk; tp!;jP uzk; ?
gug;gst[ ? mtDila Ml;rp bry;yhj ,lnk ,y;i y)
jd; bghUs; midj;jpida[k; jd; murhl;rpapy;

vd; bghUs; Mf;fpa vd; jdpj; je;ijna (1136)
vdf;bfd;W ,Uf;fpd;w mw;g Rje;jukhfpa $Pt

Rje;juk;. nghf Rje;jpuk;. njf Rje;jpuk; Mfpa K:d;W
Rje;ju';fisa[k; eP MSk;go cdf;n f rh;t Rje;jukhff;
bfhLj;Jtpl;L ,Uf;fpd;w ntisapy; cd; bghUshf cs; s
Mw;wy; fs; midj; jpida[k; vd; bghUshf;fpa vd;Dila
xg;gw;w je;ijna/
jd; to
totidj;
tidj;ija[k; jd; murhl;rpapy;
vd; tothf;fpa vd; jdpj; je;ijna (1138)
vd;id ,He; J ehd; cd;Dila trkhf ,Uf;fpd;w

ntisapy; jd; tothfpa "hd toit vdf;Fj; je; J vd;
toita[k; "hd tothf; fpa vdJ xg;g w;w je;ijna/
,iwtd; totk; "hd njfk; vd;gjw; F Mjhuk;/ ;
n$hjp kiy nky; tPl; oy; J}a jpUtKjk;

nkjpdp?nky; ehDz;z ntz;ondd;??Xjhpa
Vfh mndfh vHpw; bghJtpy; thH; "hd
njfh fjitj; jpw/;
jd; rpj;jidj;ija[k; jd; rK:fj;jpdpy;
vd; rpj;jhf;fpa vd; jdpj; je;ijna (1140)
vidj; jdpahf;fp epd;dplk; xg;g ilj;J cdJ

re;epjpapy; epd;w ntisapy; jdJ vy;yhr; rpj;Jf; fisa[ k ;
vd;Dilajhf;f pa vdJ xg;gw;w je;i jna/
310
jd; trkhfpa jj;J t kidj;ija[k;

vd; trkhf;fpa vd; caph;j; je;ijna (1142)
(vd; trkhf ,Ue;J ,a'; fp te; j ,e;j phpa';fs;.

fuz';f s; Kjypa jj; Jt';fs; midj; ija[k; jd;
trkpy;y hky; ,Uj;j panghJ) cd; trkhf ,Uf;f pd;w
vy;yhj; jj;Jt'; fisa[k ; vd; trkhf;fpa vd; caph; j ;
je;ijna/
jd; ifapy; gpoj;j jdp mUl;n$hjpia

vd; ifapy; bfhLj;j vd; jdpj; je;ijna
(1144)
jd; ifapny jhd; bfhz;o Ue;j mUl; n$hjpahfpa
(mDgt epiyia) vd; mDgtkhf;fpa vdJ xg;gw; w
je;ijna/
jd;ida[k; jd; mUs; rf;jpapd; toita[k;

vd;ida[k; xd;bwd ,aw;wpa je;ijna (1146)
vd;idg; ghh; j;J ehDk;. vd; mUs; rf;j pa[k;. ePa[k ;

ntW ntwy;y. K:d ;W k; xd; nw vd; W Twpa vd;Dila
je;ijna/
Fwpg;g[ /; ,iwtd; ts; syhhplk; ehnd eP vd;W Twpajhy;
,iwtd; ntW ts;syhh; ntW my;y/ ts;syhnu
,iwtdhf tps';Ffpwhh;/
jd; ,ay; vd; ,ay; jd; bray; vd; bray;

vd;d ,aw;wpa vd; jdpj; je;ijna (1148)
jd;Dila ,ay;ghd jd;i k vJnth mJnt

cd;DilaJ vd;W k; jd;Dila bray; vy;yhk; cd;Dila
brany vd;W k; vd;d plk; Twpa vdJ xg;gw;w je;ijna/
311
jd; cU vd; cU jd; ciu vd; ciu

vd;d ,aw;wpa vd; jdpj; je;ijna (1150)
jd; cUtk;jhd; vd; cUtk; vd; Wk;. jd;Dila

thf;F vd; Dila thf;nf vd;Wk; vd;dplk; Twpa vdJ
xg;gw;w je;ijna/
ehDiuf;Fk; thh; j;ijbayhk; ehafd; jd; thh;j;i j

ek;g[kpndh eku';fhs; ew; wUzk; ,Jnt
thDiuj; j kzpkd;w py; elk;g [hp vk;bgUkhd;
tubtjph; bfhz;ltdUshy; tu';fbsyhk; bgwnt
njDiuf;Fk; cskpdpf;f vGfpd;n wd; ePtph;
bjhpe; jile;bjd;Dld; vGkpd; rpj; jp bgwyhFk;
VDiuj; njd; ,uf; fj;j hy; vLj;J iuj; njd; fz; O h;
ahdila[k ; Rfj;jpid ePh; jhdiljy; Fwpj;n j
(jpUtUl;g h 5594)
Fwpg;g[ /; ts;syhh; thf;bfy;yhk; ,iwtd; thf;n f/
rJug; nguUs; jdpg;bgUe; jiytd; vd;W

vjpuw;W X';fpa vd;D ilj; je;ijna (1152)
rhkh;j ;jpak; epiwe;jtd;/ vjida[k ; tpntfj; Jld;

rhpahfr; bray;gLj;j ty;ytd;/ nguUs; epiwe;jtd;/
xg;gw;w bgUe;j iytd;/ jdf;F epfuhft[k; vjpuhft[k ; ahUk;
,y;iy vd tps';Fgtd;/ ,t;thbwy;yhk; rpwe;J X'; fpa
vd;Dila je;i jna/
kd thf;fwpah tiug;gpdpy; vdf;nf

,d thf;fUspa vd; caph;j; je;ijna (1154)
kdjpny vGk; vz; z';fSk; brhy;Yk; mwpa KoahJ

epw;fpd;w khkt[d mDgtj;jpy; vdf;F g; gpuztg; bghUshfpa
X';fhu tpsf; fk; mUspa vd; capuha; tps';Fk; vd;
je;ijna/
312
,dthf;F ,iwtd; mUspdhd;/ ;
jdpj;jiyth; tUfpd;w jUzkpJ njhHp

jdpf;f vidtpL ePa[k; jdpj;bjhUghy; ,Uj;jp
,dpj;j Ritj; jpus; fye; j jpUthh; j; ij ePa[ k;
,d;g[wf; nfl;Ls';fspg;gha; ,JrhYk; epdf;n f
kdpj;j h;fnsh thdtnuh kyuandh khnyh
kw;iwanuh vd; g[ fy;ntd; knfRuh;MjpaUk;
jdpj;j xU jpUthh;j ;ij nfl;gjw;nf nfhoj;
jtk; bra;J epw;f pd;w hh; et";b ra;j epyj;nj
(jpUtUl;g h 5731)
czh;e;J czh;e;J czhpDk; czuhg; bgUepiy

bgUepiy
mize;jpl vdf;nf mUspa je;ijna (1156)
bka;. tha;. fz;. K:f ;F. brtp Mfpa ,e;jphpa';f shYk;.

kdk;. g[j ;jp. rpj; jk;. mf'; fhuk; Mfpa fuz'; fshYk;
vt;tst[jhd; czh; e;jhYk; czh;tjw;F mhpjhfpa xU
bgUepiy mDgtkhfpa khbksd epiyia ehd; mile;jpl
mUspa vdJ je;i jna/
Jhpa thH;t [lnd Rf g{uzbkDk;

bghpa thH;tspj;j bgUe;jdpj; je;ijna (1158)
rhf;uj;. brhg;d k;. RGj;j p. Jhpak; vd;w ehd;F

epiyfspy; Jhpa epiy mDgtj;j py; bgWfpd;w ey;t hH;t[ k;.
Fiwt[glhJ tps';Ffpd;w g{uz Rfbkd;f pd;w bghpa
thH;ita[k ; vdf;fspj;j bghpa xg;gw;w je;ijna/
<wpyhg; gj';fs; ahita['; fle;j

ngwspj; jhz;l bgUe;jifj; je;ijna (1160)
Kot[ vd;gjpy;y hj gj';f s; vy;yhtw;iwa[k ; fle;j

bghpanjhh; ngwhfpa mUl;n $hjpia mspj; J vid Mz; l
bgUe;jifna vd; je;ijna/
313
mUl; n$hjpiag; bgWjny ngW vd;gjw; F Mjhuk;/ ;?
Jhpanky; gubtspapny Rf elk; g[hpa[k;

bghpanjhh; mUl; n$hjpiag; bgWjny vitf;Fk;
mhpa ngW kw;w it bayhk; vspant mwpkpd;
chpa ,k;bkhHp kiwbkhHp/ rj;jpak; cyfPh;/
(jpUtUl;g h 5548)
vt;tifj; jpwj;jpDk; va;J jw;fhpjhk;

mt;tif epiy vdf;fspj;j ew;we;ijna (1162)
ve;jtpj Mw;wy; kpf;f brayhYk; mila Koahjnjhh;

mhpa mDgtj;ij. bgU epiyia vdf;fspj;j ey;y
je;ijna/
fw;g';fs; gy nfhor; bry;yj; jPa

fdypd; eL Crpapd;nky; fhiy Cd;wpg;
bghw;gw bka;a[ztpd;w p cwf;fkpd;w p g[y h;e;J
vYk;g[ g[ yg;gl Ik;bghwpia Xk;gp
epw;gth; f;F xspj; J. kiwf;F xspj;J.
nahf eP z; Kdpth; f;bfhspj;J mkuh;f; bfhspj;Jr;
rpw;guj;jpy; rpd; kakha; epiwe;j "hdj;
jpUthsh; cl;fye;j njt njnt/
mstpwe;j beL';f hyk;. rpj; jh; nahfh;

mwp"h; kyuad; Kjnyhh; mde;j ntjk;
fstpwe; Jk; fuzhjpapwe;Jk; bra;a[';
fLe;jtj; Jk; fhz;g hpjh'; flt[shfp
cstpwe; j vk;nghy;thh; cs;s j;jpDs;ns
CWfpd;w bjs; sKj Cwyhfpg;
gpstpwe; j gpz; lhz; l KGJk; jhdha;g;
gpw';Ffpd;w bgU';f Uizg; bghpa njnt
ve;jj; jtk; bra; Jk; mila Koahj xd;iw ts;syhh;

mile; jhh;/
314
vt;tifj;j hk; jtk; bra;apDk; va;jhpjhk; bja;tk;

vdf;bfspjpy; fpilj;bjd;kdk; ,l';b fhz;l bja;tk;
mt;tifj; jhk; bja;tk; mjw;fg;ghyhk; bja;t k;
mg;ghYk; bgUbtspf; nf mg;ghyhk; bja;tk;
xt;tfj;n j xspahfp X';F fpd; w bja;t k;
xd;whd bja;t k; kpf ed;whd bja;tk;
brt;tifj;bjd;wwp"buyhk; nrh; bghpa bja;tk;
rpw;rigapy; tps';F fpd;w bja;t knj bja;tk;
(jpUtUl;g h 3912)
,dpg; gpwth bewp vdf;fspj; jUspa
jdpg; bgUe; jiyikj; je;ijna je;ijna (1164)
nkYk; gpwtp vLf;fhj epiyapy; vd; id thH;tpf;F k;
bewp xd;w pid vdf;F mspj;J mUs;g[hpe;j xg;gw;w vr;
rkaj; njth;f;Fk; jiyik g{z;blhGFk; je; ijna
je;ijna/
tpsf;fk;/ ; ,we;jhy; kPz;Lk; tpidf;; nfw;gg; gpwtp te; nj
jPUk;/ cly; kha;e ;jhy; gpwtp cz;L/ mJt[k ;
ve;jg; gpwtp tha;f;Fnkh> Mjhuk;/
eaj; jhy; cdJ jpUtUis ez;z hf; bfhonad; eha[lk; ig
caj;jhd; itnad; koj;j pLntd; koj; jhy; gpd;dh; cyfj;n j
taj;jhy; ve; j clk;g[ cWnkh vd;d tUnkh vd;fpd;w
gaj;jhiynah ,t;t[lk;igr; Rkf; fpd; n wbdk; gu";R lnu/
(jpUtUl;g h 3336)
,we;jhy; kPz;L k; gpwtp te;n j jPUk; vd;gJ
Fwpg;gplj; jf;f J/ vdnt kPz;Lk; gpwthikf;F tHp
,wthikna/ gpwthbewp vd;gJ ,wth bewp/ ,wth bewp
vd;gJ vJ>

ghLfpd;n wd; ve;i jgpuhd; gjg; g[ fiH md;gpbdhLk; ghog;gho
ePLfpd; ; nwd; ,d;gf; Tj;j hLfpd;nwd; vz;;zbkyhk;
epuk;gpndnd (jpUtUl;g h 5445)
315
g[Utkj; jp ehl;l nk ,wthbewp Mjhuk;/

; thLjy; ePf; fpa kzp kd;wpilna
MLjy; ty;y mUl; bgU"; n$hjp (mfty; thp 102)
gw;wah;e;j";rpa ghpt[ fz;lize;bjidr;
rw;W k; m";nry; vdj; jh';fpa Jizna (1166)
ahd; vdJ vd;w Mztj;j hYk; mf'; fhuj;j hYk; tPL.

kidtp/. kf;f s; bry;tk; nghd;w gytpjkhd Mirfshy;
miye; J miye; J jsh;r;r paile;njd; / vd;Dila ghpjhg
epiy fz;L vd;kP J ,uf;fk; bfhz; L vd;id mizj;J r;
rpwpJk; gag;glhnj vd;W vdf;F Mjutspj;j vd;Dila
Jizna/
jsh;e;j mj;jUzk; vd; jsh;btyhk; jtph;j;J cl;

fpsh;e;jpl vdf;F f; fpilj;j bka;j;Jizna
J izna (1168)
vdf;Fr; nrhh;t[ vg; nghJ Vw;gl;lnjh mg;nghnj me;jr;
nrhh;t[ KGJk; ePf;f p vd; cs; skhdJ cw;r hfj; jpy;
bgh';Fk;go vdf;Ff; fpilj;j vdJ cz;ikahd Jizna/
JiwapJ. tHpapJ. JzptpJ eP bra[k;

KiwapJ vdnt bkhHpe;;j bka;j; Jizna (1170)
nruntz; oa ,lkhfpa jpUr;rpw;wk;g yk; ,J vdf;
fhl;o. m';F bry;Yk; tHp ,J vdt[k; fhl; o. mt;tHp
bry;tjw;Fhpa Cf;f Kk;. tplh Kaw;rpa[k; je;J eP bray;gl
ntz;oa bewp Kiw ,J vdt[k ; vdf;F mwptpj;j vdJ
cz;ikahd Jizna/
tpsf;fk; /; nrhplk; /; jpUr; rpw; wk;gyk;/
rPh plk; bgWnkhh; jpUr;rpw;wk;gyj; njjpfH;
jdpj; je;i jna epd;ghy;
nrhplkwpe; nj nrh;e ;jdd; fUiz
bra;jUs; bra;jplj; jhH;f ;fpy;
ahhplk; g[Fntd; ahh; Jiz vd; ngd;
ahh;f;b fLj;b jd; Fiw ,irg;ngd;
nghhplKoahjpdpj; JabuhL ehd;
bghWf;fnyd; mUs; f ,g;nghnj (3842)
316
v';F W jPika[k; vidj; bjhluhtif

f';F Yk; gfYk; bka;f; fhty; bra; Jizna (1172)
ve;j ,lj;jpypUe;Jk; jP';F tu nehplyhk;/ me;jj;
jPikahdJ vid milahtz; zk; ,ut[k; gfYk; rw;Wk;
mauhJ rj;jpakhf vd;idf; fhf;fpd;w vd;Dila
Jizna/
ntz;oa ntz;oa tpUg;bgyhk; vdf;nf

<z;oUe;;jUs;g [h p vd; caph;
caph;j; Jizna (1174)
ntz;oa /; njitg;gLfpd;w
ntz;oa /; gpuhh;j ;jid bra; j
vd;Dila njitfs; vd ehd; Mirfis
epiwntw;wpj;jUk;go ntz;Lfpd;; nwd;/ vd;Dila vy;yh
tpUg;g';fisa[k; epiwntw;wpa[k; vd; mUfpnynaapUe;Jk;
vdf;nf mUs; g[ hpthahf vd; caph;j; Jizna/
,fj;jpDk; guj;jpDk; vdf;fplh; rhuhJ

mfj;jpDk; g[wj;jpDk; mkh;e ;j bka;j ; Jizna (1176)
cyfpay; thH;t pYk;. mUspay; thH; tpYk; vdf;Fj;
Jd;gk; Vw;glhjthW vdf;F cs; Sk; g[wKk; mkh;e;J
fhg;ghw;W fpd;w cz;i kahd Jizna/
mah;tw vdf;nf mUs; Jizahfp vd;

caphpDk; rpwe;j xUik
xUik vd; el;ng (1178)
nrhh;thdJ mw;W g;nghFk;go vdf;nf mUs; Jizahf

eP ,Ue;J vd; caphpDk; nkyhf vd;D ld; ngjkw;Wf; fye;j
vd;Dila el;ng/
tpsf;fk;/ ; nrhh;t [ vd;gJ mah;t[. mjhtJ ntz;oa xd;W
vt;tst[. Kaw; rp bra; Jk; fpl;l hJ nghapd;
Vw;gLfpd;w jsh;t[. ,iwtid mile;jth; f;F
,y;yhik vd;gnj ,y; yhjjhy; nrhh; t[ ,y; iy
vd;whh;/ Mjhuk;
317
vy; yhKk; bra;aty;y jdpj; jiyth; bghJtpy; ,Ue;J

elk;g[h pfpd;w mUk; bgUk; nrhjpapdhh;
ey;yha; ed;d hl;l hh;f s; vy;yhUk; mwpa ez;zp vid kzk;
g[hpe;j hh; g[ z;zpadhh; mjdhy;
,y;yhik vdf; fpy; iy vy;y hh;f ;Fk; jUntd; vd;Dila
bgU";bry;tk; vd;g[ fy;ntd; mk;k h
bry;yhj mz;lkl;nlh mg;g [wj; jg;ghYk; rpt"hdg;
bgU";bry;tk; rpwg;g J fz; lwpna
(jpUtUl;g h 5740)
md;g pdpy; fye;J vdJ mwptpdpy; gapd;nw

,d;g pdpy; mise;j vd; ,d;D aph; el;ng (1180)
ehd; cd; kP J bfhz; l gf;jpg; bgUf;fpy; vd;Dld;

fye;jha;. vdJ mwptpdpy; mkh; e;jha; ? vd;id vg;nghJk;
,d;g bts;sj; jpd; eLntna itj;jpUe;jha;/ ,t;tst[k ;
bra;j vd; ,d;Daph; el;ng/
tpsf;fk;/ ; gpw caph;fs; kPJ ehk; fhl;Lk; ,uf;fj;ij.
jat[. fUiz. ghpt[. ghrk;. ,uf;fk;. <uk; vd;W
Fwpg;gpLk; ts;sw; bgUe;j if ,iwtd; kPJ ehk;
bfhs;Sk; gf;jpia kl;Lnk md;g[ vd;fpd;whh;/
Mjhuk; /;
@vt;tifg; gpuahrj;j pdhyhtJ me;j mUis mila
ntz;Lk;/ me;j mUs; vt;tifahy; tUk; vd;w hy; ? vy;yh
caph;fsplj; jpYk; jat[ k;. gpug";rj;j py; btWg;g[k;.
rptj;jpdplj;jpy; md;g[k ; khwhJ ek; kplj;jpUe;j hy; mt;tUs;
ek;ik mila[k; @
(jpUKfk; 3 ? ciueilg;gFjp gf; 365)
ehd; g[h ptd btyhk; jhd; g[h pe;bjdf;nf

thd; gjkspf;f tha;j;j ed;dl;ng (1182)
ehd; Mw;w ntz; oa bray;fisbay;y hk; jhnd bra;J

vdf;nf btspnahL cwthLfpd; w nkyhd gjj;ij.
epiyia mspg;gjw;f hf vdf;Ff; fpilj;j ey;y el;ng/
318
tpsf;fk;/ ; xGf;f';fspy; gapd;w Jk;. $P tfhUz;a k;

fhl;oaJk; jtk; ,aw;wpaJk; ek; ts;sw;
bgUe;jifna/ MdhYk; jdJ Rje; jpu';f shfpa
$Pt Rje; juk;. njf Rje;jpuk;. nghf Rje;jpuk;
Mfpa K:d;i wa[k; ,iwtdplj;nj xg;g[tpj;J
jdf;bfd xd;Wk; ,y; iybad thH;e ; jjhy; mth;
bra;jbjy;yhk; ,iwtd; bra; jjhapw;W/
cs;sKk; czh;r;rpa[k; capUk; fye;J bfhz;L

vs;S W bea;apy; vd; cs;S W el;ng (1184)
cs;sj; jpYk;. vd;D ila vy;yh ,d;g Jd;g

czh;t[f spYk;. vd; caphpYk; fye; J bfhz;L vs;spDs;ns
vt;thW bea;ahdJ KGikahf epuk;g p ,Ue;J k; ,y;yhjJ
nghy; ,Uf;fpd;wnjh mt;thW vd; cs;ns ehdile;j
vd;Dila el;ng/
brw;wKk; jPika[k; jPh ;j;J ehd; bra;j

Fw;wKk; Fzkhf; bfhz;l vd; el;ng (1186)
vdf;F neuf;Toa jP';f pida[ k;. Jd; gj;ija[k ; ePf; fp

ehd; bra;j Fw;w ';fisbay;y hk; kd;dpj;Jf; Fzkhff;
bfhz;L tps';F k; vd;Dila el; ng
tpsf;fk;/ ; Fw;wbkyhk; Fzkhff; bfhz;L vd;gjw;Fg;
bghUs;/
ehk; Fw;wk; bra; fpnwhk;. mit Fw;we; jhd;/

,iwtndh Fw; wk; g[hpjy; kdpj ,ay;g[ vd;gij ed;F
mwpe; jtd;/ Fw;w k; g[hpe;Jtpl;lhnd vd vz;z hJ Fw;w k;
g[hpjy; kdpj Fzk; vdf; Fzkhff; bfhz;L kd;dpf;; fpwhd;/
Fz';F wp Kjypa Fwpj;jplhJ vidna

mz';fwf; fye;j md;g [il el;ng/ (1188)
vd;Dila Fzk; vg;gog;gl; lJ>
319
vd;Dila thH;f; if yl;rpak; mjhtJ Fwpf;n fhs; vJ>

vd;gdtw; iwf; ftdpahJ vd;idg; gphpahJ vidf; fye;j
vd; md;g[i l el;ng/
tpsf;fk;/ ; vd;Dila Fznkh jPa Fz'; fns ? vd;Dila
yl;rpankh cyfhaj Mirfis miltJjhd;/
,tw;iw ,iwtd; ftdpj;jhy; ek;ik
milthdh> mtd; bgU';f Uiz ek;Kila
Fw;w';f isf; ftdpahJ mUs;tnj vd;W
tpsf;Ffpd;whh;/
gpzf;F k; ngjKk; nga[ynfhh; g[

g [fy;
fzf;F k; jPh ;j;bjidf; fye;j ed;dl;ng (1190)
ClYk;. mgpg; uha ngjKk;. cyfhajj;jhh; iftplhJ
itj;Js; s bfhLf;fy;. th';fy; Mfpa bghUshjhuf;
fzf;F ,tw;iwbay;y hk; nghf;f p vidf; fye; j ey;y
el;ng/
rtiy be";rfj;jpd; jsh;r;rpa[k; mr;rKk;

ftiya[k; jtph;j;bjidf;
jidf; fye;j ed;el;ng (1192)
ftiy nghd;wtw;why; ,isj;j be";r pDila nrhh;t [k ;
gaKk; ftiya[k; nghf;fp vidf; fye;J bfhz;l ey; y
el;ng/
fisg;; gwpe;bjLj;J f; fyf;fk; jtph;j;bjdf;F

,isg; gwpe;J cjtpa vd; caph; cwnt (1194)
VnjDk; jilapdhy; ehd; nrhh;t [ mile;jhy; mij
mwpe; J vid me;j j; jilapdpd;Wk; tpyf;fpf; fyf;fj;ijg;
nghf;fp vdf;F ,isg;g[ (bjhlh;e ;J Kd;ndw Koahj epiy)
Vw;gl;l nghJk; mija[k; mwpe;J cjtpa vd; caph;f ;Fapuhk;
cwnt/
320
jd;idj; jGt[W ju";rpwpjwpah

vd;idj; jGtpa vd; caph; cwnt/ (1196)
cd;idj; jGtp mize;J milaf; Toa gf;Ftnkh

nahf;aijnah bfh"; rKk; mwpe;J bfhs;s hJ ,Uf;Fk;.
vd;idj; jGtpf;b fhz; l vd; caphpd; cwnt/
kdf;F iw ePf;fp ey;thH;tspj;J vd;W k;

vdf;F cwthfpa vd; caph; cwnt (1198)
vd; kdjpny ,Ue;j Fiwfis mjhtJ

Vf;f'; fisg; nghf; fp ey;y Rfkhd thH;ita[k; mspj;J
vdf;F vd;W k; cwthf tps';Ffpd;w vd; caph; cwnt/
Jd;D k; mdhjpna NH;e;bjidg; gphpahJ

vd; cwthfpa vd; caph; cwnt/ (1200)
vd;iwf;Fk; Kot[ vd;g nj ,y; yhJ vd; cs;Sk;

g[wKk; NH;e;J vidg; gphpahJ vd; cwthf tps';F fpd; w
vd; capuhd cwnt/
vd;W k; X
Xh;
h; epiyaha; vd;W k; Xh; ,ayha;
vd;W k; cs;sJthk; vd; jdpr; rj;nj/ (1202)
ve;jf; fhyj;Jk; khWglhj xnu epiya[k ;. xnu

jd;ika[ k; bfhz;L tps';Ftjha; vd;b wd;Dk;
mHpbtd;gjpy;yhJ vd;W k; cs; sJthd vd;Dila xg;gw; w
<L brhy;y Koahj rj;n j/
Fwpg;g[ /; rj;J. rpj; J. Mde;j k; xd; W nrur;

rr;rpjhde; jk; Mapw;W/ ,t;thpfspy; Kjyhtjhd
rj;Jk;. gpd;thpfspy; rpj;Jk; Mde;jKk;
tpsf;fg;gLtJ fhz;f/
321
midj;J y fitfSk; M';fh';FzhpDk;

,idj;bjd mwpah vd; jdpr; rj;nj/ (1204)
vy;yh ctfj;jpYk; cs;s vy;y h $Pth; fSk; M';fh';nf

czh;e; Jk; ,g;gog;gl;ltd; eP vdj;Jspf;Tl cd; id
czuKoahJ tps';Fk; vd;D ila xg;g [ ah;tw;w rj;n j/
tpsf;fk;/ ; ,e;j cyfpy; M';fh';nf ,e; jpahtpy; kl;Lkpd; wp
nky; ehLfspYk; mUshsh;fs; njhd;wp
,iwtidawpa Kw;gl;oUf;fpwhh;f s;/ ,ijj;
jhd; M';f h';FzhpDk; vd; w brhw;b whlh;
Fwpf;fpd;wJ/ mt;thW czuKw;gl;l mUshsh;fs;
n;jhw; wpaJjhd; rka';fSk; kj';fSk; / ,jd;
tpisthfg; gy;yhapuf; fzf; fhd rka kj';f s;
njhd;w pdnt jtpu ahuhYk; ,iwtid
,j;jd; ikad; vd mwpa Koatpy; i y vd;gJ
fUj;J/
bghJkiw KofSk; g[fyit KofSk;

,J vdw; fhpjhk; vd; jdpr; rj;nj (1206)
vy;yhh;f;Fk; bghJtha; tps';F k; ntj';fs; fhl;L k;

Kog[fSk;. mitfs; To tiuaiw bra;a[ k; Kog[fspYk;
Tl ,Jjhd; ,iwtd; vd;W TWjw;F mhpajhd vd;
xg;g[ah;tw; w rj;n;j/
Fwpg;g[/ ; M';fh';Fs;s mUshsh; fs; ,iwtid mwpa
Kw;gl;L mth;fs; mwptpy; vGe;j vz;z';f spd;
tphpnt mt;tr; rka kj'; fspd; ntj E}yhf
tps';fpaJ/ mUshsh; fshy; njhw;wg;gl;l
ntj';fshfpa E}y;fS'; Tl ,iwtidg; gw;wpf;
TWtjw;F mhpjha; cs;s jhk;. me;j cz;ikg;
bghUs;/
322
Mfk KofSk; mit g[fy; KofSk;

VFjw; fhpjhk; vd; jdpr; rj;nj (1208)
Mfk';f s; TWfpd; w Kot[fSk; mitfspd;

tpist[fshd nkdpiyfSk; mila Koahj epiyapy;
tps';Ffpd;w vd;Dila xg;gw;w jdpj; jd;ikahd rj;nj/
rj;J vd;gJ cz;i k/
rj;jpak; rj;jpak; rj;jpak; vdnt

,j;jif tGj;J k; vd; jdpr; rj;nj (1210)
rj;jpak; vd;gJ cz;i k/ me;j thh;j;i j K:d;W

Kiw Twg;gl;Ls; sJ/
cz;ikahdJ. xt;bthUtUila kdjpYk; thf; fpYk;
braypYk; btspg;gl ntz;Lk;/ ,ijg; gw;wpna cz;ik.
tha;ik. bka;k;i k vd tH'; fg;gl;lJ/ cs;n s ,Ue;J tu
ntz;oanj cs; bka;. cz;ik/ thf; fpdhy; tUtJ tha;b ka;
tha;ik/ brayhy; clk;g pny tUtJ bka;b ka; mjhtJ
bka;ik/ bgha; fye;j cs;sj;jpy; ,iwtd; tu khl;l hd;/
vdnt xt;bthUtUila kdjpYk;. brhy;y pYk; braypYk;
rj;jpank tps';f ntz;Lk;/ mt;t hW epd;nwhh; thH;j ;Jfpd;w
vdJ xg;gw;w rj;nj/
Fwpg;g[/ ; bgha; te; j cs;sj; jpy; nghfhz;o
me;jg; g[z;z pad; bghd;d o nghw;W';fo/
bgha;ia xHpj; Jg; g[wg;gl;nld; kd;whLk;
Iaiuf; fz;n ldo. ? mf; fr;r p
Iaiuf; fz;n ldo/
JhpaKk; fle;jnjhh; bghpathd; bghUbsd

ciubra; ntj';fs; cd;D bka;r; rj;nj (1212)
$hf;uj; mtj;ijapny kdk; bray;glhj epiyna Jhpa
epiy/ mija[k; fle; J tps';Fk; xU kh kt[ d epiyapy;
milaf; Toa N:d ;akhd btspapy; cs;s bghUs; vd ciu
bra;fpd;w ntj';f s; tGj;Jfpd;w cz; ikahd rj;nj/
323
md;W mjd; mg;ghy; mjd; guj;J mJjhd;

vd;wpl epiwe;j vd; jdpr; rj;nj (1214)
md;iwf;Fk; mjw;F mg;ghYk; mjw;F nky; mg;ghYk;

mJnt nkyhdJ vd;W TWk; mstpw; F epiwe;J tps';Fk;
vdJ xg;gw;w rj;nj/
Fwpg;g[ /; Kd;thpapy; JhpaKk; fle;j njhh; bghpa thd;
bghUs; vd; whh;/ kfhnjt khiyg; ghlypy;
mg;ghyha;. mjw;fg;ghyha;. mg;ghYf;fg;ghyha;
vd;ghh;/ vy;yhk; fle;J mwptpw; fg;ghw;gl;L
tps';Fk; me;jg; guk; bghUSf; F ,iz
ntwpy;i y mJnt vd;gnj ,e;j thpapd; jpuz;l
fUj;J/
vd;W k; cs;sJtha; v';F nkhh; epiwtha;

vd;W k; tps';fpLk; vd; jdpr; rpj;nj (1216)
vf;fhyj;Jk; mHpahJ tps';Ffpd;w jd;ik cs;sjha;.

m';fp';bfdhjgo v';Fk; g{uzkha; epiwe;J
tps';Ffpd;wjha; vd;W k; ,Ug;gjhd vdJ xg;gw; w rpj;nj/
rj;jpfs; gytha;r;
r; rj;jh;fs; gytha;
,j;jif tps';F k; vd; jdpr; rpj;nj (1218)
,ut[ ? gfy; khwp khwpj; njhw;Wjy;. gUt fhyk;

jtwhJ kiH bga;jy;. gaph; tpisjy;. ku';fspYs; s
,iyfs; N:h pa xspr; nrh; f;ifapdhy; gpuhz tha[it
btspg;gLj;J jy; Kjypadthfr; bray;fs; gytha[k;. ,r;
bray;fisj; jtwhJ elj;Jtpf;Fk; fhuzh; fs; (rj; jh;f s;)
gytha[k; ,it vy;yhkha; tps';Fk; vdJ xg;gw; w rpj;nj/
jj;J tk; gytha;j; jj;J tp gytha;

,j;jif tps';F k; vd; jdpr; rpj;nj (1220)
jj;Jt'; fs; 96 vd tifg;gLj;jg;gl; Ls;sJ/ nkYk;

mz;l jj;Jtk;. gpz;l jj;Jtk; vd ,uz;lhfg;
gphpf;fg;g l;Ls;s J/ ,t;thW jj; Jt';fs; gytha[k ;
324
,j;jj; Jt';f l;F K: yg; bghUsha; cs;sitfs; gytha[ k ;

tps';Ffpd;w vdJ xg;gw;w rpj;nj/
go epiy gytha;g ; gjepiy gytha;

,otw tps';fpLk; vd; jdpr; rpj;nj (1222)
nknyw;W fpd;w tHp Kiwfs; gytha; mtw;wpd; Kotpy;

milfpd;w gjepiyfs; gytha; mtw; wpd; tpisthf cly;
rpijahky; mjhtJ kuzkpyhg; bgUthH;t[ bgw;W
K:h ;j;jh;fs; gytha; K:h ;j;jpfs; gytha;

Vw;g l tps';fpLk; vd; jdpr; rpj;nj (1224)
gpUk;kh. tpc&;Qq. Uj;ud;. knf!; tud;. rjhrptd;

vd;nghh; Ik;K:h ;j;j pfs;/ rj; jpfisr; bray;gLj; Jnthh;
rj;jh; fs;/ mJnghy; K:h ;j;j pfis elj;Jnthh; K:h ;j;j h;fs;/
mg;gog;gl;l K:h ;j;j h;fs; gyh;/
guk;bghUs; xd;nw MdhYk; K:h;j ;jpfs; gytha; mk;
K:h;j; jpfis ,af;F k; K: h;j; jh;f s; gytha[k; Vw;gl
caph; tif gytha; cly;tif gytha;

,aYw tpsf;fpLk; vd; jdpr; rpj;nj (1226)
jhtuk; Kjy; kdpjh;f s; tiu $P th;fs; gytha;.

xt;bthUtif $PtDf;Fk; mspf; fg;gl; l cly;t if gytha;
epajpa[w tps';fpLk; vdJ xg;gw;w rpj; nj/
Fwpg;g[/ ; caphj; jpus; xd;nwahdhYk; kdpj cUt';fs;
xd;W nghy; xd;W ,y;iy/ btt;n tW tif
cly;fs;/ mJ nghy; kpUf';f s; vd; why; ML.
khL. eha;. ehp. ahid. rp';f k; nghd; w
vj;jidnah tif kpUf';f s;/ mj;jid
tifapYk; cly; khWghl;ilf; fhz;fpnwhk;/
nkYk; gwit ,dk;. Ch;td nghd;w
325
midj; jpYk; khWgl;l cly;f s;/ ,tw;i wf;

fUj;j py; bfhz; nl cly;tif vd;whh;/
mwptit gytha; mwptd gytha;

vwptw tpsf;fpLk; vd; jdpr; rpj;nj (1228)
mwpe; J bfhs; sntz; oaitfs; (gf; jp. nahfk;. "hdk;

Kjypad) vt;tsnth ,Uf;f mtw; iw mwpa KayhJ.
mwpgit (cyfpay; tptfhu';fis kl;Lk;) gytha; cs;sd/
,J Fwpj;J vd;id vwpahJ mjhtJ js;s ptplhJ.
xJf;fhJ tps';fr; bra;fpd;w vdJ xg;gw;w rpj;nj/
epidtit gytha; epidtd gytha;

,idtw tpsf;fpLk; vd; jdpr; rpj;nj (1230)
,iw rpe; jid. mUs; mDgt';f s; Kjypa gyt[k ;

epidf; f ntz; oadtha; ,Uf; f mtw;iw ehlhJ cyf
Kfg;gl;l guhf;f py; bghUs; njLtJ. g[fH;n jLtJ.
ntof;if tpndhj';f s; ehLtJ nkYk; bgz; tpc&a ,r;ir.
kz; tpc&a ,r;ir. bghd; tpc&a ,r; ir. Kjypa ,r;i rfs;
gw;wpna epidf;F khW bra; J. ,iw epiyailahJ gphpa[k hW
bra;fpd;w vdJ xg;gw;w rpj; nj/
fhl;rpfs; gytha;f; fhz;g d gytha;

Vl;rpapd; tpsf;fpLk; vd; jdpr; rpj;nj (1232)
mfj;j pny fhz ntz; oa fhl;rpfs; ("hd ehlff;

fhl;rp) gytha; ,Uf;f mtw; iwtpl;L ntW vij vijnah
(ehlfk; rpdpkh nghd; wit) fhQqkhW cyfpaiy mikj;J
itj;Js; s vd;Dila xg;gw;w rpj;;nj/
thd ehlUk; ehlUk; kd; wpny ta';F k;

"hd ehlff; fhl;rpna ehk; bgwy; ntz;Lk;
Cd ehlff; fhl; rpahy; fhyj;i j xHpf;Fk;
<d ehlfg; bghpaPh; fhs; tk;k pndhaPz;n l
326
bra;t pid gytha; bra;td gytha;

va;tw tpsf;fpLk; vd; jdpr; rpj;nj (1234)
bra;a ntz;oa bray;fs; gythapUf;f mtw;iw

ehlhJ cyfpay; rk; ke;jg;g l;l gyntW bray;fns
bra;fpd;wthW mikj;J tpsf;fk; bra;fpd;w vdJ xg;gw;w
rpj;nj
bra;tpid vd;dthapUf;f yhbkdpy; jhdk;. jtk;.
,r;irapd;wp Efh; jy;. ,le;j dpj; jpUj; jy;. bja;tk; guhty;.
gpwt[aph; f;fpu';f y;. bgU';Fzk; gw; wy; . ghog;gzpjy;. gf;j p
bra;jpUj;jy; Kjypad/
bra;td/; gzk; nrh;g;gjw;F k;. g[f Hiltjw;Fk;.
FLk;gj;ij tsh;g;gjw;Fk;. Ra eyj;jpw;Fk;
cyfpay; ,r; irfisg; g{h; j;jp bra;J
bfhs;tjw;Fk; kl;L nk thH;tJ.
mz;l ruhruk; midj;ija[k; gpwita[k;

vz;lw tpsf;F k; vd; jdpr; rpj;nj (1236)
vy;yhf; fpuf'; fSk; nrh;e; jJ Xh; mz;lk;/ me;j

mz;lj;jpny mirt[ cila mndf bghUl; fs; cs;s d/
mit mndfkhf capUs;s $Pt uhrpfshFk;/ mnj nghy;
mirahg; bghUs;fSk; epiwa cs; sd/ ,it mndfkhf
$lg; bghUs;fshf ,Uf;f yhk;/
,t;thW cs;s mz;l ';fisa[k; mz;lj;j pny cs;s
mira[k ; bghUs;f isa[k; mirahg; bghUl;fisa[k ;
kw;W Ks;s vy;y htw;i wa[k; jd; Ml;rpapd; fPH ; epWj;j p
itj;Js; s vdJ xg;gw;w rpj;; nj/
vy;yhk; ty;y rpj;bjd kiw g[fd;wpl

vy;yhk; tpsf;fpLk; vd;jdpr; rpj;nj (1238)
cd;dhy; MfhjJ xd;Wkp;y ;iy/ vy; yhk; bra;af;Toa

Mw;wYilatd;/ ntj';f s;. cd; dhy; Mfhj rpj;J vd;gJ
327
vJt[k; ,y;iy vdf; Tw. mt;thnw vy;yhtw; iwa[k ; epd;

ty;ygj;j pw;Fs; epWj;jp ,af;fpLk; vdJ xg;gw;w rpj;nj
xd;wjpy; xd;bwd;W iuf;ft[k; glhjha;

vd;W k; Xh; goj;jhk; vd; jdp ,d;ng (1240)
,jpy; Xh; ,d;gk; mjpy; Xh; ,d; gk; vd;W Tw

Koahjjha; vf;fhyj;J k; khWglhj xnu jd;ika[ilajha;
tps';Ffpd;w vdJ xg;gw;w ,d;gnk/
Fwpg;g[/ ; rj;J rpj;J Mde; jk; xd;W nrur; rr; rpjhde;jk;
MfpwJ/ rj;Jk; rpj; Jk; Kd;g[ Twg;gl;L
rr;rpjhde; j ,d;gk; ,';F Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ/
me;j ,d;gk; vd;Wk; khWglhj xnu
jd;ika[ ilajha; tps';Ffpd;wjhk;/
,J mJ vd;dh ,ay; cilaJ tha;

vjpuw epiwe;j vd; jdp ,d;ng (1242)
,e;j rr;r pjhde;j ,d;gj; jpw; ; f Plhf ,d;bdhU ,d;gk;

,y;iy/ ,Jt[k ; ,d;gk; mJt[k ; ,d;gk; vd;W ,d;bdhU
,d;gj;i j ,jw;F vjph; Tw Koahj jd; ik bfhz;L
v';Fk; g{uzkha; tps';Fk; vdJ xg;gw; w ,d;gnk/
Mf;F Wk; mtj;ijfs; midj;ija[k; fle;J nky;

Vf;fw epiwe;j vd; jdp ,d;ng (1244)
,e;j clk;gpw;F tuf;Toa vy;y h mtj;ijfisa[ k ;

fle;J ,jw;F nky; njitfs; vJt[k; ,y; iy vd;w
Vf;fkw;w kdjpy; epiwe; J tps';Fk; vdJ xg;gw; w ,d;gnk/
Fwpg;g[/ ; $hf;uj;. brhg; dk;. RGj;j p. Jhpak; vd;g d

mtj;ijfs;. ,itfs; fle;J JhpahjP j
epiyapy; epuhir bfhz;l kdjpy; njhd;Wtnj
epiwe; j ,d;gk; MFk;/
328
mwpt[f; fwptpdpy; mJ mJ mJtha;

vwptw; nwh';fpa vd; jdp ,d;ng (1246)
kdk;. g[j;jp. rpj;jk;. mf';fhuk; Mfpa fuz'; fs;

fle;J mwptha; tps';fp. mwptpdhy; mwpit mwpaj;
bjhl'; fpa fhyj;J mJthfpa mUl; bgU";n$hjp mJthf
epd;W gphpbtd;gjpy; yhJ epd;W X';f tps';Fk; vdJ xg;gw;w
,d;gnk/
tplak; vtw;wpDk; nkd;nky; tpise;J mit

,ilapil X';fpa vd; jdp ,d;ng (1248)
ve;j tpc&akhapDk; mjd; nkYk; nkYk; ,d;gkhdJ

njhd;W khk;/ ,ilbtsp vd;gJ ,y;yhky; x';Fkhk;/
,t;thW ve;bje;j tpc&a';f spYk; ,d;gnk ,ilaPL
,y;yhkYk; ,ilbtsp ,y;yhkYk; nkd;n kYk; X'; f
tps';fpa vdJ xg;gw; w ,d;gnk/
,k;ika[k; kWika[k; ,ak;gpLk; xUika[k;

vk;ika[k; epuk;gpLk; vd;jdp ,d;ng (1250)
rpW rpW Kaw;rpfisf; bfhz;L rpyfhyk;
mDgtpf;f pd;w rpwpa rpwpa ,d;g'; fs; ,k;ik ,d;gk;
vd;gjhFk;/ bgU Kaw;r pahy; gyfhyk; mila[k ; bghpa bghpa
,d;g';f ns kWik ,d;gk; vd;gjhFk;/ "hdpfs; jtj; jpy;
<Lgl;L miye;J bfhz; oUf;fpd;w kdij mlf; f Vw;gLk;
mEgt epiyna xUik MFk;/
,k;ik. kWik vd;gJld; "hd mDgtpfs; TWfpd;w
xUika[ k; vf;fhyj;Jk; tpyFwhJ epuk;gpna tps';Fk; vdJ
xg;gw;w ,d;gnk
Kj;jh;fs; rpj;jh;fs; rj;jpfs; rj;jh;fs;

vj;jpwj; jth;f;F khk; vd; jdp ,d;ng/ (1252)
Kj;jp vd;gJ epiy Kd; cW rhjdk;/ me;epiy

bgw;nwhh; Kj; jh;fs; Mth;/ mth; fs; g{kpapny ,lk;
bgw;wpUf;fpd;wth;fshth;/
329
rpj;jp vd;gJ epiy nrh;e ;j mDgtk;/ ,e;j mDgtk;

bgw;wth; fs; rpj;j h;fs;/ ,th; fs; Mfhaj; jpy; ,lk;
bgw;wth; fs;/
Koe;j Koghfpa rpj;jp epiyf; F Kd; cs;s
Kj;jh; fSk;. rpj;jp epiy bgw;w rpj;jh;fSk;. vy; yhr;
bray;ghLfisa[k ; epfH; j;Jfpd;w rj;j pfSk;.
mr;bray;ghLfl;Ff; fhuz fh; j;juha; tps';Fk; rj;jh; fSk;
nkYk; vt;t pj Mw; wy; bgw; wth;f Sk; chpik bgw;W
mDgtpf;f pd;w vdJ xg;gw;w ,d;g nk/
Fwpg;g[/ ; rr;rpjhde; j ,d;gk; midth;f;Fk; bghJthdJ/
vy;yh epiyfspd; vy;yh capUWk;

capUWk;
vy;yh ,d;g [khk; vd; jdp ,d;ng (1254)
mirtd. mirahjd. Ch;t d. gwg;gd. cWtd.

elg;gd ,g;gog; gy epiyfspy; thH;f pd;w vy;yh caph;fSk;
milfpd;w ,d;g';f s; vy;yhkha; tps';Fk; vdJ xg;gw; w
,d;gnk/
fUk;g [W rhWk; fdpe;j Kf;fdpapd;

tpUk;g [W kpujKk; kpf;f jPk;ghYk;
hYk;
Fz';bfhs; nfhw;nwDk; Tl;o xd;whf;fp
kz';bfhsg; gjk; bra;tifa[w ,aw;wpa
czbtdg; gy;fhy; ciuf;fpDk; epfuh
tzKWk; ,d;g kank mJtha;f;
fye;jwp cUtha;f; fUJjw;fhpjha;
eye;jU tpsf;fKk; etpyUk; jz;ika[k;
cs;sjha; vd;W k; cs;sjha; vd;Ds;
cs;sjha; vd;
vd;wd; caph; csk; clk;g [ld;/
330
vy;yhk; ,dpg;g ,aYW Ritaspj;J

vy;yhk; ty;y rpj;jpaw;ifajhfpr;
rhfhtuKk; jdpj;j nguwpt[k;
khfhjypy; rpt ty;yg rf;jpa[k;
braw;fUk; mde;j rpj;jpa[k; ,d;g Kk;
kaf;fwj; jFe;jpwy; tz;ikajhfpg;
g{uztotha;g ; bgh';fp nky; jJk;g p
Muz Koa[ld; Mfk Koa[k;
fle;bjdJ mwpthk; fdnky; rig eL
ele;jpfH;fpd;w bka;";"hd MuKnj (1255?1274)
fUk;gpypUe; J gpHpe;bjLj;j fUg;g";rhWk;. tpUg;gj;ij

tsh;f;f pd;w ed;F fdpe; j kh. gyh. thiH Kjypa
Kf;fdpfisg; gpHpe;bjLj;j rhWk; RitkpFe;j jPk; ghYk;
jd;ik bflhj Ritkpf; f bfhk;g[j; njida[k; fye;J
xd;whf;fp jPa;e; J nghfhky; gjkhff; fha;r;r p ve; j Kiwapy;
bra;a ntz;Lnkh mt;t ifapy; jahh; bra;ag;gl;l
czbtdg; gyKiw TwpdhYk;. <L,iz ,y; yhJ
mHfha; tps';Fk;/
,d;g kakha; ,jDld; fye;J mwpnt totha; epd;W
kdjhy; vz;zpg; ghh;f; ft[k;. ed; i kna jUfpd;w bgU
tpsf;fKk; brhy; Yf; fl'; fhj rhe; j epiwt[k ;/
cs;sjha;. mHptw;W vd;bwd;Wk; tps';Ftjha;.

g[wj;njad;wp vd; cs;ns cs; sjha; vd; Dila caph;. cs;s k;.
clk;g[l d;
vy;yhk; Mde;j kila khWglhj Rit mspj;J vy; yhk;
bra;aty;y rpj;ij vd;Dila ,ay;ghdjhf;f p
331
rhfhj tuKk; <L ,iz brhy;y Koahj nguwpt[ k ;

jd;idna mh;g;g zpf; fpd; w ngud;gpy; nkhdj;j pdhy; bgwg;gl; l
Mw;wy; kpf;f rf;jpa[k;/
bra;tjw; fUikahd gytpj rpj;jpfisa[k ;.
Mde;jj;ija[ k;. Kk;ky';fSs; xd;whd khiaahdJ
mWgLk;go mspf;ff; Toa Mw;wy; kpf; fjhfpj;
J}ytotj; jpy; v';Fk; epiwe;j g{uz totkhfpa Mde;j k;
cs;ns vGe;J bgh';fp nkYk; JSk;gp ntjk; TWfpd;w
Kot[k;. Mfkk; tpsf;Ffpd;w Kot[k; fle;J vdJ
mwpbtDk; cWjp kpFe;j nkyhd rig eLnt eldk;
,aw;W fpd; w bka;" ;"hd tpistha; f; fpilj;j rpwe;j
mUikahd mKjnk/
rj;jpa mKnj jdpj;jpU mKnj

epj;jpa mKnj epiw rpt mKnj (1276)
cz;ikapy; tpise;j mKnj/ mjhtJ bgha; te;j

cs;sj; jpy; nghfhz;o vd;Wk;. bgha;i a xHpj;Jg; g[wg;gl;nld;
kd;whLk; Iaiuf; fz; nldo vd;W k; TWthh;/ kdk;.
thf;F. fhak; Mfpa K:d;w pYk; bgha; fythJ cz;ik.
tha;ik. bka;k ;ik Mfpa K:d;Wk; bfhz;L xGFnthh;
cs;sj; jpy; kl;L nk ,iwtd; Fog[Ftjhy; rj;j pa
mKjhapw;W /
xg;gw; w bja;t rf;jp kpFe;j mKnj/

mHpah epiy bgw; w epj;jpa mKnj
Fiwtw;w ghpg{uzkhf tps';Fk; epiw rpt mKnj/
rr;rpjhde;jj; jdp Kjy; mKnj

mKnj
bka;r; rpjhfhr tpistUs; mKnj (1278)
rj;J rpj;J Mde;jbkd tps';F k; rr;rpjhde; jj;j pd;

xg;gw;w KGKjyha; tps';Fk; mKnj/
bka;ahdjha; tps';Fk; mwpthfhrkha; cs;s
rpw;rigapy; tpise;j mUs; mKnj/
332
Mde;j mKnj mUs; xsp mKnj

jhde;j kpy;yhj; jj;J t mKnj (1280)
Mde;jj;ijj; jUfpd;w mKnj/ mUs; xspahd

mKnj/ jdf;F Kot[ vd;gJ ,y; yhj jj;Jt mKnj/
et epiy jUk; Xh; ey;y bjs;sKnj

rpt epiy jdpny jpuz;l cs;sKnj (1282)
tpe;J. ehjk;. gu tpe;J. gu ehjk;. jpf;fpuhe; jk;.

mjpf; fpuhe;jk;. rk;nksdk;. Rj;jk; Mfpa vl;L epiy
mDgt';fisf; fle; J xd;gjhtJ epiyahfpa mjP j
mDgtj;jpy; bgwf; Toa rpwg;ghd bjs;s Knj Koe; j
mDgtkhd rptepiy jdpny jpuz;L vGe;j mf mKnj/
bgha;g lhf; fUizg; g[z ;z pa mKnj

ifglhg; bgU";rPh ;f; flt[s; thdKnj (1284)
gyh; fUiz fhl;Lfpd;whh;fs;/ MH; e;J nehf; fpdhy;

g[fGf;f hft[k ;. bghUSf; fhft[ k;. Ra tpsk;guk; nghd;w
jw;bgUikf;f hft[k ; gpwh; nky; fUiz fhl;o eog;gJ
bjhpa tUfpwJ/ ,t;thwhd fUizbay;yhk; cz;ikahd
fUizah>
gpw $Ptd; fs; kP J cz; ikahfnt fUiz fhl;l
ntz;Lk;/ ,J ,iwtd; xUtDf; n f rhj;jpak;/ mtd;
fUiznah bgha;glhjJ ? cz;ikahdJ ? g[z;z pah;f l;nf
fpilf; ff;T oaJ/ ahUila ifahYk; jahhpf;fg;glhjJ/
bgUthH;tspf;f f;Toa flt[ s; jUfpd;w thdKjkhFk;/
cz;ikahd fUiz fhl;Lk; g[z;z pah; f;fhd mKnj ?
ahuhYk; jahhpf;fg;glhj bgUthH;t[ bgw te;j flt[s; vDk;
thd btsp mKnj/
333
mfk; g[wk; mfg;

mfg;g [wk; Mfpa g[wg;g [wk;
cfe;j ehd;fplj;J k; X';fpa mKnj (1286)
mfkhfpa Md;khtpny mf mKjhft[k; kdk;. g[j;j p.

rpj;jk;. mf';f huk; Mfpa fuz'; fspny g[ w mKjhft[k;.
$Ptdpny mfg;g[ w mKjhft[ k;. bka; tha;. fz;. K: f;F. brtp
Mfpa ,e; jphpa';fspny g[wg;g[w mKjhft[k; Mfpa
ehd;fplj;J k; X';fpa mKjnk/
gdp Kjy; ePf;fpa guk;gu mKnj

jdp Kjyha rpjk;gu mKnj (1288)
gdp vd;gJ eLf; fk;. gaj; jpdhy; Vw;gLk; eLf;fk;

Kjyhfpa vy;yhj; JhpRfisa[k; eP f; fpa nkd;ikbghUe; jpa
mKnj/
vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; Kjd; ikj; jhdj;jpy; tps';Fk; rpjk;gu
mKnj/
cybfyhk; bfhs;spDk; cyg;gpyh mKnj

myfpyhg; bgUe;jpwy; mw;g [j mKnj (1290)
cyfj;j hh; midtUk; cz;lhYk; Fiwt[glhj mKnj/

mstw;w nguhw;wy; bfhz;l mw;g[j r; bray;f is
epfH;j ;Jfpd;w mKnj/
mz;lKk; mjd;nky; mz;lKk; mtw;W s

gz;lKk; fhl;oa guk;gukzpna (1292)
mz;lj;ija[ k; mjdjd;nky; mLf;fLf;fha;

mike; Js;s mz; l';f isa[k ; mitfSf;Fs; ml';f pa[s; s
bghUl;f isa[k ; ed;F tpsf;fpf; fhl;L fpd;w guk;gukzpna/
334
gpz;lKk; mjpYW gpz;lKk; mtw;W s

gz;lKk; fhl;oa guhgukzpna (1294)
J}y clk; iga[k; mjDs;n s ,Uf;fpd; w N:l; Rk

cliya[k ; mtw;W s; ,Uf;fpd;w bghUshfpa rptj;ija[k ;
fhl;oa guk; mguk; Mfpa ,uz;oDf;F k; fhuzkhd
guhgukzpna/
epidj;jit epidj;jit epidj;jh';bfa;J w

midj;ija[k; jUk; Xh; mUk; bgwy; kzpna (1296)
vz;zpa vz;z';fs; midj;j pida[k; ehd;
vz;zpathnw mila[k;go vy;yhtw;iwa[k ; mspf;Fk;
mhpanjhh; mUk;bgwy;kzpna/
tpz;g jk; midj;J k; nkw;g jk; KGtJk;

fz;bgw elj;J k; ffdkhkzpna (1298)
Mfhaj;j pny ,Uf;f pd;w nfhs; fs; midj; jpYk;

mjw;Fk; nkyhf tps';F fpd; w ,l'; fs; KGtJk; nehpny
fz;fshy; fhQqkhW elj; jp itf;fpd; w ffd kh kzpna/
ghh;
ghh;g jk; midj;J k; gfh; mo KGtJk;
rhh;g [w elj;J k; ru xsp kzpna (1300)
cyfpYs;s vy;yh ,l'; fisa[ k; mjw; Ff; fPn H cs; s

ghjhs cyfk; vdr; brhy;yg;gLk; ,l';fs; KGtJk;
miltpf;Fk; ru xsp kzpna/
mz;l nfhofbsyhk; miuf; fzj;njfpf;

fz;L bfhz;ol xsph; fiy epiwkzpna (1302)
vj;jid nfho mz;l';fs; cz; nlh mj; jid
mz;l';fisa[k; miuf; fz neuj;j py; nehpy; brd;W fz;L
bfhSk;gor; bra;a[k; fiy epiw kzpna/
335
ruhru caph;bjhWk; rhw;wpa bghUs;bjhWk;

tpuhtpa[s; tps';F k; tpj;jf kzpna (1304)
mira[k ; caph; fs; (jhtuk; jtpu Vida vy;yh

caph;fSk;) mirah caph; fs; (jhtuk; ? ,it ,lk; tpl;L
,lk; efu Koahjit ahjyhy; mirah caph;f s;
vdg;gl;ld) kw;W Ks;s $lg; bghUs;f s; midj;j pYk; gutp
mtw;wpDs;ns tps';Fk; tpj;j f kzpna/
K:tUk; Kdp tUk; Kj;jUk; rpj;jUk;

njtUk; kjpf;F k; rpj;jp bra; kzpna (1306)
gpUk;kh. tpc;&Qq. cUj;j pud; Mfpa K:tUk;. cyfpay;

Mirfis btWj; J mUsilaj; jtj;ij nkw; bfhz;Ls;s
Kdpth;fSk;. gpwth bewpahfpa. mjhtJ Koe;j Koghfpa
rpj;jpf;F Kd; epiyahd Kj;jp mDgtj;i jg; bgw; w
Kj;jUk;. mDgtj;jpd; vy;i yahfpa rpj;jpia mile;Jtpl;l
rpj;j Uk; jant totha; tps';F k; njtUk; tpae;J ghuhl;Lk;
rpj;jp bra; fpd; w kzpna/
jhH;btyhk; jtph;j;J rfkpir mHpah

thH;btdf;fspj;j tsh; xsp kzpna (1308)
,Hpitj; juf; Toa nftykhd bray;fs;

midj; jpida[k; nghf;f p ,t;t [yfj;jpny vd;Wk; thH;fpd; w
kuzkpy;yhj mHpah thH;it vdf;F mspj;j tsh; xsp
kzpna/
etkzp Kjypa eybkyhk; jUk; xU

rptkzp vDk; mUl; bry;t khkzpna (1310)
,Jtiu Twg;gl; l xd;gJ kzpfs; eynk

gag;gdthFk;/ mt;thW eynk gaf;f pd;w xd;gJ kzpfs;
Kjypa ed;i kfs; vy;yhk; jUfpd;w xU rptkzp vd;W
Twg;gLk; mUs; epiwe;j bry;t kpF khkzpna/
336
thd; bgww;fhpa tifbayhk; tpiue;J

ehd; bgw mspj;j ehj ke;jpunk (1312)
(thd; vd;gJ ,lthF bgauhy; njth;fisf;

Fwpg;gjhFk;)
njth;fshYk; miltjw;F mhpjhfpa vy;yhtw;iwa[ k;.
kpf tpiuthf ehd; mila[k;go mspj; j ehjkhfpa ke;j punk/
fw;g k; gy gy fHpapDk; mHpahg;

bghw;g [w mspj;j g[dpj ke;jpunk (1314)
ehd;F a[f ';fs; nrh; e;jij xU fw;gfhyk; vdf;

TWth;/ mg;g og;gl;l fw;gfhy'; fs; vj;j id fHpe; jhYk;
mHpahj mHFld; ehd; tps';FkhW vdf;fspj;j g[ dpjk;
epiwe; j ke;jpunk/
mfuKk; cfuKk; mHpahr; rpfuKk;

tfuKk; Mfpa tha;
th a;ik ke;jpunk (1316)
caph; epiyahfpa @m@ vd;gJk; ,iw epiyahfpa @c@

vd;gJk; mHpnt ,y;y hj @rp@ vd;g Jk; fhw;i wg; gpof;Fk;
Jiwahfpa @t@ vd;g Jk; vy;y hk; xd; n wahfpa tha;ik kpf;f
ke;jpunk/
Ie;bjd vl;bld Mbwd ehd;bfd

Ke;J W kiwKiw bkhHpa[ ke;jpunk (1318)
ekrptha vd;gJ Ie; bjGj; J ke;jpuk;

X enkh ehuhazha vd;gJ vl;b lGj; J ke;jpuk;
rutzgt vd;gJ MbwGj; J ke;jpuk;
rptrpt vd;gJ ehd; bfGj; J ke;jpuk;
Kd;g[ njhd; wpa ntj';fshy; Ie;b jGj; jhYk;.
vl;blGj;jhYk;.
MbwGj; jhYk;. ehd;bfGj;jhYk; bkhHpag;gl;l ke;jpunk
337
ntjKk;
ntjKk; Mfk tphpt[fs; midj;J k;
xj epd;W ythJ X';F ke;jpunk (1320)
ntj';fSk; mjd; tphpt[ fshfpa cgepc&j;J f;fSk;

Mfk';fSk; mjd; tphpt[fshfpa ,jpfhr g[uhz';fSk; ,it
midj; Jk; vt;tst[ jhd; tpsf; f pf; Twpa[k ; mjDs;
ml';f hJk; FiwahJk; X';Ffpd;w ke; jpunk/
clw;g pzp midj;ija[k; caph;g ;gpzp midj;ija[k;

mlh;g wj; jtph;j;j mUl;rpt kUe;nj (1322)
ek; clYf;F tUtJ clw;g pzp/ ek; cw;whh; cwtpdh;

Jaug; gLtJ fz;L ehkiltJ caph;g;gpzp/ ,it
,uz;Lnk beU';fhky; jtph; j;j mUs; rpt kUe;nj/
Fwpg;g[/ ; clypy; Vw;gLk; Cdk;. gpzp Kjypad clw;gpzp/
kdij tUe;jr; bra;a[k; gpwuJ Jaunk
caph;g;gpzpahFk;/
rpj;jpf;F K:ykhk; rpt kUe;bjd csk;

jpj;jpf;F k; "hdj; jpUtUz; kUe;nj (1324)
mila ntz;oa ngwhfpa rpj;j pf;F MjhukhdJ rpt

kUe;J vd csk; ,dpf;f tps';F k; "hdj; jpUtUz;
kUe;n j/
,we;jtbuy;yhk; vGe;jplg; g[hpa[k;

rpwe;j ty;ygKW jpUtUz; kUe;nj (1326)
,we;jth;fs; midtiua[k; kP s caph;g;gpf; ff; Toa

kpfr; rpwe;j Mw;wYila jpUtUs; kUe;nj/
Fwpg;g[/ ; ve;j mDgtk; bgw;wth;fs; ,we;jhiu vGg;g Koa[k ;>
Jhpa kiy nkYsnjhh; n$hjp tsehL

njhd;Wk; mjpy; Iah; elk; bra;a [k; kzp tPL
338
Jhpa kiy nky; = JhpahjP jk;

kzp tPL = bghw;r ig
kuzg; bgUk; gpzp thuhtif kpF

fuzg; bgUe;jpwy; fhl;oa kUe;nj (1328)
kuzk; vd;gJ vy; yhg; gpzpfistplg; bgUk; gpzpahFk;/

me;jg; bgUk;gpzp tuhky; jLf;Fk; bghUl;L g[i lj;J
vGfpd; w kdk;. g[j; jp. rpj; jk;. mf'; fhuk; cs;sk; vd;fpd;w
fuz';f spd; nguhw;wiy tpsf;fpf; fhl; oa kUe;nj/
eiu jpiu K:g ;g it ez;zh tif jUk;

ciu jU bgU";rPh ; cila ed; kUe;nj (1330)
cly; nuhkk; fUik epwk; khwp btSj;J eiu
cz;lhfpd;w J/ cly; njhypy; RUf;f ';fs; Vw;gl;L j; jpiu
cz;lhfpwJ/ ,sikf; nfhyk; khwp clypy; KJik
njhd;W fpwJ/ ,g;gog;gl;l eiu. jpiu. K:g;g[ Kjypait
beU'; fh tz;zk; g[f iHj; jUfpd;w thH;tspf;Fk; rP h ;
cila ey;y kUe;n j/
vd;nw vd;dpDk; ,s
,siknahoUf;
iknahoUf;f
ed;nw jUk; xU "hd kh kUe;nj (1332)
taJ Vw Vw ,sik khwp KJik Vw;gLfpwJ/

Mdhy; vd;W k; ,sik khwhJ ,Uf;F k;go ed;ik jUfpd;w
xg;gw;w "hd kh kUe;nj/
kyg;g pzp jtph;j;J mUs;tyk; jUfpd;wnjhh;

eyj;jif mJbtd ehl;oa kUe;nj (1334)
Mztk;. khia. fd;kk; Mfpa ky';fSk;

gpzpfnsahFk;/ ,e;j nehiaa[k; ePf ;fp mUshfpa Mw; wiyj;
jUfpd;w ey;yjuKilaJ mJ vd;W epiy ehl;oa kUe;nj/
339
rpw;rig eLnt jpUelk;g [h pa[k;

mw;g [j kUe;bjDk; Mde;j kUe;nj (1336)
rpw;rigahfpa g[ Ut kj;jpapd; eLnt mUs; elk;

g[hpfpd;w mw;g[jkhd kUe;J vd;W Twg;gLk; Mde;jkhd
kUe;n j/
,ila[wg; glhj ,aw;if tpsf; fkha; j;

jil xd;W kpy; yhj; jft[ ilaJtha;
khw;wpit vd;d kjpj; jsg; ghpjha;
Cw;wKk; tz; zKk; xU';FilaJtha;f;
fhl;rpf;fpdpa ew;fiya[ilaJtha;
Ml;rpf;Fhpa gd;khl;rpa[k; cilj; jha;
ifjth; fdtpDk; fhz;lw;fhpjha;r ;
bra;jtg; gadhk; jpUtUs; tyj;jhy;
csk; bgWk; ,lbkyhk; cjt[f vdnt
tsk;gl tha;j;J kd; dpa bghd;nd (1337 ? 1346)
FWf;fPoy; yhj ,aw;ifahd tpsf;fkha;j; jilbad;gJ
xd;W kpy; yhg; bgUika[ ilajha;
mjDila juk; ,j;jd; ikaJ vd;W kjpf;fg;gl
Koahjjha; brGika[ k; mHFk; xU';n f cilajha;
fhz;gjw;fpdpa ey;y mwpt[j; jpwd; tha;e;jjha; Ml;rp
brYj;J jw;Fhpa bgUikfs; gy cilajha;/
btWg;gth; fdtpDk; fhz Koahjjha;. Mw;Wfpd; w
jtj;jpd; gadhfpa jpUtUl; rf;jpahy;/
cs;skhfpa mwpt[ v';bfy;yhk; ahUf;bfy; yhk; cjt
vz;Qqfpd;wnjh mt;thbwy; yhk; cjt[f vd;W tsnkhL
fpilj; J tps';Ffpd;w bghd;n d/
g[lk;g lhj; juKk; tplk;g lhj;jpwKk;

tlk; glh eyKk; tha;j;j brk;bghd;nd (1348)
340
Fw;wk; glhj juk; cilajha; tpc&j; jd;ik Vwhj

cWjp cilajha; khWghlilahj ed;ika[k ; cila brk;
bghd;nd/
Kk;ika[k; jUk; xU
xU brk;ikia a[ilj;jha;
,k;ikna fpilj;jp';fpy';fpa bghd;nd (1350)
,we;j fhy thH;t[. epfH; fhy thH;t[. vjph;f hy

thH;t[. Mfpa K:d;i wa[k; juf;Toa xg;gw;w rpwg; ig
cilajha; ,g;gpwg;g pnyna vdf;Ff; fpilj;J ,';nfna
mDgtpf;f tps';Fk; bghd;n d/
tpsf;fk;/ ; Kk;ik vd;gJ Kf;fhynk/ epfH; fhyk;. vjph; fhyk;
vd;git kWf;f ,ayhJ/ ,we;j fhyj;ij
vg;goj; ju Koa[k; vd;w tpdh vHyhk;/
Rj;j rd;khh;f; f mDgtj;jpy; jpiue;J jpiue;J
cSj;jtUk; jpUk;gt[k; ,sik mila Koa[k;/ vdnt
fHpe;J nghd ,we;j fhy thH;t[ kPz;Lk; ju ty;y
bghd;nd vd;W ,iwtidg; ghuhl;Lfpd;whh;/
(Kf;fhyj;Jk; mHpah K:h; j;jk; mile;jplnt vd; w
ghly; thpna Mjhuk;)
kPz;Lk; ,sikailtjw;F Mjhuk;/ ;
tpiue;J tpiue;J mile;jpLkpd; nkjpdpaP hp';n f

bka;ik ciuf;fpd;nwd; eP h; ntW epidahjPh;
jpiue; J jpiue; J cSj;jtUk; ,sik mile; j plt[k;
brj;jth;fs; vGe;jplt[k; rpj; jhly;g[hpa
tiue;J tiue; J vy;yhk; bra;ty;y rpj;jd;j hnd
tUfpd; w jUzkpJ tuk; bgwyhk; ePtph;
fiue;J fiue;J csk; cUfpf; fz;f spy; ePh; bgUfpf;
fUiz elf;f lt[is cl; fUJkpndh fspj;n j
(jpUtUl;g h 5583)
341
vLj;bjLj;J jtpDk; vd;W k; FiwahJ

mLj;jLj;
L j;J X';F k; bka;a USilg; bghd;nd (1352)
vt;tst[jhd; vLj; J vLj;Jf; bfhLj;jhYk;
vf;fhyj;Jk; Fiwt[glhJ kPz ;Lk; kPz;L k; tsh;e; J
bfhz;n l ,Uf;fpd;w cz;i kahd mUSila bghd; nd/
jsh;e;jpnly; vLf;fpd; tsh;e;jpLntk; vdf;

fpsh;e;jpl ciuj;J f; fpilj;j brk;bghd;nd (1354)
vLj;jhy; Fiwa[n kh vd;W jsuhnj ? vLj;jhy;

FiwahJ tsh;nthk; vd cs;skhdJ FJ}fypf;FkhW Twp
vdf;Ff; fpilj;j brk;bghd; nd/
vz;z panjhWk; ,aw;W f vd;bwid

mz;z p vd; fuj;jpy; mkh;e;j igk; bghd;nd (1356)
epidj; j nghbjyhk; bray;gLf vd; W vidaile; J

vd; fuj;jpy; tP w;wpUf;Fk; igk;bghd; nd/
eP nfs; kwf;fpDk; epd;idahk; tpl;L g;

nghnfk; vd vidg; bghUe;jpa bghd;nd (1358)
eP vd; cwt[ vd;g ij ehnd kwe;jhYk; cd;i d ehd;
tpl;Lg; gphpakhl;nld; vd;W Twp vd; i df; fye;j bghd; nd/
Fwpg;g[/ ; ehd; kwe; njd; vdpDk; vidj; jhd; kwthd;
vdJ ehafd;///
vz;z pa vz;zpah';F va;jpl vdf;F g;

gz;z pa jtj;jhy; gGj;j brk;bghd;nd (1360)
vz;zpaij vz;zpathW ehd; mila ehd; bra; j
jtj;jhy; fdpe;J vdf;Ff; fpilj;j brk;bghd;nd/ Mjhuk;/ ;
gz;zpa g{i$ epiwe;jJ rpw; wk;gy el'; fz;L
vz;zpa vz;z k; gypj;jJ ? bka;apd;g k; va;j panjhh;
jz;zpay; MuKJz; ldd; fz; ldd; rhkpia ehd;
ez;zpa g[z;z pak; vd;Diuf;n fd; ,e; j ehdpyj;n j
(jpUtUl;g h 5398)
342
tpz;z pay; jiytUk; tpae;jpl vdf;F g;

g[z ;z pag; gadhy; g{j;j brk;bghd;nd (1362)
tpz;zth; fl;Fk; jiytuha; cs;sth;f s;Tl Mr; rh;ak;

mila[k ;go ehd; bra;j g[ z;zpaj;jpd; tpistha; vdf;F f;
fpilj; j brk;ikahd bghd;nd/
ehy;tif bewpapDk; ehl;Lf vdnt

ghy;tif KGJk; gzpj;j igk;bghd;nd (1364)
rhpia. fphpia. nahfk;. "hdk; Mfpa ehd;F tif

bewpfspYk; xGfp ,iwtid milf vd;W Mz; bgz;
Mfpa ,U ghyhh;f;F k; Mizapl;l gRk;bghd; nd/
vGtif bewpapDk; ,aw;W f vdnt

KGtif fhl;o Ka';fpa bghd;nd (1366)
1) fl;l fYjy; ? ge; jkWj;j y;

2) fuzk; eP f;fpf; fiyafw;Wjy; ? kdklf;f y;
3) fUtpbayhk; fHw;Wjy; ? bghwpalf; fy;
4) khiatpl;lfYjy; ? mth mWj; jy;
5) fUk ky nghjk; aht[k; tpLj; jy; ?
,r;i rapd; wp Efh;jy;
6) rfrky tPf ;fk; ePf ;fy; ? kykWj;j y;
7) Rl;l fd;W epw;w y; ? jtk; bra;J
jdpj;jpUj;jy;
Mfpa VG bewpfspYk; bray;gLf vdf; Twp
epiwthd ngW mila[k; tif fhl;o. vidf; fye;j
bghd;nd/ (Mjhuk;/ ; kl;lfd;w vdj; bjhl';Fk; kfhnjt
khiyg; ghl;L)
vz;z pago bayhk; ,aw;W f vd;bwid

g[z ;z pa gyj;jhy; bghUe;jpa epjpna (1368)
epidj; jgobayhk; bray; gLf vd;W Twp ehd; bra; j

g[z;zpaj;jpd; gadha; vidg; bghUe;jpa (fye;j) epjpna/
343
CHp njhW}Hp cyg;g [whJ X';fp

thHp vd;bwdf;F tha;j;j ed; epjpna (1370)
njhd;w pa cyfkhdJ Kot[ Vw;gLk;n ghJ gpusaj;jhy;

mHpa[k ;/ mJ Xh; CHpf; fhykhFk;/ mt;thW cs; s CHpf;
fhyk; vj;j idahdhYk; eP bfh";r'; Tlf; Fiwnt ,d;wp
cah;e;J thHp vd; bwdf;F tha; j;j ey; y epjpna/
,jKw CHp njhW vLj;bjLj;Jynfhh;f;F

cjtpDk; cythJ
cythJ X';F ed;epjpna (1372)
bghUs; vd;g J rhjhuzkhff; bfhLf;ff; bfhLf;ff;

Fiwe;J Kotpy; jPh ;e;J tpLk;/ Mdhy; ,uf;f j;jpd;ghw;g l;L
nkw;brhd;d CHpf; fhy';f s; njhWk; cyfpy; cs; nshh;f;F
vLj;bjLj;J cjtpdhYk; Fiwt[g lhJ tsh;f pd;w ey;y
epjpna/
,U epjp vG epjp ,ay; etet epjp Kjy;

jpU epjp vy;yhk; jUk; xU epjpna (1374)
r';f epjp gJkepjp vd;W Twg;gLfpd;w epjpa[l d;

vLj;jhYk; Fiwt[ glhJ tsuf; Toa epjpa[ld; g[Jg;g[ J
mDgt';fs; Kjy; mUs; epjp Kjypa midj;ija[ k; jUk;
xU epjpna/
vt;tif epjpfSk; ,e;j khepjpapil

mt;tif fpilf;
fpilf;F k; vd;wUspa epjpna (1376)
vg;gog;gl;l epjpia tpUk;gpdhYk; vitf;Fk; bghpa

rpwe;j khepjpahfpa vd;dplk; te;jhy; tpUk;gpathnw
fpilf;F k; vd;W mUspa epjpna/
mw;g [jk; tps';F k; mUl;bgUepjpna

fw;g id fle;j fUiz khepjpna (1378)
braw;fhpa mw;g[j'; fs; tps';Ffpd;w mUs; epiwe; j

bgU epjpna ? fw;gid vjw;Fk; vl;lhj fUiza[ila
bghpa epjpna
344
Fwpg;g[/ ; ,iwtd; fUiz vj;jd;ikaJ vd;gJ

vtUila fw;gidf;F'; Tl vl;lhjhk;/
ew;F z epjpna rw;F z epjpna

epw;F z epjpna rpw;F z epjpna (1380)
ew;Fz'; fns tps';F fpd; w epjpna/

rj;Jt Fz'; fs; cila epjpna ey;yJ bfl;lJ.
tpUg;g[ btWg;g[ nghd;w ve; j FzKk; ,y;yhj epjpna
gsfpyhJ x';F k; gspf;F khkiyna

tsbkyhk; epiwe;j khzpf;f kiyna (1382)
rpijnt ,y;yhJ X';F k; fz; zho nghd;w bghpa

khkiyna/
vy;yh ts';fSk; epiwe; j khzpf; fk; nghd;w rpte; j
khkiyna/
Fwpg;g[/ ; fz;zho cila[ k; jd; ika[i laJ ? Mdhy;
,iwtndh rpijt[ glhjtd;/ fz; zho vjphpy;
cs;sij mg;gona fhl;Lk;/ cz;L vd;ghh;f ;F
,iwtDk; cz;L/ ,y;iy vd;ghh;f;F
,iwtDk; ,y;i y/ vdnt jhd; fz;zhof;F
xg;ghff; fhl; lg;gl;l J/
kjpa[w tps';F k; kufj kiyna

tjpjU ngbuhsp
ng buhsp tr;rpu kiyna (1384)
g[j;jp jj; Jtkhfpa kd mwptpny tps';Ffpd;w kufj

kiyna ? vd; iwf;F k; mHpah epiy jUk; ngbuhsp tha;e;j
t$;$p;u k; nghd;w cWjpahd kiyna/
ciu kd';fle;jh';F X';F bghd;kiyna

Jhpa nky; btspapy; n$hjp khkiyna (1386)
345
vg;nghJk; VjhtJ xd;i w epidj;Jf; bfhz;n l

,Uf;Fk; kdkhdJ bray;glh epiyapy; mt;tDgtj;jpy;
X';fp tps';F k; bghd; kiyna/
Jhpa epiyf;F nky; njhd;Wk; bgUbtsp mDgtj;jpy;
n$hjpahfg; gpufhrpf;Fk; bghpanjhh; kiyna/
g[w;g [jk; jpiu Eiug[iu Kjy; ,ynjhh;

mw;g [jf; flny mKjj; jz; flny (1388)
g[w;fSk; (g[y ;) g{z;LfSk; miya[k;. Eiua[k;. Fw;w k;

Kjyhfpa vJt[k ; ,y; yhj tw;whj mw;g[j ';fs; epiwe;j
flny ? mKjk; epiwe; J tps';F k; Fsph;r; rpahd rhe;j k;
bghUe;j pa flny/
,Ul;fiy jtph;j;J xspbay;yhk; tH';fpa

mUl;bgU';flny Mde;jf; flny (1390)
,Ushfpa mwpahikiag; nghf;fp. mwpt[ tpsf;fk;

midj; ija[k ; tH';fpa mUs;epiw bgU';flny Mde;j k;
epiwe; J tps';Fk; Mde;jf; flny/
gtf; fly; fle;J ehd; ghh;j;j nghjUnf

ctg;g [W ts';bfhz;L X';fpa fiuna (1392)
gpwtpiaj; jUfpd;w ge;jk; vDk; fliyf; fle;J

ehd; ghh; j;jnghJ Mde;j Kw gy ts';fs; bfhz;L
vd;dUnf X';fpa fiuna/
vd; Jah;r; nrhilfbsyhk; jtph;j;J sk;

ed;W w tps';fpa ee;jdf;fhnt (1394)
vd;Dila Jd;g';f shfpa Fw;w';fisbayhk; nghf;f p

vdJ cskhdJ ed; ikna mila[khW tps';fpa ee; jtdk;
nghd;w g{e;njhl;lnk/
nrw;W ePh pd;wp ew;wP"; Rit jUnkhh;

Cw;W ePh ; epuk;g cila g{e;jlnk (1396)
346
nrw;W ePhpy;yhky; ey;y jP ";Rit juf;Toa Cw;W ePh;

epuk;g cila g{';Fsnk/
nfhiltha; tphpe;j Fsph; jU epHny

nkiltha; tPrpa bky;ypa fhw;nw (1398)
nfhilfhy bta;apypd; btg;ge; jhf;fhjthW

FSikahd tphpe;j epHny ? nkil nky; tPRfpd;w
bkd;ikahd bjd;w ny
(my;yJ)
tpidahfpa btg;gkhdJ jhf;fhjthW jLj;J
kdkhdJ vf;fhyj;Jk; rhe;j khf mjhtJ mikjpahfnt
,Uf;FkhW bra;a[k; gue; j Mjunt ? g[Ut kj;jpahfpa
nkilapny tPR fpd; w bky;ypa g{';fhw;n w/
fisg;g wf; fpilj;j fUiz ed;dPnu

,isg;g w tha;j;j ,d;Rit cznt (1400)
mah;t[k ; nrhh;t [k; eP';F k;gof; fpilj; j ey;y

fUizahfpa ey;y ePnu ? mah;t[ mWgl;Lg; nghFk;go
mjhtJ vg;nghJk; cw;rhfkhfnt ,Uf;Fk;go vdf;Ff;
fpilj; j ,dpa Ritkpf; f cznt/
bjd;id tha;f; fpilj;j brt;t ps ePnu

bjd;id thd; gyj;jpd; jpUF jPk;g hny (1402)
nthpny thh;f;fg;g l;l eP iug; gpd; dh; fhykwpe; J
Rita[ld; jiyahny jUfpd;w bjd; idapd; K: yk; fpilj;j
rpwe;j brt;t ps ePnu
me;jj; bjd;idapny gGj;j nj'; fhiaj; jpUfp
vLj;j kpFe;j Rita[ ila (nj';fha;g;) ghny/
ePh ; eir jtph;f;F k;

k; bey;ypa';fdpna
nth;tpis gytpd; bkd;Ritr;; Risna (1404)
347
ePh; ntz; oj; njhd;Wk; jhfj; ijj; jtph;f ;fpd;w

bey;ypf; fdpna/
nthpy; fha;f ;Fk; nth;g; gyhtpd; ,dpa Rit kpFe;j

gyhr; Risna/
fl;L khk;g Hnk fjypthd; gHnk

,l;l ew;Rit bra; ,ye;ija';fdpna (1406)
fdpe;j khk;gHnk/ ,iwtDf;F fe;j thiHg; gHnk

kdk; tpUk;g[ k; ey;y Rit jUfpd;w ,ye;ijg; gHnk/
g[dpjthd; jUtpy; g[Jikahk; gynk

fdp vyhk; Tl;of; fye;j jP";Ritna (1408)
J}a;ikahd fuz'; fs; brayw;W btspahd epiyapy;

tpise;j g[Jik mDgtkhfpa "hdg; gHnk/
vy;yhf; fdpfisa[ k; xd;W Tl;o fye;jthW cs;s

kpFe;j Ritna/
,je;jU fUk;g py; vLj;j jP";rhnw

gje;jU bty;yg; ghfpd; ,d;Ritna (1410)
kpfg; gf;Ftkhd fUk;gpypUe;J gpHpe;bjLj;j

fUg;g";rhnw/ gjkhd bty;yg;ghF jUk; ,dpa Ritna/
rhynt ,dpf;F k; rh;f;fiuj; jpuns

Vynt ehtpw;fpdpa
fpdpa fw;fz;nl (1412)
kpf ed;whfnt ,dpf;f pd;w rh; f;fiuf; fl;ona

ehtpw;f pdpa Ritaspf;Fk; fw; fz;n l
348
cyg;g [wh jpdpf;F k; cah;kiyj; njnd

fyg;g [wh kJuk; fdpe;j nfhw;nwnd (1414)
Fiwt[ glhj ,dpg;igj; jUfpd;w cah;e ;j kiyj;

njnd ve; jf; fyg;g[ kpy; yhj ,dpa Rit epuk;g cila
fdpe;j bfhk;g[j ; njnd/
eitapyh bjdf;F ez;z pa ewnt

Ritbayhk; jpul;oa J}a jPk;g jnk (1416)
Mirfs; mw;w vdf;Ff; fpilj; j njnd

vy;yhr; RitfSk; xd;W nruj; jpul; oa J}a;ikahd
gjnk
gjk; bgwf; fha;r;rpa gR eWk;ghny

,jk;bgw cUf;fpa ,sk; gR bea;na (1418)
gf;Ftkhff; fha;r;rg;gl;l ey;y gRtpd; ghny

,jkhf cUf; fp vLf;fg;gl;l ,sk; gRtpd; bea;na
cyh;e;jplh bjd;W k; xU goj;jhfp

kyh;e;J ey; tz;zk; ta';fpa kynu (1420)
tho tj';f hJ vd;Wk; xnu epiyapy; ,Ug;gjha;g ;

g{j;J ey;y mHFld; tps';fpa kynu/
,fe;jU g[t pKjy; vt;t [yFaph;fSk;

cfe;jpl kzf;F k; Rfe;j ed; kznk (1422)
,fnyhf nghfj;ij tpUk;g[k ; ,t;t [y f caph; fs; Kjy;

vt;t[yfj;jpYk; cs;s caph;fSk; ,d;g kila[khW kzf;fpd; w
,dpa ed; kznk/
ahGWk; ,irna ,dpa ,d;dpirna

VGWk; ,irna ,ay; mUs; ,irna (1424)
ahH; (tPi z) jUfpd; w ey;y ,irna ? ,dpa njd;

nghd;w r'; fPjnk ? r ? hp ? f ? k ? g ? j ? ep vd;w
349
VG !;tu';fspdhy; milfpd;w ,ir "hdnk ? mUshy;

bgwg;gl;l ,irna/
jpts; xspg; gUtk; nrh;e;j ey;ytns

mtbshL';To mile;jnjhh; Rfnk (1426)
jpuz;l xsp tPR k; ,sk; gUt'; Toa ey;y Fykfns

mg;gog;gl;l ,dpatSld; To milfpd; w Rfnk/
ehj ey;tiug; gpy; ez;zpa ghl;nl

ntj fPjj;jpy; tpis jpUg;ghl;nl (1428)
ehjj;j pd; cr; rj;j py; fpilj;j ey; ybjhU ghl;n l

,irf;f pd;w ntj fPjj;jpny tpisfpd;w jpUg;ghl;n l/
ed; khh;f;fh; ehtpy; etpw;

etpw;wpa ghl;nl
rd; khh;f;f r';fk; jGtpa ghl;nl (1430)
ey;y khh;f;fj;jpy; epw;f pd;w ey;nyhh; ehtpypUe; J

njhd;w pa ghl;nl/
rd;khh;f;f r'; fj;j hh; tpUk;g p Vw;Wf; bfhz;l ghl;n l/
ek;g [W k; Mfkk; etpw;wpa ghl;nl

vk;g yk; Mfpa mk;g yg; ghl;nl (1432)
ek;gpf; if Cl;Lfpd;w Mfkk; tpsk;g[fpd;w ghl;nl/

ek;Kila gyk; mJbtd Mfpa mk;gyg; ghl;nl/
vd; kdf; fz;nz vd; mUl; fz;nz

vd; ,U fz;nz vd; fQqz; kzpna (1434)
vd; kdkhfpa fz;n z ? vd; mUshfpa fz;nz. vd;

,U fz;f s; nghd;W tps'; fp vd; fz;zpDs; tps';Fk;
kzpna/
350
vd; bgU';fspg;ng vd; bgUk; bghUns

vd; bgUe;jpwny vd; bgU"; brany (1436)
vd;Dila bgU kfpH; r;rpna vdJ bghpa bghUns.

vdJ nguhw;w ny. vdJ bghpa brany/
vd; bgUe;jtnk vd; jtg; gynd

vd; bgU"; Rfnk vd; bgUk; ngnw (1438)
vd;Dila bgUe; jtnk vd; jtj; jpdhy; mila[k ;

gand vd; bgU"; Rfnk vd; bgUk; ngwhfpa bry;tnk/
vd; bgU thH;nt vd; jd; thH; Kjny

vd; bgU tHf;nf vd; bgU'; fzf;nf (1440)
vd;Dila bgU thH; nt vd; mUikahd thH;tpy;

fpilj; j Kjy; itg;ng/
rpW bewpf;Fj; jila[z; lhf; fpg; bgU bewpapy; gHf;Fk;
ePjpna/
ed;ik jPi kfl;F hpa gyh gyd;fisj; jUk; vdJ
bghpa fzf;nf/
vd; bgU eynk vd; bgU'; Fynk

vd; bgU tynk vd; bgUk; g[ynk (1442)
vd;Dila bghpa ed;i kna vdJ bghpa Fynk vdJ

nguhw;w ny vdJ bgUk; "hdnk/
vd; bgU tunk vd; bgUe;junk

vd; bgU bewpna vd; bgU epiyna (1444)
ehd; bgw;w bgUtunk vd;Dila bgUe; jFjpna ehd;

gw;wpa bgU bewpna ehd; mile;j bgU epiyna/
351
vd; bgU';F znk vd; bgU';fUj;nj

vd; bgUe;jant vd; bgU';fjpna (1446)
ehd; gw;wpa bgU'; Fznk vdJ bgUk; epidg;ng

vdJ bgU'; fUizna ehd; mile; j bgUk; gjnk/
vd; bgUk; gjpna

gjp na vd;D aph; ,any
vd; bgU epiwnt vd; jdp mwpnt (1448)
vdJ bghpa ,iwtnd. vdJ caphpd; jd;ikna.

vdJ bgU'; Fiwaw; w epiwnt ghpg{uznk. vdJ xg;g w;w
mwpnt/
njhbyyh'; FiHe;jplr; N:H; euk;g idj;J k;

nkbyyh'; fl;lit tpl;L tpl;oa';fpl (1450)
clk;gpd; nkYs;s VG tifj; njhy; fSk; jd; epiy

khwp FiHe;J tps';f mjidr; N: H; e;Js;s euk;g[fbsy;yhk;
g[ilj;J nkbyGk;gpf; fl;L tpl;Lr; brayhw;w pl/
vd;bgyhk; bef;F bef;fpa ypil befpH;e;jpl

bkd;g [ilj; jirbayhk; bka;a [wj; jsh;e;jpl (1452)
vYk;g[f shdJ Kw; wpg; nghd epiyapypUe;J befpH;e; J

befpH; e;J tps';ft[k; clk;gpYs;s bky;ypa jirfbsy;yhk;
cz;ik epiy mile;j jhy; jsh;e;J tps';ft[ k;/
,uj;j kidj;J k; cs;spWfplr; Rf;fpyk;

cuj;jpil ge;jpj;J xU jpus; Mapl (1454)
ey;ypuj;jk;. g[y; ypuj;jk;. fyit ,uj;jk;. fgpiy

,uj;jk; Mfpa ehd;F ,uj;j tiffSk; cs;ns ,Wfplt[ k ;
Rf;fpykhdJ ,Wfp kzpnghy; cUz;L jpuz; ol/
klbyyhk; K:is kyh;e;jpl mKjk;

clbyyhk; Cw;bwLj;njho epuk;gpl (1456)
K:isapYs;s kog;g[fbsy;yhk; tphpe; J kyh;e; jplt[ k ;

mKjkhdJ clk;bgy;yhk; Cw;bwLj;J Xo epuk;gpl/
352
xz;Q qjy; tpah;j;jpl xsp Kfk;Kfk; kyh;e;jplj;

jz;z pa caph;g ;g pdpy; rhe;jk; jJk;g pl (1458)
g[Ut kj;jpahfpa bew;wpapny tpah;i t njhd;w xsp

bghUe;j pa KfkhdJ kyuf; Fsph; e; j K:r;Rf; fhw; wpdhy;
rhe;jk; jJk;gpl/
cz;zif njhw;wpl cnuhkk; bghoj;jplf;

fz;z pdPh ; bgUfpf; fhy; tHpe;njhol (1460)
cs;ns Mde;jk; njhd;w pl cnuhkkhdJ g[sfpj;J

epw;ff; fz;fspny ePuhdJ bgUfp tHpe;J xGfpl/
tha; Joj;jywpl tsh; brtpj; Jisfspy;

Tapirg; bghwpbayhk; Fk;bkdf; bfhl;ol (1462)
thahdJ (cs;n s njhd; wpa md;g[g; bgUf;f pd;

fhuzkhf) Jog;gpdhy; jd;id kwe; J cd; idg; g[ fH;e ;jpl
fhJfspny T vd;w ,irahdJ Fk; vd milj; Jf;
nfl;ol/
bka;bayh'; Fsph;e;jpl bkd; khh;gire;jpl

ifbayh'; Ftpe;jplf; fhbyyhk; Rytpl (1464)
clk;bgy;yhk; (btk;ikaspf;F k; rpdk; Kjypait
eP';fpajhy; btk;ik jtph; e;J rhe;j epiwtha; f;) Fsph;e ;jpl
mjhtJ rhJtha;f; nfhgkw;W tps'; fpl khh;ghdJ bky;b yd
miraf; iffs; ,uz;Lk; Tg;gp epw; ff; fhy;fs; nrhh; e;J
nghf
kd';fzpe;J Ufpl kjp epiwe;bjhsph;e;jpl

,dk;bgW rpj;jk; ,iae;J fspj;jpl (1466)
kdkhdJ befpH;e; J cUfplg; g[j; jpahdJ epiwt[

bgw;W g; gpufhrpf;f mnj epiy fz; l rpj;jKk; g[j;j pa[ld;
,ize;J fspg;gila
353
mf';fhuk; M';fh';F mjpfhpg; gike;jpl

rf';fhz cs;sk; jiHj;J kyh;e;jpl (1468)
mf';f huk; vd; fpw Kidg;g[ v';b f'; nf mjpfhpf;fj;

bjhl';F fpd; wnjh mt;tg; bghGnj mJ ml'; fplt[ k ;
cs;skhdJ ,e;j cyf elg;igf; fhzj; jiHj;J
kyh;e; jpl/
mwpt[U midj;J k; Mde;j khaplg;

bghwpa[Wk; Md;k jw;nghjKk; nghaplj; (1470)
mwpthdJ Mde;j kile;J tps'; f t[k;. bka;. tha;.
fz;. K: f;F. brtp Mfpa bghwpfspd; tHpahfj; njhd;Wk; Ra
eynghfkhdJ tpyf/
jj;J t kidj;J k; jhk; xU';F xHpe;jplr;

rj;J tk; xd;nw jdpj;J epd;W X';fpl (1472)
bjhz;Qq}w;w hW jj;Jt';fSk; xd;W nru tpyfpat[ld;

cz;ikg; bghUshfpa rj;Jtk; xd;nw jdpj;J epd;W X'; fpl/
cybfyhk; tplak; csbtyhk; kiwe;jpl

myfpyh mUspd; Mir nkw; bgh';fpl (1474)
cyfKk; cyf tpla';fSk; ,d; D k; ,Ug;g itfs;
vy;yhk; kiwe;J nghft[ k; mstw; w mUspd; nkYs;s
MirahdJ cs; sj;j pny nkd; nkYk; bgh';fp X';f pl/
vd;D sj; bjGe;J capbuy;yhk; kyh;e;jpl

vd; csj;njh';fpa vd; jdp md;ng (1476)
vd; cs;s j;jpypUe;J vGe;J vd; caphpny kyh;e ;J vd;

cs;sj; jpDs; ns X';fpa vdJ xg;gw; w md;ng/
bghd;do fz;
fz;lUs; g[j;jKJznt
vd;D sj; bjGe;j vd;D il md;ng (1478)
,iwtdJ bghd;dhd jpUto fz; olt[k;. mtdJ
mUsKjkhfpa g[j ;jKij cz;L Ritf;ft[k; vd; cs; sj;n j
njhd;w pa vd;Dila md; ng/
354
jd;idna vdf;F j; je;J mUbshspahy;

vd;id ntjpj;j vd; jdp md;ng (1480)
epd;idna vdf;Fj; je;j J kd;wp epd; mUs; xspahy;

vd;ida[ k; epd; idg; nghy khw;wp tpl;l vd;Dila xg;gw;w
md;ng/
vd;D ns mUk;g p vd;Dns kyh;e;J

vd;D ns tphpe;j vd;D il md;ng (1482)
vd; mfj;jpny mUk;ghfj; njhd;wp kyuhft[k; vd;Dns

kyh;e; J vd; mfKGtjpYk; tphpe; J gue;J tps';F k;
vd;Dila md; ng/
vd;D ns tps';fp vd;D ns gGj;J

vd;D ns fdpe;j vd;D il md;ng (1484)
vd; cs;sj;jpny Fo bfhz;L tPw;wpUe;J vd;

mfj;j pnyna ed;F tpise; J m';n fna fdpe;J tps';Fk;
vd;Dila md; ng/
jd;D ns epiwt[W jubkyhk; mspj;nj

vd;D ns epiwe;j vd; jdp md;ng (1486)
cd;Dns vd;bdd;d jFjpfs; Mw;wy; fs;

epiwe; Js;s dnth mtw; iwbayhk; KGikahf vdf;F
mspj; J vd;Ds;n s epd;idj; jtpu ntwpy; iy vd;Dk;
mstpw;F vd;Dns ePna fye;J g{uzkhf epiwe;j vdJ
xg;gw;w md;ng/
Jd;g [s midj;J k; bjhiyj;bjdJUit

,d;g [U thf;fpa vd;D il md;ng (1488)
Jd;gk; juf; Toait vd;b dd;d cz;nlh mit

midj; jpida[k; xd;W Tl ,y;yhky; eP f;fp vdJlk; ig "hd
clk;ghf;fpa vd;Dil md;ng/
Rj;j njfk; ? mUs; cU
355
gpuzt njfk; ? md;g[U

"hd njfk; ? ,d;g[U
bghd;D lk;g [ vdf;F g; bghUe;jpLk; bghUl;lha;

vd;D s';fye;j vd; jdp md; m d;ng (1490)
bghd;Dly; vdf;F tha;f; f ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfnt

vd; cs;sj; jpy; fye;J bfhz; l vdJ xg;gw;w md; ng/
jd; trkhfpj; jJk;g p nkw;bgh';fp

vd; tr'; fle;j vd;D il md;ng (1492)
cd;trkhfnt khwpanjhld;wp g{uzkhf epiwe;J nkYk;

bgh';fp vGe;J vdJ trk; vd;w xd;W ,y;yhJ epiwe;j
vdJ md;ng/
jd;D ns bgh';fpa jz;zKJznt

vd;D ns bgh';fpa vd; jdp md;ng (1494)
cd;Ds; ns bgh';fp vGfpd;w FSik kpf;f mKij

ehd; cz;Qqk; bghUl; nl vd; Dns bgh';fpa vdJ xg;gw; w
md;ng/
mUs; xsp tps';fpl Mztk; vDk; Xh;

,Us; mw vd;D sj; njw;wpa tpsf;nf (1496)
mUl;gpufhrkhdJ tps';ft[k ; Mztk; vd;fpd;w Xh;

,UshdJ vd; id tpl;L tpyft[ k; vd;Ds; sj;n j Vw; wpa
jPgnk/
Jd;g [W jj;J tj; Jhpbryhk; ePf;fp ey;

,d;g [w vd;D sj; njw;wpa tpsf;nf (1498)
Jd;gk; jUfpd;w jj;Jtf; Fw;w'; fis bay;yhk; (kdk;

Kjyhfpa 96 jj;Jt';fs;) nghf; fp ey;y ,d;gj;i j ehd;
mila vd; cs;sj;nj Vw;w pa jPgnk/
356
kayw mHpah thH;t [ nkd;nkYk;

,aYw vd;D sj; njw;wpa tpsf;nf (1500)
kaf;fk; jUfpd; w khia mWglt[k; mHpah thH;t hfpa

kuzkpyhg; bgUthH;t[ nkd; nkYk; vd;id milat[ k; vd;
cs;sj; jpny Vw; wpa tpsf;n f/
,Lbtsp midj;J k; ,ay; xsp tps';fpl

eLbtsp eLnt ehl;oa tpsf;nf (1502)
bghwp g[y d;fs; midj;Jk; ,ay;ghd xspj; jd;ik

njhd;w p tps';f pl vd; g[ Ut kj;jpahfpa rpw;r ig vDk;
yyhl!; jhdj;jpdLnt epiy bgw;W tps';Fk; tpsf; nf/
fUbtsp midj;J k; fjpbuhsp tps';fpl

cUbtsp eLnt xsph; jU tpsf;nf (1504)
caph;btsp KGtJk; mUl; gpufhrkhfpa xsp njhd; wp

tps';f ,e; j clk;gpd; eLbtsp (rpw;rig) eLnt xsp
jUfpd;w tpsf;nf/
njw;wpa ntjj; jpUKo tps';fpl

Vw;wpa "hd ,ay; xsp tpsf;nf (1506)
jpUj; jp mikf;fg;gl; l ntjj;j pd; KothdJ

tps';FkhW Vw;w pa "hdj; jd;i k bghUe;jpa xsp tpsf; nf/
Mfk Konky; mUbshsp tps';fpl

ntfk jwnt tps';bfhsp tpsf;nf (1508)
Mfk';f s; TWfpd;w Kot[ vJnth mjd; nky; mUs;

xsp tps'; fpl ntfk; bfLj;J (rhe;j kw;w jd; ikna ntfk;
vd;gJ) mjhtJ rhe;jj; jd;ik bfhLj;Jr; rhJthf;fp
tps';Ffpd;w mUs; xsp tpsf;nf/
357
Mhpah; tGj;jpa mUs; epiy mdhjp

fhhpak; tpsf;F k; Xh; fhuz tpsf;nf (1510)
Mhpah;f s; mjhtJ ntj';fis ed; F fw;Wzh;e ;njhh;

nghw;wp tHpgLfpd;w mUs; epiy mdhjpahft[s; s
mf;fhhpaj; ij tpsf;Fk; Xh; fhuzkhft[s;s tpsf;n f/
jz;z pa mKnj je;bjdJsj;nj

g[z ;z pak; gypj;j g{uz kjpna (1512)
Fsph;e; j mKjj;ijj; je;J vdJs;sfj; nj ehd;

bra;j g[ z;zpag; gydhdJ gypf;FkhW epiwe;j kjpna/
ca;ju mKjk; cjtp vd; csj;nj

bra;jtk; gypj;j jpUtsh; kjpna (1514)
ehd; nkd;i kaila mKjj;ij vdf; F mspj;J vd;

cs;sj; nj ehd; bra; j jtk; gypf;f bja;t epiy tsh;fpd;w
kjpna/
gjpbayhk; jiHf;fg; gjk; bgWk; mKj

epjpbayhkspj;j epiw jpUkjpna (1516)
,iwtps';Fk; ,lbkyhk; (clk;bgy; yhk;) jiHf;fg;

gf;Ftk; bgw;w mKjkhfpa bghUisbay;y hk; mspj; j
g{uzkhfpa bja;t kjpna/
ghy; vdj; jz; fjph; gug;gp v";"hd;W k;

nky; btsp tps';f tps';fpa kjpna (1518)
ghy;nghd;W FSikahd xsp gug;gp vd; bwd;Wk; nkyhd

(,iw) btsp tps';f tps';f pa kjpna/
ca';fpa cs;sKk; capUk; jiHj;jpl

ta';fpa fUiz kiH bghHp kiHna (1520)
fy';fpa cs;s Kk; capUk; fyf;fk; ePf; fpj;

jiHj;j plg; bghUj;j khf tps';Fk; fUiz kiHiag;
bghHpfpd;w fUiz kiHna/
358
vd;ida[k; gzp bfhz;L vd;D ns epuk;g

kd;dpa fUiz kiH bghHp kiHna (1522)
vd;ida[ k; cdf;F j; bjhz;L bra;gtdhf;fp vd;Dns

g{uzkhf epiwe;J vd;bwd;Wk; khwhj fUiz kiH
bghHpfpd;w kiHna/
cs';bfhSk; vdf;nf ctif nkw; bgh';fp

ts';bfhsf; fUiz kiH bghHp kiHna (1524)
cs;sj; jpny cd; idf; bfhz;l vdf;n f Mde; jkhdJ

nkYk; nkYk; epuk;gpg; bgh';fp vy; yh ts';fSk; ehd;
mila[k hW fUiz kiH bghHp kiHna/
eye;ju cly; caph; ey; mwpbtdf;nf

kyh;
kyh ;e;jplf; fUiz kiH bghHp kiHna (1526)
clYk; capUk; eyk; bgWkhW ey;ywpt[ vdf;nf

tps';FkhW fUiz kiH bghHpfpd; w kiHna/
J}a;ikahy; vdJ Jhpbryh ePf;fp ey;

tha;ikahy; fUiz kiH bghHp kiHna (1528)
J}a;ik vd;w vdJ xg;gw;w xGf; fj;jpdhy; vdJ

Fw;w';f s; midj;j pida[ k; nghf; fp ey;y rj;jpa
thrfj;j pdhy; fUiz kiHiag; bghHpfpd; w kiHna
btk;ky ,utJ tpo jUze;jdpy;

brk;ikapy; cjpj;J sk; jpfH;e;j br";Rlnu (1530)
btk;ik jUfpd; w Mztk; khia fd;kk; vd;fpd;w

ky ,UshdJ tpyFk; neuj;jpy; brk;ikahd kdjpy;
cjpj;J cs; sj;j pny tps';F fpd; w br";Rlnu/
jpiubayhk; jtph;j;J r; brt;t p cw;wh';nf

tiubayhk; tps';f ta';F br";Rlnu (1532)
kiwg;ig bayhk; nghf;f pr; brt;itahf vidaile;J

vy;yh Kog[fSk; vdf;F tps';FkhW tps';Fk; br";Rlnu/
359
myfpyhj; jiyth;fs; muR bra; jj;J t

cybfyhk; tps';f X';F br";Rlnu (1534)
mstw;w jiyth;f s; Ml;r p bra;fpd;w jj;Jt

cyf';f s; vy;yhk; tps';f X';F fpd; w br";Rlnu/
Kd;D W ky ,Us; KGtJk; ePf;fpna

vd;D s tiunky; vGe;j br";Rlnu (1536)
vdf;F Kd; jhdhfnt mJthfnt te;J

bfhz;o Uf;f pd;w Mztk; khia fd;kk; Mfpa ky
m";"hdj;i j KGtJk; nghf; fp vdJ J}a cs;s khfpa
kiynky; njhd;w pa br";Rlnu/
Fwpg;g[/ ; ky ,Us; jhd; Kjypy; tUkhk;
Mjpa[k; eLt[ld; me;jKk; fle;j

n$hjpaha; vd; csk; N:H;e;j bka;r; Rlnu (1538)
Muk;gk;. eL. Kot[. vd;w brhw; fSf;nf mg;ghy;
gpufhrkha; vd; cs;sj;jpy; N:H ;e;j bka; ahd Rlnu/
cs; xsp X';fpl caph; xsp tps';fpl

bts;bshsp fhl;oa bka;a Ul;fdny (1540)
n$hjpa[ l; n$hjpa[l; n$hjpahd brt;b thsp tps';ft[ k ;

caph; xspahdJ tps';FkhW bra;at[ k; btz; ik tz;zk;
cila ngbuhspiaf; fhl;oa cz; ikahd mUl;fdny/
ey';bfhsg; g[hpe;jpL "hd ahfj;jpil

ty"; RHpj;J vGe;J tsh;e;j bka;f; fdny (1542)
ed;ikna mspg;gjw;fhfg; g[hpa[k; "hd ahfj;j pny

tyg;ghfkhfr; RHpj; J vGe;J tsh;e ;j bka;f; fdny/
Fwpg;g[/ ; "hd ahfk; vd;gJ jtk;/
360
ntjKk; Mfk tphpt[k; guk;gu

ehjK'; fle;j "hd bka;f; fdny (1544)
ntj';fSk;. Mfk';fSk; mitfspd; tphpt[f shd

cgepc&j; Kjypadt[k; nkyhd ehj mDgtKk; fle;j "hd
bka;f; fdny/
vz;z pa vz;z pa vy;yhe;ju vDs;

ez;z pa g[z ;z pa "hd bka;f; fdny (1546)
ehd; vz;zpathnw vy;y htw;i wa[k; vdf;fUs vd; Ds;

te;jile;j g[ z;zpak; epiwe; j "hd bka;f;f dny/
tyKW Rj;j rd;khh;f;f epiybgW

eybkyh kspj;j "hd bka;f;fdny (1548)
Mw;wy; kpf; f Rj; j rd; khh; f;f epiy jUfpd; w

ed;ikfis bay;yhk; vdf;F mspj;j "hd bka;f; fdny/
Fwpg;g[/ ; Rj;j rd;khh;f; f epiy
gpw caph;fl;F Vw;glf; Toa ,ila{Wfis bay;yhk;
tpyf;fp mjdhy; Vw;glf; Toa kfpH;r; rpapy; jpisg;gJk;
"hd mDgtj;jpy; ,e;jphpa'; fSk; fuz';fSk; fle;j epiy
bgWtJnk Rj;j rd;khh;f;f epiyahFk;/
,ubthL gfypyh ,ay; bghJ elkpL

guk ntjhe;jg; guk; gu";Rlnu (1550)
,ut[ gfy; mw;w ,lj;nj epidg; g[ kwg;g[ mw;w

,lj;nj "hd g{uz Mfhak; vDk; bghJtpy; elkpLfpd; w
nkyhd ntjj; jpd; Kothd gu"; Rlnu/
tu epiw bghJtpil tsh;jpU elk;g [hp

guk rpj;jhe;jg; gjp gu";Rlnu (1552)
tu';fs; epiwe;j "hd g{uz Mfhak; vDk; bghJtpy;

tsh;e;J bja;t elk;g[h pfpd;w nkyhd rpj;j he;j j;jpd;
gjpahfpa gu";Rlnu/
361
rkur rj;jpar; rigapy; elk;g [hp

rkur rj;jpaj; jw;Ra"; Rlnu (1554)
vj;Jiza[k; ngjKwhj rk nehf;Fk;. bgha; fythj

rj;jpaKk;. epiwe;j cs;s khfpa rigapny xspahf elk;g[hpa[ k ;
vy;yhr; rkaj;jhh;f;Fk; bghJthfpa jhdhfpj; njhd;w p
tps';F"; Rlnu/
rig vdJsk; vdj; jhdkh;e;bjdf;nf

mgak; mspj;jnjhh; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (1556)
vdJ cs;s j;ij eP tps';F k; rigahff; bfhz;L

mjpny eP (jhd;) mkh; e;J vdf; nf mgak; mspj;j
mUl; bgU";n $hjp/
kUbsyhk; jtph;j;J tubkyh'; bfhLj;nj

mUsKjUj;jpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (1558)
cz;iknghy; njhw;wkspf;Fk; bgha;ahdtw;iwj;

jtph;j; J vy;y h tu';f isa[k ; mspj;n j mUsKij vdf;F
Cl;oa mUl; bgU"; n$hjp/
thHp epd; nguUs; thHp epd;bgU";rPh ;

MHp xd;wspj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp (1560)
vd;id MUkwpahJ kze; J bfhz;l mUl;bgU"; n$hjpna

thHp epd;D ila bgUik kpf;f mUs;/ thHp epd;Dila
bgU";bry;tk;/
vd;ida[k; bghUbsd vz;z p vd; csj;nj

md;ida[k; mg;gDkhfp tPw;wpUe;J
cyfpay; rpwpJk; csk; gpoah tif
myfpy; nguUshy; mwptJ tpsf;fpr;
rpWbewp bry;yhj; jpwdspj;J mHpahJ
cWbewp czh;r;rp je;J xspa[wg; g[hpe;J
rhfhf; fy;t papd; jubkyhk; czh;j;jpr;
p r;
362
rhfh tuj;ija[k; je;J nkd; nkYk;

md;iga[k; tpistpj;J mUl;ngbuhspahy;
,d;iga[k; epiwtpj;J vd;ida[k; epd;ida[k;
XUUthf;fp[ ahd; cd;dpagobayhk;
rPUwr; bra;J aph;j; jpwk; bgw mHpah
mUsKjspj;jid mUs; epiy Vw;wpid
mUswptspj;jid mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (1561?1574)
vd;ida[ k; xU bghUl;l hf vz; zp vd; cs; sj;j pny
fUizahfpa md;idahft[k; mwpthfpa mg;gDkha;
epiwe; J tps';FtJld;
,e;j cyf tptfhu';fs; vJt[ k;. xUJspa[k; vd;
cs;sj; jpny gw;w htif mstpy;y hj epd; nguUshy; ehd;
mwpe; J bfhs;s ntz; oatw;i w vdf;F tpsf;f pf; fhl; or;
rpW bewp. jP bewp vjpYk; bry;yhjthW cWjpiaa[k ;
ty;yikiaa[k; je;J ehd; mila ntz;oa mjhtJ
bgUbewp bry;tjw;Fhpa czh;r ;rpahdJ vd;Wk; mHpahJ
tps';Fk;g o je; J mUl;ngbuhspahy; vy;yh tpsf;f ';fisa[k;
mwpe; J bfhs;s r; bra;J
rhfhj fy;t papd; mDgt epiyfisbay;yhk; ehd;
ed;whf czUk;g or; bra;J. vd;W k; rhfh tuj;ija[ k ;
mspj; J. nkYk; nkYk; cd; kPJ gf;j pia tpistpj;J mUs;
epiwe; j ngbuhspapdhny ,d;gj;i jf; Fiwtpd;w pg; g{uzkhf
vdf;F epiwa[ k;gor; bra; J vd;ida[ k; epd;i da[k;
Xh; cUthf;fp ("hd tothf;f p) ehd; ntW eP ntW
vd;wpy;yhJ xd;W gLj; jp ehd; vz;zpagobay;y hk;
rpwg;gilar; bra;J capuhdJ jplk; bgw;W vd;Wk; thH.
mHpahj mUsKjj;ij mspj;jPh ;. vd; id mUs; epiyf;F
Vw;wpdPh;. vdf;F mUs; epiwe; j mwpita[k; mspj; jPh;/
363
bty;f epd; nguUs; bty;f epd; bgU";rPh ;

my;fypd; nwh';fpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (1576)
vdJ kd khiaia cdJ nguUshdJ btw; wp

bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/ c';fs; bgU"; rPuhdJ btw;wp bgw
ntz;Lk;/ g{uzkhf v';Fk; epiwe;j mUl;bgU"; n$hjp/
nkYk; rpwpa tpsf;fk;/ ;
thpfs; 1561ypUe;J kPz;Lk; gof; f t[k;/ ,iwtd;
ts;syhh;f;F mspj;j thH;t[ vj;jd; ikaJ vd;W
rpe;jpa[';f s;/ ,t;tst[ bghpa epiy je;j ,iwtidg;
gpd;tUk; thpfspy; cs;s Jnghy; nghw; wp epd;nguUs; nghw;wp
epd; bgU";rPh ; vd;W ghuhl;lhJ bty; f epd; nguUs; vd;W
Vd; vGjpdhh;>
kdk; khiaf;F moik my; yth/ ,iwtd; ju
ntz;oa midj;ija[k ; je;J tpl;lhh;/ ,iwtd; je;j nguUs;
bgU";rP iutpl. khiaahfpa kdk; Mw; wy; bgw;wjha; ,Ue; J
tpl;lhy;. vd;d bra;tJ> me;jg; nguUs;T l kdkhd
khiaaplk; njhy;tpfhz tha;g;g [ cz;nlh> mUspaypy;
vd;id <h;f;Fk; epd; nguUSf;Fk; cyfpaypy; vd; idj;
js;Sk; khiaapd; moikahfpa kdjpw;F k; nghuhl;lk;
Vw;gl;l hy;. ,iwth mUisf; bfhLj;J tpl;n lhnk vd;W
ngrhky; ,Ue; J tplhnj/ xU je;ijapd; flik jd;
bgz;Qqf;Fj; jpUkzk; bra;Jtpj;J ntz;oa rPh;thpirfis
mspj; Jf; fztDld; mDg;gptpl;l hy; kl;Lk; Koe;J
tpLtjpy;i y/ m';F jd; bgz; ed;whf thH; fpd; whsh
vd;W k; fz;f hzpf;f ntz;Lk;/ mt;thnw cd; nguUis
khiaapd; moikahfpa kdk; btd;W tplhky; eP ghh;j ;Jf;
bfhs;thahf/ vd; kdij epd; nguUs; bty; yl;Lk;/ epd;
bgU";rP h; bty;yl;Lk; vd;W gpuhh;j ;jpf; fpd;whh;/
364
cyFaph;j; jpubsyhk; xsp bewp bgw;wpl

,yFk; Ie;bjhHpiya[k; ahd; braj; je;jid (1578)
cyfpny ,Uf; fpd; w vy; yh $Pth;f Sk; xsp bewp
milag; gilj;jy;. fhj; jy;. JhpR ePf;Ftpj;jy;. gf;Ftk;
tUtpj;j y;. tpsf; fk; bra;tpj; j y; Mfpa Ie;J
bjhHpy;fisa[k; ehd; bra;a [k;goj; je;jP nu/
nghw;wp epd; nguUs; nghw;wp epd; bgU";rPh ;

Mw;wypd; X';fpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (1580)
vy;iyaw;w Mw;wypdhy; ahtw;wpDk; rpwg;g[ilajha;
tps';Fk; mUs; epiwe;j xsp totha; j; njhd;wpatnu/ cd;
nguUs; nghw;wg;gLtjhf cd; rPUk; nghw;wg;gLtjhf/
K:tUk; njtUk; Kj;jUk; rpj;jUk;

ahtUk; bgw;wplh ,ay; vdf;fspj;jid/ (1580)
gpUk;kh. tpc;&Qq. Uj;ud; Mfpa K:tUk;. kw;iwa

njth;fSk; Kj; jh;fSk;. rpj; jh;fSk; ahtUk; ,Jtiu
milahj ,ay; ig vdf;fspj;jha;/

ty;ygj;j py; X';fpa mUl; bgU";n $hjp Mz; ltnu

j';fspd; nguUs; nghw;wg;gLtjhf ? j';fspd; bgU";rP Uk;
nghw;wg; gLtjhf/
rpj;jpfs; midj;ija[k; bjsptpj;bjdf;nf

rj;jpa epiy jidj; jatpdpy; je;jid (1586)
rpj;jpfs; vy;y htw;i wa[k; vdf;Fj; bjspthf ed;F
mwptpj;J. rj;jpa epiyiaa[ k; cdJ jatpdhy; vdf;F
mspj; jid/
365
nghw;wp epd; nguUs; nghw;wp epd; bgU";

bgU";rPh ;
rf;jp kpFe;J X';fpa mUl; bgU"; n $hjp Mz;ltnu

j';fspd; nguUs; nghw;wg;gLtjhf/ j';f spd; bgU";rPU k;
nghw;wg;gLtjhf/
cyfpdpy; caph;fSf;F Wk; ,ila{bwyhk;

tpyf ePa ile;J tpyf;F f kfpH;f (1590)
,e;j cyfj;j py; $Pt h;fs; gLk; Jd;g';fis eP (mj;

Jd;g';f is) mile;J tpyf;Fthahf ? Jd;gk; eP';f p mit
mila[k ; ,d;gk; fz;L eP kfpH;thahf/
rpW tpsf; fk;/ ;
eP mile;J vd;gjw;F m';F brd; W vd;W bghUs;
gz;zf; TlhJ/ Vbddpy; Rj;j njfk; bgw;wth; fshy;
,Ue;j ,lj; jpypUe; J bfhz;nl vija[k; bra;a Koa[k;/
rhpj;j puj; jpy; cw%kha{d; ve;j nehahy; tUe;jpdhnuh
me;j nehia mtuJ je;ij ghgh; gpuhh; j;jidahy; jhd;
mile; J jd; kfidf; fhg;ghw; wpdhuhk;/ mjhtJ kfd;
nehiaj; jhd; mile; J fhg;g hw;w pdhh;/
xU Kiw tlY}h; rj; jpa jUkr; rhiyapy; gzpg[hpe;j
mj;jid ngUf;Fk; fha;r; ry; fz;L tpl;ljhk;/ ek;
bgUkhdhh; xt;bthUthplKk; jhd; brd;W @vdf;Ff;
bfhLj;J tpLfpwhah@ vd;W nfl;lhuhk;/ vy;nyhuJ
fha;r;r Yk; ,tUf;F te;J tpl; ljhk;/ ,th; mdy; kakhf
xU g[wk; rw;W neuk; mkh;e ;J jd;idf; Fzg;gLj; jpf;
bfhz;l huhk;/ m';F gzp g[hpe;jth; fs; m;gnghnj Fzkile;J
tpl;lhh;fshk;/ cyfpy; $Pth;fs;gLk; Jd;gj;ij ts;syhh;
mile; J $Pth;fisf; fhg;g hw;Wthh;/ ,J ts;syhUf;F
Mz;ltd; ,l;l fl;lis/ ,ij ts;syhh; kPw khl;l hh;/
,e;j cyf kf; fs; ,ij ed;F czh;e; J j'; fSf;F
,ila{W neU';fhy; ts; syhhplk; Kiwapl ntz;Lk;/
Mz;ltd; fl;l isg;go me;j caph; fSf;Fw;w ,ila{iw
366
ts;syhh; eP f;Fthh;/ ,e;j mjpfhuj; ij Mz; ltd; ntW

ahUf;Fk; mspj; jjhf tuyhW ,y;iy/ vdnt ts; syhiu
kl;Lk; ntz;o ,ila{Wfis mWj;J vwpnthk;/
Rj;j rd;khh;f;f Rf epiy bgWf

cj;jkd; MFf X';F f vd;wid (1592)
Rj;j rd;khh;f; f Rf epiy mDgtj; ijg; bgWthahf/

cj;jkdhfp X';f p tsh;thahf vd;W Twpid/
Rj;j rd;khh;f; f Rf epiy/;
vy;yh $Pth;f splj; Jj; jat[k; gpug";rj;j pd; kP J
btWg;g[k; ,iwtd; kPJ khwhj md;g[ k; bfhz;L.
$PtfhUz;aj;j hYk; xGf;fj; jpdhYk; gf; jpapdhYk;
jtj;jhYk; ,iwaUs; bgw;W mt;t Ushy; gpw caph;f s;gLk;
Jd;gj;i j epth;j ;jp bra;J rpw;r igapy; guehj epiy
mDgtj;jpy; ngbuhsp fz;L. bjs;sKjk; cz;L.
bghw;rigapy; bghd; bdhsp fz;L "hd rigapy;
brt;bthspa[ld; fyf;fg; bgw;W ,; j;J}y njfj;ijr; Rj;jg;
gpuzt "hd njfkhf Mf;f pf; bfhz;L vf; fhyj;J k;
vjdhYk; jilglhj xg;gw;wg; nghpd;gg; bgUthH; itg; bgw;W
,;j;J}y njfj; ijna epj;jpa njfkhf;fp vd;Wk; mHpahky;
flt[s; kakhfp thH;jny Rj; j rd;khh; f;fr; Rf epiy
xUthW/

vy;yhtw;wpDk; rpwe; j Mw;w iy cila

mUl; bgU";n $hjp Mz;ltnu epd; nguUs; nghw; wg;gLtjhf
epd; bgU";r Ph; nghw;wg;gLtjhf/
mUl;bgU";n$hjp mUl;bgU";n$hjp
mUl;bgU";n$hjp mUl;bgU";n$hjp (1596)
Vkrpj; jp. rhfhf;f y;tp. jj; Jt epf;fpuk; bra; jy;.

flt[s; epiyawpe;J mk;kakhjy; Mfpa ehd;F bgUk;
367
g[Uc&hh;j ;j'; fisa[ k; mspj;Jtpl; O h;/ Fw;wnk totha; ,Ue;j

vd;Dila kdk;. g[j ;jp. rpj;jk;. mf';fhuk; Mfpa ehd;F
fuz';fSk; Fw;w k; eP ';fpg; g[dpjkhapd/ rpw;rig. bghw;rig.
"hdrig. Mfpa K:d ;W rigfspYk; tps';Fk;
mUl; bgU";n $hjp Mz; ltnu te;jdk;/
Kr;Rlh;fSk; xsp bgw mUSk; mUl; bgU";n $hjp
Mz;ltnu te;j dk; te;jdk;/
mz;l j;jpy; ehd;F ,l';f spYk;

gpz;lj; jpy; ehd;F ,l';fspYk;
flt[l; gpufhrk; fhhpaj;jhYs;sJ/
mitahtd/;
mz;lj;jpy; gpz;lj; jpy;
mfk; mf;fpdp Md;kh
mfg;g[wk; N:hpad; $Ptd;
g[wk; re;jpud; kdk; g[ j;jp rpj;jk;
mf';f huk;
cs;sk; Mfpa
me;jf; fuz';f s;/
g[wg;g[wk; el;rj; jpuk; bka;. tha;. fz;.
K:f;F. brtp
Mfpa ,e;jphpa';f s;
vy;yhk; ty;y rpj;J vdf;f spj; J gpUk;kh tpc;&Qq
Uj;ud; knf!;tud; rjhrptd; Mfpa ItU'; Tlf; fhzf;
fpilf; fhj mUl;bgU";n$hjp ,iwtd; vdJ Md;k htpYk;.
vdJ $PtdpYk;. vdJ fuz';fspYk;. vdJ
,e;jphpa';f spYk; Mf ehd; vd;W brhy;yf; Toa ehd;F
,l';fspYk; fye;J bfhz; ljhy; vdJ mfk;. mfg;g[wk;.
g[wk;. g[wg;g[wk; Mfpa ehd;Fk; vdjhf ,y;yhky;
mtDilajhfptpl;lJ/ mtnd ,itfs; vy;yhkha;
tps';Ftjhy; me;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp vd;Ds; ghpg{uzkhff;
fye;J tps';Ffpd;wJ/ vdJ Md;k h Kjy; ,e; jphpa';fs;
368
tiu ehd;F ,l';fspYk; fye;J tps';Ffpd;w

mUl; bgU";n $hjp vd; Mz;ltnu vd;idj; jhdhf;f pa
mUl; bgU";n $hjp Mz; ltnu te;jdk;/
Fwpg;g[/ ; vy;yh ,iw mDgt';fisa[k; ts;s yhh; bgw;W
,iwtdhfnt Ie;bjhHpYk; bra;a f; Toa
Mw;wy; bgw;wtuhfjhd; tps';Ftija[k ;
mtUila mfk;. g[wk;. mfg;g[wk;. g[wg; g[wk; Mfpa
ehd;Fk; mUl;bgU";n$hjpahfnt tps';Ftija[k ;
czh;j; jnt mUl;bgU";n$hjp ehd; F Kiw
tpspf;fg;gl;lJ/
jp UtUl;gpufhr ts;s yhh;

jpUtofns ruzk;
ts;sy; kyuo thH; f thH;f
vy;yh caph; fSk; ,d;g[w ;W thH; f
,uhkyp';f mgak; Jiz
369
,uhkyp';f mgak; Jiz
,g;g[j;jfk; btsptug; bghUSjtp bra; j

g[z;zpathd;fs;/ ek; bgUkhdhh; ey; yUs; Jiz bgw;Wr;
Rfkhf ePL thH;thh;fshf/
jpUthsh; fs;
1/ rk;ge;j k; mth;f s;. rRrr r';fk;. rPh; fhHp

2/ gunk!;tud; mth;f s;. bg'; fS:h;
3/ Uj;uK:h;j ;jp mth;f s;. bg';fS:h;
4/ C.V. jphpg[uhe;jfd; mth;fs;. brd; id
5/ jpU/ V. rk;gj; mth; fs;. brd;i d
6/ e/ tujuhrdhh; mth;fs;. brd; id
7/ e/ rhe;j p "hdKj; J mth;fs;. brd;i d
8/ gh/ ,uhkyp';f k; mth;fs;. brd;id
9/ jpUkjp/ fkyk;?ghyKUfhde;jk; mth;f s;. brd; id
10/ jpUkjp/ rptfhkp mk;k hs;. bg';fS:h ;
11/ g[yth; fnzrd; mth;fs;. irij
12/ jpUkjp/ ky;y pfh mth; fs;. brd;i d
13/ jpUkjp/ rFe;j yh?rptuh$d; mth;fs;. brd;id
14/ jpUkjp/ n$hjp nfhjz; lk; mth; fs;. brd;id
15/ jpU/ M. b$ar;re;jpud; mth;f s;. brd;i d
16/ jpU/ M. Re;juk; mth;fs;. brayhsh;.
rd;khh;f;f r'; fk;. njdhk;ngl;i l. brd;id
17/ jpU/ rptjl;rpzhK: h;j; jp mth;f s;. brd; id
18/ jpU/ f/ ehfyp';fk; mth;fs;. brd; id
19/ jpU/ f/ Vfhk;guk; mth;f s;. brd;id
370
371

Arutperumjothi Agaval Urai

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Arutperumjothi Agaval Urai

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

This ebook can be downloaded from

,uhkyp';f mgak; Jiz

mUl;bgU";n$hjp mfty; ? ciu

cyfpny ,Jtiu njhd; wpa kfhd; fSk;. "hdpfSk;

irt Kjyhf ehl;L k; ? gy

rka';fbsy;y hk; jdpj; jdpf; fhl;L k;

vy;yhr; rkaj;jhUf;Fk; bghJthf ,iwtd; xUtd;

tz; zk; ntbwdpDk; tot[ ntbwdpDk; kd;dpa cz; ik

jpU mUshk; bgU";n$hjp

m";r iy eP xU rpwpJk; vd; kfnd

,e;jg; ghlypypUe; J vd; d g[hpfpd; wJ> mUl; bgU"; n$hjp

mUl; rpt bewprhh; mUl;bgUepiythH;

rpt vd;gjw;Fg; bghUs; mdhjpaha; kykpy; yhj rh;t

gpw $Ptd;fs;gLk; Jd;gj;ijj; jd;D ila Jd;gkhfnt

Mfk Ko nky; Muz Ko nky;

ek; kdpj njfj;i j Myakhf;fp kdpj njfj;jpy;

mjpny K:h ;j;j ';fis epWj;jt[k ;. mtz; bra;a ntz; oa

,f epiyg; bghUsha;g ; guepiyg; bghUsha;

,f epiy vd;gJ cyfpay;

kz;. ePh;. beUg;g[. fhw;W. Mfhak; Mfpa g";r

kwg;gw;w be";r pil thH;f pd;w ts;sy;

kyg; gw;wWj;jth; thH; j;Jk; kzhsh;

ciu kdk; fle;j xU bgU btsp nky;

<dkpd;wpfguj;J ,uz;od; nkw; bghUsha;

Kd; thpapny cyfpay;. mUspay; midj;Jg;

ciu kd'; fle;j xU bgU btsp nky;

miuR bra;J X';F k; mUl;bgU";n$hjp (12)

kdk;. thf;F. fhak; Mfpa K:d; iwa[ k; jphpfuzk;

fhw;WUnth fdYUnth flt[SU vd;g hh;

$hf;uj;. brhg;d k;. RGj; jp. Jhpak;. JhpahjP jk; vd

Jhpa kiy nky; csnjhh; n$hjp ts ehL

tpHpg;g[ epiyapy; kdk; bray;glhJ epw;Fk; epiyna

Cf;fKk; czh;r;rpa[k; xsp jUk; Mf;ifa[k;

kd';fle;j bgU btspnky; miuR bra; J

gdpuz;lhz;L bjhl'; fp ,w;iwg; gfypd; tiua[ nk

<uhwhz;L bjhl';f p ,w;iwg; gfypd; tiua[nk

,t;thW mUk;ghLgLtjw;F ntz;oa Cf; fKk;.

Fwpg;g[: Mf;fk; vd;gJ bry;t k; vd;W bghUs; gLk;/ xsp

vy;iyapy; gpwg;bgDk; ,U';fly; flj;jp vd;

xspa[lYk;. vy;yhr; rpj;jpfSk; jhd; bgw;wij Kd;

Vwh epiykpir Vw;wp vd;wdf;nf

jkJ gd;d puz; lhk; tajpy; jt thH; f;if Muk;gpj;j

cUj;jpuh;fs; xU nfho ehuzh; gy; nfho

bgUj;j kw;i wj; njth; fSk; Kdpth; f Sk; gpwUk;

jhd; mile;j g{uz epiy mDgtj;jhy; kd

nehthJ nehd;g[ vidg; nghy; nehw; w tUk; v";"hd;Wk;

vdf;fpy;yhjjpdhy;j hd; vy;y hk; ty;y rpj;J f;fis

vy; yhk; ty;y rpj;J vdf;F mspj;J vdf;Fid

,Jtiu ahUk; milahj mDgt epiyf;F ts; syhh;

MwhW vd;g ij 6 x 6 ? 36 vd;w hy; jj;Jt'; fs; 36/

IaKk; jphpg[k; mWj;J vdJ clk;g pDs;

Iak; vd;gJ cz;lh. ,y;i yah ? elf;Fkh. elf; fhjh

bts;spahf vz;zp VkhWtJk;. gpj;jisiag; bghd;ndh vd

xd;bwd ,uz;bld xd;wpuz;bld ,it

jpUtUl;ghtpny ifahsg;gl;Ls;s brhw;fspy; vspjpy;

@ cUtha; mUtha; cUtUtha; ,it

,e;jf; fz; zpia Ma[kplj;J

xd;wpuz;L vd;w brhy; xd;iwa[ k; ,uz;ila[k ; nrh;j ;J

XjhJ czh;e;jpl xsp mspj;J vdf;nf

jd;idg; gw; wp ts;syhh; TWfpd;whh;/ mjhtJ ve;j

mg;gog;gl;ltd; Mapuk; b$d;k k; vLj; Jg; gof;Fk; fiy

fhuzkpJ g[hpfhhpakpJ nkw; fhuzf; fhhpaf; fUtpJ gytha;

,d;bdhU ghl;oYk; jhd; fw;wJ. nfl;lJ. fz;lJ.