Three Zones Adaptive Characteristic of the Mho Distance Relay

by KU Method
S. Dechphung, and T. Saengsuwan
Electrical Engineering Department Engineering Faculty,
Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand 10900
E-mail: surachetd@hotmail.com, fengtss@ku.ac.th
Abstractâ This paper presents the three zones adaptive
characteristic of the mho distance relay for compensate of the
phase to phase fault with fault resistance by KU method.
Generally, the characteristic of mho distance relay is suitable for
the phase fault protection and in the case of a low fault
resistance. But, the fault in case of the phase to phase fault with
fault resistance are a trajectory of impedance outside the
protection zone of the R-X diagram and the circuit breaker does
not trip. In this paper, we present an analysis of the three zones
adaptive characteristic of R-X diagram of the mho distance relay
for compensate of the phase to phase fault with fault resistance in
the radial transmission line. The KU method has been shown an
extent protection zone for the compensation of phase to phase
fault with fault resistance. The algorithm of proposed system is
verified by simulation and results.
I. INTRODUCTION
enerally, distance protection is the short-circuit
protection. Its mode of operation is based on the
measurement and evaluation of the short-circuit
impedance, which in the classic case is proportional to the
distance to fault. Distance relay effectively measured the
impedance between the relay location and the fault. If the
impedance of the fault is low, the impedance is proportional to
the distance from the relay to the fault. For a fault at the
remote end of the line, the voltage at the local relay equals the
current multiplied by impedance of the line, i.e. IZ. Therefore,
the ratio of the voltage to the current measured at the relay
equals the impedance of the line, Z. Since the ratio V/I is
proportional to the line length between the relay and the fault,
the ratio V/I is, therefore, the impedance to the fault. A
distance relay is design to only operate for faults occurring
between the relay location and the selected reach point and
remain stable for all faults outside this region or zone. The
first zone is normal to set the zone of distance relay at between
85% and 90%, the reach of the second zone is generally set at
120% to 150% of the line length and the third zone of
protection, and usually extend to 150% the next line section.
In time stepped the distance scheme, this ensure adequate
discrimination for faults that may occur between different line
sections. Operating time in the first zone of distance relay is
instantaneous, in the second zone is approximately 300-500
milliseconds and in the third zone is approximately 1000
milliseconds respectively.
From means and reason, the fault in case of the phase to
phase fault with fault resistance are a trajectory of impedance
outside the zone of R-X diagram and to bring about distance
relay is to command un-trip to circuit breaker. In this paper,
we present an analysis of the three zones adaptive
characteristic of R-X diagram of the mho distance relay for
compensate of the phase to phase fault with fault resistance in
the radial transmission line. This paper solved this problem of
the mho distance relay as above-mentioned. The name of
method is â KU Distance Relayâ .
II. GENERAL OPERATION OFMHO DISTANCE RELAY
Generally, the mho distance relay is used widely in the
present that a circular impedance characteristic. The
characteristic is suitable for the phase fault protection and in
the case of a low fault resistance. However, in the case of high
value of fault resistance, the result of fault location is outside
the zone circle and relay underreaches. Characteristic of Mho
distance relay is shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Mho characteristic
Fig. 2. Phase BC short-circuit with a fault resistance (single-ended infeed)
The impedance equations of distance relay to calculate the
impedance of phase to phase fault is shown in TABLE 1. A
distance relay is designed to only operate for trajectory of
faults occurring between the relay location and the selected
reach point to set up time and remain stable for all faults
outside this region or zone.
G
RF(BC)
1206
978-1-4244-1888-6/08/$25.00c 2008 IEEE