LI M U - Mc d so vi cc loi hnh dch v vin thng khc th thng tin di ng ra i kh mun, ch mi xut hin trong vi chc nm qua.

Nhng do mang li nhiu li ch thit thc cho ngi s dng nn dch v ny tng trng mt cch bng n. Pht trin t h thng thng tin di ng tng t, h thng thng tin di ng 2G nh du s thnh cng ca cng ngh GSM vi 70% th phn thng tin di ng trn ton cu hin nay. Nhng khi vn internet ton cu v cc mng ring khc pht trin c v quy m v mc tin ch xut hin nhu cu v dch v truyn s liu mi lc mi ni. Ngi s dng c nhu cu v cc dch v mi nh: truyn s liu tc cao, in thoi c hnh, truy cp internet tc cao t my in thoi di ng v cc dch v truyn thng a phng tin khc. iu khin cho cc h thng 2G phi bc l nhng nhc im, iu ny to iu kin xut hin h thng thng tin di ng 3G p ng cc nhu cu truyn s liu tc cao v khc phc nhng nhc im khc ca h thng 2G Vit Nam hin nay, cc mng di ng ln nh Mobiphone, Vinaphone, Viettel, lin doanh EVN Telecom v Vietnammobile dnh c quyn cp pht 3G v ang thc hin trin khai cng ngh ny vi mong mun a n cho ngi s dng trong thi gian sm nht

Chng 1: GII THIU V MNG 3G

- Th gii ang chng kin nhng thay i ln v s pht trin rt nhanh chng ca ngnh thng tin di ng, t cng ngh 2G chuyn sang 3G l mt qung thi gian 15 nm. Gi y cng ngh 3G ang c nhc n nhiu hn bao gi ht. Ti sao li nh vy? - y khng phi ln u tin chng ta tri nghim iu ny; vo u v gia thp nin 1990, cc cng ngh mi, th h th 2 (2G) nh GSM, TDMA v CDMA ang c tung ra em li cht lng thoi tt hn, cng sut mng cao hn, cu trc m, v cch s dng ph sng hu hiu hn. Tuy nhin, bc chuyn tip ny cn n hn 15 nm. Thc t, ngay t gia thp nin 1990, nhng cng ngh ph bin nht vi s khch thu bao ton cu cao nht vn l cng ngh tng ng AMPS v TACS thuc th h th nht. Trong khi , cc nh khai thc mi ang tr nn vng vng ti cc th trng khp th gii v h phi quyt nh hoc bt u vi cng ngh tng ng v sau nng cp, hoc i thng vo mt trong cc cng ngh 2G mi m hn. - Trong khi cc nh sn xut tip tc mi cho thit b tng ng em li li nhun cao, cc nh khai thc c tm nhn xa chn cc cng ngh GSM, TDMA hoc CDMA tng ti a thu nhp ca h. Mt khi cc cng ngh s c chng t v trin khai rng ri, cc hng vn hnh trn khp th gii hiu rng mua thit b 1G tuy vi chi ph c bn thp hn nh tnh tit kim da trn qui m ln chnh l mt quyt nh kinh doanh v chin lc km ci khi xt ti vn chi ph s hu trong di hn, cc c hi tng thu nhp v v th cnh tranh trong th trng. Cha ti nm 1997, con s khch thu bao cng ngh 2G vt s khch thu bao cng ngh 1G. - Hin nay, nhng xu hng tng t ang din ra vi cc h thng di ng 3G nh CDMA2000 v WCDMA (cn gi l UMTS), nhng vi mt tc nhanh hn. Trong khong

5 nm, cc nh sn xut cho thy i a s u t ca h vo nghin cu v pht trin c phn b vo danh mc sn phm 3G, vi phn ln ngn sch ly t cc ngun thu nhp 2G ca h - GSM v CDMA. Tuy nhin cho n nay s c sn ca thit b 3G cha thay th hn vic mua hoc bn cc thit b 2G. Bc chuyn sang 3G - Phn ln nhng v mua h tng khng dy ngy nay l nhm vo cc h thng 3G. Theo mt d bo ca Gartner v chi tiu cho h tng mng ton cu, 54% tng chi tiu nm nay l dnh cho CDMA2000 v WCDMA. Nm 2007, s chi tiu s tng ln 61% cho 3G v s tip tc tng sau , trong khi u t vo cc cng ngh 2G nh GSM s tip tc gim. - Trong mt bo co vo thng By 2006, Strategy Analytics cng tin on hn mt na chi tiu ton cu cho h tng khng dy 3G s vo CDMA2000 v WCDMA trong nm 2006 v cho thy rng cc cng ngh 2G s tip tc suy gim sau . - iu ny c ngha rng mt khi cc hng vn hnh dnh mt khon u t vo c s h tng mi, s lng ngi s dng trn mng s tng tng ng. Tuy nhin iu n tng nht l ch s tip nhn cc dch v 3G vt hn hn bt k ln gii thiu cng ngh mi no trong lch s ngnh lin lc khng dy. - qui m ton cu, cc nh phn tch d on n 2009, hai cng ngh 3G hng u, CDMA2000 v WCDMA, s chim 41% th trng khch thu bao v khi lng thu bao GSM tng mt thi rt ln s gim xung u n. Con s khch thu bao 3G s vt hn s khch 2G trong khong 10 nm k t khi bt u c 3G trong khi 2G phi mt 15 nm mi qua mt c 1G. Sc ht ca tnh kinh t 3G - Thc t, cc nh khai thc 3G ti cc th trng hng u th gii ghi nhn tc tip thu nhanh v thu nhp tng vt nh tung ra cc dch v d liu mi m trn cc mng th h mi ca h. Hu ht cc nh khai thc 3G khp th gii ghi nhn thu nhp d liu trung bnh tnh trn u ngi s dng (ARPU) nm trong khong 10% n 40% tng thu nhp tnh theo ngi s dng trn cc mng 3G ca h. - Ti nhng quc gia nh Cng ha Czech v M, ni m cc dch v CDMA2000 1xEVDO c sn trn th trng, cc nh khai thc s dng cng ngh GSM 2G nhn thy h kh m cnh tranh bng gi c v hiu sut, iu buc h phi xem xt nhng k hoch mnh m tung ra WCDMA v HSDPA. Ngi hng li t s cnh tranh ngy cng tng ny l khch hng v nhng doanh nghip v h c th nhn c dch v tt hn vi gi r hn. - Tuy nhin, bc chuyn sang 3G khng b gii hn trong nhng quc gia pht trin trn th gii. Nhng th trng ang ln cng ang trin khai thit b 3G v nhng li th tng t. Ti nhng th trng ny, dch v thoi gi r thng c u th hn dch v d liu bng rng v chnh tnh kinh t ca 3G, nht l trong cc bng tn thp, h tr quan im kinh doanh ca cc nh khai thc i vi bc tin vo CDMA2000 v WCDMA. iu ny c bit ng ti cc th trng ang pht trin ni m cc dch v ng dy mt t khng d g c sn v vic s dng dch v thoi l tng i cao. - Mt bo co ca Signals Research cho bit tng chi ph s hu (TCO) ca mt mng 3G, trong khong thi gian 10 nm, th c li hn 2G xt v vn v chi ph vn hnh; nn vic bt u vi mt mng 3G r rng l tt hn. - Ti sao vy? y l bi v 3G cho php cng sut d liu v thoi cao hn vi cng mt khi lng ph sng, cng vi nhng ci thin trong chi ph vn hnh. Ngay c trong cc

trng hp m nh vn hnh GSM/GPRS/EDGE khng chuyn sang 3G trong thi gian 10 nm, CDMA2000 vn c th t 12% c li hn trong mt mc tng trng thu bao khim tn v vin cnh tnh theo pht s dng. V, khi vin cnh tnh theo pht s dng v tng trng thu bao tng ln, mc hiu qu so vi chi ph ca CDMA2000 li cng ni bt hn vi mc tit kim chi ph t 18% n 23%. - Cc cng ngh 3G tn s thp (450 v 850 MHz) thm ch cn hp dn hn khi xt n chi ph ngy cng gim. nhng tn s ny, cc trm c s c th truyn tn hiu sng i xa hn v ph sng c ci thin c trong ln bn ngoi nh. iu ny c ngha rng ngi ta cn t trm gc hn m vn c c tm ph sng mong mun, v iu ny ngha l nh khai thc ch cn mt mc u t c bn thp hn. - Khc bit ny l rt quan trng. V d in hnh l, hng vn hnh 3G Belcel Belarus, ph sng c 80% dn c ch vi 60 trm c s CDMA2000 s dng bng tn 450 MHz. Hng cnh tranh vi n s dng GSM900/1800 cn n mt mng li gm trn 500 trm gc ph sng mt din tch tng ng. - Cc mng 3G CDMA2000 v WCDMA c kh nng em li cc dch v d liu bng rng, thoi v a truyn thng mi m v sinh nhiu thu nhp m ng thi cng em li tnh kinh t u vit cho vng i ca mng li. Ngy nay nhiu chuyn gia vin thng cho rng, ng tin khn l c t vo 3G. - Cc h thng thng tin di ng th h th hai c xy dng theo tiu chun: GSM, IS95, PDC, IS-36 pht trin rt nhanh nhng nm 1990. Cc yu cu v dch v mi ca cc h thng thng tin di ng, nht l cc dch v truyn s liu i hi cc nh khai thc phi a ra c cc h thng thng tin di ng mi. Trong bi cnh ITU a ra n tiu chun ha h thng thng tin di ng th h th 3 vi tn gi IMT-2000 nhm mc tiu chnh sau y: * Tc truy nhp cao bo m cc dch v bng rng nh truy nhp Internet nhanh hoc cc dch v a phng tin. * Linh hot bo m cc dch v mi nh nh s c nhn ton cu v in thoi v tinh. Cc tnh nng ny s cho php m rng ng k tm ph ca cc h thng thng tin di ng. * Tng thch vi cc h thng thng tin di ng hin c bo m s pht trin lin tc ca thng tin di ng.

Chng 2 KIN TRC CHUNG CA MT H THNG THNG TIN DI NG 3G 1.1. Mc ch chng

 Hiu c kin trc tng qut ca mt mng thng tin di ng 3G. Hiu cc kin trc mng 3G WCDMA UMTS: R3, R4 v R5 v chin lc chuyn dch GSM ln 3G UMTS 1.1. Cc ch c trnh by trong chng Kin trc chung ca mt mng thng tin di ng 3G Cc khi nim v cc dch v chuyn mch knh v cc dch v chuyn mch gi Cc loi lu lng v cc loi dch v m 3G WCDMA UMTS c th h tr Kin trc 3G WCDMA UMTS qua cc pht hnh khc nhau: R3, R4, R5 v R6 Chin lc chuyn dch GSM ln 3G UMTS

1.1.3. Hng dn Hc k cc t liu c trnh by trong chng Tham kho thm cc ti liu tham kho cui ti liu 2.1 Kin trc chung ca mt h thng thng tin di ng 3G Mng thng tin di ng (TTD) 3G lc u s l mng kt hp gia cc vng chuyn mch gi (PS) v chuyn mch knh (CS) truyn s liu gi v ting. Cc trung tm chuyn mch gi s l cc chuyn mch s dng cng ngh ATM. Trn ng pht trin n mng ton IP, chuyn mch knh s dn c thay th bng chuyn mch gi. Cc dch v k c s liu ln thi gian thc (nh ting v video) cui cng s c truyn trn cng mt mi trng IP bng cc chuyn mch gi. Hnh 1.4 di y cho thy th d v mt kin trc tng qut ca TTD 3G kt hp c CS v PS trong mng li.

RAN: Radio Access Network: mng truy nhp v tuyn BTS: Base Transceiver Station: trm thu pht gc

BSC: Base Station Controller: b iu khin trm gc RNC: Rado Network Controller: b iu khin trm gc CS: Circuit Switch: chuyn mch knh PS: Packet Switch: chuyn mch gi SMS: Short Message Servive: dch v nhn tin Server: my ch PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network: mng in thoi chuyn mch cng cng PLMN: Public Land Mobile Network: mang di ng cng cng mt t Hnh 2.1. Kin trc tng qut ca mt mng di ng kt hp c CS v PS - Cc min chuyn mch knh (CS) v chuyn mch gi (PS) c th hin bng mt nhm cc n v chc nng lgic: trong thc hin thc t cc min chc nng ny c t vo cc thit b v cc nt vt l. Chng hn c th thc hin chc nng chuyn mch knh CS (MSC/GMSC) v chc nng chuyn mch gi (SGSN/GGSN) trong mt nt duy nht c mt h thng tch hp cho php chuyn mch v truyn dn cc kiu phng tin khc nhau: t lu lng ting n lu lng s liu dung lng ln. 3G UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System: H thng thng tin di ng ton cu) c th s dng hai kiu RAN. Kiu th nht s dng cng ngh a truy nhp WCDMA (Wide Band Code Devision Multiple Acces: a truy nhp phn chia theo m bng rng) c gi l UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Network: mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t ca UMTS). Kiu th hai s dng cng ngh a truy nhp TDMA c gi l GERAN (GSM EDGE Radio Access Network: mng truy nhp v tuyn da trn cng ngh EDGE ca GSM). Ti liu ch xt cp n cng ngh duy nht trong UMTS c gi l 3G WCDMA UMTS 2.2. Chuyn mch knh (CS), chuyn mch gi (PS). Dch v chuyn mch knh v dch v chuyn mch gi. 3G cung cp cc dch v chuyn mch knh nh ting, video v cc dch v chuyn mch gi ch yu truy nhp internet. Chuyn mch knh (CS: Circuit Switch) l s chuyn mch trong thit b chuyn mch thc hin cc cuc truyn tin bng cch thit lp kt ni chim mt ti nguyn mng nht nh trong ton b cuc truyn tin. Kt ni ny l tm thi, lin tc v dnh ring. Tm thi v n ch c duy tr trong thi gian cuc gi. Lin tc v n c cung cp lin tc mt ti nguyn nht nh (bng thng hay dung lng v cng sut) trong sut thi gian cuc gi. Dnh ring v kt ni ny v ti nguyn ch dnh ring cho cuc gi ny. Thit b chuyn mch s dng cho CS trong cc tng i ca TTD 2G thc hin chuyn mch knh trn trn c s ghp knh theo thi gian trong mi knh c tc 64 kbps v v th ph hp cho vic truyn cc ng dng lm vic ti tc c nh 64 kbps (chng hn ting c m ho PCM). Chuyn mch gi (PS: Packet Switch) l s chuyn mch thc hin phn chia s liu ca mt kt ni thnh cc gi c di nht nh v chuyn mch cc gi ny theo thng tin v ni nhn c gn vi tng gi v PS ti nguyn mng ch b chim dng khi c gi cn truyn. Chuyn mch gi cho php nhm tt c cc s liu ca nhiu kt ni khc nhau ph thuc vo ni dung, kiu hay cu trc s liu thnh cc gi c kch thc ph hp v truyn chng trn mt knh chia s. Vic nhm cc s liu cn truyn c thc hin bng ghp knh

thng k vi n nh ti nguyn ng. Cc cng ngh s dng cho chuyn mch gi c th l Frame Relay, ATM hoc IP. Hnh 1.5. cho thy cu trc ca CS v PS.

Hnh 2.2. Chuyn mch knh (CS) v chuyn mch gi (PS). Dch v chuyn mch knh (CS Service) l dch v trong mi u cui c cp pht mt knh ring v n ton quyn s dng ti nguyn ca knh ny trong thi gian cuc gi tuy nhin phi tr tin cho ton b thi gian ny d c truyn tin hay khng. Dch v chuyn mch knh c th c thc hin trn chuyn mch knh (CS) hoc chuyn mch gi (PS). Thng thng dch v ny c p dng cho cc dch v thi gian thc (thoi). Dch v chuyn mch gi (PS Service) l dch v trong nhiu u cui cng chia s mt knh v mi u cui ch chim dng ti nguyn ca knh ny khi c thng tin cn truyn v n ch phi tr tin theo lng tin c truyn trn knh. Dch v chuyn mch gi ch c th c thc hin trn chuyn mch gi (PS). Dch v ny rt rt ph hp cho cc dch v phi thi gian thc (truyn s liu), tuy nhin nh s pht trin ca cng ngh dch v ny cng c p dng cho cc dch v thi gian thc (VoIP). Chuyn mch gi c th thc hin trn c s ATM hoc IP. ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode: ch truyn d b) l cng ngh thc hin phn chia thng tin cn pht thnh cc t bo 53 byte truyn dn v chuyn mch. Mt t bo ATM gm 5 byte tiu (c cha thng tin nh tuyn) v 48 byte ti tin (cha s liu ca ngi s dng). Thit b chuyn mch ATM cho php chuyn mch nhanh trn c s chuyn mch phn cng tham chun theo thng tin nh tuyn tiu m khng thc hin pht hin li trong tng t bo. Thng tin nh tuyn trong tiu gm: ng dn o (VP) v knh o (VC). iu khin kt ni bng VC (tng ng vi knh ca ngi s dng) v VP (l mt b cc VC) cho php khai thc v qun l c kh nng m rng v c linh hot cao. Thng thng VP c thit lp trn c s s liu ca h thng ti thi im xy dng mng. Vic s dng ATM trong mng li cho ta nhiu ci li: c th qun l lu lng kt hp vi RAN, cho

php thc hin cc chc nng CS v PS trong cng mt kin trc v thc hin khai thc cng nh iu khin cht lng lin kt. Chuyn mch hay Router IP (Internet Protocol) cng l mt cng ngh thc hin phn chia thng tin pht thnh cc gi c gi l ti tin (Payload). Sau mi gi c gn mt tiu cha cc thng tin a ch cn thit cho chuyn mch. Trong thng tin di ng do v tr ca u cui di ng thay i nn cn phi c thm tiu b sung nh tuyn theo v tr hin thi ca my di ng. Qu trnh nh tuyn ny c gi l truyn ng hm (Tunnel). C hai c ch thc hin iu ny: MIP (Mobile IP: IP di ng) v GTP (GPRS Tunnel Protocol: giao thc ng hm GPRS). Tunnel l mt ng truyn m ti u vo ca n gi IP c ng bao vo mt tiu mang a ch ni nhn (trong trng hp ny l a ch hin thi ca my di ng) v ti u ra gi IP c tho bao bng cch loi b tiu bc ngoi (hnh 1.6).

Hnh 2.3. ng bao v tho bao cho gi IP trong qu trnh truyn tunnel Hnh 1.7 cho thy qu trnh nh tuyn tunnel (chuyn mch tunnel) trong h thng 3G UMTS t tng i gi cng (GGSN) cho mt my di ng (UE) khi n chuyn t vng phc v ca mt tng i gi ni ht (SGSN1) ny sang mt vng phc v ca mt tng i gi ni ht khc (SGSN2) thng qua giao thc GTP.

Hnh 2.4. Thit lp kt ni tunnel trong chuyn mch tunnel V 3G WCDMA UMTS c pht trin t nhng nm 1999 khi m ATM l cng ngh chuyn mch gi cn ng tr nn cc tiu chun cng c xy dng trn cng ngh ny. Tuy

nhin hin nay v tng lai mng vin thng s c xy dng trn c s internet v th cc chuyn mch gi s l chuyn mch hoc router IP. 2.3.Cc loi lu lng v dch v ng 3GWCDMA UMTS h tr V TTD 3G cho php truyn dn nhanh hn, nn truy nhp Internet v lu lng thng tin s liu khc s pht trin nhanh. Ngoi ra TTD 3G cng c s dng cho cc dch v ting. Ni chung TTD 3G h tr cc dch v tryn thng a phng tin. V th mi kiu lu lng cn m bo mt mc QoS nht nh tu theo ng dng ca dch v. QoS W-CDMA c phn loi nh sau: Loi hi thoi (Conversational, rt): Thng tin tng tc yu cu tr nh (thoi chng hn). Loi lung (Streaming, rt): Thng tin mt chiu i hi dch v lung vi tr nh (phn phi truyn hnh thi gian thc chng hn: Video Streaming) Loi tng tc (Interactive, nrt): i hi tr li trong mt thi gian nht nh v t l li thp (trnh duyt Web, truy nhp server chng hn). Loi nn (Background, nrt): i hi cc dch v n lc nht c thc hin trn nn c s (email, ti xung file: Video Download) Mi trng hot ng ca 3WCDMA UMTS c chia thnh bn vng vi cc tc bit Rb phc v nh sau: Vng 1: trong nh, pico, Rb 2Mbps Vng 2: thnh ph, micro, Rb 384 kbps Vng 2: ngoi , macro, Rb 144 kbps Vng 4: Ton cu, Rb = 12,2 kbps C th tng kt cc dch v do 3GWCDMA UMTS cung cp bng 1.1. Bng 2.1. Phn loi cc dch v 3GWDCMA UMTS Kiu Phn loi Dch v di Dch v di ng ng Dch v thng tin nh v Dch v m thanh Dch v chi tit Di ng u cui/di ng c nhn/di ng dch v - Theo di di ng/ theo di di ng thng minh

- Dch v m thanh cht lng cao (16-64 kbps) - Dch v truyn thanh AM (32-64 kbps) - Dch v truyn thanh FM (64-384 kbps) Dch v Dch v s liu - Dch v s liu tc trung bnh (64-144 kbps) vin thng - Dch v s liu tc tng i cao (144 kbps2Mbps) - Dch v s liu tc cao ( 2Mbps) Dch v a phng - Dch v Video (384 kbps) tin - Dch v hnh chuyn ng (384kbps- 2 Mbps) - Dch v hnh chuyn ng thi gian thc ( 2 Mbps) Dch v Internet Dch v truy nhp Web (384 kbps-2Mbps) n gin

Kiu Phn loi Dch v Dch v Internet Internet thi gian thc Dch v internet a phng tin

Dch v chi tit Dch v Internet (384 kbps-2Mbps) Dch v Website a phng tin thi gian thc ( 2Mbps)

3G WCDMA UMTS c xy dng theo ba pht hnh chnh c gi l R3, R4, R5. Trong mng li R3 v R4 bao gm hai min: min CS (Circuit Switch: chuyn mch knh) v min PS (Packet Switch: chuyn mch gi). Vic kt hp ny ph hp cho giai on u khi PS cha p ng tt cc dch v thi gian thc nh thoi v hnh nh. Khi ny min CS s m nhim cc dch v thoi cn s liu c truyn trn min PS. R4 pht trin hn R3 ch min CS chuyn sang chuyn mch mm v th ton b mng truyn ti gia cc nt chuyn mch u trn IP. Di y ta xt ba kin trc 3G WCDMA UMTS ni trn. 2.4. Kin trc 3G WCDMA UMTS R3 WCDMA UMTS R3 h tr c kt ni chuyn mch knh ln chuyn mch gi: n 384 Mbps trong min CS v 2Mbps trong min PS. Cc kt ni tc cao ny m bo cung cp mt tp cc dich v mi cho ngi s dng di ng ging nh trong cc mng in thoi c nh v Internet. Cc dch v ny gm: in thoi c hnh (Hi ngh video), m thanh cht lng cao (CD) v tc truyn cao ti u cui. Mt tnh nng khc cng c a ra cng vi GPRS l "lun lun kt ni" n Internet. UMTS cng cung cp thng tin v tr tt hn v v th h tr tt hn cc dch v da trn v tr. Mt mng UMTS bao gm ba phn: thit b di ng (UE: User Equipment), mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t UMTS (UTRAN: UMTS Terrestrial Radio Network), mng li (CN: Core Network) (xem hnh 1.8). UE bao gm ba thit b: thit b u cui (TE), thit b di ng (ME) v module nhn dng thu bao UMTS (USIM: UMTS Subscriber Identity Module). UTRAN gm cc h thng mng v tuyn (RNS: Radio Network System) v mi RNS bao gm RNC (Radio Network Controller: b iu khin mng v tuyn) v cc nt B ni vi n. Mng li CN bao gm min chuyn mch knh, chuyn mch gi v HE (Home Environment: Mi trng nh). HE bao gm cc c s d liu: AuC (Authentication Center: Trung tm nhn thc), HLR (Home Location Register: B ghi nh v thng tr) v EIR (Equipment Identity Register: B ghi nhn dng thit b).

Hnh 2.5. Kin trc 3G WCDMA UMTS R3 2.3.1. Thit b ngi s dng (UE) UE (User Equipment: thit b ngi s dng) l u cui mng UMTS ca ngi s dng. C th ni y l phn h thng c nhiu thit b nht v s pht trin ca n s nh hng ln ln cc ng dng v cc dch v kh dng. Gi thnh gim nhanh chng s to iu kin cho ngi s dng mua thit b ca UMTS. iu ny t c nh tiu chun ha giao din v tuyn v ci t mi tr tu ti cc card thng minh. 2.3.1.1. Cc u cui (TE) V my u cui by gi khng ch n thun dnh cho in thoi m cn cung cp cc dch v s liu mi, nn tn ca n c chuyn thnh u cui. Cc nh sn xut chnh a ra rt nhiu u cui da trn cc khi nim mi, nhng trong thc t ch mt s t l c a vo sn xut. Mc d cc u cui d kin khc nhau v kch thc v thit k, tt c chng u c mn hnh ln v t phm hn so vi 2G. L do chnh l tng cng s dng u cui cho nhiu dch v s liu hn v v th u cui tr thnh t hp ca my thoi di ng, modem v my tnh bn tay. u cui h tr hai giao din. Giao din Uu nh ngha lin kt v tuyn (giao din WCDMA). N m nhim ton b kt ni vt l vi mng UMTS. Giao din th hai l giao din Cu gia UMTS IC card (UICC) v u cui. Giao din ny tun theo tiu chun cho cc card thng minh. Mc d cc nh sn xut u cui c rt nhiu tng v thit b, h phi tun theo mt tp ti thiu cc nh ngha tiu chun cc ngi s dng bng cc u cui khc nhau c th truy nhp n mt s cc chc nng c s theo cng mt cch. Cc tiu chun ny gm: Bn phm (cc phm vt l hay cc phm o trn mn hnh) ng k mt khu mi Thay i m PIN Gii chn PIN/PIN2 (PUK) Trnh by IMEI iu khin cuc gi

Cc phn cn li ca giao din s dnh ring cho nh thit k v ngi s dng s chn cho mnh u cui da trn hai tiu chun (nu xu th 2G cn ko di) l thit k v giao din. Giao din l kt hp ca kch c v thng tin do mn hnh cung cp (mn hnh nt chm), cc phm v menu. 2.3.1.2. UICC UMTS IC card l mt card thng minh. iu m ta quan tm n n l dung lng nh v tc b x l do n cung cp. ng dng USIM chy trn UICC. 2.3.1.3. USIM Trong h thng GSM, SIM card lu gi thng tin c nhn (ng k thu bao) ci cng trn card. iu ny thay i trong UMTS, Modul nhn dng thu bao UMTS c ci nh mt ng dng trn UICC. iu ny cho php lu nhiu ng dng hn v nhiu ch k (kha) in t hn cng vi USIM cho cc mc ch khc (cc m truy nhp giao dch ngn hng an ninh). Ngoi ra c th c nhiu USIM trn cng mt UICC h tr truy nhp n nhiu mng. USIM cha cc hm v s liu cn nhn dng v nhn thc thu bao trong mng UMTS. N c th lu c bn sao h s ca thu bao. Ngi s dng phi t mnh nhn thc i vi USIM bng cch nhp m PIN. iu ny m bo rng ch ngi s dng ch thc mi c truy nhp mng UMTS. Mng s ch cung cp cc dch v cho ngi no s dng u cui da trn nhn dng USIM c ng k. 2.4.2. Mng truy nhp v tuyn UMTS UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network: Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t UMTS) l lin kt gia ngi s dng v CN. N gm cc phn t m bo cc cuc truyn thng UMTS trn v tuyn v iu khin chng. UTRAN c nh ngha gia hai giao din. Giao din Iu gia UTRAN v CN, gm hai phn: IuPS cho min chuyn mch gi v IuCS cho min chuyn mch knh; giao din Uu gia UTRAN v thit b ngi s dng. Gia hai giao din ny l hai nt, RNC v nt B. 2.4.2.1. RNC RNC (Radio Network Controller) chu trch nhim cho mt hay nhiu trm gc v iu khin cc ti nguyn ca chng. y cng chnh l im truy nhp dch v m UTRAN cung cp cho CN. N c ni n CN bng hai kt ni, mt cho min chuyn mch gi (n GPRS) v mt n min chuyn mch knh (MSC). Mt nhim v quan trng na ca RNC l bo v s b mt v ton vn. Sau th tc nhn thc v tha thun kha, cc kho bo mt v ton vn c t vo RNC. Sau cc kha ny c s dng bi cc hm an ninh f8 v f9. RNC c nhiu chc nng logic ty thuc vo vic n phc v nt no. Ngi s dng c kt ni vo mt RNC phc v (SRNC: Serving RNC). Khi ngi s dng chuyn vng n mt RNC khc nhng vn kt ni vi RNC c, mt RNC tri (DRNC: Drift RNC) s cung cp ti nguyn v tuyn cho ngi s dng, nhng RNC phc v vn qun l kt ni ca ngi s dng n CN. Vai tr logic ca SRNC v DRNC c m t trn hnh 2.7. Khi UE trong chuyn giao mm gia cc RNC, tn ti nhiu kt ni qua Iub v c t nht mt kt ni qua Iur. Ch mt trong s cc RNC ny (SRNC) l m bo giao din Iu kt ni vi mng li cn cc RNC khc (DRNC) ch lm nhim v nh tuyn thng tin gia cc Iub v Iur. Chc nng cui cng ca RNC l RNC iu khin (CRNC: Control RNC). Mi nt B c mt RNC iu khin chu trch nhim cho cc ti nguyn v tuyn ca n.

Hnh 2.6. Vai tr logic ca SRNC v DRNC 2.4.2.2. Nt B Trong UMTS trm gc c gi l nt B v nhim v ca n l thc hin kt ni v tuyn vt l gia u cui vi n. N nhn tn hiu trn giao din Iub t RNC v chuyn n vo tn hiu v tuyn trn giao din Uu. N cng thc hin mt s thao tc qun l ti nguyn v tuyn c s nh "iu khin cng sut vng trong". Tnh nng ny phng nga vn gn xa; ngha l nu tt c cc u cui u pht cng mt cng sut, th cc u cui gn nt B nht s che lp tn hiu t cc u cui xa. Nt B kim tra cng sut thu t cc u cui khc nhau v thng bo cho chng gim cng sut hoc tng cng sut sao cho nt B lun thu c cng sut nh nhau t tt c cc u cui. 2.4.3. Mng li Mng li (CN) c chia thnh ba phn, min PS, min CS v HE. Min PS m bo cc dch v s liu cho ngi s dng bng cc kt ni n Internet v cc mng s liu khc v min CS m bo cc dch v in thoi n cc mng khc bng cc kt ni TDM. Cc nt B trong CN c kt ni vi nhau bng ng trc ca nh khai thc, thng s dng cc cng ngh mng tc cao nh ATM v IP. Mng ng trc trong min CS s dng TDM cn trong min PS s dng IP. 2.4.3.1. SGSN SGSN (SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node: nt h tr GPRS phc v) l nt chnh ca min chuyn mch gi. N ni n UTRAN thng qua giao din IuPS v n GGSN thng quan giao din Gn. SGSN chu trch nhim cho tt c kt ni PS ca tt c cc thu bao. N lu hai kiu d liu thu bao: thng tin ng k thu bao v thng tin v tr thu bao. S liu thu bao lu trong SGSN gm: IMSI (International Mobile Subsscriber Identity: s nhn dng thu bao di ng quc t) Cc nhn dng tm thi gi (P-TMSI: Packet- Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity: s nhn dng thu bao di ng tm thi gi) Cc a ch PDP (Packet Data Protocol: Giao thc s liu gi) S liu v tr lu trn SGSN: Vng nh tuyn thu bao (RA: Routing Area) S VLR Cc a ch GGSN ca tng GGSN c kt ni tch cc 2.4.3.2. GGSN

GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node: Nt h tr GPRS cng) l mt SGSN kt ni vi cc mng s liu khc. Tt c cc cuc truyn thng s liu t thu bao n cc mng ngoi u qua GGSN. Cng nh SGSN, n lu c hai kiu s liu: thng tin thu bao v thng tin v tr. S liu thu bao lu trong GGSN: IMSI Cc a ch PDP S liu v tr lu trong GGSN: a ch SGSN hin thu bao ang ni n GGSN ni n Internet thng qua giao din Gi v n BG thng qua Gp. 2.4.3.3. BG BG (Border Gatway: Cng bin gii) l mt cng gia min PS ca PLMN vi cc mng khc. Chc nng ca nt ny ging nh tng la ca Internet: m bo mng an ninh chng li cc tn cng bn ngoi. 2.4.3.4. VLR VLR (Visitor Location Register: b ghi nh v tm tr) l bn sao ca HLR cho mng phc v (SN: Serving Network). D liu thu bao cn thit cung cp cc dch v thu bao c copy t HLR v lu y. C MSC v SGSN u c VLR ni vi chng. S liu sau y c lu trong VLR: IMSI MSISDN TMSI (nu c) LA hin thi ca thu bao MSC/SGSN hin thi m thu bao ni n Ngoi ra VLR c th lu gi thng tin v cc dch v m thu bao c cung cp. C SGSN v MSC u c thc hin trn cng mt nt vt l vi VLR v th c gi l VLR/SGSN v VLR/MSC. 2.4.3.5. MSC MSC thc hin cc kt ni CS gia u cui v mng. N thc hin cc chc nng bo hiu v chuyn mch cho cc thu bao trong vng qun l ca mnh. Chc nng ca MSC trong UMTS ging chc nng MSC trong GSM, nhng n c nhiu kh nng hn. Cc kt ni CS c thc hin trn giao din CS gia UTRAN v MSC. Cc MSC c ni n cc mng ngoi qua GMSC. 2.4.3.6. GMSC GMSC c th l mt trong s cc MSC. GMSC chu trch nhim thc hin cc chc nng nh tuyn n vng c MS. Khi mng ngoi tm cch kt ni n PLMN ca mt nh khai thc, GMSC nhn yu cu thit lp kt ni v hi HLR v MSC hin thi qun l MS. 2.4.3.7. Mi trng nh Mi trng nh (HE: Home Environment) lu cc h s thu bao ca hng khai thc. N cng cung cp cho cc mng phc v (SN: Serving Network) cc thng tin v thu bao v v cc cn thit nhn thc ngi s dng v tnh cc cho cc dch v cung cp. Tt c cc dch v c cung cp v cc dch v b cm u c lit k y. B ghi nh v thng tr (HLR)

HLR l mt c s d liu c nhim v qun l cc thu bao di ng. Mt mng di ng c th cha nhiu HLR ty thuc vo s lng thu bao, dung lng ca tng HLR v t chc bn trong mng. C s d liu ny cha IMSI (International Mobile Subsscriber Identity: s nhn dng thu bao di ng quc t), t nht mt MSISDN (Mobile Station ISDN: s thu bao c trong danh b in thoi) v t nht mt a ch PDP (Packet Data Protocol: Giao thc s liu gi). C IMSI v MSISDN c th s dng lm kho truy nhp n cc thng tin c lu khc. nh tuyn v tnh cc cc cuc gi, HLR cn lu gi thng tin v SGSN v VLR no hin ang chu trch nhim thu bao. Cc dch v khc nh chuyn hng cuc gi, tc s liu v th thoi cng c trong danh sch cng vi cc hn ch dch v nh cc hn ch chuyn mng. HLR v AuC l hai nt mng logic, nhng thng c thc hin trong cng mt nt vt l. HLR lu gi mi thng tin v ngi s dng v ng k thu bao. Nh: thng tin tnh cc, cc dch v no c cung cp v cc dch v no b t chi v thng tin chuyn hng cuc gi. Nhng thng tin quan trng nht l hin VLR v SGSN no ang ph trch ngi s dng. Trung tm nhn thc (AuC) AUC (Authentication Center) lu gi ton b s liu cn thit nhn thc, mt m ha v bo v s ton vn thng tin cho ngi s dng. N lin kt vi HLR v c thc hin cng vi HLR trong cng mt nt vt l. Tuy nhin cn m bo rng AuC ch cung cp thng tin v cc vect nhn thc (AV: Authetication Vector) cho HLR. AuC lu gi kha b mt chia s K cho tng thu bao cng vi tt c cc hm to kha t f0 n f5. N to ra cc AV, c trong thi gian thc khi SGSN/VLR yu cu hay khi ti x l thp, ln cc AV d tr. B ghi nhn dng thit b (EIR) EIR (Equipment Identity Register) chu trch nhim lu cc s nhn dng thit b di ng quc t (IMEI: International Mobile Equipment Identity). y l s nhn dng duy nht cho thit b u cui. C s d liu ny c chia thnh ba danh mc: danh mc trng, xm v en. Danh mc trng cha cc s IMEI c php truy nhp mng. Danh mc xm cha IMEI ca cc u cui ang b theo di cn danh mc en cha cc s IMEI ca cc u cui b cm truy nhp mng. Khi mt u cui c thng bo l b mt cp, IMEI ca n s b t vo danh mc en v th n b cm truy nhp mng. Danh mc ny cng c th c s dng cm cc seri my c bit khng c truy nhp mng khi chng khng hot ng theo tiu chun. 2.4.4. Cc mng ngoi Cc mng ngoi khng phi l b phn ca h thng UMTS, nhng chng cn thit m bo truyn thng gia cc nh khai thc. Cc mng ngoi c th l cc mng in thoi nh: PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network: mng di ng mt t cng cng), PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network: Mng in thoi chuyn mch cng cng), ISDN hay cc mng s liu nh Internet. Min PS kt ni n cc mng s liu cn min CS ni n cc mng in thoi. 2.4.5. Cc giao din

Vai tr cc cc nt khc nhau ca mng ch c nh ngha thng qua cc giao din khc nhau. Cc giao din ny c nh ngha cht ch cc nh sn xut c th kt ni cc phn cng khc nhau ca h. Giao din Cu. Giao din Cu l giao din chun cho cc card thng minh. Trong UE y l ni kt ni gia USIM v UE Giao din Uu. Giao din Uu l giao din v tuyn ca WCDMA trong UMTS. y l giao din m qua UE truy nhp vo phn c nh ca mng. Giao din ny nm gia nt B v u cui. Giao din Iu. Giao din Iu kt ni UTRAN v CN. N gm hai phn, IuPS cho min chuyn mch gi, IuCS cho min chuyn mch knh. CN c th kt ni n nhiu UTRAN cho c giao din IuCS v IuPS. Nhng mt UTRAN ch c th kt ni n mt im truy nhp CN. Giao din Iur. y l giao din RNC-RNC. Ban u c thit k m bo chuyn giao mm gia cc RNC, nhng trong qu trnh pht trin nhiu tnh nng mi c b sung. Giao din ny m bo bn tnh nng ni bt sau: 1. Di ng gia cc RNC 2. Lu thng knh ring 3. Lu thng knh chung 4. Qun l ti nguyn ton cc Giao din Iub. Giao din Iub ni nt B v RNC. Khc vi GSM y l giao din m. 2.5. Kin trc 3G WCDMA UMTS R4 Hnh 1.10 cho thy kin trc c s ca 3G UMTS R4. S khc nhau c bn gia R3 v R4 l ch khi ny mng li l mng phn b v chuyn mch mm. Thay cho vic c cc MSC chuyn mch knh truyn thng nh kin trc trc, kin trc chuyn mch phn b v chuyn mch mm c a vo. V cn bn, MSC c chia thnh MSC server v cng cc phng tin (MGW: Media Gateway). MSC cha tt c cc phn mm iu khin cuc gi, qun l di ng c mt MSC tiu chun. Tuy nhin n khng cha ma trn chuyn mch. Ma trn chuyn mch nm trong MGW c MSC Server iu khin v c th t xa MSC Server.

Hnh 2.7. Kin trc mng phn b ca pht hnh 3GPP R4 Bo hiu iu khin cc cuc gi chuyn mch knh c thc hin gia RNC v MSC Server. ng truyn cho cc cuc gi chuyn mch knh c thc hin gia RNC v MGW. Thng thng MGW nhn cc cuc gi t RNC v nh tuyn cc cuc gi ny n ni nhn trn cc ng trc gi. Trong nhiu trng hp ng trc gi s dng Giao thc truyn ti thi gian thc (RTP: Real Time Transport Protocol) trn Giao thc Internet (IP). T hnh 1.10 ta thy lu lng s liu gi t RNC i qua SGSN v t SGSN n GGSN trn mng ng trc IP. C s liu v ting u c th s dng truyn ti IP bn trong mng li. y l mng truyn ti hon ton IP. Ti ni m mt cuc gi cn chuyn n mt mng khc, PSTN chng hn, s c mt cng cc phng tin khc (MGW) c iu khin bi MSC Server cng (GMSC server). MGW ny s chuyn ting thoi c ng gi thnh PCM tiu chun a n PSTN. Nh vy chuyn i m ch cn thc hin ti im ny. th d, ta gi thit rng nu ting giao din v tuyn c truyn ti tc 12,2 kbps, th tc ny ch phi chuyn vo 64 kbps MGW giao tip vi PSTN. Truyn ti kiu ny cho php tit kim ng k rng bng tn nht l khi cc MGW cch xa nhau. Giao thc iu khin gia MSC Server hoc GMSC Server vi MGW l giao thc ITU H.248. Giao thc ny c ITU v IETF cng tc pht trin. N c tn l iu khin cng cc phng tin (MEGACO: Media Gateway Control). Giao thc iu khin cuc gi gia MSC Server v GMSC Server c th l mt giao thc iu khin cuc gi bt k. 3GPP ngh s dng (khng bt buc) giao thc iu khin cuc gi c lp vt mang (BICC: Bearer Independent Call Control) c xy dng trn c s khuyn ngh Q.1902 ca ITU. Trong nhiu trng hp MSC Server h tr c cc chc nng ca GMSC Server. Ngoi ra MGW c kh nng giao din vi c RAN v PSTN. Khi ny cuc gi n hoc t PSTN c th chuyn ni ht, nh vy c th tit kim ng k u t.

 lm th d ta xt trng hp khi mt RNC c t ti thnh ph A v c iu khin bi mt MSC t ti thnh ph B. Gi s thu bao thnh ph A thc hin cuc gi ni ht. Nu khng c cu trc phn b, cuc gi cn chuyn t thnh ph A n thnh ph B (ni c MSC) u ni vi thu bao PSTN ti chnh thnh ph A. Vi cu trc phn b, cuc gi c th c iu khin ti MSC Server thnh ph B nhng ng truyn cc phng tin thc t c th vn thnh ph A, nh vy gim ng k yu cu truyn dn v gi thnh khai thc mng. T hnh 1.10 ta cng thy rng HLR cng c th c gi l Server thu bao ti nh (HSS: Home Subscriber Server). HSS v HLR c chc nng tng ng, ngoi tr giao din vi HSS l giao din trn c s truyn ti gi (IP chng hn) trong khi HLR s dng giao din trn c s bo hiu s 7. Ngoi ra cn c cc giao din (khng c trn hnh v) gia SGSN vi HLR/HSS v gia GGSN vi HLR/HSS. Rt nhiu giao thc c s dng bn trong mng li l cc giao thc trn c s gi s dng hoc IP hoc ATM. Tuy nhin mng phi giao din vi cc mng truyn thng qua vic s dng cc cng cc phng tin. Ngoi ra mng cng phi giao din vi cc mng SS7 tiu chun. Giao din ny c thc hin thng qua cng SS7 (SS7 GW). y l cng m mt pha n h tr truyn ti bn tin SS7 trn ng truyn ti SS7 tiu chun, pha kia n truyn ti cc bn tin ng dng SS7 trn mng gi (IP chng hn). Cc thc th nh MSC Server, GMSC Server v HSS lin lc vi cng SS7 bng cch s dng cc giao thc truyn ti c thit k c bit mang cc bn tin SS7 mng IP. B giao thc ny c gi l Sigtran. 2.6. Kin trc 3G WCDMA UMTS R5 v R6 Bc pht trin tip theo ca UMTS l a ra kin trc mng a phng tin IP (hnh 2.8). Bc pht trin ny th hin s thay i ton b m hnh cuc gi. y c ting v s liu c x l ging nhau trn ton b ng truyn t u cui ca ngi s dng n ni nhn cui cng. C th coi kin trc ny l s hi t ton din ca ting v s liu.

Hnh 2.8. Kin trc mng 3GPP R5 v R6 im mi ca R5 v R6 l n a ra mt min mi c gi l phn h a phng tin IP (IMS: IP Multimedia Subsystem). y l mt min mng IP c thit k h tr cc dch v a phng tin thi gian thc IP. T hnh 2.8 ta thy ting v s liu khng cn cc giao din cch bit; ch c mt giao din Iu duy nht mang tt c phng tin. Trong mng li giao din ny kt cui ti SGSN v khng c MGW ring. Phn h a phng tin IP (IMS) cha cc phn t sau: Chc nng iu khin trng thi kt ni (CSCF: Connection State Control Function), Chc nng ti nguyn a phng tin (MRF: Multimedia Resource Function), chc nng iu khin cng cc phng tin (MGCF: Media Gateway Control Function), Cng bo hiu truyn ti (T-SGW: Transport Signalling Gateway) v Cng bo hiu chuyn mng (R-SGW: Roaming Signalling Gateway). Mt nt quan trng ca kin trc ton IP l thit b ca ngi s dng c tng cng rt nhiu. Nhiu phn mm c ci t UE. Trong thc t, UE h tr giao thc khi u phin (SIP: Session Initiation Protocol). UE tr thnh mt tc nhn ca ngi s dng SIP. Nh vy, UE c kh nng iu khin cc dch v ln hn trc rt nhiu. CSCF qun l vic thit lp , duy tr v gii phng cc phin a phng tin n v t ngi s dng. N bao gm cc chc nng nh: phin dch v nh tuyn. CSCF hot ng nh mt i din Server /h tch vin. SGSN v GGSN l cc phin bn tng cng ca cc nt c s dng GPRS v UMTS R3 v R4. im khc nhau duy nht l ch cc nt ny khng ch h tr dch v s liu gi m c dch v chuyn mch knh (ting chng hn). V th cn h tr cc kh nng cht lng dch v (QoS) hoc bn trong SGSN v GGSN hoc t nht cc Router kt ni trc tip vi chng.

Chc nng ti nguyn a phng tin (MRF) l chc nng lp cu hi nghi c s dng h tr cc tnh nng nh t chc cuc gi nhiu pha v dch v hi ngh . Cng bo hiu truyn ti (T-SGW) l mt cng bo hiu SS7 m bo tng tc SS7 vi cc mng tiu chun ngoi nh PSTN. T-SGW h tr cc giao thc Sigtran. Cng bo hiu chuyn mng (R-SGW) l mt nt m bo tng tc bo hiu vi cc mng di ng hin c s dng SS7 tiu chun. Trong nhiu trng hp T-SGW v R-SGW cng tn ti trn cng mt nn tng. MGW thc hin tng tc vi cc mng ngoi mc ng truyn a phng tin. MGW kin trc mng ca UMTS R5 c chc nng ging nh R4. MGW c iu khin bi Chc nng cng iu khin cc phng tin (MGCF). Giao thc iu khin gia cc thc th ny l ITU-T H.248. MGCF cng lin lc vi CSCF. Giao thc c chn cho giao din ny l SIP. Tuy nhin c th nhiu nh khai thc vn s dng n kt hp vi cc min chuyn mch knh trong R3 v R4. iu ny cho php chuyn i dn dn t cc phin bn R3 v R4 sang R5. Mt s cc cuc gi thoi c th vn s dng min CS mt s cc dch v khc chng hn video c th c thc hin qua R5 IMS. Cu hnh lai ghp c th hin trn hnh 2.9

Hnh 2.9. Chuyn i dn t R4 sang R5 2.7. Chin lc dch chuyn t GSM sang UMTS Trong phn ny ta s xt chin lc dch chuyn t GSM sang UMTS ca hng Alcatel. Alcatel d kin pht trin RAN t GSM ln 3G UMTS theo ba pht hnh: 3GR1, 3GR2 v 3GR3. Vi mi pht hnh, cc sn phm mi v cc tnh nng mi c a ra. 2.7.1. 3GR1 : Kin trc mng UMTS chng ln Pht hnh 3GP1 da trn pht hnh ca 3GPP vo thng 3 v cc c t k thut vo thng 6 nm 2000. Pht hnh u ca 3GR1 ch h tr UTRA-FDD v s c trin khai chng ln ln GSM. Chin lc dch chuyn t GSM sang UMTS pht hnh 3GR1 c chia thnh ba giai on c k hiu l R1.1, R1.2 v R1.3 (R: Release: pht hnh). Trong cc pht

hnh ny cc phn cng v cc tnh nng mi c a ra. Cc nt B c gi l MBS (Multistandard Base Station: trm gc a tiu chun). Tuy nhin MBS V1 ch n thun l nt B, ch MBS V2 mi thc s a tiu chun v cha cc chc nng ca c nt B v BTS trong cng mt hp my. Tng t RNC V2 v OMC-R V2 c a ra phc v cho c UMTS v GSM.

Hnh 2.10. Kin trc ng tn ti GSM v UMTS (pht hnh 3GR1.1) 2.7.2. 3GR2 : Tch hp cc mng UMTS v GSM Trong giai on trin khai UMTS th hai s tch hp u tin gia hai mng s c thc hin bng cch a ra cc thit b a tiu chun nh: Nt B kt hp BTS (MBS V2) v RNC kt hp BSC (RNC V2). Cc chc nng khai thc v bo dng mng v tuyn cng c th c thc hin chung bi cng mt OMC-R (V2). Hnh 2.11 m t kin trc mng RAN tch hp ca giai on hai.

Hnh 2.11. Kin trc mng RAN tch hp pht hnh 3GR2 (R2.1). 2.7.3. 3GR3 : Kin trc RAN thng nht Trong kin trc RAN ca pht hnh ny c xy dng trn c s pht hnh R5 vo thng 9 nm 2000 ca 3GPP. Trong pht hnh ny RAN chung cho c h thng UMTS v GSM. C UTRA-FDD v UTRA-TDD u c h tr. Giao thc truyn ti c thng nht cho GSM, E-GPRS v UMTS, ngoi ra c th ATM kt hp IP. GERAN (GSM/EDGE RAN) cng s c h tr bi pht hnh ny ca mng. Kin trc RAN ca 3GR1.3 c th hin trn hnh 2.12.

Hnh 2.12. Kin trc RAN thng nht ca 3GR3.1 2.8. Cu hnh a l ca h thng thng tin di ng 3G Do tnh cht di ng ca thu bao di ng nn mng di ng phi c t chc theo mt cu trc a l nht nh mng c th theo di c v tr ca thu bao. 2.8.1. Phn chia theo vng mng Trong mt quc gia c th c nhiu vng mng vin thng, vic gi vo mt vng mng no phi c thc hin thng qua tng i cng. Cc vng mng di ng 3G c i din bng tng i cng GMSC hoc GGSN. Tt c cc cuc gi n mt mng di ng t mt mng khc u c nh tuyn n GMSC hoc GGSN. Tng i ny lm vic nh mt tng i trung k vo cho mng 3G. y l ni thc hin chc nng hi nh tuyn cuc gi kt cui trm di ng. GMSC/GGSN cho php h thng nh tuyn cc cuc gi vo t mng ngoi n ni nhn cui cng: cc trm di ng b gi. 2.8.2. Phn chia theo vng phc v MSC/VLR v SGSN Mt mng thng tin di ng c phn chia thnh nhiu vng nh hn, mi vng nh ny c phc v bi mt MSC/VLR (hnh 2.13a). hay SGSN (2.13b) Ta gi y l vng phc v ca MSC/VLR hay SGSN.

Hnh 2.13. Phn chia mng thnh cc vng phc v ca MSC/VLR v SGSN nh tuyn mt cuc gi n mt thu bao di ng, ng truyn qua mng s c ni n MSC ang phc v thu bao di ng cn gi. mi vng phc v MSC/VLR thng tin v thu bao c ghi li tm thi VLR. Thng tin ny bao gm hai loi: Thng tin v ng k v cc dch v ca thu bao. Thng tin v v tr ca thu bao (thu bao ang vng nh v hoc vng nh tuyn no). 2.8.3. Phn chia theo vng nh v v vng nh tuyn Mi vng phc v MSC/VLR c chia thnh mt s vng nh v: LA (Location Area) (hnh 2.14a). Mi vng phc v ca SGSN c chia thnh cc vng nh tuyn (RA: Routing Area) (2.14b).

Hnh 2.14. Phn chia vng phc v ca MSC/VLR v SGSN thnh cc vng nh v (LA: Location Area) v nh tuyn (RA: Routing Area) Vng nh v (hay vng nh tuyn l mt phn ca vng phc v MSC/VLR (hay SGSN) m mt trm di ng c th chuyn ng t do v khng cn cp nht thng tin v v tr cho MSC/VLR (hay SGSN) qun l v tr ny. C th ni vng nh v (hay vng nh tuyn) l v tr c th nht ca trm di ng m mng cn bit nh tuyn cho mt cuc gi n n. vng nh v ny thng bo tm s c pht qung b tm thu bao di ng b gi. H thng c th nhn dng vng nh v bng cch s dng nhn dng vng nh v (LAI: Location Area Identity) hay nhn dng vng nh tuyn (RAI Routing Area Identity). Vng nh v (hay vng nh tuyn) c th bao gm mt s v thuc mt hay nhiu RNC, nhng ch thuc mt MSC (hay mt SGSN). 2.8.4. Phn chia theo Vng nh v hay vng nh tuyn c chia thnh mt s (hnh 2.15).

Hnh 2.15 Phn chia LA v RA l mt vng ph v tuyn c mng nhn dng bng nhn dng ton cu (CGI: Cell Global Identity). Trm di ng nhn dng bng m nhn dng trm gc (BSIC: Base Station Identity Code). Vng ph ca cc thng c m phng bng hnh lc gic tin cho vic tnh ton thit k. 2.8.5. Mu

Mu c hai kiu: v hng ngang (omnidirectional) v phn on (sectorized). Cc mu ny c cho trn hnh 2.16.

Hnh 2.16. Cc kiu mu v hng ngang (hnh 2.16a) nhn c t pht x ca mt anten c bp sng trn trong mt ngang (mt phng song song vi mt t) v bp sng c hng chc xung mt t trong mt ng (mt phng vung gc vi mt t). phn on (hnh 2.16b) l nhn c t pht x ca ba anten vi hng pht x cc i lch nhau 1200. Cc anten ny c bp sng dng na s 8 trong mt ngang v trong mt ng bp sng ca chng chc xung mt t. Trong mt s trng hp phn on c th c to ra t pht x ca nhiu hn ba anten. Trong thc t mu c th rt a dng ty vo a hnh cn ph sng. Tuy nhin cc mu nh trn hnh 2.16 thng c s dng thit k cho s ph sng chun. 2.8.6. Tng kt phn chia vng a l trong cc h thng thng tin di ng 3G Trong cc kin trc mng bao gm c min chuyn mch knh v min chuyn mch gi, vng phc mng khng ch c phn chia thnh cc vng nh v (LA) m cn c phn chia thnh cc vng nh tuyn (RA: Routing Area). Cc vng nh v (LA: Location Area) l khi nim qun l di ng ca min CS k tha t mng GSM. Cc vng nh tuyn (RA: Routing Area) l cc thc th ca min PS. Mng li PS s dng RA tm gi. Nhn dng thu bao P-TMSI (Packet- Temporary Mobile Subsscriber Identity: nhn dng thu bao di ng gi tm thi) l duy nht trong mt RA. Trong mng truy nhp v tuyn, RA li c chia tip thnh cc vng ng k UTRAN (URA: UTRAN Registration Area). Tm gi khi xng UTRAN s dng URA khi knh bo hiu u cui c thit lp. URA khng th nhn thy c bn ngoi UTRAN. Quan h gia cc vng c phn cp nh cho hnh 2.17 ( khng c th hin). LA thuc 3G MSC v RA thuc 3G SGSN. URA thuc RNC. Theo di v tr theo URA v trong UTRAN c thc hin khi c kt ni RRC (Radio Resource Control: iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn) cho knh bo hiu u cui. Nu khng c kt ni RRC, 3G SGSN thc hin tm gi v cp nht thng tin v tr c thc hin theo RA.

Hnh 2.17. Cc khi nim phn chia vng a l trong 3G WCDMA UMTS.

2.9. Tng kt Chng ny trc ht xt tng quan qu trnh pht trin thng tin di ng ln 4G. Nu cng ngh a truy nhp cho 3G l CDMA th cng ngh a truy nhp cho 4G l OFDMA. Sau kin trc mng 3G c xt. Mng li 3G bao gm hai vng chuyn mch: (1) vng chuyn mch cc dch v CS v (2) vng chuyn mch cc dch v PS. Cc pht hnh nh du cc mc quan trng pht trin mng 3G WCDMA UMTS c xt: R3, R4, R5 v R6. R3 bao gm hai min chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch gi trong kt ni gia cc nt chuyn mch gi l TDM (ghp knh theo thi gian). R4 l s pht trin ca R3 trong min chuyn mch knh chuyn thnh chuyn mch mm v kt ni gia cc nt mng bng IP. R5 v R6 h tr cc dch v a phng tin IP hon ton da trn chuyn mch gi. p ng c nhim v ny ngoi min chuyn mch gi, mng c b sung thm phn h a phng tin IP (IMS). Ct li ca IMS l CSCF thc hin khi u kt ni a phng tin IP da trn giao thc khi u phin (SIP Session Initiation Protocol). Ngoi ra IMS vn cn cha chuyn mch mm h tr dch v chuyn mch knh (MGCF). Hin nay mng 3GWCDMA UMTS ang giai don chuyn dn t R4 sang R5 (hnh 1.12). Cui chng trnh by cu trc a l ca mt mng thng tin di ng 3G c cha c vng chuyn mch knh v vng chuyn mch gi.

Chng 3

TRUY NHP GI TC CAO (HSPA)

3.1.Gii thiu chung 3.1.1. Mc ch chng Hiu kin trc ngn xp giao thc giao din v tuyn HSDPA Hiu c cc s lp biu (Scheduler) v HARQ p dng cho HSPA Hiu c kin trc HSDPA v cc knh ca n Hiu c kin trc HSUPA v cc knh ca n Hiu c chuyn giao trong HSDPA 3.1.2. Cc ch c trnh by trong chng Tng quan HSPA Kin trc giao din v tuyn ca HSPA HSDPA HSUPA Chuyn giao HSDPA 3.1.3. Hng dn Hc k cc t liu c trnh by trong chng Tham kho cc ti liu tham kho nu cn 3.2.Tng quan truy nhp gi tc cao (HSPA) 3.2.1. M u Truy nhp gi tc cao ng xung (HSDPA: High Speed Down Link Packet Access) c 3GPP chun ha ra trong R5 vi phin bn tiu chun u tin vo nm 2002. Truy nhp gi ng ln tc cao (HSUPA) c 3GPP chun ha trong R6 v thng 12 nm 2004. C hai HSDPA v HSUPA c gi chung l HSPA. Cc mng HSDPA u tin c a vo thng mi vo nm 2005 v HSUPA c a vo thng mi vo nm 2007. Cc thng s tc nh ca R6 HSPA c cho trong bng 3.1. Bng 3.1. Cc thng s tc nh R6 HSPA HSDPA (R6) HSUPA (R6) Tc nh (Mbps) 14,4 5,7 Tc s liu nh ca HSDPA lc u l 1,8Mbps v tng n 3,6 Mbps v 7,2Mbps vo nm 2006 v 2007, tim nng c th t n trn 14,4Mbps nm 2008. Trong giai on u tc nh HSUPA l 1-2Mbps trong giai on hai tc ny c th t n 4-5,7 Mbps vo nm 2008. HSPA c trin khai trn WCDMA hoc trn cng mt sng mang hoc s dng mt sng mang khc t c dung lng cao (xem Hnh 3.1).

Hnh 3.1. Trin khai HSPA vi sng mang ring (f2) hoc chung sng mang vi WCDMA (f1). HSPA chia s chung h tng mng vi WCDMA. nng cp WCDMA ln HSPA ch cn b sung phn mm v mt vi phn cng nt B v RNC. Lc u HSPA c thit k cho cc dch v tc cao phi thi gian thc, tuy nhin R6 v R7 ci thin hiu sut ca HSPA cho VoIP v cc ng dng tng t khc. Khc vi WCDMA trong tc s liu trn cc giao din nh nhau (384 kbps cho tc cc i chng hn), tc s liu HSPA trn cc giao din khc nhau. Hnh 3.2 minh ha iu ny cho HSDPA. Tc nh (14,4Mbps trn 2 ms) ti u cui ch xy ra trong thi im iu kin knh truyn tt v th tc trung bnh c th khng qu 3Mbps. m bo truyn lu lng mang tnh cm ny, nt cn c b m lu li lu lng v b lp biu truyn lu lng ny trn h tng mng.

Hnh 3.2. Tc s liu khc nhau trn cc giao din (trng hp HSDPA) 3.3. Kin trc ngn xp giao thc giao din v tuyn HSPA cho s liu ngi s dng Hnh 3.3 cho thy kin trc giao din v tuyn HSDPA v HSUPA cho s liu ngi s dng. Mt phng bo hiu khng c th hin trn Hnh 3.3 (trong mt phng ny bo hiu c ni n RLC sau c a ln DCH hay HSDPA hoc HSUPA). S liu t cc dch v khc nhau c nn tiu IP ti PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol). MAC-hs (High Speed: tc cao) thc hin chc nng lp biu nhanh da trn nt B. i vi HSDPA chc nng MAC mi (MAC-hs) c t trong nt B x l pht li nhanh da trn HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request: yu cu pht li t ng lai ghp), lp biu v u tin. i vi HSUPA chc nng MAC mi (MAC-e) c t trong nt B x l pht li nhanh da trn HARQ, lp biu v u tin. Ti UE chc nng MAC-e mi c s dng x l lp biu v HARQ di s iu khin ca MAC-e trong nt B. Chc nng MAC mi (MAC-es) c t trong RNC sp xp li th t gi trc khi chuyn ln cc lp trn. S

sp xp li ny l cn thit, v ca chuyn giao mm c th dn n cc gi t cc nt B khc nhau n RNC khng theo th t.

MAC-hs: High Speed MAC: MAC tc cao MAC-e: E-DCH MAC: MAC knh E-DCH, MAC-es: thc th MAC knh E-DCH sp t li th t Hnh 3.3. Kin trc giao din v tuyn HSDPA v HSUPA cho s liu ngi s dng Hnh 3.4 cho thy cc chc nng mi trong cc phn t ca WCDMA khi a vo HSPA.

Hnh 3.4. Cc chc nng mi trong cc phn t ca WCDMA khi a vo HSPA. 3.4.Truy nhp gi tc cao ng xung (HSDPA) HSDPA c thit k tng thng lng s liu gi ng xung bng cch kt hp cc cng ngh lp vt l: truyn dn kt hp pht li nhanh v thch ng nhanh c truyn theo s iu khin ca nt B. 3.4.1 Truyn dn knh chia s c im ch yu ca HSDPA l truyn dn knh chia s. Trong truyn dn knh chia s, mt b phn ca tng ti nguyn v tuyn ng xung kh dng trong (cng sut pht v m nh knh trong WCDMA) c coi l ti nguyn chung c chia s ng theo thi gian gia cc ngi s dng. Truyn dn knh chia s c thc hin thng qua knh chia s ng xung tc cao (HS-DSCH: High-Speed Dowlink Shared Channel). HS-DSCH cho php cp pht nhanh mt b phn ti nguyn ng xung truyn s liu cho mt ngi s dng c th. Phng php ny ph hp cho cc ng dng s liu gi thng c truyn theo dng cm v v th c cc yu cu v ti nguyn thay i nhanh. Cu trc c s thi gian v m ca HS-DSCH c cho trn Hnh 3.5. Ti nguyn m cho HS-DSCH bao gm mt tp m nh knh c h s tri ph 16 (xem phn trn ca Hnh 3.5), trong s m c th s dng lp cu hnh cho HS-DSCH nm trong khong t 1 n 15. Cc m khng dnh cho HS-DSCH c s dng cho mc ch khc, chng hn cho bo hiu iu khin, cc dch v MBMS hay cc dch v chuyn mch knh.

Hnh 3.5. Cu trc thi gian-m ca HS-DSCH Phn di ca Hnh 3.5 m t n nh ti nguyn m HS-DSCH cho tng ngi s dng trn c s TTI=2ms (TTI: Transmit Time Interval: Khong thi gian truyn dn). HSPDA s dng TTI ngn gim tr v ci thin qu trnh bm theo cc thay i ca knh cho mc ch iu khin tc v lp biu ph thuc knh (s xt trong phn di). Ngoi vic c n nh mt b phn ca tng ti nguyn m kh dng, mt phn tng cng sut kh dng ca phi c n nh cho truyn dn HS-DSCH. Lu rng HS-DSCH khng c iu khin cng sut m c iu khin tc . Trong trng hp s dng chung tn s vi WCDMA, sau khi phc v cc knh WCDMA, phn cng sut cn li c th c s dng cho HS-DSCH, iu ny cho php khai thc hiu qu tng ti nguyn cng sut kh dng. 3.4.2. Lp biu ph thuc knh Lp biu (Scheduler) iu khin vic dnh knh chia s cho ngi s dng no ti mt thi im cho trc. B lp biu ny l mt phn t then cht v quyt nh rt ln n tng hiu nng ca h thng, c bit khi mng c ti cao. Trong mi TTI, B lp biu quyt nh HS-DSCH s c pht n ngi (hoc cc ngi) s dng no kt hp cht ch vi c ch iu khin tc (ti tc s liu no). Dung lng h thng c th c tng ng k khi c xt n cc iu kin knh trong quyt nh lp biu: lp biu ph thuc knh. V trong mt , cc iu kin ca cc ng truyn v tuyn i vi cc UE khc nhau thay i c lp, nn ti tng thi im lun lun tn ti mt ng truyn v tuyn c cht lng knh gn vi nh ca n (Hnh 3.6). V th c th truyn tc s liu cao i vi ng truyn v tuyn ny. Gii php ny cho php h thng t c dung lng cao. li nhn c khi truyn dn dnh cho cc ngi s dng c cc iu kin ng truyn v tuyn thun li thng c gi l phn tp a ngi s dng v li ny cng ln khi thay i knh cng ln v s ngi s dng trong mt cng ln. V th tri vi quan im truyn thng rng phainh nhanh l hiu ng khng mong mun v rng cn chng li n, bng cch lp biu ph thuc knh phainh c li v cn khai thc n.

Chin lc ca b lp biu thc t l khai thc cc thay i ngn hn (do phainh a ng) v cc thay i nhiu nhanh nhng vn duy tr c tnh cng bng di hn gia cc ngi s dng. V nguyn tc, s mt cng bng di hn cng ln th dung lng cng cao. V th cn cn i gia tnh cng bng v dung lng.

Hnh 3.6. Lp biu ph thuc knh cho HSDPA Ngoi cc iu kin knh, b lp biu cng cn xt n cc iu kin lu lng. Chng hn, s v ngha nu lp biu cho mt ngi s dng khng c s liu i truyn dn cho d iu kin knh ca ngi s dng ny tt. Ngoi ra mt s dch v cn c cho mc u tin cao hn. Chng hn cc dch v lung i hi c m bo tc s liu tng i khng i di hn, trong khi cc dch v nn nh ti xung khng c yu cu gt gao v tc s liu khng i di hn. Nguyn l lp biu ca HSDPA c cho trn Hnh 3.7. Nt B nh gi cht lng knh ca tng ngi s dng HSDPA tch cc da trn thng tin phn hi nhn c t ng ln. Sau lp biu v thch ng ng truyn c tin hnh theo gii thut lp biu v s u tin ngi s dng.

Hnh 3.7. Nguyn l lp biu HSDPA ca nt B 3.4.3. iu khin tc v iu ch bc cao

iu khin tc c coi l phng tin thch ng ng truyn cho cc dch v truyn s liu hiu qu hn so vi iu khin cng sut thng c s dng trong CDMA, c bit l khi n c s dng cng vi lp biu ph thuc knh. i vi HSDPA, iu khin tc c thc hin bng cch iu chnh ng t l m ha knh v chn la ng gia iu ch QPSK v 16QAM. iu ch bc cao nh 16QAM cho php t c mc s dng bng thng cao hn QPSK nhng i hi t s tn hiu trn tp m (Eb/N0) cao hn. V th 16 QAM ch yu ch hu ch trong cc iu kin knh thun li. Nt B la chn tc s liu c lp cho tng TTI 2ms v c ch iu iu khin tc c th bm cc thay i knh nhanh. 3.4.3.1. M ha knh HS-DSCH Do m ha turbo c hiu nng vt tri m ha xn nn HS-DSCH ch s dng m ha turbo. Nguyn l tng qut ca b m ha turbo nh sau (Hnh 3.8a). Lung s a vo b m ha turbo c chia thnh ba nhnh, nhnh th nht khng c m ha v cc bit ra ca nhnh ny c gi l cc bit h thng, nhnh th hai v th ba c m ha v cc bit ra ca chng c gi l cc bit chn l 1 v 2. Nh vy c mt bit vo th c ba bit ra, nn b m ha turbo ny c t l m l r=1/3. T l ny c th gim nu ta b bt mt s bit chn l v qu trnh ny c gi l c l (Hnh 3.8b).

Hnh 3.8. M ha turbo v c l 3.4.3.2. iu ch HS-DSCH HS-DSCH c th s dng iu ch QPSK v 16-QAM. Chm tn hiu QPSK v 16QAM c cho trn Hnh 3.9. iu ch QPSK ch cho php mi k hiu iu ch truyn c hai bit, trong khi iu ch 16QAM cho php mi k hiu iu ch truyn c bn bit v th 16QAM cho php truyn tc s liu cao hn. Tuy nhin t Hnh 3.9 ta thy khong cch gia hai im tn hiu trong chm tn hiu 16QAM li ngn hn khong cch ny trong chm tn hiu QPSK v v th kh nng chu nhiu v tp m ca 16QAM km hn QPSK.

Hnh 3.9. Chm tn hiu iu ch QPSK, 16-QAM v khong cch cc tiu gia hai im tn hiu 3.4.3.3. Truyn dn thch ng trn c s iu ch v m ha knh thch ng Truyn dn thch ng l qu trnh truyn dn trong tc s liu c thay i ty thuc vo cht lng ng truyn: tc ng truyn c tng khi cht lng ng truyn tt hn, ngc li tc ng truyn b gim. thay i tc truyn ph hp vi cht lng knh, h thng thc hin thay i s iu ch v t l m nn phng php ny c gi l iu ch v m ha thch ng (AMC: Adaptive Modulation and Coding). Chng hn khi cht lng ng truyn tt hn, h thng c th tng tc truyn dn s liu bng cch chn s iu ch 16QAM v tng t l m bng 3/4 bng cch c l, tri li khi cht lng truyn dn ti hn h thng c th gim tc truyn dn bng cch s dng s iu ch QPSK v khng c l gim t l bng 1/3. 3.4.4. HARQ vi kt hp mm HARQ vi kt hp mm cho php u cui yu cu pht li cc khi thu mc li, ng thi iu chnh mn t l m hiu dng v b tr cc li gy ra do c ch thch ng ng truyn. u cui gii m tng khi truyn ti m n nhn c ri bo co v nt B v vic gii m thnh cng hay tht bi c 5ms mt ln sau khi thu c khi ny. Cch lm ny cho php pht li nhanh chng cc khi s liu thu khng thnh cng v gim ng k tr lin quan pht li so vi pht hnh R3. Nguyn l x l pht li HSDPA c minh ha trn Hnh 3.10. u tin gi c nhn vo b nh m ca nt B. Ngay c khi gi c gi i nt B vn gi gi ny. Nu UE gii m tht bi n lu gi nhn c vo b nh m v gi lnh khng cng nhn (NAK) n nt B. Nt B pht li c gi hoc ch phn sa li ca gi ty thuc vo gi thuth kt hp gi ti UE. UE kt hp gi pht trc vi gi c pht li v gii m. Trong trng hp gii m pha thu tht bi, nt B thc hin pht li m khng cn RNC tham gia. My di ng thc hin kt hp cc pht li. Pht theo RNC ch thc hin khi xy ra s c hot ng lp vt l (li bo hiu chng hn). Pht li theo RNC s dng ch cng nhn RLC, pht li RLC khng thng xuyn xy ra.

Hnh 3.10. Nguyn l x l pht li ca nt B Khng nh HARQ truyn thng, trong kt hp mm, u cui khng loi b thng tin mm trong trng hp n khng th gii m c khi truyn ti m kt hp thng tin mm t cc ln pht trc vi pht li hin thi tng xc sut gii m thnh cng. Tng phn d (IR) c s dng lm c s cho kt hp mm trong HSDPA, ngha l cc ln pht li c th cha cc bit chn l khng c trong cc ln pht trc. IR c th cung cp li ng k khi t l m i vi ln pht u cao v cc bit chn l b sung lm gim tng t l m. V th IR ch yu hu ch trong tnh trng gii hn bng thng khi u cui gn trm gc v s lng cc m nh knh ch khng phi cng sut hn ch tc s liu kh dng. Nt B iu khin tp cc bit c m ha s s dng pht li c xt n dung lng nh kh dng ca UE. Cc Hnh 3.11 cho thy th d v s dng HARQ s dng m turbo c s t l m r=1/3 cho kt hp phn d tng. Trong ln pht u gi bao gm tt c cc bit thng tin cng vi mt s bit chn l c pht. n ln pht li ch cc bit chn l khc vi cc bit chn l c pht trong gi trc l c pht. Kt hp gi pht trc v gi pht sau cho ra mt gi c nhiu bit d sa li hn v v th y l s kt hp phn d tng.

Hnh 3.11. HARQ kt hp phn d tng s dng m turbo 3.4.4. Kin trc T cc phn trn ta thy rng cc k thut HSDPA da trn thch ng nhanh i vi cc thay i nhanh trong cc iu kin knh. V th cc k thut ny phi c t gn vi giao din v tuyn ti pha mng, ngha l ti nt B. Ngoi ra mt mc tiu quan trng ca HSDPA l duy tr ti a s phn chia chc nng gia cc lp v cc nt ca R3. Cn gim thiu s thay i kin trc, v iu ny s n gin ha vic a HSDPA vo cc mng trin khai cng nh m bo hot ng trong cc mi trng m khng phi tt c cc u c nng cp bng chc nng HSDPA. V th HSDPA a vo nt B mt lp con MAC mi, MA-hs, chu trch nhim cho lp biu, iu khin tc v khai thc giao thc HARQ. Do vy ngoi tr cc tng cng cho RNC nh iu khin cho php HSDPA i vi cc ngi s dng, HSDPA ch yu tc ng ln nt B (Hnh 3.12).

Hnh 3.12. Kin trc HSDPA Mi UE s dng HSDPA s thu truyn dn HS-DSCH t mt ( phc v). phc v chu trch nhim lp biu, iu khin tc , HARQ v cc chc nng MAC-hs khc cho HSDPA. Chuyn giao mm ng ln c h tr trong truyn dn s liu ng ln s thu c t nhiu v UE s nhn c cc lnh iu khin cng sut t nhiu . Di ng t mt h tr HSDPA n mt khng h tr HSDPA c x l d rng. C th m bo dch v khng b gin on cho ngi s dng (mc d ti tc s liu thp hn) bng chuyn mch knh trong RNC trong ngi s dng c chuyn mch n knh dnh ring (DCH) trong khng c HSDPA. Tng t, mt ngi s dng c trang b u cui c HSDPA c th chuyn mch t knh ring sang HSDPA khi ngi ny chuyn vo c h tr HSDPA. Cu trc knh tng th ca HSDPA kt hp WCDMA c cho trn Hnh 3.13.

Hnh 3.13. Cu trc knh HSDPA kt hp WCDMA Di y ta tng kt chc nng ca cc knh trong HSDPA: 1. HS-DSCH (High Speed- Downlink Shared Channel) l knh truyn ti c sp xp ln nhiu knh vt l HS-PDSCH truyn ti lu lng gi chia s cho nhiu ngi s dng,

trong mi HS-PDSCH c h s tri ph khng i v bng 16. Cu hnh cc i ca HSDSCH l 15SF16 (tng ng vi tc nh khi iu ch 16QAM v t l m 1/1 l 14,4Mbps). Cc ngi s dng chia s HS-DSCH theo s knh vt l HS-PDSCH (s m vi SF=16) v khong thi gian truyn dn TTI=2ms. 2. HS-SCCH (High Speed-Shared Control Channel) s dng h s tri ph 128 v c cu trc thi gian da trn mt khung con c di 2ms bng di ca HS-DSCH. Cc thng tin sau y c mang trn HS-SCCH: S m nh knh S iu ch Kch thc khi truyn ti Gi c pht l gi mi hay pht li (HARQ) hoc HARQ theo RNC RLC Phin bn d Phin bn chm tn hiu Khi HSDPA hot ng trong ch ghp theo thi gian, ch cn lp cu hnh mt HSSCCH, nhng kho HSDPA hot ng trong ch ghp theo m th cn c nhiu HSSCCH hn. Mt UE c th xem xt c nhiu nht l 4 HS-SCCH ty vo cu hnh c lp bi h thng. 3. HS-DPCCH (High Speed- Dedicated Physical Control Channel) ng ln c h s tri ph 256 v cu trc t 3 khe 2ms cha cc thng tin sau y: Thng tin phn hi (CQI: Channel Quality Indicator: ch th cht lng knh) bo cho b lp biu nt B v tc s liu m UE mong mun ACK/NAK (cng nhn v ph nhn) cho HARQ 4. DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel) i cng vi HS-DPCCH ng ln cha cc thng tin ging nh R3. 5. F-DPCH (Fractional- Dedicated Physical Channel) ng xung c h s tri ph 256 cha thng tin iu khin cng sut cho 10 ngi s dng tit kim ti nguyn m trong truyn dn gi 3.4.5. HSDPA MIMO MIMO l mt trong tnh nng mi c a vo R7 tng cc tc s liu nh thng qua truyn dn lung. Ni mt cch cht ch, MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) l mt cch th hin tng qut s s dng nhiu anten c pha pht v pha thu. Nhiu anten c th c s dng tng li phn tp v v th tng t s sng mang trn nhiu ti my thu. Tuy nhin thut ng ny thng c s dng biu th truyn dn nhiu lp hay nhiu lung nh l mt phng tin tng tc s liu n mc cc i c th trong mt knh cho trc. V th MIMO hay ghp knh khng gian c th nhn nhn nh l mt cng c ci thin thng lng ca ngi s dng u cui ging nh mt b khuch i tc s liu. V bn cht, ci thin thng lng ca ngi s dng u cui mt mc nht nh s dn n tng thng lng h thng. Cc s MIMO c thit k khai thc mt s thuc tnh ca mi trng truyn sng v tuyn nhm t c cc tc s liu cao bng cch pht i nhiu lung s liu song song. Tuy nhin t c cc tc s liu cao nh vy, cn m bo t s tn hiu trn nhiu cao tng ng ti my thu. V th ghp knh khng gian ch yu c p dng cho cc nh hn hay vng gn vi nt B, ni m thng thng t s tn hiu trn nhiu cao. Trong trng hp

khng th m bo t s tn hiu trn nhiu cao, nhiu anten thu m UE c nng lc MIMO c trang b c th c s dng cho phn tp thu cho mt lung pht n. V th mt UE c nng lc MIMO s m bo tc s liu cao hn ti bin trong cc ln so vi mt UE tng ng ch c mt anten. HSDPA MIMO h tr truyn dn hai lung. Mi lung c x l lp vt l nh nhau (m ha, tri ph v iu ch ging nh trng hp HSDPA mt lp). Sau m ha, tri ph v iu ch, tin m ha tuyn tnh da trn cc trng s phn hi t UE c s dng trc khi lung s c sp xp ln hai anten (Hnh 3.14).

Hnh 3.14. S MIMO 2x2 S trn cng c th hot ng trong ch truyn dn mt lung. Trong trng hp ny ch c mt lung s liu l c m ha v c truyn ng thi trn c hai anten ging nh trng hp phn tp pht vng kn ca WCDMA. S MIMO vi hai ch ny c gi l D-TxAA (Dual Transmit Adaptive Array: dn thch ng pht kp). Trong mi trng di ng thc t ch hai lung c s dng khi UE gn trm gc (ng truyn c cht lng tt) v mt lung c s dng khi UE xa trm gc (ng truyn c cht lng xu). Vic a vo MIMO s nh hng ch yu ln qu trnh x l lp vt l; nh hng ln lp giao thc l nh v cc lp trn ch yu nhn MIMO nh l mt tc s liu cao hn. 3.4.6. Tng tc nh bng vic s dng MIMO v iu ch bc cao 16QAM/64QAM Bng 4.2 cho thy qu trnh tng tc nh HSDPA bng vic s dng MIMO kt hp vi iu ch bc cao 16QAM/64QAM i vi cc loi u cui UE khc nhau. Bng 4.2. Cc loi u cui HSDPA khc nhau iu ch MIMO T l m Tc bit Pht hnh ha nh ca 3GPP (Mbps) QPSK 3/4 1,8 R5 16QAM 3/4 3,6 R5 16QAM 3/4 7,2 R5 16QAM 3/4 10,1 R5 16QAM Gn 1/1 14,0 R5 64QAM 5/6 17,4 R7 64QAM Gn 1/1 21,1 R7

Th loi

S m

12 5/6 7/8 9 10 13 14

5 5 10 15 15 15 15

15 16

15 15

16QAM 16QAM

2x2 2x2

5/6 Gn 1/1

23,4 28

R7 R7

3.5. TRUY NHP GI TC CAO NG LN (HSUPA) Ct li ca HSUPA cng s dng hai cng ngh c s nh HSDPA: lp biu nhanh v HARQ nhanh vi kt hp mm. Cng ging nh HSDPA, HSUPA s dng khong thi gian ngn 2ms cho TTI ng ln. Cc tng cng ny c thc hin trong WCDMA thng qua mt knh truyn ti mi, E-DCH (Enhanced Dedicated Channel: knh ring tng cng). Mc d s dng cc cng ngh ging HSDPA, HSUPA cng c mt s khc bit cn bn so vi HSDPA v cc khc bit ny nh hng ln vic thc hin chi tit cc tnh nng: Trn ng xung, cc ti nguyn chia s l cng sut v m u c t trong mt nt trung tm (nt B). Trn ng ln, ti nguyn chia s l i lng nhiu ng ln cho php, i lng ny ph thuc vo cng sut ca nhiu nt nm phn tn (cc nt UE) Trn ng xung b lp biu v cc b m pht c t trong cng mt nt, cn trn ng ln b lp biu c t trong nt B trong khi cc b m s liu c phn tn trong cc UE. V th cc UE phi thng bo thng tin v tnh trng b m cho b lp biu ng ln WCDMA v HSUPA khng trc giao v v th xy ra nhiu gia cc truyn dn trong cng mt . Tri li trn ng xung cc knh c pht trc giao. V th iu khin cng sut quan trng i vi ng ln x l vn gn xa. EDCH c pht vi khong dch cng sut tng i so vi knh iu khin ng ln c iu khin cng sut v bng cch iu chnh dch cng sut cho php cc i, b lp biu c th iu khin tc s liu E-DCH. Tri li i vi HSDPA, cng sut pht khng i ( mc nht nh) cng vi s dng thch ng tc s liu. Chuyn giao c E-DCH h tr. Vic thu s liu t u cui ti nhiu l c li v n m bo tnh phn tp, trong khi pht s liu t nhiu trong HSDPA l phc tp v cha chc c li lm. Chuyn giao mm cn c ngha l iu khin cng sut bi nhiu gim nhiu gy ra trong cc ln cn v duy tr tng tch ngc vi UE khng s dng E-DCH Trn ng xung, iu ch bc cao hn (c xt n hiu qu cng sut i vi hiu qu bng thng) c s dng cung cp cc tc s liu cao trong mt s trng hp, chng hn khi b lp biu n nh s lng m nh knh t cho truyn dn nhng i lng cng sut truyn dn kh dng li kh cao. i vi ng ln tnh hnh li khc; khng cn thit phi chia s cc m nh knh i vi cc ngi s dng khc v v th thng thng t l m ha knh thp hn i vi ng ln. Nh vy khc vi ng ln iu ch bc cao t hu ch hn trn ng ln trong cc v m v v th khng c xem xt trong pht hnh u ca HSUPA. 3.5.1. Lp biu i vi HSUPA, b lp biu l phn t then cht iu khin khi no v ti tc s liu no mt UE c php pht. u cui s dng tc cng cao, th cng sut thu t u

cui ti nt B cng phi cng cao m bo t s Eb/N0 (Eb=Pr/Rb, Pr l cng sut thu ti nt B cn Rb l tc bit c pht i t UE) cn thit cho gii iu ch. Bng cch tng cng sut pht, UE c th pht tc s liu cao hn. Tuy nhin do ng ln khng trc giao, nn cng sut thu t mt UE s gy nhiu i vi cc u cui khc. V th ti nguyn chia s i vi HSUPA l i lng cng sut nhiu cho php trong . Nu nhiu qu cao, mt s truyn dn trong , cc knh iu khin v cc truyn dn ng ln khng c lp biu c th b thu sai. Tri li mc nhiu qu thp cho thy rng cc UE b iu chnh thi qu v khng khai thc ht ton b dung lng h thng. V th HSUPA s dng b lp biu cho php cc ngi s dng c s liu cn pht c php s dng tc s liu cao n mc c th nhng vn m bo khng vt qu mc nhiu cc i cho php trong . Nguyn l lp biu HSUPA c cho trn Hnh 3.15.

Hnh 3.15. Nguyn l lp biu HSUPA ca nt B Khc vi HSDPA, b lp biu v cc b m pht u c t ti nt B, s liu cn pht c t ti cc UE i vi ng ln. Ti cng mt thi im b lp biu t ti nt B iu phi cc tch cc pht ca cc UE trong . V th cn c mt c ch thng bo cc quyt nh lp biu cho cc UE v cung cp thng tin v b m t cc UE n b lp biu. Chng trnh khung HSUPA s dng cc cho php lp biu pht i t b lp biu ca nt B iu khin tch cc pht ca UE v cc yu cu lp biu pht i t UE yu cu ti nguyn. Cc cho php lp biu iu khin t s cng sut gia E-DCH v hoa tiu c php m u cui c th s dng; cho php ln hn c ngha l u cui c th s dng tc s liu cao hn nhng cng gy nhiu nhiu hn trong . Da trn cc kt qu o c mc nhiu tc thi, b lp biu iu khin cho php lp biu trong tng u cui duy tr mc nhiu trong ti mc quy nh (Hnh 3.16). Trong HSDPA, thng thng mt ngi s dng c x l trong mt TTI. i vi HSUPA, trong hu ht cc trng hp chin lc lp biu ng ln c th thc hin lp biu ng thi cho nhiu ngi s dng. L do v mt u cui c cng sut nh hn nhiu so vi cng sut nt B: mt u cui khng th s dng ton b dung lng mt mnh.

Hnh 3.16. Chng trnh khung lp biu ca HSUPA Nhiu gia cc cng cn c iu khin. Thm ch nu b lp biu cho php mt UE pht ti tc s liu cao trn c s mc nhiu ni chp thun c, nhng vn c th gy nhiu khng chp nhn c i vi cc ln cn. V th trong chuyn giao mm, phc v chu trch nhim chnh cho hat ng lp biu, nhng UE gim st thng tin lp biu t tt c cc m UE nm trong chuyn giao mm. Cc khng phc v yu cu tt c cc ngi s dng m n khng phc v h tc s liu E-DCH bng cch pht i ch th qu ti trn ng xung. C ch ny m bo hot ng n nh cho mng. Lp biu nhanh cung cp mt chin lc cho php kt ni mm do hn. V c ch lp biu cho php x l tnh trng trong nhiu ngi s dng cn pht ng thi, nn s ngi s dng s liu gi tc cao mang tnh cm c cho php ln hn. Nu iu ny gy ra mc nhiu cao khng th chp nhn c trong h thng, th b lp biu c th phn ng nhanh chng hn ch cc tc s liu m cc UE c th s dng. Khng c lp biu nhanh, iu khin cho php c th chm tr hn v phi dnh mt d tr nhiu trong h thng trong trng hp nhiu ngi s dng hot ng ng thi. 3.5.2. HARQ vi kt hp mm HARQ nhanh vi kt hp mm c HSUPA s dng vi mc ch c bn ging nh HSDPA: m bo tnh bn vng chng li cc sai li truyn dn ngu nhin. S c s dng ging nh i vi HSDPA. i vi tng khi truyn ti c pht trn ng ln, mt bit c pht t nt B n UE thng bo gii m thnh cng (ACK) hay yu cu pht li khi truyn ti thu b mc li (NAK). im khc bit chnh so vi HSDPA bt ngun t vic s dng chuyn giao mm trn ng ln. Khi UE nm trong chuyn giao mm, ngha l giao thc HARQ kt cui ti nhiu . V th trong nhiu trng hp s liu truyn dn c th c thu thnh cng ti mt s nt B nhng li tht bi ti cc nt B khc. Nhn t pha UE, iu ny l , v t nht mt nt B thu thnh cng s liu. V th trong chuyn giao mm tt c cc nt B lin quan u gii m s liu v pht ACK hoc NAK. Nu UE nhn c ACK t nht t mt nt B, UE coi rng s liu c thu thnh cng. HARQ vi kt hp mm c th c khai thc khng ch m bo tnh bn vng chng li nhiu khng d bo c m cn ci thin hiu sut ng truyn tng dung lng v (hoc) vng ph. Cc bit c m ha b sung ch c pht khi cn thit. V th t l m sau

cc ln pht li c xc nh theo t l m cn thit cho iu kin knh tc thi. y cng chnh l mc tiu m thch ng tc c gng t c, im khc chnh l thch ng tc c gng tm ra t l m ph hp trc khi pht. 3.5.3. Kin trc hot ng hiu qu, b lp biu phi c kh nng khai thc cc thay i nhanh theo mc nhiu v cc iu kin ng truyn. HARQ vi kt hp mm cng cho li t cc pht li nhanh v iu ny gim chi ph cho cc pht li. V th hai chc nng ny phi c t gn giao din v tuyn. V th cng ging nh HSDPA, cc chc nng lp biu v HARQ ca HSUPA c t ti nt B. Ngoi ra cng ging nh i vi HSDPA, cng cn m bo gi nguyn cc lp cao hn lp MAC. V th mt m, iu khin cho php vn t di quyn iu khin ca RNC. iu ny cho php a HSUPA m vo cc vng c chn la; trong cc khng h tr truyn dn E-DCH, c th s dng chuyn mch knh sp xp lung s ca ngi s dng ln DCH. Ging nh trit l thit k HSDPA, mt thc th MAC mi (MAC-e) c a vo UE v nt B. Trong nt B, MAC-e chu trch nhim truyn ti cc pht li HARQ v lp biu, cn trong UE, chiu trch nhim chn la tc s liu trong cc gii hn do b lp biu trong MAC-e ca nt B t ra. Khi UE nm trong chuyn giao mm vi nhiu nt B, cc khi truyn ti khc nhau c th c gii m ng ti cc nt B khc nhau. Kt qu l mt khi truyn ti c th c thu ng ti mt nt B, trong khi mt nt B khc vn tham gia v cc pht li ca mt khi truyn ti c pht sm hn. V th m bo chuyn cc khi truyn ti ng trnh t n giao thc RLC, cn c chc nng sp xp li th t trong RNC dng mt thc th mi: MAC-es. Trong chuyn giao mm, nhiu thc th MAC-e c s dng cho mt UE v s liu c thu t nhiu . Tuy nhin MAC-e trong phc v chu trch nhim chnh cho lp biu; MAC-e trong khng phc v ch yu x l giao thc HARQ (Hnh 3.17).

Hnh 3.17. Kin trc mng c lp cu hnh E-DCH (v HS-DSCH).

Hnh 3.18. cho thy cc knh cn thit cho HSUPA. E-DCH c sp xp ln mt tp cc m nh knh ng ln c gi l cc knh s liu vt l ring ca E-DCH (E-DPDCH). Ph thuc vo tc s liu tc thi, s cc E-DPDCH v cc h s tri ph c th thay i. Ngoi knh s liu E-DCH cn c cc knh bo hiu cho n nh sau. Cc knh E-AGCH (E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel: knh cho php tuyt i ca E-DCH) v E-RGCH (E-DCH Relative Grant Channel: knh cho php tng i ca E-DCH) l cc knh h tr cho iu khin lp biu. Knh E-HICH (E-DCH HARQ Indicator Channel: knh ch th HARQ ca E-DCH) l knh h tr cho pht li s dng c ch HARQ.

Hnh 3.18. Cc knh cn thit cho mt UE c kh nng HSUPA Khng nh HSDPA, HSUPA khng h tr iu ch thch ng v n khng h tr cc s iu ch bc cao. L do l cc s iu ch bc cao phc tp hn v i hi pht nhiu nng lng trn mt bit hn, v th n gin ng ln s dng s iu ch BPSK kt hp vi truyn dn nhiu m nh knh song song. Tng kt cc knh ng ln cn thit cho hot ng ca E-DCH c minh ha trn Hnh 3.19 cng vi cc knh s dng cho HSDPA.

Cc knh mi c a vo cho HSUPA c th hin bng cc ng t nt Hnh 3.19. Cu trc knh tng th vi HSDPA v HSUPA. V ng ln khng trc giao theo thit k, nn cn thit iu khin cng sut nhanh x l vn gn xa. E-DCH khng khc vi mi knh ng ln khc v v th cng sut c iu khin theo cch ging nh cc knh ng ln khc. Nt B o t s tn hiu trn nhiu v pht i cc lnh iu khin cng sut trn ng xung n UE iu chnh cng sut pht

ca UE. Cc lnh iu khin cng sut c th c pht bng cch s dng DPCH hay tit kim cc m nh knh bng F-DPCH. Di y ta tng kt cc knh ca HSUPA: 1. E-DPCH bao gm hai knh truyn ng thi: E-DPDCH v DPCCH. EDPDCH c h s tri ph kh bin t 2 n 256 vi cu hnh cc i 2xSF2+2SF4 (tc s liu nh bng 5,76 Mbps vi t l m ha 1/1). Khong thi gian truyn dn (TTI) ca E-DPDCH c th l 2ms (tc s liu ln hn 2Mbps) hoc 10ms (tc s liu bng hoc di 2Mbps). DPCCH truyn ng thi vi E-DPDCH cha cc thng tin hoa tiu v iu khin cng sut (TPC). 2. E-DPCCH l knh vt l mi ng ln tn ti song song vi E-DPDCH truyn thng tin ngoi bng lin quan n truyn dn E-DPDCH. E-DPCCH c h s tri ph 256 cha cc thng tin sau: E-TFCI (Enhanced-Transport Format Combination Indicator: ch th kt hp khun dng truyn ti) thng bo cho my thu nt B v kch thc khi truyn ti c mang trn cc E-DPDCH. T thng tin ny my thu rt ra s knh E-DPDCH v h s tri ph c s dng S th t pht li (RSN: Retransmission Sequence Number) thng bo v s th t ca khi truyn ti hin thi c pht trong chui HARQ. Bit hnh phc thng bo rng UE c hi lng vi tc hin thi (cng sut tng i n nh cho n) hay khng v n c th s dng c n nh cng sut cao hn hay khng. 3. HICH (HARQ Indicator Channel: knh ch th HARQ) l knh vt l ng xung truyn ACK hoc NAK cho HARQ. 4. E-RGCH (E-DCH Relative Grant Channel: knh cho php tng i E-DCH) l knh vt l ng xung mi pht lnh tng/gim mt nc cng sut ca lp biu (thng ch 1dB) so vi gi tr tuyt i c n nh bi knh E-AGCH. E-RGCH c s dng cho cc iu chnh nh trong khi ang xy ra truyn s liu. 20E-RGCH c ghp chung vi 20HICH trn c s 40 ch k vo mt DPDCH c m nh knh vi h s tri ph 128 5. E-AGCH (E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel: knh cho php tuyt i) l knh vt l ng xung mi c m nh knh vi h s tri ph 128 ch th mc cng sut chnh xc ca E-DPDCH so vi DPCCH. E-AGCH cha: Gi tr cho php tuyt i ch th t s cng sut E-DPDCH/DPCCH m UE c th s dng Phm vi cho php tuyt i cho php hoc cm UE pht theo HARQ S nhn dng UE s/th cp cho php UE xc nh knh E-AGCH ny c dnh cho n hay khng 3.5.4. Cc loi u cui HSUPA C su loi u cui HSUPA trong R6 vi tc nh t 0,72Mbps n 5.76Mbps. Bng lit k cc kh nng ca cc loi u cui HSUPA trong R6. Bng 4.3. Cc loi u cui R6 HSUPA Th S m cc i s TTI c h H s tri Tc s Tc s loi dng ng thi tr ph E-DPCH liu nh lp liu nh lp cho E-DPCH thp nht 1 vi 1 vi

1 1 10 4 2 2 2,10 4 3 2 10 4 4 2 2, 10 2 5 2 10 2 6 4 (2SF4+2SF2) 2,10 2 * N/A: khng p dng Nh vy R6 c th c ba loi thit b: Thit b ch cho DCH Thit b c kh nng c DCH v HSDPA Thit b c kh nng c DCH, HSDPA v HSUPA 4.6. CHUYN GIAO TRONG HSDPA Trong HSDPA ch c chuyn giao cng. Tn ti cc kiu chuyn giao sau y trong HSDPA: Chuyn giao trong cng mt RNC Chuyn giao gia cc RNC Chuyn giao t knh HS-DSCH sang DCH

TTI=10ms 0,72 1,45 1,45 2 2 2

TTI=2ms N/A* 1,45 N/A 2,91 N/A 5,76

thc hin chuyn giao UE phi bo cho SRNC v tt nht. Trng phn di y ta s xt qu trnh xc nh tt nht. 4.6.1. Xc nh tt nht v chuyn giao Qu trnh xc nh (on ) tt nht v chuyn giao c m t trn Hnh 3.20.

Hnh 3.20. S kin o v bo co (on ) phc v HS-DSCH tt nht

Da trn kt qu o Ec/I0 trn knh P-CPICH ca cc nm trong tp tch cc ca chuyn giao mm ng ln (thm ch c th c cc hay on nm trong tp ng c), UE bo co phc v HS-DSCH tt nht cho SRNC n quyt nh chuyn giao cng cho HS-DSCH. Hnh 3.20 cho thy 2 (on ) l c chn v sau khong thi gian T+ D th HSDSCH 1 c chuyn sang 2. 4.6.2. Chuyn giao HS-DSCH gia cc (hay on ) trong cng mt RNC Qu trnh chuyn giao HS-DSCH gia hai on ca cng mt nt B c minh ha trn Hnh 3.21. Sau khi quyt nh chuyn giao, SRNC gi bn tin t li cu hnh lin kt v tuyn c ng b n cc nt lin quan B v ng thi gi bn tin RRC v t li cu hnh knh vt l n UE chng thc hin chuyn giao. Qu trnh chuyn giao t nt B ny sang nt B khc thuc cng mt RNC cng xy ra tng t.

Hnh 3.21. Chuyn giao HS-DSCH gia hai on thuc cng mt nt B 4.6.3. Chuyn giao HS-DSCH gia hai cc (on ) thuc hai RNC khc nhau Qu trnh chuyn giao HS-DSCH gia hai (on ) thuc hai RNC khc nhau c minh ha trn Hnh 3.22. Sau khi SRNC quyt nh chuyn giao, n gi bn tin t li cu hnh lin kt v tuyn c ng b n cc nt B lin quan v ng thi gi bn tin RRC t li cu hnh knh vt l n UE thc hin chuyn giao. Trong trng hp ny bn tin t li cu hnh lin kt v tuyn c SRNC gi n nt B ch thng qua DRNC.

Hnh 3.22. Chuyn giao HS-DSCH gia cc on thuc hai RNC khc nhau 4.6.4. Chuyn giao HS-DSCH sang ch c DCH Hnh 3.23 minh ha qu trnh chuyn giao HS-DSCH t (on ) c HS-DSCH sang mt nt B ch c DCH. Sau khi SRNC quyt nh chuyn giao, n gi bn tin t li cu hnh lin kt v tuyn c ng b n cc nt B lin quan v ng thi gi bn tin RRC v t li cu hnh knh vt l n ngi s dng chng thc hin chuyn giao. Trong trng hp ny bn tin t li cu hnh lin kt v tuyn c SRNC gi n nt B ch thng qua DRNC

Hnh 3.23. Chuyn giao HS-DSCH t nt B c HS-DSCH sang mt nt B ch c DCH. 4.7. TNG KT HSPA l cng ngh tng cng cho 3G WCDMA cn c gi l 3G+. HSPA l cng ngh truyn dn gi ph hp cho truyn thng a phng tin IP bng rng. HSDPA s dng knh chia s ng xung trn c s ghp nhiu knh m vi h s tri ph SF=16, trong ti a s knh m dnh cho lu lng ln n 15 v mt knh m c dnh cho bo hiu v iu khin. HSUPA s dng knh tng cng E-DCH truyn lu lng. C HSDPA v HSUPA u s dng truyn dn thch ng trn c s lp biu v HARQ. Truyn dn thch ng l cng ngh trong ti nguyn v tuyn dc phn b cho ngi s dng da trn tnh trng ca knh truyn sng tc thi n ngi s dng ny: (1) nu iu kin truyn sng tt ngi s dng c phn phi nhiu ti nguyn hn, ngc li ngi ny c phn phi t ti nguyn. HSDPA s dng phn phi ti nguyn theo m hoc thi gian trong cng sut truyn dn khng i v tc truyn dn c th thay i s lng m, s khe c cp pht hoc bng cch thay i s truyn dn (AMC: Adaptive Modulation and Coding: m ha v iu ch thch ng), cn HSUPA s dng phn phi ti nguyn theo cng sut vi iu kin cng sut c cp pht cho mi my di ng khng gy nhiu cho cc my khc. Khi c cp pht cng sut cao hn my di ng c th truyn dn tc cao hn bng cch s dng nhiu m hn cho knh E-DCH hay gim h s tri ph SF nhng khng thay i s truyn dn (iu ch lun l BPSK). C hai HSDPA v HSUPA u s dng HARQ, trong bn tin c yu cu pht li c lu trong b nh m sau kt hp vi bn tin c pht li to thnh mt bn tin tt hn trc khi x l li. C ch pht li vi phn d tng cho php mi ln pht li ch cn pht li mt b phn ca phn d cha c pht v th tit kim c dung lng ng truyn. im khc bit gia HSDPA v HSUPA l HSDPA khng s dng iu khin cng sut v chuyn giao mm tri li HSUPA s dng c hai k thut ny, ngoi ra HSUPA ch s dng mt kiu iu ch BPSK v th n khng p dng k thut iu ch m m ha thch ng (AMC: Adaptive Modulation and Coding). Cui chng chuyn giao cng cho HSDPA c trnh by cho. Trong HSDPA ch c chuyn giao cng. thc hin chuyn giao, UE phi o t s tn hiu trn nhiu knh P-CPICH ca tt c cc hoc cc on nm trong tp tch cc (thm ch c th c trong tp ng c). T kt qu o n gi bo co v tt nht n SRNC. SRNC s quyt nh chuyn giao.