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PHYSICS

FORM 4 & 5

MUHAMAD ARIF 5 CITA

Contents
Chapter 2:
y y y y y y y y y y y y y y

Motion Equation for linear motion Graph Inertia Momentum Force Impulse & impulsive force Gravity Force in equilibrium Work Energy Power Efficiency Elasticity

Chapter 3: y Pressure y Pascal s principle y Archimedes principle y Bernoulli s principle Chapter 4: y Calibration of thermometer y Specific heat capacity y Energy balance y Latent heat y Gas law

Chapter 2
Motion Speed, Velocity, Acceleration,


 * E = conserved * Ek = conserved * momentum = conserved  * E = conserved * Ek = not conserved * momentum = conserved

i)

Elastic

ii)

Inelastic

Equation for linear motion I. II. III. IV. Graph i) s-t * gradient = velocity ii) v-t * gradient = acceleration * area under graph = distance travelled Inertia
 

iii)

Explosion

Force


Newton s Second Law of Motion  States that acceleration is directly proportional to force, whereas it inverse directly to mass of body  Newton s Third Law of Motion  States that to every action there is an equal but opposite reaction


Impulse & impulsive force




Impulse

Newton s First Law of Motion  States that an object will remain at rest or keep moving with constant speed in a straight line unless acted on by an unbalanced forced  Inertia  The tendency of an object to ramain at rest or keep moving with a constant speed in a straight line


Impulsive force

Gravity

Momentum

* unit in kgms-1

Problem solving


Lift


Pulley with two load

*subs an info into the equation

*subs an info into the equation

*subs value of a into equation 2

Force in equilibrium
  

Triangle method (tail-to-tip) Parallelogram rule




Pulley with one load

Right-angle triangle (phytagoras theorem)




Resolution of force
    

i)

ii)

iii)

Work

Efficiency

   

Efficiency =

(or)

Energy i) Gravitational potential energy

Elasticity


Hooke s Law  States that the extension, x is directly proportional to force acting on it proveded the elastic limit of spring is not exceeded.

ii)

Kinetic energy spring constant (Nm-1) *from graph, gradient = spring constant Application


Corresponding extension

Power

Load extension

 *used when is easily determined *used more often

i)

In liquid


*use to find original length / reading on scale when no load is attached.

System of spring i) Series


 

ii)

Parallel
 

ii)

Elastic potential energy




graph  y

Gas  Measured using : y Bourdon gauge y Manometer Atmospheric





iii)

 

Measured using : y Barometer

Chapter 3 Pressure

Application

Pascal s principle *confined liquid

Application

Archimedes principle *bouyancy a) Principle y States that an object, when itis completely or partially immersed in a fluid, is acted on by a buoyant foce which is equally to weight of fluid displaced. b) Weight loss
   

c) Volume displaced
 

d) Sink / float i) ii) iii) e) Density and buoyancy y Density

Mass of fluid displaced




Weight of fluid displaced 

Application

Bernoulli s principle
y

States that the pressure of a moving fluid decreases as the speed of fluid increases and vice versa. Condition occur : i) Fluid is incompressable and flow easily ii) Fluid flow in stream line or in layer

Application

Chapter 4
Calibration of thermometer Energy balance i) ii) iii)

Mixture i) Similar substances        


   

Specific heat capacity I. Heat capacity y Amount of heat energy required to increase the temperature of object by

p/s : you can cancel out c since it is the same substances.

ii)


Dissimilar substance
  

II.

Specific heat capacity y Amount of heat energy required to increase the temperature of  of substances by  

Latent heat
y

Amount of heat energy required to change phase of 1kg of substances at constant temperature.

III.

Application *problem solving : Increase / decrease in Change in phase  Both  

Gas law Charle s Pressure

Boyle s


Boyle s law

Pressure law

Charles law

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