Area

Important Facts And Formula

1. Results on Triangles: i. Sum of the angles of a triangle is 180. ii. The sum of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the third side. iii. Pythagoras Theorem: In a right-angled triangle, (Hypotenuse)2 = (Base)2 + (Height)2. The line joining the mid-point of a side of a triangle to the positive vertex is called the median. v. The point where the three medians of a triangle meet, is called centroid. The centroid divided each of the medians in the ratio 2 : 1. vi. In an isosceles triangle, the altitude from the vertex bisects the base. vii. The median of a triangle divides it into two triangles of the same area. viii. The area of the triangle formed by joining the mid-points of the sides of a given triangle is one-fourth of the area of the given triangle. 2. Results on Quadrilaterals: i. The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other. ii. Each diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into triangles of the same area. iii. The diagonals of a rectangle are equal and bisect each other. iv. The diagonals of a square are equal and bisect each other at right angles. v. The diagonals of a rhombus are unequal and bisect each other at right angles. vi. A parallelogram and a rectangle on the same base and between the same parallels are equal in area. vii. Of all the parallelogram of given sides, the parallelogram which is a rectangle has the greatest area. IMPORTANT FORMULAE I. 1. Area of a rectangle = (Length x Breadth). Length = II. III. IV. V. Area Area and Breadth = . Breadth Length iv.

2. Perimeter of a rectangle = 2(Length + Breadth). Area of a square = (side)2 = (diagonal)2. Area of 4 walls of a room = 2 (Length + Breadth) x Height. 1. Area of a triangle = x Base x Height.

2. Area of a triangle = s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c) where a, b, c are the sides of the triangle and s = (a + b + c). 3 3. Area of an equilateral triangle = x (side)2. 4 4. Radius of incircle of an equilateral triangle of side a = a . 23

a 5. Radius of circumcircle of an equilateral triangle of side a = . 3 6. Radius of incircle of a triangle of area VI. and semi-perimeter s = s

1. Area of parallelogram = (Base x Height). 2. Area of a rhombus = x (Product of diagonals). 3. Area of a trapezium = x (sum of parallel sides) x distance between them.

VII.

1. Area of a circle = R2, where R is the radius. 2. Circumference of a circle = 2 R. 2 R , where is the central angle. 360 1 R2 4. Area of a sector = (arc x R)= . 2 360 3. Length of an arc =

VIII.

1. Circumference of a semi-circle = R. R2 2. Area of semi-circle = . 2

1. The ratio between the length and the breadth of a rectangular park is 3 : 2. If a man cycling along the boundary of the park at the speed of 12 km/hr completes one round in 8 minutes, then the area of the park (in sq. m) is: A. 15360 B. 153600 C. 30720 D.307200 Answer: Option B Explanation: Perimeter = Distance covered in 8 min. = 12000 x8 60 m = 1600 m.

Let length = 3xmetres and breadth = 2xmetres. Then, 2(3x + 2x) = 1600 or x = 160. Length = 480 m and Breadth = 320 m. Area = (480 x 320) m2 = 153600 m2.

2. An error 2% in excess is made while measuring the side of a square. The percentage of error in the calculated area of the square is: A. 2% B. 2.02% C. 4% D.4.04% Answer: Option D Explanation: 100 cm is read as 102 cm. A1 = (100 x 100) cm2 and A2 (102 x 102) cm2. (A2 - A1) = [(102)2 - (100)2] = (102 + 100) x (102 - 100) = 404 cm2. Percentage error = 404 x 100 = 4.04% 100 x 100 %

3. The ratio between the perimeter and the breadth of a rectangle is 5 : 1. If the area of the

rectangle is 216 sq. cm, what is the length of the rectangle? A. 16 cm B. 18 cm C. 24 cm D.Data inadequate E. None of these Answer: Option B Explanation: 2(l + b) 5 = b 1 2l + 2b = 5b 3b = 2l 2 b= l 3 Then, Area = 216 cm2 l x b = 216 2 l x l= 216 3 l2 = 324 l = 18 cm.

4. The percentage increase in the area of a rectangle, if each of its sides is increased by 20% is: A. 40% B. 42% C. 44% D.46%

Answer: Option C Explanation: Let original length = xmetres and original breadth = ymetres. Original area = (xy) m2. New length = 120x = 6x

100 5 120 6 New breadth = y = y 100 m 5 m. 6 6 36 New Area = xx y 2= xy 5 5 m 25 m2. The difference between the original area = xy and new-area 36/25 xy is = (36/25)xy - xy = xy(36/25 - 1) = xy(11/25) or (11/25)xy Increase % = 11 1 xy x x 100 = 44%. 25 xy %

5. A rectangular park 60 m long and 40 m wide has two concrete crossroads running in the middle of the park and rest of the park has been used as a lawn. If the area of the lawn is 2109 sq. m, then what is the width of the road? A. 2.91 m B. 3 m C. 5.82 m D.None of these Answer: Option B Explanation: Area of the park = (60 x 40) m2 = 2400 m2. Area of the lawn = 2109 m2. Area of the crossroads = (2400 - 2109) m2 = 291 m2. Let the width of the road be xmetres. Then, 60x + 40x - x2 = 291 x2 - 100x + 291 = 0 (x - 97)(x - 3) = 0 x = 3.

6.

The diagonal of the floor of a rectangular closet is 7 feet. The shorter side of the closet is 4 feet. What is the area of the closet in square feet? 1 1 A. 5 B. 13 4 2 C. 27 D.37 Answer: Option C Explanation: Other side= 15 9 22ft 2 2 225 81 = ft 4 4 144 = ft 4 =6 ft.

Area of closet = (6 x 4.5) sq. ft = 27 sq. ft.

7. A towel, when bleached, was found to have lost 20% of its length and 10% of its breadth. The percentage of decrease in area is: A. 10% B. 10.08% C. 20% D.28% Answer: Option D Explanation: Let original length = x and original breadth = y. Decrease in area= xy 80 90 xx y 100 100 18 = xy - xy 25 7 = xy. 25 7 1 Decrease % = xy x x 100 = 28%. 25 xy %

8. A man walked diagonally across a square lot. Approximately, what was the percent saved by not walking along the edges? A. 20 B. 24

C. 30 Answer: Option C Explanation: Let the side of the square(ABCD) be xmetres.

D.33

Then, AB + BC = 2xmetres. AC = 2x = (1.41x) m. Saving on 2xmetres = (0.59x) m. Saving % = 0.59x x 100 = 30% (approx.) 2x %

9. The diagonal of a rectangle is 41 cm and its area is 20 sq. cm. The perimeter of the rectangle must be: A. 9 cm B. 18 cm C. 20 cm D.41 cm Answer: Option B Explanation: l2 + b2 = 41. Also, lb = 20. (l + b)2 = (l2 + b2) + 2lb = 41 + 40 = 81 (l + b) = 9. Perimeter = 2(l + b) = 18 cm.

10. What is the least number of squares tiles required to pave the floor of a room 15 m 17 cm long and 9 m 2 cm broad? A. 814 B. 820

C. 840 Answer: Option A Explanation:

D.844

Length of largest tile = H.C.F. of 1517 cm and 902 cm = 41 cm. Area of each tile = (41 x 41) cm2. Required number of tiles = 1517 x 902 = 814. 41 x 41

11. The difference between the length and breadth of a rectangle is 23 m. If its perimeter is 206 m, then its area is: A. 1520 m2 B. 2420 m2 2 C. 2480 m D.2520 m2 Answer: Option D Explanation: We have: (l - b) = 23 and 2(l + b) = 206 or (l + b) = 103. Solving the two equations, we get: l = 63 and b = 40. Area = (l x b) = (63 x 40) m2 = 2520 m2.

12. The length of a rectangle is halved, while its breadth is tripled. What is the percentage change in area? A. 25% increase B. 50% increase C. 50% decrease D.75% decrease Answer: Option B Explanation: Let original length = x and original breadth = y. Original area = xy. x New length = . 2

New breadth = 3y. New area = x 3 x 3y = xy. 2 2 1 1 Increase % = xy x x 100 = 50%. 2 xy %

13. The length of a rectangular plot is 20 metres more than its breadth. If the cost of fencing the plot @ 26.50 per metre is Rs. 5300, what is the length of the plot in metres? A. 40 B. 50 C. 120 D.Data inadequate E. None of these Answer: Option E Explanation: Let breadth = xmetres. Then, length = (x + 20) metres. Perimeter = 5300 m = 200 m. 26.50

2[(x + 20) + x] = 200 2x + 20 = 100 2x = 80 x = 40. Hence, length = x + 20 = 60 m. 14. A rectangular field is to be fenced on three sides leaving a side of 20 feet uncovered. If the area of the field is 680 sq. feet, how many feet of fencing will be required? A. 34 B. 40 C. 68 D.88 Answer: Option D Explanation: We have: l = 20 ft and lb = 680 sq. ft.

So, b = 34 ft. Length of fencing = (l + 2b) = (20 + 68) ft = 88 ft.

15. A tank is 25 m long, 12 m wide and 6 m deep. The cost of plastering its walls and bottom at 75 paise per sq. m, is: A. Rs. 456 B. Rs. 458 C. Rs. 558 D.Rs. 568 Answer: Option C Explanation: Area to be plastered= [2(l + b) x h] + (l x b) = {[2(25 + 12) x 6] + (25 x 12)} m2 = (444 + 300) m2 = 744 m2. 75 Cost of plastering = Rs. 744 x = Rs. 558. 100