Cu 1: Hy phn tch mi quan h gia bo him vi tc pht trin, tng trng kinh t v ngc li?

? - Khi nn kinh t - x hi pht trin, thc y iu kin c s h tng pht trin v hon thin hn, to iu kin cho vic kinh doanh bo him cng thun li. ng thi, khi nhn thc ca ngi dn v bo him cng nh v nhu cu bo him trong cuc sng tng ln, ngi dn c thc t gic, t nguyn trong tham gia bo him, khin s lng ngi tham gia bo him tng, thc y s pht trin ca bo him. - Bo him gp phn n nh ti chnh v m bo cho cc khon u t. Bi, khi ri ro hay s kin bo him xy ra vi i tng bo him, nu b tn tht, cc c quan hay doanh nghip bo him s tr cp hoc bi thng kp thi cho ngi tham gia nhanh chng khc phc hu qu, n nh cuc sng, lm cho sn xut kinh doanh pht trin bnh thng. Khng c s bo m ca bo him th khng 1 nh u t no, c bit l cc ngn hng lin quan s khng dm mo him u t vn cho d n, bi khng 1 ai dm chc rng s khng c bt k 1 s c hay ri ro no xy ra trong qu trnh hot ng ca d n. V vy, Bo him l 1 hot ng kch thch u t. - Bo him l 1 trong nhng knh huy ng vn hu hiu pht trin kinh t x hi. Cc c quan bo him hay doanh nghip bo him thu ph bo him trc khi ri ro hay cc s kin bo him xy ra vi i tng bo him. iu cho thy, s hnh thnh 1 khon tin ln v cn c s qun l cht ch m bo quyn li cho ngi tham gia bo him. Khong thi gian t thi im tham gia bo him cho n thi im ri ro hay cc s kin bo him xy ra, c trch nhim bi thng, chi tr ca c quan bo him v cc doanh nghip bo him thng c s chnh lch, xut hin 1 s tin nhn ri nht nh, c th em u t thu li vo cc d n kinh t - x hi. - Bo him gp phn n nh v tng thu cho ngn sch, ng thi thc y pht trin quan h kinh t i ngoi gia cc nc. Khi ngi dn tham gia bo him, nu h gp phi cc ri ro hay cc s kin bo him xy ra th c c quan bo him cng nh cc doanh nghip bo him chu trch nhim chi tr, bi thng cho cc thit hi m ngi tham gia bo him phi chu. Khi , ngn sch Nh nc s khng phi chi tr cp cho nhng ngi ny khi h gp phi cc ri ro (tr cc tn tht mang tnh x hi rng, nh l lt). Ngoi ra, vic hot ng kinh doanh ca cc doanh nghip bo him thng mi c trch nhim ng gp cc loi thu m doanh nghip phi np, lm tng ngn sch Nh nc. ng thi, mi quan h quc t gia cc doanh nghip bo him ngy cng c m rng thng qua hot ng ti bo him hoc ng bo him, pht trin mi quan h quc t gia cc quc gia.

Bo him gp phn ngn nga, phng v hn ch tn tht, gip cho cuc sng an ton hn, x hi trt t hn. Bi trong qu trnh tham gia bo him, cc c quan bo him, doanh nghip bo him cng vi ngi tham gia thc hin cc bin php phng hn ch tn tht xy ra, thng qua cc bin php, nh: hng dn cc bin php phng trnh tai nn, v sinh, an ton lao ng; xy dng cc bin bo; t vn h tr ti chnh; - Cc loi hnh bo him pht trin to thm cng n vic lm cho ngi lao ng, ng thi to thm np sng tit kim. Mi ngi dn khi tham gia bo him thc hin tit kim bi, hng thng, h trch ra 1 khon tin nh trong thu nhp ca mnh ng gp vo qu bo him m mnh tham gia(ph bo him) n khi h gp cc ri ro hay cc s kin bo him v c tn tht th h s c c quan bo him, cc doanh nghip bo him bi thng cho nhng tn tht m h chu. Vi vic pht trin loi hnh doanh nghip bo him s to ra cng n vic lm cho ngi lao ng, gim tnh trng tht nghip. - Bo him l ch da tinh thn cho mi ngi dn, mi t chc kinh t - x hi. Mi tn tht m ngi tham gia bo him khi gp phi ri ro hay cc s kin b him s c c quan bo him, doanh nghip bo him chu trch nhim chi tr bi thng ch vi mc ph khim tn m ngi tham gia phi ng gp. iu chnh l ch da cho mi ngi tham gia bo him c th yn tm lao ng, sn xut v tng lai ca mnh lun c s bo m an ton bi bo him. Cu 2: Hy so snh BHTM vi BHXH? Qu BHTM vs Qu BHXH v vai tr ca hai loi hnh BH ny Vit Nam? So snh BHXH vs BHCN trong BHTM. So snh BHXH vs BHCN trong BHTM. a, ging nhau: - BHXH v BHCN nhm m bo n nh i sng cho ngi tham gia bo him v gia nh h trong x hi trc nhng ri ro tai nn bt ng gy mt hoc gim thu nhp. - Ngi tham gia bo him ca c 2 loi hnh ny u phi ng mt khon tin nht nh vo mt qu ti chnh gi l qu bo him. qu ny c s dng vo mc ch chnh l chi tr tr cp v d phng - c hai loi hnh bo him ny u gp phn n nh i sng ca nhn dn, l ch da tinh thn cho ngi c bo him. - u gp phn n nh ti chnh v sn xut kinh doanh cho cc doanh nghip, to lp mi quan h gn gi, gn b gia ngi s dng lao ng v ngi lao ng. b. Khc nhau: Ch tiu BHXH BHCN 1. i tng tham gia - l ngi lao ng lm vic - mi thnh vin trong x trong cc doanh nghip c hi.

2. phm vi bo him:

3. qu bo him

hp ng lao ng t 3 thng tr ln hoc hp ng lao ng v thi hn - l thu nhp ca ngi lao ng, ch khi thu nhp ca ngi lao ng b gim hoc b mt m nguyn nhn do b gim hoc mt kh nng lao ng th ngi lao ng s nhn c khon chi tr t qu bo him x hi - l qu tin t tp trung ngoi ngn sch nh nc, c hnh thnh do s ng gp ca ngi lao ng, ngi s dng lao ng v c s bo tr ca nh nc nu thm ht. - mc ch s dng qu ch yu l: + chi tr tr cp khi s kin bo him xy ra + chi cho s nghip qun l BHXH

-. Tnh mng, tnh trng sc khe ca ngi tham gia bo him

- c hnh thnh ch yu t s ng ph bo him ca i tng tham gia nn cn c b sung bng khon u t qu nhn ri. -. Mc ch s dng ch yu: + Bi thng khi s kin bo him xy ra + D tr d phng + phng hn ch tn tht + Np ngn sch Nh nc + Chi qun l -. Qu c qun l theo c ch hch ton thu chi c li - c xc nh bng mt s tuyt i , xc nh da vo nhu cu v kh nng ti chnh ca tng ngi tham gia. - thng np nh k hng qu, su thng hoc hng nm. - cao hn do ngi tham gia c quyn la chn mc ng cao hn - ch yu l t nguyn

4. Ph bo him

- c tnh bng mt t l phn trm nht nh ca qu tin lng, tin cng ca doanh nghip nn ngi tham gia mun la chn mc cao hn cng ko c. - thng np nh k hng thng - thng thp, khg trang tri ri ro trong thi gian di

5. s tin chi tr

- hnh thc ch yu l bt buc - thi hnh bo him thng -. C th ngn hoc di ty 6. thi hn bo him v di, trong sut cuc i lm loi hnh bo him ngn hn hnh thc bo him vic ca ngi lao ng hay di hn

So snh BHTM vs BHXH. BHXH -Hot ng khng v mc tiu li nhun. -ngun ti chnh c s h tr ca Nh nc -mang tnh x hi ha nhiu, tuy c u t nhng thc hin theo nguyn tc an ton, hiu qu. i tng -thu nhp ca NL. c bo him i tng -NL v ch s dng lao ng. tham gia c im BHTM - v mc tiu li nhun - khng c s h tr ca Nh nc. -qun l theo c ch th trng sinh li nhun - ti sn, trch nhim dn s, con ngi.

-con ngi hoc ngi c ti sn, thc hin trch nhim dn s. i tng -NL v gia nh h (NL tham -Ngi th hng: ch ti hng gia ng gp BHXH). sn, bn th 3 (khng t - iu kin rng buc v t l ng vong, ngi c BH, cn gp v mt s iu kin hng t vong th ngi th hng ch danh). - iu kin: ph v iu kin nht nh v tn tht Hnh thc -chi tr bng tin hoc hin vt - ch yu bng tin, c c chi tr hin vt nhng t ( trng hp bo him vt cht xe c gii i vi b phn) Ti BH -khng ph bin -Ph bin, khng th thiu Phm vi -Phm vi quc gia hot ng -Phm vi quc gia, quc t (trong trng hp ti bo him) nhng c rng buc hp ng. Phm vi bo NL v gia nh h (NL ng Ngi c bo him vi v BHXH, gp ri ro hoc s kin BH), phm vi c bo v. (hp bao gm t nguyn v bt buc hn). Qu hay ng gp ca ngi tham gia (NL -T ngi tham gia BH, ngun ti v NSDL), h tr t Nh nc, khng c s bo tr ca Nh chnh ngun thu khc nh: u t sinh li, nc.

vin tr, ti tr -Nguyn tc qun l qu: -nguyn tc qun l qu: cn hch ton kinh doanh thu li bng thu-chi. Vai tr ca hai loi hnh BH ny Vit Nam: i vi nn kinh t: Hai loi hnh BH ny thc s gp phn gip cho ngi lao ng, ngi dn VNv NSNN n nh c ti chnh. i vi NL c th m bo c thu nhp ca mnh cng nh m bo c cc khon chi ph mc nh trong tng lai. i vs t nc c th m bo c cho cc d n u t ln. V: BH l hot ng kch thch u t, l mt trong nhng knh huy ng vn rt hiu qu v thng c nhng qu BH nhn ri rt ln c th gp phn u t pht trin kinh t- x hi. BH cn gp phn tng thu cho NSNN, thc y quan h kinh t i ngoi gia cc nc v: BHXH th gp phn gim nh gnh nng ln NSNN. Cc DNBH th s tr cp v hoc bi thng cho ngi TGBH khi h gp ri ro hay SKBH nn NN khng phi chi NS+ thu thu t cc DN BH li lm tng thm NSNN. Cc DN BH cn hp tc vs quc t, cc DN BH nc ngoi khc i vi x hi: - BH gp phn ngn nga phng v hn ch tn tht gip cho x hi an ton v trt t hn. - BH gip cho mi trng lao ng ti VN an ton v gim bt tai nn hn. - Cc DN BH th gp phn to thm cng n vic lm cho NL, to ra vn ha tit kim cho ton XH. - BH gi y l ch da tinh thn cho NL, v nhiu t chc DN, kinh t XH Vit Nam. Cu 3: Hy so snh bo him ti sn vi bo him TNDS v bo him con ngi trong bo him thng mi? Tiu thc 1.i BH Bo him trch nhim dn s tng Tt c cc lai ti sn Ngha v v trch nhim ca c nhn, t chc, bi thng bng tin DN trong nn kinh t. ca ngi c bo him cho ngi th 3 theo quy nh ca php lut.( mang tnh khi qut v tru tng) Bo him ti sn Bo him con ngi Tnh mng, tnh trng sc khe v tui th ca con ngi.

2.Hnh thc Ch yu l t nguyn trin khai BH 3.Gi tr BH Gi tr thc t ca ti sn ti thi im tham gia BH. Mua mi : Gb=Gb qua sd : Gb=Gb-KH 4.S tin BH Cch x Sb cn c trn Gb : Sb<Gb : BH di gi tr Sb=Gb : BH ngang gi tr Sb>Gb : BH trn gi tr 5.nguyn tc p dng nguyn tc bi thng bi thng thit hi : khi c ri ro xy ra thuc phm vi Bh, DNBH chi tr bi thng theo hp ng k kt vi Sbt<= gi tr thit hi.

Ch yu l bt buc Ko xc nh

Ch yu l t nguyn Ko xc nh

Cch xc nh Sb : Cch x Sb : Cn c theo quy nh Nh BH TNDs ca php lut Cn c theo tho thun ca 2 bn

Gi tr thit hi thc t ko c bi thng =(gi tr thit hi thc t -Sbt)>=0

6.Nguyn tc Khi ri ro xy ra C p dng th quyn hp thuc phm vi BH, php DNBH chi tr bi thng ton b thit hi cho ch ti sn sau th quyn ch ti sn i i ngi th 3 phn thit hi do li ca ngi th 3 gy nn.

Ch yu p dng nguyn tc khon : s tin chi tr ca DNBH khi s kin BH xy ra x c th tai thi im k kt hp ng. 1 s trng hp c bit vn p dng nguyn tc bi thng thit hi. VD : BH tr cp nm vin phu thut Khng p dng : khi xut hin ngi th 3 c li, ngi th hng quyn li BH v gia nh nn nhn c nhn y s tin chi tr t DNBH v ngi th 3.

7.BH trng

Khng p dng nhng trn thc t vn c th xy ra do V ca KH C trc li Sbt ca mi H=gi tr thit hi thc t*Sbca mi H / tng Sb ca tt c H

C p dng : 1 ngi c BH c th c BH ti 2 hay nhiu HBH vi 1 hay nhiu DNBH.

Cu 4: Cc c nhn trong x hi c th tham gia nhng nghip v bo him thng mi no? 1. Bo him nhn th : Nm 1996 nh du s ra i ca ngnh bo him nhn th Vit Nam bng vic B Ti chnh cho php Bo Vit trin khai th im bo him nhn th. p li yu cu ca qu trnh m ca v hi nhp cng nh yu cu pht trin ca bn thn ngnh bo him nhn th. Sau thi gian th im, B Ti chnh ln lt cp giy php hot ng cho cc doanh nghip bo him nhn th nc ngoi (trong nm 1999 cp giy php cho 3 doanh nghip l Prudential, Manulife, Bo Minh - CMG - nay l Daiichi Life), sau l AIA (nm 2000), Prevoir, ACE Life, Great Eastern Life v Cathay Life. n nay khi DN bo him nhn th c 11 DN, tuy nhin ch c 1 DN Vit Nam l Bo Vit v 1 DN lin doanh Vietcombank - Cardiff i vo hot ng trong nm 2009 nn cha c th phn. Th trng bo him nhn th vn l mnh t mu m cho cc DN bo him nc ngoi. Khi Lin doanh Bo Minh - CMG c bn li ton b cho hng bo him nhn th ln ca Nht Bn l Dai-ichi Life vo nm 2007, th th trng bo him nhn th Vit Nam ch cn li Bo Vit Nhn th l DN bo him nhn th trong nc vi 32% th phn (s liu ca Hip hi Bo him Vit Nam qu III/2009). Hn 2/3 th trng bo him nhn th ang trong vng "kim sot" ca 9 DN bo him nc ngoi. Cc nghip v bo him nhn th ch yu Vit Nam hin nay gm: - Bo him sinh k - Bo him t k - Bo him hn hp 2. BHCN phi NT:

Tnh n nay, trn th trng bo him Vit Nam c 28 doanh nghip bo him con ngi phi nhn th, kinh doanh cc nghip v bo him con ngi phi nhn th ch yu l : - Bo him hc sinh - Bo him tai nn thy th, thuyn vin - Bo him tai nn con ngi(bo him tai nn kt hp nm vin) - Bo him tai nn hnh khch - Bo him khch du lch - Bo him tai nn li xe, ph xe v ngi ngi trn xe - Bo him tr cp nm vin phu thut - Bo him sinh mng c nhn - Bo him cho ngi s dng in - Bo him chm sc sc khe ngi nh sn. Cu 5: Nguyn tc bi thng thit hi v nguyn tc khontrong bo him thng mi? iu kin kinh t-x hi Bo him nhn th ra i v pht trin? Nguyn tc bi thng thit hi: Nguyn tc bi thng thit hi trong BHTM: s tin bi thng m ngi c bo him nhn c trong mi trng hp khng vt qu thit hi thc t trong s c bo him. Nguyn tc ny p dng trong BHTS v BHTNDS, cn trong BHCN ch p dng trong mt s trng hp c bit nh tr cp nm vin phu thut. V d: mt ch xe my tham gia bo him cho ton b chic xe ca mnh tr gi 20 triu ng. Trong mt tai nn, xe b h hng gi tr thit hi l 8 triu ng, s tin bi thng m ch xe nhn c trong bt k trng hp no cng ch l 8 triu ng. Nguyn tc khon: Nu nh trong bo him thit hi, vic thanh ton bi thng bo him da vo nguyn tc bi thng th trong BHCN nguyn tc chi phi vic gii quyt thanh ton tin bo him l nguyn tc khon. Khi c s kin c bo him xy ra, doanh nghip BH s thc hin chi tr mt khon tin da vo s tin bo him c tha thun la chn khi k kt hp ng bo him ch khng da vo thit hi thc t. Vic chi tr trong BHCN ch mang tnh tr gip v ti chnh cho ngi c bo him v thn nhn hoc hon li khon tin tch ly c ca ngi c bo him khi xy ra s kin c bo him. iu ny l v tnh mng v tnh trng sc khe ca con ngi l v gi nn khng th xc nh bng mt khon tin no y. V d: Anh A tham gia hp ng bo him t k vi thi hn 5 nm, vi s tin bo him theo tha thun khi k hp ng l 100 triu ng. Trong thi

gian 5 nm , sau khi anh ta np ph BH m khng may anh ta gp phi tai nn v cht th DNBH c trnh nhim thanh ton s tin bo him 100 triu ng cho ngi th hng quyn li BH c ch nh. iu kin KT-XH ra i v pht trin ca BHNT: - cc nc kinh t pt , BHNT ra i v pt hng trm nm nay. Ngc li mt s quc gia trn th gii vn cha trin khai BHNT. Hu ht cc nh kinh t cho rng, c s ch yu BHNT ra i v pt l k kinh t x hi pt. + k kinh t nh: tc tng GDP, tc sp thu nhp quc ni tnh bnh qun 1 ng dn, mc thu nhp dn c; t l lm pht t gi hi oi.. + k x hi: k v dn s, Tui th bq ng dn, Trnh hc vn, T l t vong ca tr s sinh. Ngoi ra mi trng php l cng l yu t nh hng ko nh n s ra i v pt ca BHNT. Cu 6: Cc nguyn tc hot ng ca BHTM: - S ng b s t: Hot ng BHTM l 1 hot ng kinh doanh nhm mc ch sinh li, theo DNBH nhn 1 khon tin gi l ph BH ri c kh nng phi tr 1 khon tin cho ngi th hng hoc bi thng cho ngi c BH khi c s kin BH xy ra. Khon tin bi thng hay chi tr ny thng ln hn gp nhiu ln so vi khon ph m cc DNBH nhn c. lm c iu ny, hot ng BHTM phi da trn nguyn tc s ng b s t. y l nguyn tc xuyn sut, khng th thiu c trong bt k nghip v BHTM no, theo hu qu ca ri ro xy ra i vi 1 hoc 1 s t ngi s c b p bng s tin huy ng c t rt nhiu ngi c kh nng cng gp ri ro nh vy. Thng qua vic huy ng s ph cn thit gii quyt chi bi thng cho cc tn tht c th xy ra trong cng ng nhng ngi tham gia BH, DNBH thc hin vic b tr ri ro theo quy lut s ln. - Ri ro c th c BH: Hot ng BHTM cung cp cc dch v BH cho nhng c nhn v t chc c nhu cu. Tuy nhin khng phi trong mi trng hp, DNBH u chp nhn cc yu cu bo m nh: tn tht gy ra do s c ca ngi c BH, tn tht do xe c s dng trong tnh trng khng an ton v k thut hay khng c php lu hnh. + Theo nguyn tc ny, cc ri ro xy ra, chc chn hoc gn nh chc chn s xy ra th b t chi BH: hao mn vt cht t nhin, hao ht thng mi t nhin, xe vi phm nghim trng lut giao thng, c t t Nhng ri ro c th c BH phi l nhng ri ro bt ng, khng lng trc c. Vi ri ro b cht l ri ro chc chn xy ra th yu t ngu nhin c xem xt BH l thi im b cht. + Nguyn nhn gy ri ro c th c BH phi l nguyn nhn khch quan, khng c .

+ m bo nguyn tc ny, trong n BH lun c cc ri ro loi tr thuc vo tng nghip v BH khc nhau. i vi cc ri ro c xc sut xy ra khc nhau th c nhng mc ph khc nhau. + Nguyn tc ny gip cho DNBH: Khng phi bi thng cho nhng tn tht thy trc m vi nhiu trng hp nh vy chc chn s ph sn. D tnh c cc mc ph chnh xc. T m bo c quyn li cho cc DN v c ngi tham gia BH. - Phn tn ri ro L ngi nhn cc ri ro chuyn giao t ngi tham gia BH, nh BH lc ny s l ngi phi i mt vi nhng tn tht c th rt ln nu ri ro xy ra. Mc d qu BH l 1 qu ti chnh ln, c lp bi s ng gp ca nhiu ngi nn cc DNBH c kh nng thc hin nghip v chi tr BH. Nhng trn thc t khng phi lc no DNBH cng lun m bo dc kh nng ny (khi qu BH huy ng cn cha nhiu trong khi gi tr BH li rt ln). V vy, cc DNBH p dng nguyn tc phn tn ri ro. C 2 phng thc phn tn ri ro: + ng BH: nhiu nh BH cng nhn BH cho 1 ri ro ln. + Ti BH: l phng thc trong , 1 nh BH nhn BH nhn bo m cho 1 ri ro ln, sau nhng bt 1 phn ri ro cho 1 hoc nhiu nh BH khc. - Trung thc tuyt i Nguyn tc ny c th hin ngay t khi DNBH nghin cu son tho 1 HBH n khi pht hnh, khai thc BH v thc hin giao dch kinh doanh vi khch hng. + i hi DNBH phi c trch nhim cn nhc cc iu kin, iu khon son tho H bo m cho quyn li ca 2 bn. + Ngi tham gia BH: phi trung thc khi khai bo ri ro khi tham gia BH gip DNBH xc nh ng mc ph ph hp vi ri ro m h m nhn. Ngoi ra cc hnh vi gian ln nhm trc li BH khi thng bo, khai bo cc thit hi i bi thng (khai bo ln hn thit hi thc t, sa cha ngy thng ca HBH) s c x l theo php lut. - Quyn li c th c BH Yu cu ngi tham gia BH phi c li ch ti chnh b tn tht nu i tng c BH gp ri ro: ngi tham gia BH phi c 1 s quan h vi i tng c BH v c php lut cng nhn (quyn s hu, quyn chim hu, quyn s dng, quyn ti sn, quyn v ngha v nui dng, cp dng i vi i tng c BH. Nguyn tc ny nhm loi b kh nng BH cho ti sn ca ngi khc, hoc c tnh gy thit hi hoc tn tht thu li t 1 n BH. Ngoi cc nguyn tc c bn trn, trong mi loi hnh BHTM s c thm cc nguyn tc khc ph hp vi c im ca tng loi: nguyn tc bi thng, nguyn tc khon -Mt s nguyn tc khc + nguyn tc bi thng thit hi(trong BH trch nhim dn s)

+ nguyn tc khon(trong ba him con ngi) Cu 7: Bo him trng v cch x l bo him trng trong bo him ti sn? Cho v d minh ha? Bo him trng: Trong BHTS nu mt i tng bo him ng thi c m bo bng nhiu HBH cho cng mt ri ro vi nhng doanh nghip BH khc nhau, nhng HBH ny c iu kin BH ging nhau, thi hn bo him trng nhau v tng STBH t tt c nhng hp ng ny ln hn gi tr ca i tng bo him th gi l bo him trng. Trong bo him ti sn khng p dng bo him trng. Nhng vn c th xy ra do c hoc do v tnh. Cch gii quyt ty thuc vo nguyn nhn: Nu do c gian ln th doanh nghip BH khng chi tr ng thi hy b hp ng. Nu do v tnh th trch nhim ca mi cng ty i vi tn tht s c phn chia theo t l trch nhim m h m nhn. C th: STBT(ca hp ng BH A) = Gi tr thit hai thc t* STBH(ca hp ng BH A)/ STBH Trn thc t mt trong s cc doanh nghip BH cp hp ng cho i tng c BH trng ny c th s ng ra bi thng theo s thit hai thc t, sau s i li cc doanh nghip BH khc phn trch nhim ca h Cu 8: Hp ng bo him nhn th? Khi no trong hp ng bo him nhn th c nhn, bn tham gia bo him ch c 1 ngi, cho v d minh ho? Ni dung c bn ca hp ng BH. Mt hp ng bo him bao gm cc ni dung sau: - Tn, a ch ca doanh nghip bo him, bn mua bo him, ngi c bo him hoc ngi th hng. - i tng bo him. - S tin bo him, gi tr ti sn c bo him i vi bo him ti sn. - Phm vi bo him, iu kin bo him, iu khon bo him. - iu khon loi tr trch nhim bo him. - Thi hn bo him. - Mc ph bo him, phng thc ng ph bo him. - Thi hn, phng thc tr tin bo him hoc bi thng. - Cc quy nh gii quyt tranh chp. - Ngy, thng, nm giao kt hp ng. - Ngoi nhng ni dung trn, hp ng bo him c th c cc ni dung khc do cc bn tha thun. Bn tham gia bo him bao gm:

Ngi tham gia bo him, l ngi k kt hp ng bo him v np ph bo him. - Ngi c bo him, l ngi c tnh mng, tnh trng sc khe, ti sn c kh nng b ri ro, e da hoc c phn trch nhim dn s c th pht sinh bng hp ng bo him c k kt. - Ngi th hng quyn li bo him, l ngi c hng quyn li khi m ri ro hay s kin bo him xy ra c gy nn tn tht. V d khi bn tham gia BHX ch c 1 ngi: : ng A mua bo him tai nn 24/24h ti cng ty bo him Bo Vit trong nm 2010. Khi , ngi tham gia bo him l ng A, ngi trc tip k hp ng v np ph bo him. Ngi c bo him l ng A v ngi c th hng quyn li bo him khi ng A b tai nn trong phm vi bo him m ng A k kt.

Cu 9: Th no l TTC,TTR, TTTB,TTBP?Hy phn bit tn tht ton b vi tn tht b phn ? Tn tht chung vi tn tht ring trong nghip v bo him hng ho XNK vn chuyn bng ng bin? Tn tht ring vi tn tht b phn trong nghip v bo him hng ho XNK vn chuyn bng ng bin? Cho v d minh ha? 3. Cc loi tn tht trong BHHH XNK vn chuyn bng ng bin: Tn tht trong BHHHXNK BB l nhng thit hi, h hng ca hng ha c bo him do ri ro gy ra. *Cn c theo quy m, mc tn tht gm: -Tn tht b phn: l Mt b phn ca l hng b h hng, mt mt, ph hy. C th l tn tht v s lng, trng lng, th tch , phm cht, hoc gi tr. Khi hng ha b tn tht b phn th ty theo iu kin bo him m ngi c bo him mua xc nh c tn tht b phn ny c c bi thng hay khng. Tn tht b phn thng tn ti di cc dng sau: +Gim mt phn gi tr s dng ca hng ha. V d b bt ngm nc, b ni mc v chua phi lm thc n gia sc. +Gim v s lng nh s bao, s kin b giao thiu hay b nc cun tri. +gim v th tch ru, xng, du ng trong thng b r r ra ngoi. +Gim v trng lng nh go hay bt b ri vi do bao b b rch, v... Hao ht t nhin ca hng ha ko c coi l tn tht b phn pht sinh trch nhim chi tr ca DN bo him. VD: Khi tu gp bo thit hi v mt s loi hng ha trn tu nh sau: mt 2 bao xi mng, go b t gim gi tr thng mi 25 %, du b r r -Tn tht ton b: l ton b i tng bo him theo mt hp ng BH b h hng, mt mt, thit hi. C 2 loi TTTB l:

+Tn tht ton b thc t: Ton b i tng c BH theo mt HBH b h hng, mt mt, ph hy khi ri ro xy ra ko cn nh lc mi c bo him hay b mt i, tc ot i ko ly li c na. Ch c TTTB thc t trong 4 trng hp sau: + HH b hy hoi hon ton: \ hng ko cn l vt th BH: V d nh tu b chm su di y bin cng vi hng ha trn tu v khng th no thu hi li c hoc v d nh tu v hagnf b chy ri n mc hon ton khng cn g. \ hng b tc ot ko ly li c: V d nh bt m b m t, ni mc hon ton hoc tr sau khi gp ri ro, tuy khng mt i nhng khi pha xong khng th ung c \ hh trn tu m tu c tuyn b mt tch: V d: v d mt l ng c ch t nc ngoi v Vit Nam, dc ng ng b ngm nc v bt u thi, nu c mang v Vit Nam th ng s thi ht, tn tht ton b thc s chc chn s xy ra. +TTTB c tnh: l tn tht cha tnh ti mc tn tht ton b thc t nhng khng trnh khi tn tht ton b thc t. hoc Nu b chi ph ra cu cha th chi ph s > gi tr thc t. VD: 1 tu ch st thp trn hnh trnh vn chuyn b m do bo. Nu tin hnh trc vt th chi ph trc vt c th ln hn gi tr ban u ca l hng. \ Tn tht ton b c tnh gm 2 dng: = Dng th nht l: Chc chn tn tht ton b thc s s xy ra. VD: mt l ng c ch t nc ngoi v Vit Nam, dc ng ng b ngm nc v bt u thi, nu c mang v Vit Nam th ng s thi ht, tn tht ton b thc s chc chn s xy ra. = Dng th 2 l: Xt v ti chnh th coi l tn tht ton b. VD: vn chuyn st thp t nc ngoi v Vit Nam, dc ng tu hng my buc phi vo Hng Kng sa cha. cha tu phi d st ln b, trong thi gian cha phi lu kho lu bi st thp, khi cha xong phi ti xp st thp xung tu v a st thp v Vit Nam. Tng cc chi ph phi b ra trong trng hp ny c th bng hoc ln hn tr gi bo him ca st thp.) *Cn c theo quyn li c BH: -Tn tht ring: l tn tht ch nh hng ti mt hoc 1 s quyn li c BH trn tu. (Trn 1 tu: tn tht b phn hay tn tht ton b l ng trn 1 hp ng BH ring r) Tn tht ring c th l tn tht ton b hoc c th l tn tht b phn xt theo tng hp ng BH. TTRing gn 2 loi: + Dii dng vt cht lin quan ti ti chnh hng ha b h hng + Di dng chi ph : chi ph b ra hn ch ti tht ring hoc chi ph khi phc

TTR phi xy ra ngu nhin, bt ng mi c xem xt chi tr bi thng. VD: dc ng tu b st nh lm hng ha ca ch hng A b chy, tn tht ca hng A l do thin tai, ch hng A phi t chu, hoc i cng ty bo him, khng c phan b tn tht cho ch tu v cc ch hng khc. Tn tht trong trng hp ny l tn tht ring. -Tn tht chung: l nhng hi sinh or chi ph c bit c tin hnh mt cch c v hp l theo lnh ca ngi chu trch nhim trn tu( thuyn trognr) nhm cu tu v hng ha thot khi s nguy him chung v thc s nh hng ti hnh trnh ca tu. TTC gm 2 b phn: Hi sinh TTC v chi ph TTC VD: .Hi sinh TTC: Tu gp bo ln fi vt mt loi hng ha A xung bin cu ton b hnh trnh, Lng hang ha A b vt xung bin l Hi sinh hng TTC. .Khi tu gp bo phi ra vo cng lnh nn th chi ph tu ra vo cng lnh nn, chi ph lu kho bi ti cng lnh nn, chi ph tm sa cha h hi ca tu do hu qu ca bo l ton tht chung. a. Tn tht chung v tn tht ring: Ging: u cn c theo quyn li c bo him. Khc: TTR TTC -Phi xr ngu nhin bt ng -c v hp l theo lnh ca ngi c trch nhim. -c th xra trn bin hoc bt k - phi trn bin a im no -nh hng ti quyn li ca tt c -TTR ch nh hng n qun li cc bn. C s ng gp ca cc bn c bit v vy tn tht ring ca ngi no th ngi chu, ko c s ng gp ca cc bn nh TTC -TTR c thuc trach nhim bi -DNBH u chu trch nhim bi thng ca DN BH hay ko ty vo thng v mcng gopa TTC ca iu kin bo him ch hng. b. Tn tht b phn v tn tht ton b: Ging: 2 loi tn tht u cn c trn quy m v mc tn tht, xt theo tng hp ng bo him. Khc: TT B phn TT ton b - mt phn hng hoc hng c - hng ha thc t tn tht hon bo him b gim gi tr thc t. ton, b tn tht hon ton v trn thc t hng ha khng th a tr li cho ngi c bo him. Hoc cha tnh ti mc tn tht ton b thc t

-ty theo iu kin bo him m ngi c bo him mua xc nh c tn tht b phn ny c c bi thng hay khng. -S tin bi thng thng < Sb.

nhng khng trnh khi tn tht ton b thc t. hoc Nu b chi ph ra cu cha th chi ph s > gi tr thc t. -c bi thng vi bt c iu kin BH no. -TH tn tht ton b thc t: S tin bi thng = Sb. -TT ton b c tnh chia thnh 2 trng hp: +Nu ch hng tuyn b b hng: th s tin bi thng(khch hng nhn c) = Sb. (l hng thuc v doanh nghip BH) +Nu ch hng ko t b hng: DNBH gim nh chi tr bi thng theo t l tn tht b phn

Cu 10: V sao phi bo him hng ho xut nhp khu vn chuyn bng ng bin ?Cc loi ri ro v cc loi tn tht trong nghip v Bo him hng ho xut nhp khu vn chuyn bng ng bin? 1.V sao phi BH hng ha XNK vn chuyn bng ng bin? Vn chuyn ni chung v vn chuyn hng ha XNK bng ng bin ni ring ngy cng ng vai tr quan trng trong thng mi quc t. Vi KT-XH pht trin hi nhp kt ton cu, lng hng ha XNK ngy cng tng v s ln, a dng v chng loi v gi tr ngy cng ln. -VC bng ong bin ngy cng pht trin rt mnh m v tr thnh ngnh vn ti hin i trong h thng vn ti quc t, n chim ti 90%tng lng hh XNK ca ton th gii. +S lng hh vc bng ng bin rt rt ln, a dng v thng c gi tr cao. Vi s pht trin ca KHCN ngy nay, tu ch hng c thit k vi khi lng chuyn ch cng cao. + VC bng ng bin gp phn pht trin tt cc mqh ca t nc, lm thay i c cu hng ha v thay i c cu hng ha v c cu th trng bun bn quc t. -Tuy nhin, VC bng ng bin gp rt nhiu ri ro, xc sut xy ra ri ro cao. Cc RR c th do yt ngu nhin, k thut, x hi, con ngi. Khi RR VC xy ra th gi tr thit hi rt ln. V: - Khi lng hng ha vn chuyn bng g bin rt ln, a dng. Ngoi ra cng vi s pht trin ca KHCN th khi lng hng ha tu c th chuyn ch c ngy cng cao. Do , khi thit hi xy ra th mc thit hi s rt ln.

Cng tc cu h, cu nn khi xy ra ri ro rt kh khn. Khi hng ha trn hnh trnhvn chuyn, ngi chu trch nhim hng ha l mt ngi trung gian, trch nhim ny rt hn ch. .Vic khiu ni, i bi thng thit hi rt kh khn. Do trch nhim ny lin quan n cc iu kin thng mi quc t. Trch nhim ny pht sinh vo cc thi im khc nhau. - Ngoi ra, vi xu th pht trin hin nay, mua BHHH XNK l mt tp qun thng mi quc t. Nhm m bo an ton v gim thiu thit hi cho cc bn. Do , Mc d khng bt buc nhng theo thng l quc t ngoi mua v ngi bn fi mua bo him cho hh. 2.Cc loi ri ro trong bo him hng ha chuyn ch bng ng bin a.Xt theo nguyn nhn gm -Thin tai : VD cc ri ro do bo, lc, bin ng, st.. m con ngi ko chng li c - Tai nn bt ng trn bin : Vd cc trng hp tu b mc cn, m, chy n.. - Do con ngi : nh cp bin, chin tranh, trm cp, nh cng, tch thu => t gc khch hng d nhn bit b.theo nghip v bo him: gm 3 loi - Ri ro thng thng: L ri ro c bo him trong nhng iu kin bo him hng ha thng thng (nh A, B, C) . + RR c th xy ra c 3 nguyn nhn trn. +L RR c bo him chung cc nghip v BH VD: RR Mc cn, trm cp, nm hng xung bin, mt tch, v cc ri ro ph nh rch, v , g, bp cong - Ri ro thng thng gm: Ri ro mc cn, chm m, chy, m v, nm hng xung bin, mt tch, v cc ri ro ph nh rch, v, g, bp, cong vnh, hp hi, mt mi, ly hi, ly bn, v p v hng ha khc, nc ma, hnh vi c , trm, cp, cp, mc cu. - Ri ro loi tr: L nhng ri ro thng khng c bo him trong mi trng hp i vi bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin. Gm : Bun lu, tch thu, ph bao vy, li c ca ngi c bo him, ni t, n t, tu khng kh nng i bin, tu i chch hng, ch tu mt kh nng ti chnh - Ri ro phi bo him ring: L nhng ri ro loi tr i vi bo him hng hi. l cc ri ro c bit, phi hng hi nh chin tranh, nh cng Cc ri ro ny ch c bo him nu c mua ring, mua thm. Khi ch mua bo him hng hi th nhng ri ro ny b loi tr. Cu 29: Gim nh v bi thng tn tht trong BH hng ha XNK vn chuyn bng ng bin? Gim nh l vic lm ca DNBH hoc ngi c y thc nhm nh gi, xc nh nguyn nhn, mc v trch nhim i vi tn tht ca i tng c bo him lm c s cho vic tnh ton tin bi thng. Khi hng ha c bo

him b tn tht (h hng, v, thiu ht), yu cu gim nh trong thi gian quy nh. Sau khi gim nh xong, cn b gim nh s cp chng t gim nh, trong c xc nh mc tn tht hoc mc gim gi tr thng mi ca hng ha lm c s cho vic bi thng. Vic bi thng tn tht phi tun th cc nguyn tc sau: - Nguyn tc th nht: S tin bo him l gii hn ti a ca S tin bo thng ca DNBH. Tuy nhin, cc khon tin sau (ngoi s tin tn tht) cng c bi thng nh cc chi ph chi ra cu vt hng, chi ph cu nn, ph gim nh, chi ph bn u gi hng b h, tin ng gp TTC d tng s tin bi thng vt qu s tin bo him. - Nguyn tc th hai: Bi thng bng tin, khng bi thng bng hin vt. Thng thng np ph bo him bng loi tin t no th s c bi thng bng loi tin t . - Nguyn tc th ba: Khi tr tin bi thng, DNBH s khu tr cc khon tin m ngi tham gia bo him i c t ngi th ba. Sau , DNBH bi thng nh sau: Bi thng TTC DNBH bi thng cho ngi tham gia bo him phn ng gp vo TTC d hng c bo him theo iu kin bo him no v bt k t l no nhng khng vt qu s tin bo him. Khng bi thng trc tip cho ngi tham gia bo him m thanh ton cho ngi tnh ton TTC do hng tu (ngi chuyn ch) ch nh. S tin bi thng ny c cng thm hay khu tr phn chnh lch gia s tin thc t ng gp vo TTC v s tin phi ng gp vo TTC. Bi thng TTR - i vi tn tht ton b (TTTB) thc t: bi thng ton b s tin bo him; - i vi TTTB c tnh: bi thng ton b s tin bo him nu ngi tham gia bo him t b hng; Trng hp ngi tham gia bo him khng t b hng hoc xin t b nhng DNBH khng chp nhn, s bi thng theo mc tn tht thc t. - i vi TT b phn (TTBP): bi thng s kin, s bao hng b thiu, mt hay gi tr trng lng s hng ri b thiu, mt hoc bi thng theo mc gim gi tr thng mi ca phn hng b tn tht. Ngoi ra, nu trong hp ng BH hng ha XNK c n nh mc min thng ca DNBH th khi tn tht xy ra, xc nh s tin bi thng i vi gi tr hng ha b tn tht phi xt n mc min thng ny. Mc min thng l mt t l min gim trch nhim bi thng ca DNBH khi tn tht xy ra i vi hng ha c BH. C 2 loi min thng: Min thng c khu tr: Theo HBH c p dng min thng c khu tr x%, nu tn tht xy ra vt qu x% STBH th DNBH s bi thng phn tn tht

vt qu . Theo HBH c p dng min thng khng khu tr x%, nu tn tht vt qu x% STBH th DNBH s bi thng ton b tn tht. Cn lu rng trong c 2 trng hp min thng, nu t l tn tht khng vt qu t l min thng th DNBH s khng chu trch nhim bi thng tn tht. Lu : DNBH ch c trch nhim trong phm vi STBH. Nu STBH ca hng ha thp hn GTBH (mua BH di gi tr) th DNBH ch bi thng nhng mt mt, h hng thit hi v cc chi ph trong phm vi trch nhim ca h theo t l gia STBH v GTBH. Nu STBH ca hng ha cao hn GTBH th DNBH chi bi thng theo thit hi thc t. Tuy nhin, trong trng hp phi tun th kin ca DNBH thc hin cc bin php phng, hn ch tn tht th DNBH phi thanh ton cho ngi tham gia bo him nhng chi ph cn thit v hp l khi p dng nhng bin php ny, d cho tng ST bi thng c th vt qu STBH Khi thanh ton bi thng, DNBH c th khu tr vo tin bi thng cc khon thu ca ngi tham gia bo him trong vic bn hng ha cu c v i ngi th ba. Trng hp tu b mt tch, hng ha c coi l TTTB c tnh hoc hng b mt m sau khi bi thng, li tm thy hng th s hng thuc quyn s hu ca DNBH. Cu 11: : So snh BHNT vs gi tin tit kim. BHNT vs BHCN phi NT: So snh BHNT vi gi tin tit kim? 1) Ging nhau: - Mang tnh anh ton cao hn u t tin vo nhng loi u t khc: chi chng khon, u t kinh doanh - u phi b ra mt khon tin hin ti thu v mt khon ln hn trong tng lai. - u l hnh thc tit kim cho lu di chi tr cho nhng khon mc nh trong tng lai: nh dnh tin cho con i hc, cho con mt s vn vo i, hoc c th tit kim tin mua xe, mua nh, vui hng cuc sng sau khi v hu - Li sut thp. - C rt nhiu hnh thc, nhiu loi sn phm cho chng ta la chn p ng c nhiu mc ch khc nhau ca ngi u t. - u c tc dng vi x hi nh: huy ng vn u t cho nhng d n trung v di hn nhm gp phn pht trin t nc. 2) Khc nhau: Bo him nhn th Gi tin tit kim - BHNT l mt hp ng gia mt c - l vic c nhn gi tin vo ti khon nhn v mt cng ty bo him nhn th tin gi tit kim, v c xc nhn trn bo him cho bn thn mnh hoc th tit kim c hng li theo ngi thn, hoc gia mt t chc vi quy nh ca t chc nhn tin gi tit cng ty bo him nhn th bo him kim v tin gi s c bo him theo

cho nhn vin ca mnh vi mc ch l m bo an ton ti chnh cho ngi tham gia bo him. - Va mang tnh tit kim va mang tnh ri ro. Tnh ri ro c th hin ch Cty BH cam kt chi tr cho ngi tham gia BHX hay ngi c BH mt s tin rt ln ngay khi h mi tit kim c mt khon tin rt nh khi ri ro bt thng c BH xy ra. Tnh tit kim th hin mt cch thng xuyn, c k hoch r rng v c l lut - Ch c lnh tin khi c s kin BH xy ra hoc H ht hn. - Np ph nh k ng 1 khon u n. - Mi quan h trong BHNT thng kh phc tp: Cty BH, ngi tham gia BH, ngi c BH v ngi th hng quyn li BH. - S tin bi thng (Sb) nhn c trong BHNT c gi tr ln so vi gi tin tit kim.

quy nh ca php lut v bo him tin gi. - Ch mang tnh thc tit kim. Khng c tnh cht bo v ngi i gi tin khi h gp phi nhng bin c bt thng: cht, tai nn. Tnh tit kim khng thng xuyn nh BHNT, mang tnh cht ty thch hn v ty vo kh nn ti chnh ca ngi gi.

-Rt tin linh hot hn. - Gi tin linh hot hn, theo nhu cu tit kim v kh nng ti chnh ca bn thn. - Ch c mi quan h: Ngi gi tin vi t chc nhn tin gi ( mi quan h trc tip). - Tin li nhn c khng hp dn nh Sb trong hp ng BHNT.

a. So snh BHNT vi BHCN phi NT: **Ging: - u l BHCN trong BHTM, BH cho cc s kin lin quan, nh hg ti cuc sng ca con ngi -Mc ch: nhm khc phc hu qu, n nh ti chnh cho ngi tham gia khi gp s c thuc phm vi bo him - Tc dng: gp phn n nh i sng, l ch da cho ngi c BH; n nh ti chnh v sx KD cho DN; Thu c ph hnh thnh qu BH c s dng ch yu vo mc ch bi thng, chi tr; l cng c hu hiu huy ng ngun tin mt nhn ri; gp phn gii quyt 1 s vn v mt XH -Thng loi tr cc ri ro do hnh vi c ca ngi tham gia BH **Khc: Tiu BHNT BH con ngi PNT thc

-i tng BH

- Tui th ca con ngi; ch lin quan -Tnh mng, tnh trng sc khe ca n 2 s kin sng v cht con ngi (bnh tt, tai nn, mt kh nng L). Ko lin quan n tui th con ngi -Ngi -Khong tui rng hn, t nhng em -Thng quy nh trong mt khong c b di 12 thng tui n nhng ngi tui no (khng c qu thp hoc BH trn 65 tui qu cao). V d Vit Nam khong tui l 12 thng n 65 tui Phm -Cc ri ro gn lin vi tui th ca con -Cc ri ro c tnh cht thit hi lin vi BH ngi quan n thn th v sc khe con ngi; c lp vi tui th con ngi Thi -Trung hoc di hn, thng l trn 1 -Ngn hn, thng l 1 nm tr xung hn BH nm cho n ht i K -Qun l theo k thut tn tch nhm -Qun l theo k thut phn chia nhm thut mc ch cn bng hp ng trong nhiu cn bng hp ng trong 1 nm BH nm -Lp qu d phng ph cha c -Phi lp qu d phng ton hc hg -Vic nh ph phc tp,ph thuc vo -Vic nh ph n gin hn. nhiu yu t, quy lut. Ph np 1 ln Ph thng c np 1 ln khi k kt hoc nhiu ln HBH -S ph thu c trong nm, mt phn -S ph thu c trong nm s dng chi tr cho tn tht xy ra trong nm, ht chi tr cho cc tn tht xy ra mt phn c gi tit kim hoc u t trong nm v tn tch theo phng thc li kp thc hin thanh ton trong tng lai -Ngi th hng BH c chi tr vo -Nhng tn tht xy ra c thanh thi im c s kin quy nh trong ton trong 1 thi gian tha thun quy H xy ra nh trc -Trin khai theo hnh thc t nguyn -Hu ht trin khai t nguyn, 1 s theo hnh thc bt buc Tnh -Va mang tnh tit kim va mang -Tnh cht RR bc l kh r cn tnh cht SP tnh ri ro cht tit kim ko c th hin BH -p ng c nhiu mc ch khc -Ch p ng c 1 mc ch l gp nhau ca ngi tham gia BH: n nh phn khc phc hu qu, n nh ti cuc sng khi gi yu; gip ngi BH chnh cho ngi tham gia khi gp li cho gia nh mt STBH; i khi c s c vai tr nh 1 vt th chp vay vn -Chu k ca SP thng ko di v quan -Chu k ca SP thng ngn hn h gia cc bn trong H th phc tp v quan h gia cc bn trong hp ng

-t c trin khai cng nghip v BH n gin hn khc -Thng trin khai kt hp vi cc nghip v khc trong cng 1 HBH -Ra i mun hn BH con ngi phi -Ra i sm hn nhn th v cn k XH Cu 12: Ni dung c bn ca nghip v bo him trch nhim dn s ca ch xe c gii i vi ngi th ba? Ti sao nghip v bo him ny c thc hin di hnh thc bt buc? So snh nghip v bo him ny vi BH vt cht thn xe. Ni dung ca nghip v: i tng tham gia: - Ngha v v trch nhim bi thng bng tin ca ch xe vi ngi th 3 theo quy nh ca php lut. - iu kin pht sinh TNDS: + C thit hi thc t ca ngi th 3 ( thit hi v ti sn, hng ha ca ngi trn xe, ngi.) + C hnh vi tri lut hoc bt cn vi ch xe, li xe ( c th v tnh hoc c tnh ) + C mi quan h nhn qu gia thit hi thc t ca ngi th 3 vi hnh vi tri lut hoc bt cn ca ch xe => ch chi tr nhng thit hi trc tip. + C li ca ch xe ( li xe). Phm vi bo him: - Ri ro c BH : + Tai nn xy ra ngu nhin, bt ng, doanh nghip bo him chu trch nhim chi tr bi thng. Lin quan n thit hi thc t ca ngi th 3 VD: thit hi vt cht xe, hng ha Kinh doanh => ti sn Ngi sc khe : tin tr cp cho nn nhn v vin ph, chi ph y t, chm sc, nui dng bnh nhn, tin tr cp cho ngi nh nn nhn c trch nhim nui dng, thit hi v thu nhp ca chnh nn nhn. - tnh mng: khon chi ph y t,chm sc y t..t khi nn nhn nhp vin n khi t vong, chi ph mai tng, chn ct, tin tr cp cho ngi m nn nhn c trch nhim nui dng. + Thit hi v tnh mng, tnh trng sc khe ca ngi tham gia cu cha, ngn nga v hn ch tai nn. + Chi ph ngn nga, hn ch thit hi, dn dp hin trng - Trng hp loi tr: + Li c ca ch xe, li xe.

+ Xe vi phm nghim trng trt t an ton giao thng. + Thit hi v hng ha, ngi trn xe c bo him. - Lu : mt s i tng sau ko c coi l ngi th 3 + Tai nn, ph xe, nhng ngi lm cng cho ch xe. + Ngi thn ca ch xe, li xe + Hnh khch trn xe c BH. + Ti sn , hnh l. Mc gii hn trch nhim v ph bo him: - Mc gii hn trch nhim c quy nh l mt s tin c th tng ng vi thit hi v ti sn v thit hi v ngi vi ngi th 3. - Ph bo him : P= f + d Vi f = Si.Ti / Ci trong : Si: s v tai nn fsinh TNDS c bthg nm th i. Ti: s tin bt bquan s v tai nn pht sinh TNDS nm th i. Ci: s xe oi bi thng nm i. Chi tr bi thng: - b1: xc nh thit hi thc t ca ch xe - b2: xc nh trch nhim bi thng ca DNBH - b3: xc nh s tin i li ca dnbh - b4: xc nh s tin bi thng thc t ca dnbh= kqb2- kqb3 - b5: xc nh thit hi ko c bi thng ca ch xe. Nghip v BHTNDS ch xe c gii vs ngi T3 c thc hin bt buc v: QUY TC BO HIM BT BUC TRCH NHIM DN S CA CH XE C GII c ban hnh theo quyt nh s 23/2003/Q-BTC ngy 25 thng 2 nm 2003 ca B trng B ti chnh Ngi s dng xe c gii ngun nguy him cao khng ch cho ring ngi iu khin xe c gii m cn gy ra nhng thit hi v ngi v ti sn cho ngi th ba. B lut Dn s quy nh, ch xe c gii phi bi thng thit hi do xe c gii gy ra. Nhng trn thc t nhiu nn nhn, nhiu gia nh nn nhn khng c bi thng thit hi do ch xe khng kh nng ti chnh hoc ngi gy tai nn b cht trong tai nn. m bo mi ngi dn b thit hi do xe c gii gy ra u c bi thng tha ng, Nh nc quy nh bo him bt buc trch nhim dn s i vi ch xe c gii. Nh vy, bo him TNDS bt buc ca ch xe c gii trc ht nhm mc ch nhn o, bo v ngi dn. Nu khng may b tai nn giao thng, h c bi thng thit hi. Bo him TNDS bt buc ca ch xe c gii cng c li cho ch xe. Nu khng may gy tai nn, Doanh nghip bo him thay th h bi thng cho ngi b nn khi c ch xe yu cu, hoc nu h bi thng cho ngi b nn th doanh nghip bo him s hon tr cho h s tin hp l m h bi thng.

Mc trch nhim v phm vi bo him: 1. TNDS ca ch xe mt a) V ngi: 50 triu ng/ngi (i vi ngi th ba v hnh khch theo hp ng vn chuyn hnh khch) b) V ti sn: 30 triu ng/v (i vi ngi th ba) 2. TNDS ca ch xe t a) V ngii: 50 triu ng/ngi (i vi ngi th ba v hnh khch theo hp ng vn chuyn hnh khch) b) V ti sn: 50 triu ng/v (i vi ngi th ba) Ngoi ra Ch xe c gii c th tham gia bo him vi mc trch nhim cao hn, ty s la chn ca Ch xe. So snh BHTNDC ca ch xe c gii vi BHVC xe: Ging nhau: - i tng tham gia u l cc ch xe c gii. - Tai nn xy ra ngu nhin, bt ng c cc doanh nghip bo him bi thng. - Thi gian tham gia 2 nghip v bo him ny thng ngn ( khong 1 nm). - Cng thc xc nh ph bo him P= f+d Khc nhau c im BH vt cht xe i tng - L bn thn nhng chic xe cn gi tr v c php lu hnh trn lnh th quc gia. - Ch xe c th tham gia ng k 2 loi bo him sau : + i vi xe m t, xe my t hng cc ch xe tham gia bo him ton b vt cht thn xe. + i vi xe t, cc ch xe c th tham gia ton b, hoc cng c th tham gia tng b phn ca xe : tng thnh thn v, ng c, hp s.da trn bng t l tng thnh xe BH TNDS ch xe vi ngi th 3. - Ngha v v trch nhim bi thng bng tin ca ch xe vi ngi th 3 theo quy nh ca php lut. - iu kin pht sinh TNDS: + C thit hi thc t ca ngi th 3 ( thit hi v ti sn, hng ha ca ngi trn xe, ngi.) + C hnh vi tri lut hoc bt cn vi ch xe, li xe(c th v tnh hoc c tnh) + C mi quan h nhn qu gia thit hi thc t ca ngi th 3 vi hnh vi tri lut hoc bt cn ca ch xe => ch chi tr nhng thit hi trc tip. + C li ca ch xe ( li xe).

Phm vi

- Ri ro c bo him bao gm: + Xe b tai nn do m va, lt + Xe b chy n, bo lt, st nh, ng t, ma . + Xe b mt cp ton b xe. T nguyn

- Lin quan n thit hi thc t ca ngi th 3 v ti sn, tnh trng sc khe, tnh mng.

Hnh thc

Bt buc Nh hn hoc bng mc gii hn trch nhim

Bi thng C th nh hn, ngang hoc ln tn tht hn gi tr bo him

Cu 13: : Hy trnh by nhng ni dung c bn ca nghip v bo him tai nn hnh khch? V sao nghip v ny c thc hin di hnh thc bt buc? Ni dung c bn ca NV BH tai nn hnh khch: Bo him tai nn hnh khch - mc ch: + Gp phn n nh cuc sng ca bn thn hnh khch ko may b tai nn v gia nh h + To iu kin thun li cho chnh quyn a phng ni xy ra tai nn khc phc hu qu tai nn kp thi, nhanh chng + Xt trn phm vi x hi, n cn gp phn phng v ngn nga tai nn giao thng, Tng thu cho ngn sch Nh nc c iu kin u t tr li nng cp xy dng mi c s h tng giao thng - i tng bo him; L tnh mng v tnh trng sc khe ca tt c hnh khch i trn cc phng tin giao thng kinh doanh chuyn tr hnh khch, ko phn bit tui, ngh nghip. - Phm vi Bo him: L cc ri ro do thin tai, tai nn bt ng xy ra trong sut hnh trnh ca hnh khch gy thit hi n tnh mng v tnh trng sc khe ca ngi dc bh + thit hi bao gm: thi tit xu, bo l, st l t , gy thit hi cho phn tin chuyn ch, do thit hi n tnh mng tnh trng sc khe ca hnh khch + Tai nn bt ng nh m va, chy n, lt nghing, do s c k thut ca chnh phng tin, li ca ngi iu khin phng tin Trong phm vi bo him , ko bao gm cc ri ro nh: o B tai nn do phm vi trt t an ton giao thng, vi phm lut o B tai nndo nhng nguyn nhn ko lin quan trc tip n qu trnh vn chuyn hoc bn thn ngi tnh trng sc khe ca hnh khch gy ra

- Thi hn hiu lc ca bo him: L thi gian hp l thc hin cuc hnh trnh, tc l bt u t lc hnh khch ln phng tin giao thng v kt thc khi hnh khch ri khi phng tin 1 cch an ton ti bn, Nu hnh khch t hay v tnh ri b cuc hnh trnh hay lc mt phng tin chuyn ch th coi nh thi hn Bh chm dt - S tin Bh v ph bo him: + STBH c n nh theo quy nh chung i vi mi loi phng tin hay mt s loi phng tin. + ph bo him: v thc hin bo him bt buc nn ph bo him c tnh vo gi v. C quan lm nhim v vn chuyn hnh khch bn v cng l ngi thu ph bo him. ph bo him ph thuc vo cc yu t - S tin bo him - Loi phng tin vn chuyn - di tuyn ng hot ng ca phng tin vn chuyn C 2 phng php tnh ph c cc cng ty bo him vn dng: - ph bo him tnh trn 1 km/hnh khch, cho tng loi phng tin vi gi thit 100% hnh khch u c bh vi STBH cho trc: Nghip v bo him tai nn hnh khch di hnh thc bt buc v: Khi nn kinh t - x hi ngy cng pht trin, nhu cu i li cca nhn dn ngy cng tng v lu lng hnh khch tham gia giao thng ngy cng ln. ko theo l s lng cc loi phng tin tham gia giao thng ngy cng c ci tin v hin i, c s h tng giao thng ngy cng c m rng, nng cp v hon thin, song tai nn giao thng vn ngy mt gia tng lm nh hng trc tip n tnh mng v tnh trng sc kho ca mi hnh khch. Theo s liu thng k trn th gii hng nm c hn 70 % lng khch hng tham gia giao thng u l nhng ngi ch cht trong gia nh, c quan v doanh nghip, mi khi tai nn giao thng khng may n vi h lm nh hng trc tip n cuc sng ca mi gia nh, ngi thn, c quan, doanh nghip v ton x hi. V th bo him tai nn hnh khch ra i l ht sc cn thit v nhiu nc trn th gii trin khai di hnh thc bt buc. Cu 14: Cc loi hnh Bo him Nhn th? Bng t l t vong trong BHNT ? Gi tr hin ti, gi tr o hn, gi tr gii c trong BHNT? Cho v d minh ho ? . Cc loi hnh BHNT c bn. BHNT l cam kt gia ng bh v tham gia bh m trg ng bh s tr cho ng tham gia bh hoc ng th hng quyn li bh mt s tin nht nh khi c nhg s kin nh trc xy ra; cn ng tham gia bh phi np ph bh y ng hn. BHNT p ng c rt nhiu mc ch khc nhau. Thc t c 3 loai hnh BHNT c bn : - BH trg trng hp t vong - Bh trg trng hp sng

- Bh nt hn hp Ngoi ra ng bh cn p dng cc iu khon b sung cho cc loi hp ng BHNT c bn: - BH tai nn - Bh sc khe - Bh ko np ph khi thng tt - Bh cho ng ng ph Thc cht cc iu khon b sung ko pi l bhnt, v ko ph thuc vo sinh mng con ng m l Bh cc ri ro khc c lin quan n con ng . tuy nhin i khi ng tham gia bh vn thy rt cn thit pi tham gia b sung cho hp ng c bn Bh trg trng hp t vong: l loi hnh ph bin nht trg BHNT c chia thnh 2 nhm - Bh t k (bh tm thi hay bh sinh mng c thi hn) c k kt bh cho ci cht xy ra trg thi gian quy nh ca hp ng. nu ci cht ko xy ra trg thi gian th ng c bh ko nhn c bt k 1 khon hon ph no t s ph bh ng, cng c ngha l ng bh ko phi thanh ton STBH cho ng c bh. Ngc li nu ci cht xy ra trg thi gian c hiu lc ca hp ng, th ng bh pi c trch nhim thah ton stbh cho ng th hng quyn li bh c ch nh c im: + thi hn bh xc nh + trch nhim v quyn li mag tnh tm thi +mc ph bh thp v ko phi lp nn qu tit kim cho ng c bh Mc ch: + m bo cc chi ph mai tng chn ct +bo tr cho gia nh v ng thn trg 1 thi gian ngn +thanh ton cc khon n nn v cc khon vay hoc th chp ca ng c bh Bh t k cn c a dng ha thnh cc loi hnh sau: + BH t k c nh: c mc ph bh v s tin bh c nh, ko thay i trg sut thi gian c hiu lc ca hp ng. mc ph thp nht v ng bh ko thanh ton khi ht hn hp ng. hp ng ht hiu lc nu sau ngy gia hn hp ng ko np ph Bh. Loi ny ch yu nhm thanh ton cho cc khon n tn ng trg trng hp ng c bh b t vong +Bh t k c th ti tc:loi ny c th c ti tc vo ngy kt thc hp ng v ko yu cu c thm bng chng no v sc khe ca ng c bh, nhng c s gii hn v tui( thng ti a l 65). Ti lc ti tc, ph bh tng ln v tui ng c bh lc ny tng ln +BH t k c th chuyn i: y l loi hnh Bh t k c nh nhg cho php ng c bh c s la chn chuyn i 1 phn hay ton b hp ng thnh1 hp ng bhnt trn i hay bhnt hn hp ti 1 thi im no khi hp ng ang cn hiu lc. ph bh c tnh da trn hp ng bhnt trn i hay hn hp mi theo tui ca ng c hp ng

Loi hp g ny pht hnh nh 1 s bo chng cho 1 khon tin vay, ng thi cn nhm thc hin yu t tit kim trg tng lai ca ng c bh + Bh t k gim dn: l loi hnh bh c 1 b pn cua STBH gim dn hang nm theo 1 mc quy nh. B pn ny gim ti 0 vo cui k hn hp ng. c im : + ph bh gi mc c nh +ph thp hn bh t k c nh +giai on np ph ngn hn ton b thi hn hp ng trnh vic thanh ton vo cui thi hn ca hp ng khi m s tin bh cn rt nh Loi hnh ny p ng nhu cu ca ng tham gia khi h phi n 1 khon tin phi tr dn - Bh k t tng dn: loi hnh ny c pht hnh nhm jup ng tham gia bh c th ngn chn yu t lm pht ca ng tin. ngn chn c th: + tng s tin bh theo t l % c lp hang nm +a ra cc hp ng ngn hn v sau ti tc vi s tin bh tng dn Vy c im loi hp ng ny : ph bh tng dn theo s tin bh v phi da trn tui tc ca ng c bh khi ti tc hp - BH thu nhp gia nh: nhm m bo thu nhp cho 1 gia nh khi ko may ng tr ct trg gia nh b cht . quyn li bh c th nhn c sau khi ng tr ct cht: + Nhn c ton b + nhn c dn tng phn cho n khi ht hp ng Nu ng c bh cn sng gia nh s ko nhn c bt k khon thanh ton no t cng ty bh - BH thu nhp gia nh tng ln: loi hnh cng nhm trnh lm pht, m bo cc khon thanh ton cho gia nh ko may c ng c bh b cht - Bh t k c k : k y l: vic thanh ton tr cp ch thc hin khi ng c bh b cht, ng th hng quyn li trg gia nh pi cn sng * Bh nhn th trn i (bh trng sinh) L loi hnh cam kt chi tr cho ng thu hng bh 1 STBH dc n nh trn hp ng, khi ng c bh b cht vo bt c lc no k t ngy k hp ng. ngoi ra cn c 1 s trng hp loi hnh bh ny cn m bo chi tr cho ng c bh ngay c khi h n 100 tui c im: + STBH tr 1 ln khi ng c bh b cht + thi hn bh ko xc nh + ph bh c th ng 1 ln hoc ng nh k v ko thay i trg sut qutrinhf bh + ph bh cao hn so vibh sinh mng c thi hn, v ri ro cht chc chn s xy ra, nn s tin bh chc chn phi chi tr + bhnt trn i l loi hnh bh di hn, ph ng nh k v ko thay i trg sut qu trnh bo him, do to nn 1 khon tit kim cho ng th hng bh v chc chn ng bh s chi tr bh Mc ch: + m bo cc chi ph mai tng chn ct

+ m bo thu nhp n nh cuc sng gia nh + gi gn ti sn. to dng v khi nghip kinh doanh cho th h sau Hin nay loi hnh bh ny thng c cc loi hp ng sau: - bhnt trn i phi li nhun: loi hnh ny c mc ph v s tin bh c nh sut cuc i. v vy khi thanh ton s tin bh cho ng thuu hng ko c khon li nhun c chia - Bhnt trn i tham gia c chia li nhun: loi hp ng ny cng tng t nh loi trn, nhng khi thanh ton s tin bh cho ng th hng, h c chia 1 pn li nhun nh tha thun trg hp ng - Bhnt trn i ng ph lin tc : loi hnh ny yu cu ng c bh phi ng ph lin tc nn s ph hng nm s thp hn so vi cc loi hp ng khc v mc ph ny l bng nhau gia cc nm Vi mc p bng nhau gia cc nm, thi k u ng bh thu c mc ph ln hn mc cn thit chi tr cho nhng ng cht sm. sau 1 khong thi gian, xc sut t vong ca nhng ng tham gia ngy cng cao, s tin chi tr tt yu s tng thm. Nh vy, khon tin di ra trg thi k u cng vi s li thu c s b p chi tr cho giai on sau, v hp ng c duy tr n nh - Bhnt trn i ph ng 1 ln: l loaij hnh m ng c bh ch ng ph1 ln khi k hp ng , cn ng bh phi m bo chi tr bt c lc no khi ci cht ca ng c bh xy ra, Khon ph ng 1 ln l kh ln nn ng tham gia hn ch. - BHNT trn i quy ih s ln ng ph bh: loi hnh ny ko yu cu ng c bh phi ng ph lin tc hay 1 ln, m quy nh r s nm ng bh, v d ng lm 5 ln , 20 ln, 15 ln, tng s ph ph thuc vo s ln ng ph Nu ng c bh cht trc khi ht hn ng ph th quyn li bh s c thanh ton cho ng th hng v ko phi tr thm cc khon ph cn cha tr ht. loi hnh ny ph hp vi ng sau khi ngh hu, thu nhp gim , vic tip tc ng ph vi h l 1 gnh nng trg khi h vn cn nhu cu c bh Bh trg trng hp sng: Thc cht ng bh cam kt tr nhng khon tin u n trg 1 khong thi gian xc nh hoc trg sut cuc i ng tham gia bh. Nu ng c bh cht trc ngy n hn thanh ton th s ko c chi tr bt k 1 khon tin no c im : +tr cp nh k cho ng c bh trg thi gian xc nh hoc cho n khi cht + ph bh ng 1 ln + nu tr cp nh k n khi cht th thi gian ko xc nh Mc ch: +m bo thu nhp c nh sau khi v hu hay tui cao sc yu +gim bt nhu cu ph thuc vo phc li x hi hoc con ci khi tui gi + bo tr mc sng trg nhng nm thng cn li ca cuc i Loi hnh bh ny rt ph hp vi nhng ng v hu hoc nhng ng ko c hng tin tr cp hu tr t bhxh n tui tng ng vi tui v hu ng k tham gia, c hng khon tr cp nh k hng thng

 Bh nhn th hn hp Thc cht ca loi hnh bh nay l bh c trg trng hp ng c bh b t vong hay cn sng. yu t tit kim v ri ro an xen nhau v th n c p dng rng ri hu ht cc quc gia. c im: + stbh c chi tr khi ht hn hp ng hoc ng c bh b t vong trg thi gian bh + thi gian bh thng ng nh k v ko thay i trg sut thi gian bh + c th dc chia li thng qua u t ph bh v cng c th c hon ph khi ko c iu kin tip tc tham gia Mc ch + m bo cuc sng gia nh v ng thn + to lp qu gio dc o to hu tr tr n + dng lm vt th chp vay vn hoc khi nghip kinh doanh Khi trin khai bhnt hn hp, cc cng ty bh c th a dng ha loi sp ny bng cc hp ng c thi hn khc nhau, hp ng phi li nhun, c li nhun v cc loi hp ng khc ty theo tnh hnh thc t 1. bng t l t vong l c s khoa hc quan trng nht trong qu trnh xc nh mc ph thun BHNT ca doanh nghip bo him - KN: l bng tng hp cc ch tiu thng k pn nh tnh hnh sinh, t cc tui xc nh v l cng c quan trng nht xc nh ph bo him - C s xy dng bng: p dng quy lut s ln. - T l t vong: l t s gia s ngi cht trong mt khong thi gian nht nh trn tng s ngi sng ti thi im khi u khong thi gian - T l sng( t l sinh tn) l t s ngi cn sng sau mt khong thi gian nht nh trn tng s ngi sng ti thi im u khong thi gian . - Cc loi bng t vong: thng c 2 loi bng t vong l: + bng t l t vong dn s; cho bit mc t vong ca dn s mt nc hay mt vng c th. c xc nh da vo c s s liu ca cc cuc tng iu tra dn s + bng t l t vong kinh nghim: cho bit tnh hnh t vong ca nhng ngi c bo him ti cc cng ty BHNT, phn nh mc t vong thc t xy ra. Bng ny do chnh bn thn DNBH t xc nh da vo c s s liu iu tra v tnh hnh trin khai nghip v thc t DNBH. T l t vong thng thp hn so vi bng dn s do cc DNBH la chn ri ro bo him thng qua kim tra sc khe hay da vo k khai sc khe. - Kt cu ca bng t l t vong; gm 5 ct + ct 1: x: tui + ct 2: lx: s ngi sng tui x + ct 3: dx: s ngi t vong tui x

+ ct 4: Px: t l sng tui x + ct 5: qx: t l t vong tui x X lx dx 0 1 lx+1= lx-dx dx=lx-lx+1 =qx*lx n

Px Px= lx+1/lx = 1 qx

qx qx= 1 Px = dx/lx

- Bng t l t vong c nhng c im sau: + t l t vong tui x = 0 l kh cao + tui cng cao th t l t vong cng tng nhanh + t l t vong s khc bit gia cc vng min, ngnh ngh + t l t vong nam thng cao hn n gii + t l t vong vng xy dng sau thng thp hn bng t l t vong xy dng trc . 2. gi tr hin ti trong BHNT l gi tr cn c u t ti thi im hin ti thu c mt gi tr no ti mt thi im nht nh trong tng lai gi tr hin ti = gi tr nhn c trong tng lai* [1/( 1+ li sut)^thi k u t ] v d: tnh s tin u t cn thit thi im hin ti thu c 1000.000 ng vo cui nm th 5 vi li sut 5% mt nm 1000.000*[1/(1+0.05)^5] = 783.526 ng 3. gi tr o hn trong BHNT l gi tr thu c ti mt thi im no trong tng lai t qu c u t ti thi im hin ti gi tr o hn = tin gc*[(1+li sut)^thi k u t] v d: tnh gi tr o hn ca 1000.000 ng vo cui nm th 15 vi li sut 7% mt nm 1000.000*(1+0.07)^15 = 2.7598.032 ng Gi tr gii c (gi tr hon li) trong BHNT? Gi tr gii c (gi tr hon li) l s tin NTGBH c nhn theo quy nh trong iu khon ca Hp ng khi NTGBH yu cu hy Hp ng hoc khi Hp ng chm dt hiu lc trc thi hn quy nh. Khi khch hng tham gia BH trong mt thi gian xc nh m quyt nh hy b hp ng th ngi tham gia bo him s nhn c s tin trong hp ng bo him nhn th c gi tr hon tr tr i bt k khon n tn ng v tin li tch lu. Mt bng trong hp ng ch r s tin hon tr. i vi mt s hp ng,

cng ty bo him bo lu quyn gi khon gi tr hon tr ny trong vng su thng k t thi im thng bo, nhng ngy nay t p dng quyn li ny. Gi tr gii c ng vi mi nm hp ng vo Ngy k nim hp ng c xc nh ti Ph lc ca Hp ng. Gi tr gii c = d phng ph ph gii c Trong : d phng ph l tch ly khon ph d tha trong giai on u chi tr cho giai on sau. Cu 15: S cn thit phi bo him ho hon ? i tng, phm vi, s tin bo him v gi tr bo him trong nghip v bo him ho hon? i tng v phm vi bo him ca Bo him ha hon? 1. i tng bo him. i tng bo him l ti sn thuc quyn s hu v qun l hp php ca cc n v sn xut kinh doanh, dch v, cc t chc v c nhn thuc mi thnh phn kinh t trong x hi. i tng ny c chia ra nh sau: - Cng trnh xy dng, vt kin trc a vo s dng (tr t ai). - My mc, thit b, phng tin lao ng phc v sn xut kinh doanh. - Sn xut vt t, hng ha d tr trong kho. - Nguyn, vt liu, sn phm lm d thnh phm, thnh phm trn dy chuyn sn xut. - Cc loi ti sn khc (kho, bi, ch, ca hng, khch sn). 2. Phm vi bo him. Phm vi bo him l gii hn cc ri ro c bo him v gii hn trch nhim ca cng ty bo him. Trong bo him ha hon, ngi bo him c trch nhim bi thng cc thit hi v chi ph sau: - Nhng thit hi do nhng ri ro c bo him gy ra cho ti sn. - Nhng chi ph cn thit v hp l hn ch bt tn tht ti sn c bo him trong v sau khi ha hon. - Nhng chi ph dn dp hin trng sau khi ha hon. Trong bo him ha hon ri ro c bo him bao gm: - Ri ro chnh: ha hon. Ri ro ny thc cht bao gm: chy, st v n. + Chy s c bo him nu c 3 yu t: phi thc s c pht la, la khng phi l la chuyn dng, la phi l bt ng hay ngu nhin pht ra. + St: ngi c bo him s c bi thng khi ti sn b ph hy trc tip do st hoc do st nh gy chy. Nu st nh m khng pht la hoc khng ph hy trc tip ti sn th khng thuc phm vi trch nhim bi thng. + N: phm vi bo him gm: ./ ni hi phc v sinh hot. ./ hi t phc v sinh hot, thp sng hoc si m trong mt ngi nh khng phi nh xng lm cc cng vic s dng hi t. ./ cc trng hp n gy ra ha hon nghim nhin c bo him.

Cc ri ro ph: Bn cnh ri ro chnh c cc ri ro ph. Cc ri ro ny ch c th c bo him khi i km theo ri ro chnh, ty thuc vo quyt nh ca ngi tham gia bo him. Cc ri ro ph bao gm: my bay v cc phng tin hng khng khc hoc thit b trn cc phng tin ri vo, ni lon, bo ng dn s, nh cng, b xng, ng t, la ngm di t, ging bo, h thng cha chy r r nc Ri ro loi tr: + tn tht do hnh ng c hoc ng la ca ngi c bo him gy ra. + nhng tn tht v: ./ hng ha nhn y thc hay k gi tr khi nhng hng ha c xc nhn trong giy chng nhn bo him l c bo him v ngi c bo him tr thm ph bo him theo t l ph quy nh. ./ tin bc, kim loi, qu, chng khon, th bo lnh, tem phiu, ti liu, bn tho, s sch kinh doanh, ti liu lu tr trong my tnh in t, bn mu, vn bng, khun mu, bn v, ti liu thit k tr khi nhng hng mc ny c xc nhn trong giy chng nhn l c bo him. ./ cht n nhng khng bao gm nhin liu, xng du. ./ ngi, ng vt v thc vt sng. ./ nhng ti sn m vo thi im xy ra tn tht c bo him theo n bo him Hng hi hoc l ra c bo him theo n bo him Hng hi, tr phn thit hi vt qu s tin c bi thng theo n bo him Hng hi hoc l ra c bi thng theo n bo him Hng hi. ./ ti sn b cp hay b mt cp. Trong trng hp ti sn b cp, mt cp trong khi xy ra ha hon m ngi c bo him khng chng minh c l mt cp th vn c bi thng. ./ nhng thit hi mang tnh cht hu qu di bt k hnh thc no, tr thit hi v tin thu nh c xc nhn trong giy chng nhn bo him l c bo him. ./ nhng thit hi gy ra cho bn th ba. ./ nhng thit hi trong phm vi mc min thng.

Ti sao s ra i ca Bo him ha hon l cn thit khch quan? Theo s liu thng k, hng nm trn th gii c khong 5 triu v chy ln nh gy thit hi hng trm t la. Cc v chy khng ch xy ra cc nc c nn kinh t chm pht trin m cn xy ra cc nc c nn kinh t pht trin nh Anh, Php, M ni m nn khoa hc, cng ngh t n nh cao ca s hin i v an ton th chy vn xy ra ngy mt tng c v s lng v mc nghim trng. i ph vi chy, con ngi s dng rt nhiu bin php khc nhau nh cc bin php phng chy cha chy, o to nng cao trnh kin thc v thc, thng tin tuyn truyn v phng chy cha chy. Tuy nhin i ph vi hu qu do chy gy ra th bo him vn c coi l mt trong cc bin php hu hiu

nht. Ngoi ra khi tham gia bo him, ngi c bo him cn c th nhn cc dch v t vn v qun l ri ro, phng chy cha chy t pha ngi bo him. Vit Nam, cc v chy xy ra nhiu, gy thit hi ln. C th thy rng chy c th xy ra bt c lc no, bt c u, vi bt c ai, mi loi ti sn khc nhau th c kh nng xy ra chy khc nhau v tn tht do chy gy ra thng rt ln c khi mang tnh thm ha. Mt khc, trong iu kin nn kinh t th trng, cc t chc, doanh nghip, c nhn u phi t ch v ti chnh. Hot ng sn xut, xy dng, u t, khai thc ngy mt gia tng; khi lng hng ha, vt t lun chuyn v tp trung rt ln; cng ngh sn xut a dng v phong ph. Nu xy ra chy ln, h phi ng u vi rt nhiu kh khn v ti chnh, thm ch c th b ph sn. Do , bn cnh vic tch cc phng chy cha chy th bo him ha hon thc s l mt gi cho cc t chc, doanh nghip v c nhn tham gia bo him. Vy bo him ha hon ra i l cn thit khch quan. Cu 16: Cch xc nh Gb, Sb, P trong BH ha hon? a. Gb: Gi tr bo him Gi tr bo him trong n bo him ha hon chnh l gi tr ca ti sn c bo him. Gi tr ny c tnh trn c s l gi tr mua mi hot gi tr thc t ca ti sn ti thi im tham gia bo him. Tuy nhin, do i tng bo him ha hon phc tp v thng c gi tr rt ln nn khi xc nh gi tr bo him, ngi ta chia lm cc loi nh sau: - Gi tr bo him ca cc ngi nh (nh xng, vn phng, nh ) c xc nh theo gi tr mua mi hoc gi tr cn li. + Gi tr mi l gi tr mi xy ca ngi nh bao gm c chi ph kho st thit k. + Gi tr cn li l gi tr mi tr i hao mn do s dng theo thi gian. - Gi tr bo him ca my mc thit b v cc loi ti sn c nh khc c xc nh trn c s gi mua mi (bao gm c chi ph vn chuyn, lp t nu c) hoc gi tr cn li. - Gi tr bo him ca thnh phm v bn thnh phm c xc nh trn c s gi thnh sn xut. - Gi tr bo him ca vt t, hng ha trong kho, ca hng c xc nh theo gi tr bnh qun hoc gi tr ti a ca cc loi vt t, hng ha c mt trong thi gian bo him. b. Sb: S tin bo him S tin bo him l gii hn bi thng ti a ca cng ty bo him trong trng hp ti sn c bo him b tn tht ton b. S tin bo him cn l cn c xc nh ph bo him. V th, vic xc nh chnh xc s tin bo him c ngha c bit quan trng . C s xc nh s tin bo him l gi tr bo him - i vi cc ti sn c nh, vic xc nh s tin bo him cn c vo gi tr bo him ca ti sn. - i vi cc ti sn lu ng, gi tr thng xuyn bin ng, cho nn s tin bo him c th xc nh theo gi tr trung bnh hoc gi tr ti a:

+ Nu bo him theo gi tr trung bnh, ngi c bo him c tnh v thng bo cho cng ty bo him bit gi tr s hng ha trung bnh c trong kho, ca hng. Trong thi gian bo him, gi tr trung bnh ny c coi l s tin bo him, ph bo him c tnh trn c s gi tr trung bnh. Khi tn tht xy ra thuc phm vi bo him, cng ty bo him bi thng thit hi thc t nhng khng vt qua gi tr trung bnh khai bo. Bo him theo gi tr trung bnh n gin, d theo di, ng thi c li v tnh ph bo him. Nu mt loi hng ha c bo him m gi tr t b bin ng trn th trng p dng phng php ny rt tin. + Nu bo him theo gi tr ti a th ngi c bo him c tnh v thng bo cho cng ty bo him bit gi tr ca lng vt t, hng ha ti a c th t c vo mt thi im no trong thi gian bo him. Ph bo him c tnh trn c s gi tr ti a v thng c thu trc mt phn. Khi tn tht xy ra thuc phm vi bo him, cng ty bo him bi thng thit hi thc t nhng khng vt qu gi tr ti khai bo. u mi thng hoc mi qu (ty theo s tha thun ca 2 bn), ngi c bo him thng bo cho cng ty bo him s vt t, hng ha ti a thc c trong thng hoc trong qu trc . Cui thi hn bo him, trn c s gi tr c thng bo, cng ty bo him tnh gi tr s vt t, hng ha ti a bnh qun ca c thi hn bo him v tnh li ph bo him. Nu ph bo him tnh c trn c s s gi tr ti a bnh qun nhiu hn s ph bo him np th ngi c bo him tr nt cho cng ty bo him s ph cn thiu. Trong thi gian bo him, nu c tn tht thuc phm vi bo him s c cng ty bo him bi thng v s tin bi thng khng vt qu gi tr ti a bnh qun th ph bo him c tnh da vo s tin bi thng tr. Trong trng hp ny, s tin c bi thng c coi l s tin bo him. Vic p dng bo him theo gi tr ti a rt phc tp, i hi cng ty bo him phi bit gi tr vt t, hng ha c bo him, theo di cht ch s vt t, hng ha trong sut thi gian bo him. Nhng ti sn c gi tr ln, ngi bo him kh c th ti bo him v tnh ph phc tp v kh khn. c. P: Ph bo him Ph bo him c xc nh theo cng thc: P = Sb x R. Trong , Sb: S tin bo him R: T l ph bo him P: Ph bo him T l ph bo him thng c chia thnh 2 b phn l t l ph thun v t l ph ph. R = R1 + R2 Trong , R1: T l ph thun R2 : T l ph ph. Khi xc nh t l ph thun thng phi cn c vo s liu thng k trong mt s nm trc nh: tng s n v ri ro tham gia bo him b ha hon, tng s tin bo him ha hon, s tin bi thng bo him ha hon. C 2 phng php xc nh t l ph thun: theo phn loi v theo danh mc.

 Xc nh t l ph thun theo phn loi y l cch kt hp cc n v c th so snh vi nhau cng mt loi, sau , tnh t l mi loi, phn nh s tn tht v cc chi ph khc ca loi . Phng php ny ph hp vi nhng ti sn tng i ng nht vi nhau nh nh ca dn c, cc nh th Nhng khi xc nh t l theo phn loi, cn xt cc yu t nh hng n t l ph nh: Loi vt liu xy dng. Kh nng phng chy, cha chy. Ngi s dng (ch hay cho thu). Nhng vt b tr xung quanh, bn ngoi. Xc nh t l ph thun theo danh mc Theo phng php ny, cc bc xc nh t l ph bo him bao gm: + Bc 1: R sot li cc danh mc ti sn tham gia bo him ha hon, sau phn loi tng loi ti sn theo danh mc khc nhau (bi v mi loi ti sn c kh nng b ha hon khc nhau). + Bc 2: Cn c vo ngnh ngh sn xut kinh doanh chn mt t l thch hp trong bng t l ph c sn. + Bc 3: iu chnh t l ph chn theo cc yu t tng (gim). Vic iu chnh ny phi cn c vo: vt liu xy dng, cng tc phng chy, cha chy Tt c nhng yu t ny u c th lm tng hoc gim t l ph bo him. Trong nghip v BH ha hon, cng ty bo him cn phi quan tm n cc yu t lm gim mc ri ro v nhng yu t ny l c s gim mc ph c bn. Tuy nhin, tng mc gim ph v cc thit b v phng tin phng chy, cha chy ca mi n v ri ro khng qu 45%. Cc yu t lm gim ri ro thng bao gm: Thit b phng chy, cha chy; Vic trc, kim tra, canh gc; Thit b, phng tin cha chy nh: cng trnh c h thng phun nc, c h thng dp chy bng CO2; c h thng t ng dp tt tia la in, c t cha chy v nhn vin cha chy; gn i cu ha cng cng Ngoi ra, nghip v BH ny cn p dng mc min thng. Ty theo tng loi ti sn c bo him m mc min thng c quy nh khc nhau. Thng thng trong BH ha hon p dng mc min thng c khu tr ti thiu l 2% s tin BH, nhng khng di 100 USD/mi v tn tht v ti a khng qu 2000 USD/mi v tn tht. y l mc min thng bt buc khng c gim ph. Nu ngi tham gia BH mun la chn mc min thng cao hn c gim ph th s c tha thun ring v mc min thng v t l gim ph.