MCH TO XUNG 555

in t trong CNTT

Tng quan

Mch dao ng
Mch dao ng l mch mch dao ng s dng cc linh kin pht ra tn hiu xung dao ng c th iu khin thit b. C nhiu dng tn hiu xung c pht ra t mch dao ng, nh xung sin , xung vung , xung tam gic.. C nhiu cch thit k mch to xung vung nh thit k mch dng Transistor , thit k mch dng Opam, y,chn thit k mch dao ng to xung vung dng IC NE555

IC NE555

M t cc chn
IC NE555 gm c 8 chn
Chn s 1(GND): cho ni mase ly dng cp cho IC Chn s 2(TRIGGER): ng vo ca 1 tn so p. Mch so p dng cc transistor PNP. Mc p chun l 2*Vcc/3. Chn s 3(OUTPUT): Ng ra .trng thi ng ra ch xc nh theo mc volt cao(gn bng mc p chn 8) v thp (gn bng mc p chn 1) Chn s 4(RESET): dng lp nh mc trng thi ra. Khi chn s 4 ni masse th ng ra mc thp. Cn khi chn 4 ni vo mc p cao th trng thi ng ra ty theo mc p trn chn 2 v 6

M t cc chn (tt)
Chn s 5(CONTROL VOLTAGE): dng lm thay i mc p chun trong IC 555 theo cc mc bin p ngoi hay dng cc intr ngoi cho ni mase. Tuy nhin trong hu ht cc mch ng dng chn s 5 ni masse qua 1 t t 0.01uF 0.1uF, cc t c tc dng lc b nhiu gi cho mc p chun n nh. Chn s 6(THRESHOLD) : l ng vo ca 1 tng so p khc. Mch so snh dng cc transistor NPN .mc chun l Vcc/3 Chn s 7(DISCHAGER) : c th xem nh 1 kha in v chu iu khin bi tng logic .khi chn 3 mc p thp th kha ny ng li.ngc li th n m ra. Chn 7 t np x in cho 1 mch R-C lc IC 555 dng nh 1 tng dao ng Chn s 8 (Vcc): cp ngun nui Vcc cp in cho IC.Ngun nui cp cho IC 555 trong khong t +5v ~ +15v v mc ti a l +18v

Cu to bn trong

V bn cht th IC 555 l 1 b mch kt hp gia 2 con Opamp , 3 in tr , 1 con transistor, v 1 b Fipflop ( y dng FFRS) - 2 OP-amp c tc dng so snh in p - Transistor x in. - Bn trong gm 3 in tr mc ni tip chia in p VCC thnh 3 phn. Cu to ny to nn in p chun. in p 1/3 VCC ni vo chn dng ca Op-amp 1 v in p 2/3 VCC ni vo chn m ca Op-amp 2. Khi in p chn 2 nh hn 1/3 VCC, chn S = [1] v FF c kch. Khi in p chn 6 ln hn 2/3 VCC, chn R ca FF = [1] v FF c reset

Nguyn l hot ng
Vcc cung cp cho IC c th s dng t 4,5V n 15V , ng mch mu l dng ngun, mch mu en di cng l m ngun T 103 (10nF) t chn 5 xung mass l c nh v c th b qua (khng lp cng c ) Khi thay i cc in tr R1, R2 v gi tr t C1 bn s thu c dao ng c tn s v rng xung theo mun

Nguyn l hot ng (tt)

1.4

T = 0.7 (R1 + 2R2) C1 v f =

(R1 + 2R2) C1

T = Thi gian ca mt chu k ton phn tnh bng (s) f = Tn s dao ng tnh bng (Hz) R1 = in tr tnh bng ohm (W ) R2 = in tr tnh bng ohm ( W ) C1 = T in tnh bng Fara ( W ) T = Tm + Ts T : chu k ton phn Tm = 0,7 x ( R1 + R2 ) x C1 Tm : thi gian in mc cao Ts = 0,7 x R2 x C1 Ts : thi gian in mc thp

Nguyn l hot ng (tt)

Chu k ton phn T bao gm thi gian c in mc cao Tm v thi gian c in mc thp Ts T cc cng thc trn ta c th to ra mt dao ng xung vung c rng Tm v Ts bt k. Sau khi to ra xung c Tm v Ts ta c T = Tm + Ts v f = 1/ T

Nguyn l hot ng (tt)

V d

C1 = 10F = 10 x 10-6 = 10-5 F R1 = R2 = 100KW = 100 x 103 W Tnh Ts v Tm = ? Tnh tn s f = ?

Bi lm : Ta c Ts = 0,7 x R2 x C1 = 0,7 x 100.103 x 10-5 = 0,7 s Tm = 0,7 x ( R1 + R2 ) x C1 = = 0,7 x 200.103 x 105 = 1,4 s T = Tm + Ts = 1,4s + 0,7s = 2,1s => f =1 / T = 1/2,1 ~ 0,5 Hz
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