B gio dc v o to

chnh thc

K thi tuyn sinh i hc, cao ng nm 2003

p n v thang im
Mn Vt l Khi A
im
1 im

Ni dung

Cu 1.
* nh ngha:
+ Hin tng quang in ngoi l hin tng khi chiu chm sng thch hp vo mt tm
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kim loi th lm cho cc electrn b bt ra khi b mt kim loi .............................................
+ Hin tng quang in bn trong l hin tng gii phng cc lectrn lin kt chng
1/4
tr thnh cc lectrn dn trong cht bn dn khi b chiu nh sng thch hp............................
* So snh:
+ Mt im ging nhau quan trng nht: C hai hin tng u ch xy ra khi ta chiu mt
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nh sng thch hp vo tm kim loi hoc bn dn.......................................................................
+ Mt im khc nhau quan trng nht: hin tng quang in ngoi electrn quang in
c gii phng ra khi tm kim loi, cn hin tng quang in bn trong electrn c
gii phng khi lin kt, tr thnh electrn t do chuyn ng trong khi cht bn dn m
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khng ra khi cht bn dn...........................................................................................................
1 im
Cu 2.
S ht nhn ca lng cht phng x N gim vi thi gian t theo cng thc N = No e t , vi
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l hng s phng x, No l s ht nhn ban u ti t = 0........................................................
t
Theo iu kin u bi e = No/N = e ,..................................................................................
1/4
suy ra t = 1, do t = 1/ = T/ln2.......................................................................................
1/4
Lng cht cn li sau khong thi gian 0,51t t l thun vi s ht:

N
= e .0,51t = e 0,51 = 0,6 = 60% .....................................................
No

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Cu 3.
1 im
1) + Dao ng t B truyn theo si dy n A di dng sng ngang. Ti A sng phn x v
truyn ngc v B. Sng ti v sng phn x tha mn iu kin sng kt hp, do trn si
dy c s giao thoa ca hai sng. ................................................................................................
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+ Trn dy c nhng im c nh lun lun ng yn khng dao ng, gi l cc nt, c
nhng im c nh dao ng vi bin cc i, gi l cc bng. Ta ni trn dy to thnh
sng dng ......................................................................................................................................
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2) + V khong cch gia 2 nt lin tip bng na bc sng, nn khong cch l gia 5 nt
lin tip bng 4 ln na bc sng: l = 4/2 = 2........................................................................
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+ Suy ra: = l /2 = 1/2 = 0,5 m.
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Vn tc truyn sng trn dy l v = f = 0,5100 = 50 m/s ........................................................
1 im
Cu 4.
V hnh ng (hnh 1)
S3S F

S1 S2

O1

O2

Fp
G

9 cm
Hnh 1

S to nh :

O1
d1

d1'

S1

O2
d2

d2'

S2

25 cm
O1
d3

d3'

S3

d1 = 25 - 9 = 16 cm d1 = d1f1/(d1-f1) = 16(-16)/(16+16) = -8 cm d2 = 9 + 8 =17 cm.

Nhn xt: S1 trng vi tm C ca gng G , do tia sng t thu knh ti gng l tia i qua
1

h. v
(1/4
+
1/4)

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tm C, phn x ngc li (S2 S1), theo nguyn l v tnh thun nghch ca chiu truyn nh
sng, tia ny s khc x qua thu knh L theo ng c ti S , ngha l nh cui cng S3 S ...
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Cu 5.
1 im
1) u = 200 2 sin t ; = 2 f = 100 ; ZL = L 100 ; ZC = 1/ C 200
Tng tr Z =

(80 + 20)2 + (100 200)2 = 100

(R + r) 2 + (Z L Z C ) 2 =

200 2
Hiu in th cc i gia hai bn t in: UoC = ZCIo = ZC U o = 200
= 400 V
100 2
Z
Z ZC 100 200

=
= 1 u / i =
lch pha gia u v i: tg u / i = L
R+ r
80 + 20
4
lch pha gia uC v u: Uc / u =

Vy : biu thc hiu in th hai u t in : uC = 400sin(100 t

2) UC = ZCI =

1
C

(R + r )2 + L

1/4

) ( V) .......................

U
2

2
2 2

C ( R + r ) + L
C

U
Y

.........

2L 2 2

2
C + 1 = ax2 + bx + 1
Y = L 2 C 2 4 + ( R + r )

2
2 2
vi x = ; a = L C ; b = [(R+r)2- 2L/C]C2
UC t cc i khi Y t cc tiu. Tam thc bc hai Y t cc tiu khi x = -b/2a
2L
2
(R + r )
2
1 (R + r )
2 = C
385 rad/s f = /2 61 Hz ..............
=

LC
2L2
2L2
Cu 6.
O1
O2
S to nh
S
S
S1
d1 d1'
d2 d2' 2
+ Vt rt xa cho nh nm trn tiu din ca vt knh: d1' = f1 = 30 cm ..............................
+ Khi L = L1 = 33 cm: d2 = L1 - 30 = 3 cm d2' = d2f2/(d2-f2) = 35/(3-5) = -7,5 cm ..
+ Khi L = L2 = 34,5 cm: d2 = L2 - 30 = 4,5 cm d2' = d2f2/(d2-f2) = 4,55/(4,5-5) = - 45 cm
+ Gii hn nhn r ca mt l t 7,5 cm n 45 cm ...............................................................
Cu 7.
+ Phng trnh dao ng ca con lc: x = Asin(t+)
g
9,8
=
=
= 7 rad / s............................................................
l
0,2
+ Ti t = 0, con lc i qua v tr cn bng ln th nht, theo chiu m: x = 0 , v < 0
x = 0 = Asin v v = Acos < 0 = ................................................................
+ Ti lc truyn vn tc cho vt (t = t1): x1 = l1 = 2 cm , v1 = -14 cm/s
x1 = Asin(t1 + ), v1 = Acos(t1 + ) (x1/A)2 + (v1/A)2 = 1
2

1/4

1/4
1 im

1/4
1/4
1/4
1/4
1 im

1/4
1/4

v
14
A = x12 + 1 = 22 + = 2 2 cm 2,83 cm ..................
7

+ Phng trnh dao ng: x = 2 2 sin(7t + ) cm

Hoc
x = 2,83 sin(7t + ) cm
Cu 8. Khong vn ca bc x 1 l: i1 =

1/4

1 D
a

..............................................................

0,6.106 1
= 3.10 3 m = 0,3 cm ..
3
0,2.10
2

1/4

1/4
1 im
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Gi s vn ca 1 v 2 trong khong L ln lt l N1 v N2. Do c hai vch trng nhau nm

v tr ngoi cng ca khong L, nn ta c: N1 = L/i1 + 1 = 2,4/0,3 + 1 = 9 .............................
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Trong khong L c 17 vch sng, trong s c 3 vch sng l do 3 vn ca 1 trng vi 3
vn ca 2. Vy tng s vn ca c hai h l 20.
S vn ca bc x 2 l N2 = 20 - 9 = 11 ...............................................................................
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Ta c L = (N1 - 1)i1 = (N2 - 1)i2 i2 = L/(N2 - 1) = 2,4/(11 - 1) = 0,24 cm
2 = i2a/D = 0,24.10-2 0,2.10-3/1 = 0,48.10-6 m = 0,48 m .............
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1
Cu 9. 1) Theo bi: q = Qosint , =
2 im
LC
q2 Qo2
WC =
=
sin2 t = Wo sin2 t ..................................................................................
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2C 2C
Qo2
1 2 1
1
2
2
2
WL = Li = L (q') = L (Qo ) cos t =
cos2 t = Wo cos2 t ...........................
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2
2
2
2C
2
1 cos2t Wo Wo
Ta c: WC = Wo sin2 t = Wo
cos2. t

=
2
2
T

2
2
1 + cos2t Wo Wo
cos2. t
WL = Wo cos2 t = Wo
+
=
2
2
T

2
WC v WL l cc hm tun hon vi chu k T/2.
W
Wo

WC

Wo/2

WL
0

T/4

T/2

3T/4

h. v
1/4

Hnh 2
2) a) T th ta thy trong mt chu k dao ng c bn ln hai th ct nhau. C sau
T1 = T/4 li c WC = WL. Do chu k dao ng ca mch:

1
1
=
= 0,25.106 Hz ....................
6
T 4.10
1 C1 2
Ta c in dung ca b t in Cb = C1/2 Wo =
U o , Uo l hiu in th cc
2 2
i trn b t in, Uo = E = 4V.
4 Wo 4.10 6
Suy ra C1 =
=
= 0,25.10 6 F hay Cb = 0,125.106 F ...........................
2
2
4
Uo
T = 4T1 = 4. 106 s hoc f =

1/4

1/4

T2
1
1
T = = 2 LCb L =
hoc L =
2
2 2
f
4 Cb
4 f Cb

2Wo 2
LI o2
Io =
=
2WoCb = 2f 2WoCb = 0,785 A ....................
2
L
T
b) Ti thi im ng kho K1 cng dng in trong mch cc i nn in
tch ca cc t in bng khng. Do khi ng kho K1, mt t in C1 b ni tt
nhng nng lng ca mch dao ng vn l Wo. Hiu in th cc i U1 gia hai
u cun dy cng l hiu in th cc i gia hai bn cc t in C1.
1
1
Wo = C1U12 = C1U o2 ..........
2
4
Uo
4
Suy ra: U1 =
=
= 2 2 V 2,83V .
2
2

Ta c: Wo =

1/4

1/4
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