Professional Documents
Culture Documents
L I NI
Ngy nay, s bng n c a khoa h c k thu t i h i chng ta ph i ng d ng nh ng cng ngh m i, hi n v ang ngy m t thay i nt cao, t c con ng i i vo s n xu t v i s ng t c hi u qu cao nh t. Nh ng thnh t u c a khoa h c k thu t tin ti n lm th gi i c a chng ta i, v n minh v hi n i h n. S pht tri n c a k thu t c i m n i b t nh s chnh xc ng c a t o ra hng lo t nh ng thi t b v i cc t hi u qu cao. c ng d ng vo r t nhi u i s ng v cn nhi u l nh v c i u khi n. Nn r t ti n d ng v n gi n n c c b vi ng ha, trong c
khc n a. So v i k thu t s th k thu t vi i u khi n nh g n h n r t n hi u do n c tch h p l i v c kh n ng l p trnh c ng. Cc b vi i u khi n theo th i gian cng v i s pht tri n c a cng ngh i u khi n 32 bit, r i sau ny l 64 bit. a nhi m v . i nt p ng ng c n thi t trong ho t M t trong s xc nh c nhi t i nt ang tr thnh m t ngnh khoa h c
c nh ng i h i khng ng ng nh ng yu c u i nt vo s n xu t v i s ng nh m c nh ng i u
i s ng h ng ngy .
l ng d ng nhi t k
chnh xc c a thi t b c ng nh h th ng nh lm
ch nh ph h p. Chnh v th , v i nh ng ki n th c h c v Vi i u khi n v m t s nghin c u v c m bi n nhi t em quy t dng LCD, c bo chy M c d c g ng v gp n hon thnh n nh ng do m i lm quen v i Vi i u khi n nn khng th trnh kh i nh ng sai st. Em mong th y c c nh ng nh n xt c hon thi n h n. Em xin chn thnh c m n! n v o v hi n th nhi t
Sinh vin th c hi n:
Phan
c Yn
-2-
M CL C Trang L I NI U: ........................................................................ I. Gi i thi u ti: 1. M c tiu ............................................................................. 2. ngh a khoa h c ............................................................... 3. Ph ng php nghin c u .................................................... II. Phn tch 1. Vi i u khi n 8051 ............................................................. a. Vi i u khi n h MCS-51 ........................................ b. Vi i u khi n AT89C51 .......................................... 2. Chp ADC 0804................................................................. a. T ng quan ............................................................... b. c i m c u t o ..................................................... c. Ki m tra ADC ......................................................... 3. C m bi n nhi t LM35 ........................................................ a. Nguyn l o c a c m bi n ..................................... b. D i nhi t v s thay i tr khng ...................... c. Gi i thi u h LM35 ................................................. d. Ph i h p tn hi u v s kh i ph i ghp LM35 v i 8051 ........................................................... e. C m bi n nhi t LM35DZ ........................................ 4. Hi n th LCD..................................................................... a. M t cc chn LCD ................................................ b. Ho t ng LCD ....................................................... 5. Thu t ton: ........................................................................ a. S thu t ton....................................................... b. Thu t ton ph n hi n th v thng bo nhi t ....................................................................... 6. Code ch ng trnh ............................................................. III. K t qu m ph ng 1. S m ph ng Protues .................................................... 2. K t qu .............................................................................. IV. K t lu n 1. u i m ............................................................................. 2. Nh c i m ....................................................................... 3. H ng pht tri n ................................................................ NH N XT C A GIO VIN H NG D N
1 3 3 4 5 5 5 14 14 14 18 19 19 19 20 22 23 26 27 29 32 32 33 34 37 39 40 40 40 41
-3-
I. GI I THI U 1.
tr ng.
TI:
o c s thay it i nhi t ng t s c a mi chuy n tn
M c tiu:
- S d ng c m bi n nhi t
l p trnh hi n th gi tr nhi t
ra mn hnh LCD.
2.
th ng lm vi c chnh xc v hi u qu th vi c o v hi n thi nhi t quan tr ng. Chng ta c n ph i bi t gi tr nhi t h p, c th trnh th ng. V gip cho h th ng ki m sot nhi t duy tr nhi t c th thch h p v ti t ki m n ng l p ng nh ng yu c u ng.
c nh ng i u ch nh ph m t cch t ng mb o
c nh ng s vi c ng ti c nh h a ho n hay h h ng h
ti n hnh o v hi n th gi tr nhi t
-4-
3. Ph
-
ng php nghin c u:
m ph ng m ch o v hi n th nhi t nh n gi tr nhi t i ADC 0804 d . i d ng t ng
chuy n gi tr nh n
c t LM35 thnh tn hi u s 8 bit g i vo Vi i u khi n 89C51. K t h p v i ngn ng l p trnh m y em ch n l C v ph n m m l p trnh cho Vi i u khi n AT 89C51.
-5-
8051 cho th y kh n ng thch h p v i nh ng ng d ng mang tnh i u khi n. c u trc d li u nh truy xu t d li u nhanh trn RAM n i. T p l nh cung c p m t
b n ti n d ng c a nh ng l nh s h c 8 bit g m c l nh nhn v l nh chia. N cung c p nh ng h tr m r ng on-chip dng cho nh ng bi n 1 bit nh l ki u d li u ring cho php qu n l v ki m tra bit tr c ti p trong i u khi n v nh ng h th ng logic i h i x l lu n l. B ng so snh cc IC trong h MCS-51 : TN LINH KI N 8051 8031 8751 8951 8052 8032 8752 8952 CH B NH B NH D TIMER
NG TRNH ON CHIP 4 KB MROM 0 KB 4 KB EPROM 4 KB Flash ROM 8 KB MROM 0 KB 8 KB EPROM 8 KB Flash ROM
LI U ON CHIP 128 Bytes 128 Bytes 128 Bytes 128 bytes 256 Bytes 256 Bytes 256 Bytes 256 Bytes 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3
b. Vi i u khi n AT89C51
Vi i u khi n 8051 thu c h vi i u khi n MCS -51, l m t b x l 8 bit, c ngh a l CPU ch c th lm vi c v i 8 bit d li u t i m t th i i m. D li u l n h n 8 bit s c chia thnh d li u 8 bit x l.
-6M ts c i m chnh c a 8051: 4K bytes ROM trong 128 bytes RAM trong 4 c ng I/O 8-bit 2b nh th i 16 bit c 64K b nh code bn ngoi c 64K b nh d li u bn ngoi Giao di n n i ti p Qu n l Qu n l
kh i
-7-
C u t o chn
Ty theo kh n ng (v kinh t , k thu t, ) m cc nh s n xu t cc s n ph m ng d ng c th ch n m t trong 3 ki u chn do ATMEL a ra.
M t ch c n ng c a cc chn
+ Chn Vcc : p ngu n. + Chn GND : t.
+ Port 0 : l m t port I/O 8-bit hai chi u, c c mng h . Khi xu t ra, m i chn port c th li 8 u vo TTL. N u ghi cc m c 1 ra cc chn port th cc chn ny u vo tr khng cao. c th dng nh cc
-8Port 0 c ng c th d li u khi truy c p ch c i n tr pullup n i. Port 0 c ng nh n cc byte m ch ch ng trnh khi l p trnh Flash v xu t ra m c c u hnh thnh m t bus multiplex gi a ng trnh hay d li u t bn ngoi. Trong ch a ch th p v ny, port 0
ng trnh khi ki m tra, khi c n c i n tr pullup bn ngoi + Port 1 : l m t port I/O 8-bit hai chi u c pullup n i. u ra port 1 c th li c ko ln do c
port 1 b ko xu ng th p s
H n n a, P1.0 v P1.1 c th
c dng nh l
u vo b
m timer/counter
2 bn ngoi (P1.0/T2) v xung kch (P1.1/T2EX). Port 1 c ng nh n nh ng byte ki m tra Flash . + Port 2 : l m t port I/O 8-bit hai chi u c pullup n i. 4 u vo TTL. Khi vi t cc m c 1 ra cc chn port th chng i n tr n i v c th dng lm port 2 b ko xu ng th p s dng v c n i tr ko ln. u ra port 2 c th li c ko ln do c a ch th p trong khi l p trnh Flash v trong khi
-9-
(MOVX A, @DPTR). Trong ng d ng ny n dng i n tr n i ko ln m nh khi xu t 1. Khi truy xu t b nh d li u ngoi dng c a thanh ghi P2 Port 2 c ng nh n byte tra Flash. + Port 3 : l m t port I/O 8-bit hai chi u c pullup n i. 4 u vo TTL. Khi vi t cc m c 1 ra cc chn port th chng i n tr n i v c th dng lm port 3 b ko xu ng th p s dng v c n i tr ko ln. c li t k b ng sau: u ra port 3 c th li c ko ln do c a ch cao trong lc l p trnh Flash v trong lc ki m a ch 8 bit, port 2 s pht n i dung
Port 3 c ng c nh ng ch c n ng c a h MSC-51 BIT P3.0 P3.1 P3.2 P3.3 P3.4 P3.5 TN RXD TXD INT0 INT1 T0 T1 A CH BIT B0H B1H B2H B3H B4H B5H
CH C N NG THAY TH Nh n d li u cho port n i t i p Truy n d li u cho port n i ti p Ng t ngoi 0 Ng t ngoi 1 Ng vo t bn ngoi cho timer/counter 0 Ng vo t bn ngoi cho
- 10 timer/counter 1 P3.6 P3.7 WR RD B6H B7H Xung ghi b nh d li u ngo i Xung c b nh d li u ngoi
Port 3 c ng nh n vi tn hi u i u khi n trong lc l p trnh Flash v trong lc ki m tra Flash. + RST : l ng vo Reset. Khi ng ny k my), cc thanh ghi bn trong AT89C51 ng h th ng. + ALE/PROG (Address Latch Enable) : ALE l xung xu t cho php ch t byte a ch th p khi truy c p b nh ngoi. Chn ny cn l ng vo c a xung l p trnh (PROG) khi l p trnh Flash Trong ho t ng bnh th ng, ALE c pht xung v i t n s 1/6 t n s dao c a ln cao (trong t nh t hai chu kh i
c t i nh ng gi tr thch h p
ng on-chip v c th
c n ch l m t xung ALE s b m t khi truy c p b nh ngoi. C th h y b ch c n ng c a ALE b ng cch set bit 0 c a thanh ghi 8EH. M t khi bit ny 8EH khng lm nh h N u khng c cc l nh ny th ALE ng m c cao. Vi c set bit 0 c a thanh ghi v tr v tr
c set, ALE ch tch c c khi c l nh MOVX ho c MOVC. n vi i u khi n khi truy c p b nh ngoi. cb
+ PSEN (Program Store Enable) : PSEN l xung strobe bo hi u vi c nh ch tr hai xung PSEN b m t khi truy xu t d li u ngoi. Khi thi hnh ch trong RAM n i, PSEN s m c th ng (m c cao). + EA/VPP (External Access) : EA l ng vo ch ch ng trnh t bn ngoi khi ng trnh s
c n i v i GND. Khi EA
(VPP) trong khi l p trnh Flash. + XTAL1 : u vo c a b khu ch i dao ng o v c ng l u vo n m ch t o xung clock n i. + XTAL2 : u ra c a b khu ch i dao ng o.
- 11 -
n FFH. Tuy nhin, vng ny c ng l vng b nh nn vi c truy c p cc thanh ghi nh v tr c ti p khc v i vi c truy c p vng nh dng
Cc thanh ghi Timer 2 cc bit i u khi n v tr ng thi ch a trong thanh ghi T2CON v T2MOD cho Timer 2. C p thanh ghi RCAP2H v RCAP2L l nh ng thanh ghi Capture/Reload trong ch K hi u TF2 EXF2 capture 16 bit hay ch Ch c n ng C trn Timer 2, set khi Timer 2 trn v ph i c clear b ng ph n m m. TF2 s khng set khi RCLK = 1 ho c TCLK = 1. C ngoi c a Timer 2, set khi x y ra capture ho c reload do T2EX xu ng th p v EXEN2 = 1. N u ng t Timer 2 EXF2 = 1 s lm CPU tr ln/xu ng (DCEN = 1). RCLK Kch ho t xung clock b thu. Khi set, cc xung trn Timer 2 s l xung clock cho b thu port n i ti p trong mode 1 v 3. RCLK = 0 th b thu port n i ti p s dng cc xung trn c a Timer 1. TCLK Kch ho t xung clock b pht. Khi set, cc xung trn Timer 2 s l xung clock cho b pht port n i ti p trong mode 1 v 3. TCLK = 0 th b pht port n i ti p s dng cc xung trn c a Timer 1. EXEN2 Kch ho t bn ngoi. Khi set, cho php capture hay reload khi T2EX xu ng th p (n u Timer 2 khng s d ng cho port n i ti p). EXEN2 = 0 lm cho Timer 2 b qua cc s ki n trn T2EX. TR2 C/T2 CP/RL2 Kh i ng/D ng Timer 2. TR2 = 1 lm kh i ng Timer 2. Bit l a ch n timer hay counter. C/T2 = 0 : timer. C/T2 = 1 : counter m s ki n bn ngoi (kch c nh xu ng). L a ch n capture hay reload. CP/RL2 = 1: capture x y ra khi T2EX xu ng th p n u EXEN2 = 1. CP/RL2 = 0 : reload x y ra khi Timer 2 trn ho c khi T2EX xu ng th p n u EXEN2 = 1. N u TCLK hay RCLK = 1, bit ny b b qua v timer b p vo ch Timer 2 trn. reload khi c kch ho t, c m n ISR c a Timer 2. EXF2 ph i auto -reload 16 bit.
- 13 Cc thanh ghi ng t t p cc bit ring l cho php ng t ch a trong thanh ghi IE. Thi t l p hai m c u tin cho 6 ngu n ng t b ng cch set cc bit thanh ghi IP.
B nh
li u
AT89C51 c 256 byte b nh RAM on-chip. Trong , 128 byte trn c cng a ch v i vng thanh ghi ch c n ng nh ng c c u t o v t l ring bi t. Khi m t l nh truy c p m t v tr n i c d ng s bo cho CPU bi t vng l nh dng s truy c p SFR MOV L nh dng c ng truy c p MOV MOV a ch trn 7FH, ch a ch n s
a ch tr c ti p s truy c p vng SFR. V d nh l nh sau y (Asembly) a ch 0A0H (port 2) 0A0H,#data a ch gin ti p s truy c p 128 byte trn c a RAM. V d nh
c tnh b dao
XTAL1 l b dao c. u vo v
ng
u ra t ng ng c a b khu ch i o c d ng lm ng ceramic u
- 14 -
c chuy n v dng i n i. Cc b bi n
u cho ra cc
b.
c i m c u t o:
i t ng t s trong h cc lo t ADC 0800 c nhi u hng khc s n xu t, n lm phn gi i th th i gian chuy n chuy n m t i thay u vo t i ng
c ng l m t y u t quan tr ng khc khi nh gi m t b ADC. Th i gian chuy n nh ngh a nh l th i gian m b ADC c n ng h t thnh m t s nh phn. Trong ADC 0804 th i gian chuy n vo t n s 110 micro giy. Cc chn c a ADC 0804 1. Chn CS - ch n chp: L m t kch ho t chp ADC 0804. 2. Chn RD ( c): th p. Cc b ADC chuy n chuy n c p i i c m t nh sau: u vo tch c c m c th p u vo c s d ng m c th p. ng ng v i c i ph thu c
c tch c c m c nh n d li u
u ra c a ADC 0804. Khi CS = 0 n u m t xung cao - xu ng - th p c hi n di n u ra. cc chn d li u D0 - D7. c coi nh cho php
Chn RD c ng
- 15 3. Chn ghi WR (th c ra tn chnh xc l B t u vo tch c c m c th p chuy n b t u chuy n i gi tr chuy n c dng u vo t i thay i d li u u chuy n i). y l chn u qu trnh ng th i
i. N u CS = 0 khi WR t o ra xung cao - xu ng - th p th b ADC 0804 ng t Vin v s nh phn 8 bt. L a c hon t t th chn INTR i ph thu c vo t n s n chn CLK IN v c p xu ng
gian c n thi t
u vo
c n i t i m t ngu n
ng h ngoi khi c g i l nh b ng
c s d ng
ng h .
s d ng my t o xung
i n v m t i n tr . Trong tr
Gi tr tiu bi u c a cc nh n 5.
il
Chn ng t INT (ng t hay g i chnh xc h n l k t thc chuy n u ra tch c c m c th p. Bnh th ng n i hon t t th n xu ng th p l y i. Sau khi INT bo cho CPU bi t l d li u xu ng th p, ta
i s n sng
t CS = 0 v g i m t
xung cao 0 xu ng - th p t i chn 6. Chn Vin (+) v Vin (-). y l cc (-) c n i xu ng v d ng s . 7. Chn VCC. u vo t
D l y d li u ra c a 0804.
ng V in i
t v V in (+)
c chuy n
c dng nh
- 16 8. Chn Vref/2. Chn 9 l m t i n p ny h (khng 0 t p i n p u vo c dng cho i n p tham chi u. N u chn u vo t ng t cho ADC 804 n m trong d i u vo t ng cdng th c thi cc c n i) th i n p
n +5v (gi ng nh chn V CC). Tuy nhin, c nhi u ng d ng m n Vin c n ph i khc ngoi d i 0 c n i v i +2v. n 5v. Chn V ref/2 u vo t u vo khc ngoi d i 0 - 5v. V d , n u d i
ng t c n ph i l 0
n 4v th Vref/2
PO
10k
150p
D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 WR INTR
to
LED
Nomal ly
Open ch ch y t do.
B ng 2a: i n p Vref/2 lin h v i d i Vin. Vref/ 2(V) H * 2.0 1.5 1.28 1.0 0.5 Ghi ch: - VCC = 5V - * Khi Vref/2 h th o c kho ng 2,5V Vin(V) 0 0 0 0 0 0 n5 n4 n3 n 2.56 n2 n1 Step Size (mV) 5/256 = 19.53 4/255 = 15.62 3/256 = 11.71 2.56/256 = 10 2/256 = 7.81 1/256 = 3.90
9. Cc chn d li u D0 - D7. Cc chn d li u D0 - D7 (D7 l bt cao nh t MSB v D0 l bt th p nh t LSB) l cc chn c chuy n tnh i n p u ra d li u s . i ch y l nh ng chn c m ba tr ng thi v d li u
Db
a xu ng th p.
u ra ta c th s d ng cng th c sau:
D out !
in
u ra d li u s (d ng th p phn). i nh nh t
l i n p
ref/2)
u vo t
ng t i
phn d i l s thay tt
c tnh nh l (2 v ts .
ng t v chn u vo c p
y l nh ng chn cn it i
t chung cho c tn hi u s v t ng t , cn ts t l
ng t .
t c a chn Vin t
cn it i
tc a
cch ly tn hi u t ng t V in t cc i n c chnh xc. Trong ph n trnh by c a t. Tuy nhin, trong th c t thu c c n ph i th c hi n khi chuy n b t u chuy n i
p k sinh t o ra vi c chuy n m ch s
c n i chung v i m t c n i tch bi t.
c) Sau khi chn INTR xu ng th p, ta b t CS = 0 v g i m t xung cao - xu ng - th p n chn RD l y d li u ra kh i chp ADC 0804.
- 18 -
Hnh 2b: Cc b
c chuy n
i d li u
nhin, theo ti li u c a hng National Semiconductor nt WR v INTR ph i c t m th i a xu ng th p k sau chu trnh c p ngu n
ng h ring
- 19 -
, nn nguyn l c a cc c m
ng ra t qu tr
c a Lm35 c t s cao nh t cho php l 50pF. Khi i n dung c a dy o v ng ra c a LM35 c n m c thm 1 m ch RC. it o gi a c m bi n nhi t v i b bi n LM35 v i b bi n gi n cho m t h th ng t ng. i nhi t
i u ny r t c n thi t khi dy n i tr
ng t s ADC kh di. N i tr c ti p
Cc b c m bi n nhi t ny p ng s thay
khng. Trong cc b c m bi n phi tuy n th p ng ny khng tuy n tnh, cn trong cc b c m bi n nhi t tuy n tnh th p ng ny tuy n tnh. Cc b c m bi n nhi t LM34. n gi n v c s d ng r ng ri thu c lo i ny g m c cc h LM35 v
b. D i nhi t
Nhi t 0 25 50 75 100 (0C)
v s thay
c a LM35
B ng 3a:D i nhi t
v s thay
i tr khng
- 20 M SP LM35A LM35 LM35CA LM35C LM35D D i nhi t -55 C to + 150 C -55 C to + 150 C -40 C to + 110 C -40 C to + 110 C 0 C to + 100 C chnh xc + 1.0 C + 1.5 C + 1.0 C + 1.5 C + 2.0 C u ra 10 mV/F 10 mV/F 10 mV/F 10 mV/F 10 mV/F
B ng 3b: H
ng d n ch n lo t cc c m bi n nhi t h LM35.
bn ngoi ho c cc m ch ph tr khc m v n p ng C t i nhi t phng v 3/4 oC trn thang o t -55oC Ho t ng v i i n p t 4V n 30V c tnh c a h LM35: T l tuy n tnh v i h s 10mV/1oC Thch h p v i cc ng d ng i u khi n sai l ch v nhi t
Hnh1 S o c a c m bi n
Hnh2
- 21 Hnh 1: trnh by cch o d i nhi t tr R1 gi ng nh hnh 4 l n nh t m c m bi n c th o c Hnh 2: trnh by cch o d i nhi t d ng. Khi khng c n i n p m v
Cc lo i c m bi n trong h LM35 v ki u ng gi
- 22 -
d. Ph i h p tn hi u v s
Xt tr
c hi n th trn LM35 . Cc gi tr
. Vout (D7 D0) 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 0010 0000 0011 0000 1010 0001 1110
Q
P1. 7 P2. 7
CS
Set to 1.28V
10 k
LM33 6
- 23 -
- 24 *S th i gian ho t ng:
f. Nguyn l o v chuy n
Khi nhi t thay id n mi tr n i n p ng thay i
it
ng t /s c a ADC
khng c a c m bi n LM35 i. i n p Vin vo ADC s n 2(V ref/2).
s 1 lm cho tr
i t 0V
u vo V in c a ADC thay
(U . U d ! U d (U , trong :
(U !
ng th i gi tr b th p phn ny s chn AD0 AD7. c
2(Vref / 2) 256
! 10 mV
n khi a ra cc
m chnh l gi tr th p phn. Gi tr
nh gi
chnh xc c a php o:
Kh n ng t lm nng c a LM35DZ trong khng kh l 0,1 oC. C m bi n LM35 c h s nhi t l 10mV/oC, do sai s v nhi t LM35DZ s l 0,5oC. Khi i n p u vo Vin s c a
c lm trn ln ho c xu ng . ng ng v i gi tr nhi t l
Khi Vin i vo so snh v i i n p U d c a ADC, ta nh n th y r ng m c i n p c a ADC l 10mV nn sai s m n gy ra l 0,5mV t 0,5oC. V y sai s t ng c ng c a h th ng l 1.1 oC. Do v y nhi t Ph th c t c a ta s l : t real = t y l ph
o
s 1,1 C.
ng php m ta dng
vo chn ny l 1.28 V th i n p so snh max l 2x1.28= 2.56 V k t h p v i d i i c a LM35DZ l t 0->100oC ( v n nh h n 255) nn m i b i n p ng v i 2.56/256=10mV. i n p V ref/2 cng l n th b c i n p b c thang
- 26 cng l n do m t sai s l n h n t ng chnh xc c a php o ln ta c th dng m t c m bi n khc c a vo chn Vref/2 gi m b c i n p vi c i n p c a ADC v c m bi n khng a ra khu hi n th ho c i ta c th t gi tr i n chnh xc c a php o cng nh hay ni cch khc ta m c ph i
chnh xc cao h n, c th gi m i n p
ng nh t th s gy kh kh n cho qu trnh x l d li u c th gy ra sai s .Ty thu c vo php hi n th m ng p cho chn Vref/2 sao cho h p l.
4. Hi n th LCD
Trong nh ng n m g n y LCD ang ngy cng nhn sau: 1. Cc LCD c gi thnh h . 2. Kh n ng hi n th cc s , cc k t v led (v cc n led ch hi n th 3. Nh k t h p m t b cng vi c lm t cch no ) i u khi n lm t ho t t h n nhi u so v i cc n i vo LCD lm gi i phng cho CPU c lm t i b ng cpu (ho c b ng c cc s v m t s k t ). c s d ng r ng ri thay th d n cho `cc n led (cc n led 7 o n hay nhi u o n). l v cc nguyn
- 27 -
Hnh 4a: S
2. Chn ch n thanh ghi RS (register select). C hai thanh ghi r t quan tr ng bn trong LCD, chn RS cc thanh ghi ny nh sau: n u RS = 0 th thanh ghi m l nh ng i dng g i m t l nh ch ng h n nh xo mn hnh, v.v n u RS = 1 th thanh ghi d li u c n hi n th trn LCD. 3. Chn u vo ho c c/ ghi (R/W). c/ ghi cho php ng i dng ghi thng tin ln LCD khi R/W =0 c ch n cho php ng cho php
i dng g i d li u
c thng tin t n khi R/W = 1. 4. Chn cho php E (enable). Chn cho php E c s dng b i LCD cc p ch t thng tin hi n h u trn chn
n chn ny
- 28 y l 8 chn d li u 8 bt, dung c a cc thanh ghi trong LCD. g i cc m ascii c a cc ch ci t a 0-9 n LCD xo mn hnh ho c c dng n z, a g i thng tin ln LCD ho c n f v cc con s t cg i u dng ho c nh p nhy con tr . xem LCD c s n c khi R/W = 1 v RS = 0 c cn i
hi n th cc ch ci v cc con s , chng ta
N u R/W = 1, RS = 0 khi D7 = 1 (c b n 1) th LCD b n b i cc cng vi c bn trong v s khng nh n b t k thng tin m i no. khi D7 = 0 th LCD s n sng nh n thng tin m i. l u chng ta nn ki m tra c b n tr li u no ln LCD. c khi ghi b t k d
- 29 -
b. Ho t
ng c a LCD:
B ng 4b: Cc m l nh c a LCD
- 30 -
Hnh 4b: S
B ng 4c: Cc l nh v
- 31 -
- 32 -
5. THU T TON:
a. S
thu t ton:
S thay
i nhi t
bn ngoi
ng t
i vo vi i u
X l tn hi u,
a ra gi tr nhi t thng bo
v nh ng
- 33 -
Nhi t
vo t
t<=40
40<t<=85
TB: Bnh th
ng
TB: Nguy Hi m
TB: Chy
Hi n th t
- 34 6. CODE CH NG TRNH: //=======Khai bao thu vien=============== #include <regx51.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> //=======khai bao LCD=========== #define RS P3_5// /RS=0: ghi l nh ho c RS=1: ghi d li u #define RW P3_6//RW=0: ghi; RW=1: c #define EN P3_7//cho php ho c khng #define LCD_dulieu P1// a d li u vo c ng P1 ho c l 0X90 //=======khai bao ADC0804======= #define INTR P3_0 // Chn bo xong chuy n i #define RD P3_1 // c tn hi u chuy n i #define WR P3_2 // B t u chuy n i //=======Ham tao tre============ void delay_ms(int n) //T o th i gian tr micr ogiay { int k,j; for(k=0;k<n;k++) { for(j=0;j<500;j++); } } //========Ghi lenh len LCD========= void LCD_dieukhien(unsigned char x) // i u khi n ghi l nh { RS=0; RW=0; LCD_dulieu=x; EN=1; EN=0; delay_ms(5); } //========Ghi du lieu len LCD======= void LCD_ghi_dulieu(unsig ned char y)// i u khi n ghi d li u { RS=1; RW=0; LCD_dulieu=y; EN=1; EN=0; delay_ms(5); } //===========Setup LCD ban dau=============== void LCD_caidat() // Khoi tao LCD {
- 35 LCD_dieukhien(0x38); //s d ng hai dong ma trn 5X7 LCD_dieukhien(0x0C); //b t hi n th t t con tr LCD_dieukhien(0x06); //d ch con tr sang ph i LCD_dieukhien(0x01); //xa mn hinh LCD delay_ms(15); } //=========Chuoi can hien thi============= void LCD_chuoi(unsigned char *s) { while (*s) { LCD_ghi_dulieu(*s); s++; } } //========Hien thi gia tri nhiet do========== void Hienthi_ADC(unsigned char t) { unsigned char v; if(t<10) { LCD_ghi_dulieu(t+48); } else if(t<100) { LCD_ghi_dulieu(t/10+48); LCD_ghi_dulieu(t%10+48); } else { v=t/10; LCD_ghi_dulieu(v/10+48); LCD_ghi_dulieu(v%10+48); LCD_ghi_dulieu(t%10+48); } } //=================Main=================== == void main(void) { unsigned char gt=0; //gt l bi n gi tr 8bit ADC P3_3=0; LCD_caidat(); LCD_dieukhien(0x80); LCD_chuoi("Phan Duc Yen DTU"); LCD_dieukhien(0xC3);
- 36 LCD_chuoi("Do an co so"); delay_ms(1000); LCD_dieukhien(0x01); while(1) { WR=0; //B t u chuy n i gi tr t ADC delay_ms(5); // T o tr c p nh t d li u t ADC WR=1; // K t thc chuy n i while(!INTR); RD=0; //Nh n d li u d c chuy n i gt=P2; // a gi tr vo c ng P2 LCD_dieukhien(0x06); LCD_dieukhien(0x80); { if(gt<=40) LCD_chuoi("Binh thuong "); else if(gt>40&><=85) LCD_chuoi("Nguy hiem "); else { LCD_chuoi("Warning: Chay!!!"); P3_3=1; delay_ms(150); P3_3=0; delay_ms(50); } } LCD_dieukhien(0xC0); LCD_chuoi("Nhiet do: "); { Hienthi_ADC(gt); // a ra gi tr n nhi t LCD_ghi_dulieu(0XDF); //K t LCD_chuoi("C"); delay_ms(50); } } }
- 37 -
III.
K T QU 1. S
M PH NG: m ph ng Protues:
Hnh 1: S
t ng qut
- 38 -
Hinh 4: LM35
- 39 -
2. K t qu :
Nhi t
bnh th
ng
Bo chy
- 40 -
IV. 1.
K T LU N u i m:
- M ch c gi i nhi t - Thng bo nhi t - Thch ng r ng t 0 0C n 150 0C. i nhi t c a mi tr ng . - C m bi n nhi t p ng nhanh s thay c trong mi tr
- Hi n th b ng LCD nn d dng quan st k c trong bng t i. - Kh n ng ng d ng vo th c t cao do cc linh ki n d tm ki m, thi cng c ng t - M ch ng i n gi n. ng. m c thi t k nh g n, d s d ng, ti n l i v c th dng nhi u
2. Nh
-
c i m:
Ch a hi n th c gi tr nhi t Tnh n nh khng cao khi mang i xa hay s d ng trong khi Cn c sai s nhi t o c do sai s linh ki n v nh ng sai s c. n +150 nn c n ph i l p ng i s d ng d
3.
trnh -
ng pht tri n:
IC LM35 c th o nhi t d i t -55 , t n d ng t i a kh n ng c a thi t b .
hi n th gi tr m c a nhi t
theo di v qu n l.
- 41 -
NH N XT C A GIO VIN H
NG D N
............................................................................................ ........................ ..................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... .. ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... .......................................... ........................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ................................................................ ..................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................... ............................... ..................................................................................................................... ......................................................................... ............................................ ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ............................................................ ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................... ...................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................... ................ ..................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................
- 42 -