KINH TON HC DNG TON LIN QUAN N KSHS www.VIETMATHS.

com

Ha thng An Nam Kinh Ton hc www.VIETMATHS.com 1

Dng 1: CC BI TON V TIP XC

Cho hm s ( ) x f y = , th l (C). C ba loi phng trnh tip tuyn nh sau:
Loi 1: Tip tuyn ca hm s ti im ( ) ( )
0 0
; M x y C e .
Tnh o hm v gi tr ( )
0
' f x .
Phng trnh tip tuyn c dng: ( ) ( )
0 0 0
' y f x x x y = + .

Ch : Tip tuyn ti im ( ) ( )
0 0
; M x y C e c h s gc ( )
0
' k f x =

Loi 2: Bit h s gc ca tip tuyn l k .
Gii phng trnh: ( ) ' f x k = , tm nghim
0 0
x y .
Phng trnh tip tuyn dng: ( )
0 0
y k x x y = + .

Ch : Cho ng thng : 0 Ax By C A + + = , khi :
Nu ( ) // : d d y ax b A = + h s gc k = a.
Nu ( ) : d d y ax b A = + h s gc
1
k
a
= .

Loi 3: Tip tuyn ca (C) i qua im ( ) ( ) ;
A A
A x y C e .
Gi d l ng thng qua A v c h s gc l k, khi ( ) ( ) :
A A
d y k x x y = +
iu kin tip xc ca ( ) ( ) d v C l h phng trnh sau phi c nghim:
( ) ( )
( ) '
A A
f x k x x y
f x k
= +

Tng qut: Cho hai ng cong ( ) ( ) : C y f x = v ( ) ( ) ' : C y g x = . iu kin hai ng cong tip xc vi
nhau l h sau c nghim.
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ' '
f x g x
f x g x
=

.
1. Cho hm s
4 2
2 y x x =
a. kho st v v th (C) ca hm s.
b. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn A ca (C):
i. Ti im c honh 2 x = .
ii. Ti im c tung y = 3.
iii. Tip tuyn song song vi ng thng:
1
: 24 2009 d x y + .
iv. Tip tuyn vung gc vi ng thng:
2
: 24 2009 d x y + + .
2. Cho hm s
2
3
1
x x
y
x
+
=
+
c th l (C).
a. Kho st v v th (C) ca hm s trn.
b. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C):
i. Ti giao im ca (C) vi trc tung.
ii. Ti giao im ca (C) vi trng honh.
iii. Bit tip tuyn i qua im A(1;1).
iv. Bit h s gc ca tip tuyn k = 13.
3. Cho hm s
2
1
1
x x
y
x

=
+
c th (C).
a. Kho st v v th (C) ca hm s trn.
b. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) ti im x = 0.
KINH TON HC DNG TON LIN QUAN N KSHS www.VIETMATHS.com

Ha thng An Nam Kinh Ton hc www.VIETMATHS.com 2
c. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) ti im c tung y = 0.
d. Tm tt c cc im trn trc tung m t k c hai tip tuyn n (C).
4. Cho hm s y = x
3
+ mx
2
+ 1 c th (C
m
). Tm m (C
m
) ct d: y = x + 1 ti ba im phn bit A(0;1),
B, C sao cho cc tip tuyn ca (C
m
) ti B v C vung gc vi nhau.

Li gii:

Phng trnh honh giao im ca d v (C
m
) l: x
3
+ mx
2
+ 1 = x + 1 x(x
2
+ mx + 1) = 0 (*)
t g(x) = x
2
+ mx + 1 . d ct (C
m
) ti ba im phn bit g(x) = 0 c hai nghim phn bit khc 0.

( )
2
4 0 2
2 0 1 0
g m m
m g
A = > >

< = =

.
V x
B
, x
C
l nghim ca g(x) = 0
1
B C
B C
S x x m
P x x
= + =

= =

.
Tip tuyn ca (C
m
) ti B v C vung gc vi nhau nn ta c: ( ) ( ) 1
C B
f x f x ' ' =
( )( ) 3 2 3 2 1
B C B C
x x x m x m + + = ( )
2
9 6 4 1
B C B C B C
x x x x m x x m + + + =


( )
2
1 9 6 4 1 m m m + + =


2
2 10 m = 5 m = (nhn so vi iu kin)
5. Cho hm s
2
1 x
y
x
+
= . Tm tp hp cc im trn mt phng ta t c th k n (C) hai tip
tuyn vung gc.

Li gii:

Gi M(x
0
;y
0
). Phng trnh ng thng d qua M c h s gc k l y = k(x x
0
) + y
0
.
Phng trnh honh giao im ca (C) v d: ( ) ( )
2
0 0
1
, 0
x
k x x y kx
x
+
= + =
( ) ( ) ( )
2
0 0
1 1 0 * k x y kx x + =
d tip xc vi (C):
( ) ( )
2
0 0
1
4 1 0
k
y kx k
=

A = =

( ) ( )
2 2 2
0 0 0 0
0 0
1
2 2 4 0 I
k
x k x y k y
y kx
=

+ + =

T M v hai tip tuyn n (C) vung gc vi nhau khi (1) c hai nghim phn bit tha mn:
1 2
1 2
, 1
1
k k
k k
=

( )
0
2
0
2
0
2
0 0
0
4
1
0
x
y
x
y x

0
2 2
0 0
0 0
0
4
x
x y
y x
=

+ =

.
Vy tp hp cc im tha mn yu cu bi ton l mt ng trn:
2 2
4 x y + = loi b bn giao im ca
ng trn vi hai ng tim cn.
6. Cho hm s
2
1
x
y
x
=
+
. (H KhiD 2007)
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s cho.
b. Tm ta im M thuc (C), bit tip tuyn ca (C) ti M ct Ox, Oy ti A, B v din tch tam gic
OAB bng
1
4

S:
1
; 2
2
M
| |

|
\ .
v ( ) 1;1 M .
KINH TON HC DNG TON LIN QUAN N KSHS www.VIETMATHS.com

Ha thng An Nam Kinh Ton hc www.VIETMATHS.com 3
7. Cho hm s
2
1
2
x x
y
x
+
=
+
. (H KhiB 2006)
a Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s cho.
b. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th (C) bit tip tuyn vung gc vi tim cn xin.
S: b. 2 5 5 y x = .
8. Gi (C
m
) l th ca hm s:
3 2
1 1
3 2 3
m
y x x = = (*) (m l tham s). (H KhiD 2005)
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (*) khi m=2.
b. Gi M l im thuc (C
m
) c honh bng 1. Tm m tip tuyn ca (C
m
) ti M song song vi
ng thng 5 0 x y =
S: m=4.
9. Cho hm s ( )
3 2
3 3
m
y x mx x m C = + . nh m ( )
m
C tip xc vi trc honh.
10. Cho hm s ( ) ( )
4 3 2
1
m
y x x m x x m C = + + . nh m ( )
m
C tip xc vi trc honh.
11. Cho th hm s ( )
2
4
:
1
x
C y
x

=
+
. Tm tp hp cc im trn trc honh sao cho t k c mt tip
tuyn n (C).
12. Cho th hm s ( )
3 2
: 3 4 C y x x = + . Tm tp hp cc im trn trc honh sao cho t c th k
c 3 tip tuyn vi (C).
13. Cho th hm s ( )
4 2
: 2 1 C y x x = + . Tm cc im M nm trn Oy sao cho t M k c 3 tip tuyn
n (C).
14. Cho th hm s ( )
3
: 3 2 C y x x = + . Tm cc im trn ng thng y = 4 sao cho t c th k
c 3 tip tuyn vi (C).
15. Cho hm s y = 4x
3
6x
2
+ 1 (1) (H KhiB 2008)
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1).
b. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th hm s (1), bit rng tip tuyn i qua im M(1;9).
Li gii:
a. D=R, y = 12x
2
12x; y = 0 x = 0 hay x = 1.

BBT :






b. Tip tuyn qua M(1;9) c dng y = k(x + 1) 9.
Phng trnh honh tip im qua M c dng :
4x
3
6x
2
+ 1 = (12x
2
12x)(x + 1) 9.
4x
3
6x
2
+ 10 = (12x
2
12x)(x + 1) 2x
3
3x
2
+ 5 = 6(x
2
x)(x + 1).
x = 1 hay 2x
2
5x + 5 = 6x
2
6x x = 1 hay 4x
2
x 5 = 0.
x = 1 hay x =
5
4
; y(1) = 24;
5 15
'
4 4
y
| |
=
|
\ .
.
Vy phng trnh cc tip tuyn qua M l: y = 24x + 15 hay y =
15
4
x
21
4
.

Dng 2: CC BI TON V CC TR

Cho hm s ( ) x f y = , th l (C). Cc vn v cc tr cn nh:
Nghim ca phng trnh ( ) ' 0 f x = l honh ca im cc tr.
x 0 1 +
y' + 0 0 +
y 1 +

1
C
CT
-1 1
-2
2
x
y
3
2
4
6
1
y
x
x
=

+
KINH TON HC DNG TON LIN QUAN N KSHS www.VIETMATHS.com

Ha thng An Nam Kinh Ton hc www.VIETMATHS.com 4
Nu
( )
( )
0
0
' 0
'' 0
f x
f x
=

<

th hm s t cc i ti
0
x x = .
Nu
( )
( )
0
0
' 0
'' 0
f x
f x
=

>

th hm s t cc tiu ti
0
x x = .

Mt s dng bi tp v cc tr thng gp

hm s ( ) y f x = c 2 cc tr
'
0
0
y
a =

A >

.
hm s ( ) y f x = c hai cc tr nm v 2 pha i vi trc honh . 0
C CT
y y < .
hm s ( ) y f x = c hai cc tr nm v 2 pha i vi trc tung . 0
C CT
x x < .
hm s ( ) y f x = c hai cc tr nm pha trn trc honh
0
. 0
C CT
C CT
y y
y y
+ >

>

.
hm s ( ) y f x = c hai cc tr nm pha di trc honh
0
. 0
C CT
C CT
y y
y y
+ <

<

.
hm s ( ) y f x = c cc tr tip xc vi trc honh . 0
C CT
y y = .

Cch vit phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im cc tr.

Dng 1: hm s
3 2
y ax bx cx d = + + +
Ly y chia cho y, c thng l q(x) v d l r(x). Khi y = r(x) l ng thng i qua 2 im cc tr.
Dng 2: Hm s
2
ax bx c
y
dx e
+ +
=
+

ng thng qua hai im cc tr c dng
( )
( )
2
'
2
'
ax bx c
a b
y x
dx e d d
+ +
= = +
+


1. Chng minh rng hm s y =
( )
2 2 4
1 1 x m m x m
x m
+ +

lun c c cc tr vi mi m. Tm m sao cho hai

cc tr nm trn ng thng y=2x.
2. Cho hm s ( )
3 2
1
2 1
3
y x mx m x = + + . nh m :
a. Hm s lun c cc tr.
b. C cc tr trong khong ( ) 0; + .
c. C hai cc tr trong khong ( ) 0; + .
3. nh m hm s
( )
3 2 2 2
3 1 2 4 y x mx m x b ac = + + t cc i ti x = 2.
4. Cho hm s y = x
3
3x
2
+3mx+3m+4.
a. Kho st hm s khi m = 0.
b. nh m hm s khng c cc tr.
c. nh m hm s c cc i v cc tiu.
5. Cho hm s
3 2
3 9 3 5 y x mx x m = + + . nh m th hm s c cc i cc tiu, vit phng trnh
ng thng i qua hai im cc tr y.
6. Cho hm s
( )
2
1 1 x m x m
y
x m
+ + +
=

. Chng minh rng th hm s lun c cc i, cc tiu vi mi

m. Hy nh m hai cc tr nm v hai pha i vi trc honh.
KINH TON HC DNG TON LIN QUAN N KSHS www.VIETMATHS.com

Ha thng An Nam Kinh Ton hc www.VIETMATHS.com 5
7. Cho hm s ( ) ( )
3 2
1 2 2 2 y x m x m x m = + + + + . nh m th hm s c hai cc tr ng thi
honh ca im cc tiu nh hn 1.
8. Cho hm s
2 2
2 1 3 x mx m
y
x m
+ +
=

. nh m th hm s c hai cc tr nm v hai pha i vi trc

tung.
9. Cho hm s ( ) ( )
3 2
1
2 1 2
3
m
y x mx m x m C = + + . nh m hm s c hai im cc tr cng dng.
10. Cho hm s
( )
2 2
2 1 4
2
x m x m m
y
x
+ + + +
=
+
(1). (H KhiA nm 2007)
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca th hm (1) s khi m=1.
b. Tm m hm s (1) c cc i v cc tiu, ng thi cc im cc tr ca th cng vi gc ta
O to thnh tam gic vung ti O.
S: 4 2 6 m = .
11. Cho hm s
( )
3 2 2 2
3 3 1 3 1 y x x m x m = + (1), m l tham s. (H KhiB nm 2007)
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca th hm (1) s khi m=1.
b. Tm m hm s (1) c cc i, cc tiu v cc im cc tr ca th hm s (1) cch u gc ta
.
S : b
1
2
m = .
12. Cho hm s
( )
4 2 2
9 10 y mx m x = + + (1) (m l tham s).
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca th hm s khi m=1.
b. Tm m th hm s (1) c ba im cc tr. (H KhiB nm 2002)
a.
-5 5
-5
5
10
x
y
b. S :
3
0 3
m
m
<

< <

13. Gi (C
m
) l th ca hm s
( )
2
1 1
1
x m x m
y
x
+ + + +
=
+
(*) (m l tham s)
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca th hm s khi m=1.
b. Chng minh rng vi m bt k, th (C
m
) lun c hai im cc i, cc tiu v khong cch gia
hai im bng 20 .
KINH TON HC DNG TON LIN QUAN N KSHS www.VIETMATHS.com

Ha thng An Nam Kinh Ton hc www.VIETMATHS.com 6
a.
-4 -2 2
-2
2
4
x
y
b. C(2;m3), CT(0;m+1) 20 MN = =

Dng 3: CC BI TON V NG BINNGHCH BIN

Cho hm s ( ) x f y = c tp xc nh l min D.
f(x) ng bin trn D ( ) D x x f e > , 0 ' .
f(x) nghch bin trn D ( ) D x x f e s , 0 ' .
(ch xt trng hp f(x) = 0 ti mt s hu hn im trn min D)

Thng dng cc kin thc v xt du tam thc bc hai:
2
f x ax bx c .

1. Nu 0 A < th f(x) lun cng du vi a.
2. Nu 0 A = th f(x) c nghim
2
b
x
a
= v f(x) lun cng du vi a khi
2
b
x
a
= .
3. Nu 0 A > th f(x) c hai nghim, trong khong 2 nghim f(x) tri du vi a, ngoi khong 2 nghim f(x) cng
du vi a.

So snh nghim ca tam thc vi s 0
*
1 2
0
0 0
0
x x P
S
A >

< < >

<

*
1 2
0
0 0
0
x x P
S
A >

< < >

>

*
1 2
0 0 x x P < < <
1. Cho hm s ( ) ( )
3 2
3 1 3 1 1 y x m x m x = + + + + . nh m :
a. Hm s lun ng bin trn R.
b. Hm s lun ng bin trn khong ( ) 2; + .
2. Xc nh m hm s
3 2
2 1
3 2
x mx
y x = + .
a. ng bin trn R.
b. ng bin trn ( ) 1; + .
3. Cho hm s ( ) ( )
3 2
3 2 1 12 5 2 y x m x m x = + + + + .
a. nh m hm s ng bin trn khong ( ) 2; + .
b. nh m hm s nghch bin trn khong ( ) ; 1 .
4. Cho hm s
2
6 2
2
mx x
y
x
+
=
+
. nh m hm s nghch bin trn | ) + ; 1 .

KINH TON HC DNG TON LIN QUAN N KSHS www.VIETMATHS.com

Ha thng An Nam Kinh Ton hc www.VIETMATHS.com 7
Dng 4: CC BI TON V GIAO IM CA 2 NG CONG

Quan h gia s nghim v s giao im

Cho hai hm s y=f(x) c th (C
1
) v y=g(x) c th (C
2
). Kho st s tng giao gia hai th
(C
1
) v (C
2
) tng ng vi kho st s nghim ca phng trnh: f(x) = g(x) (1). S giao im ca (C
1
) v
(C
2
) ng bng s nghim ca phng trnh honh giao im (1).
(1) v nghim (C
1
) v (C
2
) khng c im chung.
(1) c n nghim (C
1
) v (C
2
) c n im chung.
(1) c nghim n x
1
(C
1
) v (C
2
) ct nhau ti N(x
1
;y
1
).
(1) c nghim kp x
0
(C
1
) tip xc (C
2
) ti M(x
0
;y
0
).

1. Cho hm s
( )
2
1
1
x
y
x

=
+
c th l (C).
a. Kho st v v th ca hm s.
b. Bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh ( )
2
2 1 0 x m x m + + = .
2. Cho hm s ( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 y x x = + c th l (C).
a. Kho st v v th hm s trn.
b. Dng th (C) bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh
( )
2
2
1 2 1 0 x m + = .
3. Cho hm s
3 2
4 y x kx = + .
a. Kho st hm s trn khi k = 3.
b. Tm cc gi tr ca k phng trnh
3 2
4 0 x kx + = c nghim duy nht.
4. Cho hm s
3
3 2 y x x = + . (H KhiD 2006)
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s cho.
b. Gi d l ng thng i qua im A(3;20) c h s gc m. Tm m ng thng d ct th (C) ti
ba im phn bit.
S: b.
15
, 24
4
m m > = .
5. Cho hm s
( )
2
3 3
2 1
x x
y
x
+
=

(1) (H KhiA 2004)

a. Kho st hm s (1).
b. Tm m ng thng y=m ct th hm s (1) ti hai im A, B sao cho AB=1.
S: b.
1 5
2
m

= .
6. Cho hm s
2
1
mx x m
y
x
+ +
=

(*) (m l tham s) (H KhiA 2003)

a. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca th hm s khi m=1.
b. Tm m th hm s (1) ct trc honh ti hai im phn bit v hai im c honh dng.
S: b.
1
0
2
m < < .
7. a. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s
2
2 4
2
x x
y
x
+
=

(1). (H KhiD 2003)

b. Tm m ng thng : 2 2
m
d y mx m = + ct th hm s (1) ti hai im phn bit.
S: m>1.
8. Cho hm s y = x
3
+ 3mx
2
+ 3(1 m
2
)x + m
3
m
2
(1) (m l tham s) (H KhiA 2002)
KINH TON HC DNG TON LIN QUAN N KSHS www.VIETMATHS.com

Ha thng An Nam Kinh Ton hc www.VIETMATHS.com 8
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 1.
b. Tm k phng trnh x
3
+ 3x
2
+ k
3
3k
2
= 0 c 3 nghim phn bit.
c. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im cc tr ca th hm s (1).
S: b.
1 3
0 2
k
k k
< <

= . =

, c.
2
2 y x m m = + .

Dng 5: CC BI TON V KHONG CCH

Cc cng thc v khong cch:
Khong cch gia hai im ( di on thng): ( ) ( )
2 2
B A B A
AB x x y y = + .
Khong cch t mt im n mt ng thng: Cho ng thng : 0 Ax By C A + + = v im
M(x
0
;y
0
) khi ( )
0 0
2 2
, .
Ax By C
d M
A B
+ +
A =
+
.

1. Cho hm s ( )
3 2
3 3 3 2
m
y x mx x m C = + + . nh m ( )
m
C c cc i cc tiu ng thi khong
cch gia chng l b nht.
2. Cho hm s ( )
2 2
:
1
x
C y
x
+
=

. Tm ta cc im M nm trn (C) c tng khong cch n hai tim cn l

nh nht.
3. Cho hm s ( )
2
1
:
1
x x
C y
x
+
=

. Tm cc im M thuc (C) c tng khong cch n 2 tim cn l nh

nht.
4. Cho hm s ( )
2 2
:
1
x
C y
x
+
=

. Tm hai im M, N thuc hai nhnh khc nhau ca (C) sao cho on MN

nh nht.
5. Cho hm s ( )
2
1
:
1
x x
C y
x
+ +
=
+
. Tm hai im M, N thuc 2 nhnh khc nhau ca (C) sao cho on MN
nh nht.
6. Cho hm s ( )
2
2 1
:
1
x x
C y
x
+ +
=

.
a. Tm cc im thuc th (C) c tng khong cch n hai trc ta l nh nht.
b. Tm hai im M, N thuc hai nhnh khc nhau ca (C) sao cho on MN nh nht.
7. Gi (C
m
) l th ca hm s:
1
y mx
x
= + (*) (m l tham s) (H KhiA 2005)
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (*) khi m =
1
4
.
b. Tm m th hm s (*) c cc tr v khong cch t im cc tiu ca (C
m
) n tim cn xin
bng
1
2
. S: m=1.

Dng 6: CC IM C NH

Phng php:
T hm s ( ) , y f x m = ta a v dng ( ) ( ) , , F x y mG x y = . Khi ta im c nh nu c l
nghim ca h phng trnh
( )
( )
, 0
, 0
F x y
G x y
=

.

KINH TON HC DNG TON LIN QUAN N KSHS www.VIETMATHS.com

Ha thng An Nam Kinh Ton hc www.VIETMATHS.com 9
1. Cho hm s ( ) ( )
3 2
3 1 3 2
m
y x m x mx C = + . Chng minh rng ( )
m
C lun i qua hai im c nh
khi m thay i.
2. Cho hm s ( )
( )
2
2 6 4
:
2
m
x m x
C y
mx
+ +
=
+
. Chng minh rng th ( )
m
C lun i qua mt im c nh
khi m thay i.
3. Cho hm s ( ) ( ) ( )
4 2
: 1 2 3 1
m
C y m x mx m = + + . Tm cc im c nh ca h th trn.
4. Chng minh rng th ca hm s ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
3 3 3 6 1 1
m
y m x m x m x m C = + + + + + lun i qua ba
im c nh.

Dng 7: TH CHA DU GI TR TUYT I

y = f(x) c th (C)
( ) y f x = c th (C) ( ) y f x = c th (C )

( ) 0, y f x x D = > e . Do ta phi
gi nguyn phn pha trn trc Ox v ly
i xng phn pha di trc Ox ln trn.
( ) y f x = c ( ) ( ) f x f x = ,
x D e nn y l hm s chn do
c th i xng qua trc tung
Oy.

x
y
(C)


x
y
(C')


x
y
(C'')



Ch : i vi hm hu t

1. Cho hm s ( )
2
:
2 2
x x
C y
x
+
=

.
a. Kho st hm s.
b. nh k phng trnh sau c bn nghim phn bit.
2
2 2
x x
k
x
+
=

.
-2 2 4
-2
2
4
6
x
y
2
2 2
x x
y
x
+
=

-2 2
-2
2
4
x
y
2
2 2
x x
y
x
+
=

2. Cho hm s ( )
2
3 3
:
1
x x
C y
x
+ +
=
+
.
KINH TON HC DNG TON LIN QUAN N KSHS www.VIETMATHS.com

Ha thng An Nam Kinh Ton hc www.VIETMATHS.com 10
a. Kho st v v th hm s.
b. Bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh:
2
3 3
1
x x
m
x
+ +
=
+
.
-4 -2 2
-2
2
4
x
y
2
3 3
1
x x
y
x
+ +
=
+

-4 -2 2
-2
2
4
x
y
2
3 3
1
x x
y
x
+ +
=
+

3. Cho hm s ( )
2
4
:
1
x x
C y
x

.
a. Kho st hm s.
b. nh m phng trnh ( )
2
4 0 x m x m + = c bn nghim phn bit.
-2 2
-2
2
4
x
y
2
4
1
x x
y
x

-2 2
-2
2
4
x
y
2
4
1
x x
y
x

4. Cho hm s ( )
2
1
:
2
x x
C y
x
+
=
+
.
1. Kho st hm s.
2. nh m phng trnh sau c hai nghim phn bit: ( )
2
1 2 1 0 x m x m + = .
5. a. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s
3 2
2 9 12 4 y x x x = + .
b. Tm m phng trnh sau c su nghim phn bit:
3
2
2 9 12 x x x m + = . (H Khi A2006)
S: b. 4<m<5.

Dng 8: CC CP IM I XNG

im ( )
0 0
; I x y l tm i xng ca th ( ) ( ) : C y f x = Tn ti hai im M(x;y) v M(x;y)
thuc (C) tha:
( ) ( )
0
0
' 2
' 2
x x x
f x f x y
+ =

+ =

( ) ( )
0
0 0
' 2
2 2
x x x
f x f x x y
=

+ =

Vy ( )
0 0
; I x y l tm i xng ca (C) ( ) ( )
0 0
2 2 f x y f x x = .

1. Cho hm s
2
2 2 2
2 3
x x m
y
x
+ + +
=
+
c th ( )
m
C .
KINH TON HC DNG TON LIN QUAN N KSHS www.VIETMATHS.com

Ha thng An Nam Kinh Ton hc www.VIETMATHS.com 11
Tm gi tr ca m ( )
m
C c hai im phn bit i xng nhau qua gc ta O.
2. Cho hm s ( )
2 2 2
2
:
1
m
x m x m
C y
x
+ +
=
+
.
nh m ( )
m
C c hai im phn bit i xng nhau qua gc ta O.
3. Cho hm s ( )
3 2
3 1 y x x m = + (m l tham s).
a. Tm m th hm s (1) c hai im phn bit i xng vi nhau qua gc ta .
b. Kho st v v th hm s (1) khi m=2. (H Khi B2003)
S: a. ( ) ( )
0 0 0
, 0 f x f x x = = m>0.
4. Cho hm s
3
2
11
3
3 3
x
y x x = + + c th ( ) C . Tm trn (C) hai im M, N i xng nhau qua trc
tung.
5. Cho hm s ( )
3 2
1 y x ax bx c = + + + . Xc nh a, b, c th hm s (1) c tm i xng l I(0;1) v i
qua im M(1;1).
6. Cho hm s y = x
3
3x
2
+ 4 (1) (H Khi D2008)
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1).
b. Chng minh rng mi ng thng i qua im I(1;2) vi h s gc k (k > 3) u ct th ca
hm s (1) ti ba im phn bit I, A, B ng thi I l trung im ca on thng AB.

Li gii:

a. D = R.
y' = 3x
2
6x = 3x(x 2), y' = 0 x = 0, x = 2.
y" = 6x 6, y" = 0 x = 1.

x 0 1 2 +
y' + 0 | 0 +
y" 0 + +
y 4 +
C 2 CT
U 0
2. d : y 2 = k(x 1) y = kx k + 2.
Phng trnh honh giao im: x
3
3x
2
+ 4 = kx k + 2 x
3
3x
2
kx + k + 2 = 0.
(x 1)(x
2
2x k 2) = 0 x = 1 v g(x) = x
2
2x k 2 = 0.
V A' > 0 v g(1) 0 (do k > 3) v x
1
+ x
2
= 2x
I
nn c pcm!.

Dng 9: MT S BI TON LIN QUAN N TIM CN

1. nh ngha:
(d) l tim cn ca (C)
( ) ( )
0 lim =
e

C M
M
MH
2. Cch xc nh tim cn
a. Tim cn ng: ( ) ( )
0
: lim
0
x x d x f
x x
= =

.
b. Tim cn ngang: ( ) ( )
0 0
: lim y y d y x f
x
= =

.
c. Tim cn xin: TCX c phng trnh: y=x+ trong :
( )
( ) | | x x f
x
x f
x x
= =

lim ; lim .
Cc trng hp c bit:
-2 2
2
4
x
y
O
6
4
2
y
x
(d)
(C)
H
M
KINH TON HC DNG TON LIN QUAN N KSHS www.VIETMATHS.com

Ha thng An Nam Kinh Ton hc www.VIETMATHS.com 12
*Hm s bc nht trn bc nht (hm nht bin)
n mx
b ax
y
+
+
=
+TX: D= R\
)
`

m
n

+TC: ( )
m
n
x d y
m
n
x
= =

: lim
+TCN: ( )
m
a
y d
m
a
y
x
= =

: lim
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
-2
-1
1
2
3
x
y
m
a
y =
m
n
x =
I

* Hm s bc hai trn bc nht (hm hu t)
( )
n mx
A
x
n mx
c bx ax
y
+
+ + =
+
+ +
=
2

+TX: D= R\
)
`

m
n

+TC: ( )
m
n
x d y
m
n
x
= =

: lim
+TCX: 0 lim =
+

n mx
A
x
TCX: y=x+
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
-2
-1
1
2
3
x
y
+ = x y
m
n
x =
I


1. Cho hm s
( )
( )
2 2
3 2 2
1
3
mx m x
y
x m
+
=
+
, vi m l tham s thc.
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s (1) khi m =1.
b. Tm cc gi tr ca m gc gia hai ng tim cn ca th hm s (1) bng 45
0
.
(H Khi A2008)
Li gii:
a. Khi m =1:
2
2 4
2
3 3
x x
y x
x x
+
= = +
+ +
.
TX: D R = { } 3
( )
2
2
6 5
3
x x
y
x
+ +
' =
+
. 0 y' =
( )
( )
1 1 1
5 5 9
x y
x y
= =

= =

Tim cn:
3
lim
x
y

= tim cn ng: x = 3.
4
lim 0
3 x x
=
+
tim cn xin: y = x 2.
lim , lim
x x
y y
+
= = +,
3 3
lim , lim
x x
y y
+

= = +.
Bng bin thin th:



x -5 -1
y ' 0 0
y -9 CT
C -1
-3 +
+ +





b.
( )
2 2
3 2 2
6 2
2
3 3
mx m x
m
y mx
x m x m
+

= = +
+ +

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
2
x
y
KINH TON HC DNG TON LIN QUAN N KSHS www.VIETMATHS.com

Ha thng An Nam Kinh Ton hc www.VIETMATHS.com 13
Gi (C
m
) l th hm s. (C
m
) c tim cn ng
1
: 3 0 d x m + = v tim cn xin
2
: d 2 0 mx y =
1
0
3
m m
| |
= . =
|
\ .
.
Theo gi thuyt ta c:
0
2
cos 45
1
m
m
=
+

2
2
2
1
m
m
=
+

2
1 m = 1 m = (nhn).
2. Cho hm s ( )
( )
2 2
1 1 mx m x m
y f x
x
+ +
= = . Tm m sao cho th ca hm s f c tim cn xin i
qua gc ta .
3. Cho hm s ( )
2
(2 1). 3
1, 0
2
ax a x a
y a a
x
+ + +
= = =

c th (C). Chng minh rng th ca hm s

ny c tim cn xin lun i qua mt im c nh.
4. Cho hm s
2
2 3 2
( )
1
x x
y f x
x
+
= =

c th (C).
a. Chng minh rng tch khong cch t mt im M bt k trn (C) n hai ng ng tim cn l mt
s khng i.
b. Tm ta im N thuc (C) sao cho tng khong cch t N n hi tim cn nh nht.
5. Cho hm s
2
2 2
( )
1
x mx
y f x
x
+
= =

c th (C
m
). Tm m ng tim cn xin ca th hm s to
vi hai trc ta mt tam gic c din tch bng 4.

Dng 10: DIN TCHTH TCH

ng dng tch phn (Dng ny thng xut hin trong cc thi tt nghp)
a. Din tch
Cho hai hm s y=f(x) v y=g(x) c th (C
1
), (C
2
). Din tch hnh phng gii hn bi (C
1
), (C
2
) v
hai ng thng x=a, x=b c tnh bi cng thc:
( ) ( )
b
a
S f x g x dx =

Ch :
Nu din tch thiu cc ng thng x=a, x=b
ta phi gii phng trnh f(x)=g(x) tm a, b.
b. Th tch
Th tch do hnh phng gii hn bi
{(C):y=f(x),y=0,x=a,x=b} quay quanh Ox
c tnh bi cng thc: ( ) | |

=
b
a
dx x f V
2

Th tch do hnh phng gii hn bi
{(C): x=c(y), x=0, y=c, y=d} quay quanh Oy
c tnh bi cng thc: ( ) | |

=
d
c
dy y V
2

x
y
O
f(x)
g(x)
b a
x
y
O
f(x)
c(x)
b a
y
x c
d
O
KINH TON HC DNG TON LIN QUAN N KSHS www.VIETMATHS.com

Ha thng An Nam Kinh Ton hc www.VIETMATHS.com 14
Th tch trn xoay do hnh phng gii hn bi hai ng y=f(x), y=g(x) quay quanh Ox
(f(x)>g(x), xe[a;b]) c tnh bi cng thc: ( ) | | ( ) | | { }

=
b
a
dx x g x f V
2 2
.
*
* *
1. Cho hm s
( )
2
2 1
1
m x m
y
x

=

(1) (m l tham s). (H KhiD 2002)

a. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s (1) ng vi m=1.
b. Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hm bi ng cong (C) v hai trc ta .
c. Tm m th hm s (1) tip xc vi ng thng y=x.
S: b.
4
1 4ln
3
S = + , c 1 m = .