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I HC QUC GIA H NI

THI TUYN SINH LP 10


TRNG I HC KHOA HC T NHIN
H THPT CHUYN NM 2011
MN: HA HC
Thi gian lm bi: 120 pht (Khng k thi gian pht )

Cu I: (1,5 im) Thi dng kh CO i qua ng s cha 6,1 gam hn hp A gm CuO, Al2O3
v mt oxit ca kim loi R t nng, ti khi phn ng hon ton th cht rn cn li trong ng
c khi lng 4,82 gam. Ton b lng cht rn ny phn ng va vi 150 ml dung dch
HCl 1M. Sau phn ng thy thot ra 1,008 lt kh H2 ( ktc) v cn li 1,28 gam cht rn
khng tan.
(a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
(b) Xc nh kim loi R v cng thc oxit ca R trong hn hp A.
Cu II: (1,5 im) Ha tan ht 37,725 gam hn hp B gm nhng lng bng nhau v s mol
ca NaHCO3, KHCO3, CaCl2 v BaCl2 vo 130 ml nc ct, sau thm tip 4,65 gam Na2O.
Khuy u cho cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, sau lc b kt ta, thu c dung dch C.
Hy tnh nng % ca tng cht c trong dung dch C. Gi thit rng kt ta dng khan,
cc cht khng b tht thot trong qu trnh th nghim.
Cu III: (1,5 im) t chy hon ton 0,1 mol cht hu c D, sn phm ch gm 4,48 lt kh
CO2 ( ktc) v 5,4 gam H2O. Vit cng thc cu to cc cht tha mn tnh cht trn ca D.
Cu IV: (1,5 im) Cht hu c E c to bi ba loi nguyn t v ch cha mt loi nhm
chc, trong hidro chim 6,85%; oxi chim 43,84% khi lng ca E. Khi lng mol ca E
nh hn 250 gam. Ly 4,38 gam E cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va , sn phm gm
ancol v 4,92 gam mui. Tm cng thc phn t v vit cng thc cu to ca E.
Cu V: (2,0 im) Dung dch X l dung dch HCl. Dung dch Y l dung dch NaOH. Cho 60
ml dung dch vo cc cha 100 gam dung dch Y, to ra dung dch ch cha mt cht tan. C
cn dung dch, thu c 14,175 gam cht rn Z. Nung Z n khi lng khng i, th ch cn
li 8,775 gam cht rn.
(a) Tm nng CM ca dung dch X, nng C% ca dung dch Y v cng thc ca Z.
(b) Cho 16,4 gam hn hp X1 gm Al, Fe vo cc ng 840 ml dung dch X. Sau phn ng
thm tip 1600 gam dung dch Y vo cc. Khuy u cho phn ng hon ton, lc ly kt ta,
em nung ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c 13,1 gam cht rn Y 1. Tm
thnh phn % theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp X1.
Cu VI: (2,0 im) Cho ancol A1 c khi lng mol bng 76 gam tc dng vi axit cacboxylic
B1 c cht M mch h. Mi cht A1 v B1 ch cha mt loi nhm chc. Khi t chy hon
ton 17,2 gam cht M, cn dng va ht 14,56 lt O2 (ktc). Sn phm chy ch gm CO2 v
H2O theo t l s mol tng ng l 7: 4. Mt khc, c 17,2 gam M phn ng va ht vi 8 gam
NaOH. Bit M c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht. Xc nh cng thc
cu to ca A1, M v B1.
Cho nguyn t khi: H = 1; C = 12; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; Cl = 35,5; K =
39; Ca = 40; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Ag = 108; Ba = 137; Pb = 207.

Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm.

I HC QUC GIA H NI

P N V THANG IM
KY THI TUYN SINH VO LP 10
TRNG THPT CHUYN KHTN NM 2011

TRNG I HC KHOA HC T NHIN

MN: HA HC
P N
Cu I: (1,5 im)
(a) V khi cho cht rn thu c sau phn ng vi CO tc dng vi dung dch HCl to ra kh H2 nn
R phi l kim loi ng sau Al v ng trc hidro trong dy hot ng ha hc. t cng thc oxit
ca R l RxOy.
CuO + CO Cu + CO2
a
a
RxOy + y CO x R + y CO2
c
xc
Al2O3 + 6 HCl 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2O
b
6b
R + n HCl RCln + n/2 H2
xc
nxc
xc
nxc/2
(b) t s mol ca CuO, Al2O3, RxOy trong 6,1 gam hn hp A ln lt l a, b v c. C:
80a + 102b + (xMR + 16y)c = 6,1
(1)
1,28 + 102b + MRxc = 4,82
(2)
64a = 1,28
(3)
6b + nxc = 0,15
(4)
nxc/2 = 0,045
(5)
(3) =>
a = 0,02
;
(5) =>
ncx = 0,09
(6)
(4) =>
b = 0,01
;
(2) =>
MR = 28n;
=>
n = 2; MR = 56, R l Fe
(6) =>
xc = 0,045
;
(1) => yc = 0,06
=>

x 0,045
3
=
=
y
0,06
4

1/4

1/4

2/4

=>
x = 3; y = 4, cng thc oxit l Fe3O4.
Cu II: (1,5 im) Gi s mol ca mi cht trong hn hp B l a mol. C:
84a + 100a + 111a + 208a = 37,725
=>
a = 0,075 mol

n Na 2O = 4,65 : 62 = 0,075 mol

Cc phn ng xy ra:
Na2O + H2O 2 NaOH
0,075
0,15
NaHCO3 + NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O
0,075
0,075
0,075
2 KHCO3 + 2 NaOH K2CO3 + Na2CO3 + 2 H2O
0,075
0,075
0,0375
0,0375
Na2CO3 + CaCl2 CaCO3 + 2 NaCl
0,075
0,075
0,075
0,15
Na2CO3 + BaCl2 BaCO3 + 2 NaCl
0,0375
0,0375
0,0375
0,075
K2CO3 + BaCl2 BaCO3 + 2 KCl
0,0375
0,0375
0,0375
0,075
mC = 37,725 + 130 + 4,65 - (0,075. 100 + 0,075. 197 ) = 150,1 gam
(0,15 + 0,075) 58,5
C% (NaCl) =
100 = 8,77 %
=>
150,1
C% (KCl) =

im

0,075 74,5
100 = 3,72 %
150,1

Cu III: (1,5 im) t cng thc phn t tng qut ca D l CxHyOz.

2/4

1/4
1/4

1/4

1/4
1/4

1/4

y
H2O
2
0,1
0,2
0,3
C:
nCO2 = 4,48 : 22,4 = 0,2 mol
;
nH2O = 5,4: 18 = 0,3 mol
C:
0,1x = 0,2; => x = 2
;
0,1y/2 = 0,3; => y = 6
Nu z = 0, CTPT ca D l C2H6, D c mt ng phn: CH3-CH3.
Nu z = 1, CTPT ca D l C2H6O, D c hai ng phn: C2H5OH v CH3-O-CH3.
Nu z = 2, CTPT ca D l C2H6O2, D c hai ng phn: HOCH2-CH2OH v CH3-O-CH2OH.
Cu IV: (1,5 im) V E l cht hu c nn nguyn t cn li phi l cacbon. C:
%C = (100- 6,85 - 43,84) % = 49,31%
t cng thc tng qut ca E l CxHyOz. C:
49 ,31 6,85 43,84
x: y:z =
:
:
=3:5: 2
12
1
16
=> CTPT ca E l (C3H5O2)n. C: 73n < 250; => n < 3,42
Vy nghim ph hp l n = 2. CTPT ca E l C6H10O4.
V E phn ng vi NaOH cho ancol v mui nn E phi l este. Do E ch cha mt loi nhm chc
v mt phn t E c cha 4 nguyn t oxi nn E l este hai ln.
Trng hp 1: E c to bi axit cacboxylic n chc v ru hai chc: ( RCOO ) 2 R '
( RCOO ) 2 R ' + 2 NaOH 2 RCOONa + R'(OH)2
C:
nE = 4,38: 146 = 0,03 mol; R + 67 = 4,92: 0,06 = 82; => R = 15. Vy E c hai
ng phn tha mn: CH3COO-CH2-CH2-OOC-CH3 v HCOO-CH2-CH2-OOC-C2H5.
Trng hp 2: E c to bi axit cacboxylic hai chc v ru n chc: R (COO R ') 2
R (COO R ') 2 + 2 NaOH R(COONa)2 + 2 R'OH
C:
nE = 4,38: 146 = 0,03 mol; R + 672 = 4,92: 0,03 = 164; => R = 30 (khng ph
hp).
Trng hp 3: E c to bi axit cacboxylic hai chc v ru hai chc: R (COO ) 2 R '
R (COO ) 2 R ' + 2 NaOH R (COONa ) 2 + R'(OH)2
C:
nE = 4,38: 146 = 0,03 mol; R + 672 = 4,92: 0,03 = 164; => R = 30 (khng ph
hp).
Cu V: (2,0 im)
(a)
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
NaCl + n H2O NaCl.nH2O
Z
NaCl.nH2O NaCl + n H2O
Do dung dch thu c ch cha mt cht tan nn HCl v NaOH phn ng va vi nhau. C:
nHCl = nNaOH = nNaCl = 8,775: 58,5 = 0,15 mol.

CxHyOz + ( x +

C M ( HCl ) =

y z
) O2
4 2

x CO2 +

1/4
5/4

1/4
1/4
1/4

2/4

1/8

1/8

1/4

0,15
= 2,5M
0,06

0,15 40
100% = 6%
100
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c:
nH2O = 14,175 - 8,775 = 5,4 gam;
nH2O = 0,3 mol
=>
n = 0,3: 0,15 = 2;
Vy cng thc ca Z l NaCl.2H2O.
(b) S mol HCl c trong 840 ml dung dch X: nHCl = 0,84 2,5 = 2,1 mol
1600 6
= 2,4 mol
S mol NaOH c trong 1600 gam dung dch Y: n NaOH =
100 40
Al + 3 HCl AlCl3 + 3/2 H2
(1)
a
3a
a
Fe + 2 HCl FeCl2 + H2
(2)
b
2b
b
Gi s X1 ch c Al. Vy s mol HCl cn dng ha tan ht lng Al l:
16 ,4
nHCl =
3 = 1,82 < 2,1
27
Gi s X1 ch c Fe. Vy s mol HCl cn dng ha tan ht lng Fe l:
16 ,4
nHCl =
2 = 0,59 < 2,1
56
Vy vi thnh phn bt k ca Al v Fe trong X1 th HCl lun d. Khi thm dung dch Y:
HCl
+ NaOH NaCl + H2O
(3)
C %( NaOH ) =

1/4

1/4

1/4

2,1 - (3a + 2b) 2,1 - (3a + 2b)


FeCl2 + 2 NaOH Fe(OH)2 + 2 NaCl
(4)
b
2b
b
AlCl3 + 3 NaOH Al(OH)3 + 3 NaCl
(5)
a
3a
a
t s mol ca Al v Fe trong 16,4 gam hn hp X1 ln lt l a v b. C:
27a + 56b = 16,4
(*)
Tng s mol NaOH tham gia cc phn ng (3), (4) v (5) l 2,1 mol
=> s mol NaOH d l: 2,4- 2,1 = 0,3 mol.
Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2 H2O
a
0,3
Trng hp 1: a 0,3, Al(OH)3 b ha tan hon ton, kt ta ch c Fe(OH)2.
4 Fe(OH)2 + O2 2 Fe2O3 + 4 H2O
b
b/2
Cht rn Y1 l Fe2O3.
b/2 = nFe2O3 = 13,1: 160 = 0,081875; => b = 0,16375 mol
(*) =>
a = 0,2678 mol ( 0,3)
=>
%Al = 27 0,2678 100: 16,4 = 44,09%;
%Fe = 55,91%.
Trng hp 2: a > 0,3, Al(OH)3 b ha tan mt phn, kt ta c Fe(OH)2 v Al(OH)3 d.
2 Al(OH)3 Al2O3 + 3 H2O
a - 0,3
(a - 0,3)/2
4 Fe(OH)2 + O2 2 Fe2O3 + 4 H2O
b
b/2
Cht rn Y1 c Al2O3 v Fe2O3.
51 (a - 0,3) + 80 b = 13,1
(**)
T (*) v (**) suy ra: a = 0,4; b = 0,1
=>
%Al = 27 0,4 100: 16,4 = 65,85%;
%Fe = 34,15%.
Cu VI: (2,0 im) t cng thc tng qut ca A1 l CxHyOz. C:
12x + y + 16z = 76
Nghim ph hp ca phng trnh trn l x = 3; y = 8; z = 2. CTPT ca A1 l C3H8O2. A1 c 2 ng
phn tha mn: CH3-CHOH-CH2OH; HOCH2-CH2-CH2OH.
t cng thc tng qut ca M l CaHbOc. C:
b c
b
CaHbOc + ( a + ) O2 a CO2 +
H2O
4 2
2
17,2 gam
0,65 mol
7t
4t
nO2 = 14,56: 22,4 = 0,65 mol
t s mol ca CO2 l 7t. Vy s mol ca H2O l 4t. p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng cho phn
ng chy ta c:
17,2 + 0,65 32 = 7t44 + 184t
;
=> t = 0,1
=>
nC = nCO2 = 0,7 mol
nH = 2nH2O = 0,8 mol
=>
nO = (17,2 - 0,712 - 0,81): 16 = 0,5 mol
=>
a : b : c = nC: nH: nO = 0,7: 0,8: 0,5 = 7: 8: 5
V M c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht nn CTPT ca M l C7H8O5. C:
nM = 17,2: 172 = 0,1 mol;
nNaOH = 8: 40 = 0,2 mol
=>
nNaOH/ nM = 2. Vy CTCT ca M l HOOC-C C-COO-C3H6-OH (3 ng phn)
HOOC-C C-COO-C3H6-OH + 2 NaOH NaOOC-C C-COONa + C3H6(OH)2 + H2O
CTCT ca B1: HOOC-C C-COOH.

1/4

1/4

1/4

1/4

2/4

2/4
2/4
2/4

H Ni, ngy 11 thng 6 nm


2011
TRNG TIU BAN CHM THI
MN HA HC

KT. HIU TRNG


PH HIU TRNG
CH TCH HI NG TUYN SINH

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