1-2

Textbook 1.1

1.1 DEFINITION OF SURVEYING

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Definition of Surveying

Survey Surveying Surveying Engineering

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Surveyors

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Textbook 1.2

1.2 GEOMATICS

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Geomatics

Geomatics or Geomatics Engineering Geoinformatics

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Geomatics Engineers

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Technologies of Geomatics

Surveying Cadastral Surveying Geodesy Global Positioning System (GPS) Navigation Photogrammetry Remote Sensing (RS) Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) Mapping or Cartography Geographic Information System (GIS)

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3S Technologies
GPS Remote Sensing

Photogrammetry GIS

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Textbook 1.3

1.3 HISTORY OF SURVEYING

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Ancient Egypt

History of Sesostris (about 1400B.C.), a legendary king (pharaoh) of ancient Egypt

Recorded by Herodotus who was a Greek historian lived in the 5th century BC and is regarded as the Father of History in Western culture.

Surveyors were called ropestretchers at the time

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Greek and Egyptian Civilization

A dioptra, invented by Heron, is a classical astronomical and surveying instrument, dating from the 3rd century BC

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Roman Era

A surveying note written by Frontinus recorded some ingenious surveying instruments including the Groma

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Spherical Earth ()

Early Greek philosophers including Pythagoras (6th century BC) alluded to a theory of spherical Earth Aristotle provided physical and observational arguments supporting the idea of a spherical Earth

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Determining the Earths Circumference

Eratosthenes of Syene (Aswan), Egyptian, (276BC-195BC)

Alexandria

800 km Aswan

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Heliocentrism vs. Geocentrism

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)

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Support to Heliocentrism

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

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Gauss was also a Surveyor

Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855)

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Distance Measurement Instrument

Electronic Distance Meter (EDM) Laser EDM

Total Station Instrument

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Height and Leveling Instrument

Altimeters Automatic level

Digital level Dumpy levels

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Direction and Angle Measurement

Sextant Theodolite

Transit Compass

Dioptra Total Station

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Textbook 1.4

1.4 GEODETIC AND PLANE SURVEYS

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Plane Surveying

the Cartesian coordinate system

H N
H-coordinate E-coordinate N-coordinate

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Geodetic Surveying

Geodesy

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Consider the Differences

Plane Survey Distance Direction & Angle Height & Elevation Vertical Line Area Straight Line Euclidean geometry Vertical Distance Perpendicular to the Plane Plane Area Geodetic Survey Geodesic Spherical trigonometry Geometric Height & Geopotential Height Plumb Line Spherical Area

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Textbook 1.5

1.5 IMPORTANCE OF SURVEYING

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Fields and Job Opportunities

Nature Article

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Textbook 1.6

1.6 SPECIALIZED TYPES OF SURVEYS

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Specialized Types of Surveys

Control surveys Topographic surveys Land, boundary, and cadastral surveys Hydrographic surveys Route surveys Construction surveys As-built surveys

Mine surveys Solar surveys Optical tooling or industrial surveys Ground, aerial, and satellite surveys

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Textbook 1.7

1.7 SURVEYING SAFETY

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Safety of Field Work

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Textbook 1.9

1.8 NATIONAL SURVEYING AGENCIES

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National Surveying Agencies

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US Surveying and Mapping Agencies

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Textbook 1.10~1.11

1.9 THE SURVEYING PROFESSION

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Schools

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Professional Surveying Organizations

The International Federation of Surveyors (FIG)

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Public Sectors

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Private Sectors

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The Surveying Professional Unions