Thuviendientu.

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HA NNG CAO NHM ST Cho Cu = 65, Al = 27, Fe = 56, Na=23, K=39, Cl=35,5, N=14, H =1, Cu 1: Cho t t dung dch Ba(OH)2 vo dung dch Al2(SO4)3 , ta thy. A. Xut hin kt ta trng tng dn ri khng thay i B. u tin xut hin kt ta trng sau tan dn v dung dch trong sut tr li C. Xut hin kt ta trng tng dn ri tan i mt phn D. Khng thy hin tng g Cu 2: Cho 7,8g kim loi K vo 600ml dung dch AlCl3 0,1M sau khi phn ng xy ra thu c dung dch A v cht rn Y. Lc ly cht rn sy kh em nung n khi lng khng i thu mg cht rn na. Gi tr m l: A. 5,1g B. 5,4g. C. 2,04g. D. 1,02g. Cu 3: Cho 4,005g AlCl3 vo 1lt dd NaOH 0,11M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra xong khi lng kt ta l: A. 1,56g B. 2,34g C. 0,78g D. 1,65g. Cu 4: Phn ng no sau ay khng ng? A. 2FeCl2 + Cl2 2FeCl3 B. 2FeCl3 + Fe 3FeCl2 o o C. 2Fe + Al2O3 t Fe2O3 + 2Al D. 2Al + Cr2O3 t Al2O3 + 2Cr Cu 5: Cho ming Al d vo dung dch NaOH, phn ng xy ra cht ng vai tr cht kh l: : A. Al B. NaOH C. H2O D. Al v H2O Cu 6: Cho 1,75 gam hn hp kim lai Fe, Al, Zn tan han ton trong dung dch HCl, thu c 1,12 lt kh H2 (ktc). C cn dung dch khi lng mui khan thu c l: A.5 g. B.5,3 g. C.5,2 g. D.5,5 g. Cu 7: Ha tan han ton 2,7gam kim lai vo dd HCl(d) , thu c 3,36lt kh ktc. Kim lai l: A. Mg B. Zn C. Al D. Fe Cu 8: Cho kh CO (d) i vo ng s nung nng ng hn hp X gm Al2O3, MgO, Fe3O4, CuO phn ng xy ra han ton thu c cht rn Y. Cho Y vo dd NaOH (d), khuy k, thy cn li phn khng tan Z. Z gm: A. MgO, Fe, Cu. B. Mg, Fe, Cu. C. MgO, Fe3O4, Cu. D. Mg, Al, Fe, Cu. Cu 9: Trong cng nghip, ngi ta iu ch Al bng cch no di y. A. in phn hn hp nng chy ca Al2O3 v criolit B. in phn nng chy AlCl3 C. Dng cht kh CO, H2,Al2O3 ... kh D. Dng kim loi mnh kh Al ra khi mui Cu 10: Hin tng no quan st c khi cho t t dd HCl vo dung dch NaAlO2? A. Xut hin kt ta keo trng. B. Xut hin kt ta keo trng v c kh thot ra. C. Xut hin kt ta keo trng sau kt ta tan mt phn. D. Xut hin kt ta keo trng sau kt ta tan ra. Cu 11: Cht no sau y khng tan trong dung dch NaOH? A. Fe2O3 B. Na C. Al2O3 D. K2O Cu 12: Khi in phn Al2O3 nng chy ngi ta thm Crylit Na3AlF6 vi mc ch: 1. Lm h nhit nng chy ca Al2O3 2. Lm cho tnh dn in cao hn 3. thu c F2 Anot thay v l O2 4. To hn hp nh hn Al bo v Al Cc l do nu ng l: A. Ch c 1 B. Ch c 1 v 2 C. Ch c 1 v 3 D. Ch c 1,2 v 4 Cu 13: in phn Al2O3 nng chy vi cng I = 9,65A trong thi gian 30.000s thu c 21,6g Al. Hiu sut ca phn ng in phn l: A. 100% B. 80% C. 85% D. 90% Cu 14: Cho hn hp gm Fe, Cu vo dd AgNO3 ly d th sau khi kt thc phn ng dd thu c gm : A : Fe(NO3)2 v Cu(NO3)2 B : Fe(NO3)2 , Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 C : Fe(NO3)3 , Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 D : Fe(NO3)3 , Cu(NO3)2 , AgNO3 v Ag Cu 15: Ha tan 0,405 g Al trong lng d dd HNO3 long thu c V lt NO duy nht (ktc). V bng: Convert by TVDT 1

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A. 0,224 lt. B. 0,336 lt. C. 0,448 lt. D. 2,24 lt. Cu 16: Ha tan 3,57g nhm oxit va ht vo 100ml dung dch NaOH a M. Gi tr a l: A. 0,35M B. 0,7M C. 1,05M D. 0,175M Cu 17: Cho mg hn hp bt Al v Fe tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thy thot ra 6,72 lt kh (ktc). Nu cho mg hn hp tc dng vi dd HCl th thot ra 8,96 lt kh (ktc). Khi lng ca Al v Fe l: A. 10,8g, 5,6g. B. 5,4g v 5,6g. C. 5,4g v 8,4g. D. 5,4g v 2,8g. Cu 18: Hp cht no sau y lng tnh? A. AlCl3 B. AlCl3 C. Na2SO4 D. Al(OH)3 Cu 19: Cho hn hp 2 kim lai Al, Fe vo dung dch gm Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 .Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra han ton th thu c 3 kim lai. Hi cc kim lai l 3 kim lai no? A. Al, Cu, Ag B. Al, Fe, Ag C. Fe, Cu, Ag D. B, C u ng Cu 20: Sau khi phn ng: Al + HNO3--- > Al(NO3)3 + N2O + H2O th tng cc h s c cn bng l: A. 30. B. 64. C. 18. D. 20. Cu 21: Thm dd NaOH va vo dd cha 0,3 mol Al(NO3)3. Lc kt ta em dung n khi lng khng i th thu c khi lng cht rn l bao nhiu? A. 15,3g. B. 10,2g. C. 7,8g. D. 30,6g. Cu 22: Trng hp no sau y to ra kt ta sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton? A. Thm d NaOH vo dd AlCl3. B. Thm d AlCl3 vo dung dch NaOH. C. Thm d HCl vo ddNaAlO2 D. Thm d CO2 vo dung dch NaOH. Cu 23: Ch dng mt thuc th no c th nhn bit c cc cht rn sau: K, Al2O3, MgO, Na2O, Al? A. nc. B. dd NaOH C. dd H2SO4 D. Ba(OH)2. Cu 24: Cho t t tng lng nh Na vo dd Al2(SO4)3 n d th hin tng quan st c l g? A. Na tan, c bt kh xut hin trong dung dch. B. Na tan, c kim lai Al bm trn b mt Na. C. Na tan, c bt kh thot ra v c kt ta dng keo mu trng, sau kt ta vn khng tan. D. Na tan, c bt kh thot ra v c kt ta dng keo mu trng, sau kt ta tan dn. Cu 25: Phn ng no sau y l phn ng nhit nhm? o o A. 2Al + 3O2 t 2Al2O3 B. Al + 6HNO3 t Al(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O to to C. 2Fe + Al2O3 2Al + Fe2O3 D. 2Al + Fe2O3 Al2O3 + 2Fe Cu 26: Ha tan Al trong dd HNO3d thu c 0,03mol NO2 v 0,02 mol NO. Khi lng Al l: A. 0,27g. D. 0,54g. C. 0,81g. D. 1,08g. Cu 27: Dung dch no sau y khng lm qu tm ha ? A. HCl B. FeCl3 C. AlCl3 D. Al2O3 Cu 28: Cc kim lai no sau y tan ht trong dung dch H2SO4 long? A. Al, Fe. B. Fe, Cu. C. Al, Cu. D. Cu, Ag. Cu 29: Nhm hydroxyt thu c t cch lm no sau y? A. Cho t t dung dch HCl vo dd natrialuminat. C. Cho Al2O3 tc dng vi nc. B. Cho d dung dch NaOH vo dd AlCl3. D. Thi kh CO2 vo dd natri aluminat Cu 30: Cng thc ca phn chua l: A. (NH4)2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O. B. (NH4)2SO4.Fe2(SO4)3.24H2O C. Na2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O D. K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O Cu 31: Dng mg Al kh ht 1,6g Fe2O3. Sn phm sau phn ng tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH to 0,672 lt kh (ktc). Gi tr m bng: A. 0,54g. B. 0,81g. C. 1,08g. D. 1,755g. Cu 32: Ha tan 5,4g Al vo 100ml dd KOH 0,1M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra han ton th tch H2 (ktc) l: A. 4,48 lt. B. 0,448 lt C. 0,672 lt. D. 0,336 lt.

Convert by TVDT

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Cu 33:Trn 0,81 gam bt nhm Al vi bt Fe2O3 v CuO ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm mt thi gian, thu c hn hp A. Ha tan hon ton A trong dung dch HNO3 un nng thu c V lt NO (sn phm kh duy nht) ktc. Gi tr V l. A. 0,224 lt B. 0,672 lt C. 2,240 lt D. 6,720 lt Cu 34:. t chy hon ton m g bt nhm trong lng S d, ri ha tan ht sn phm thu c vo nc th thot ra 6,72 lt kh H2(ktc). M l: A. 2,7g. B. 4,05g. C. 5,4g. D. 8,1g. Cu 35:. Ha tan ht mg hn hp Al v Fe trong lng d dung dch H2SO4 long thy thot ra 0,4 mol kh cn trong lng d dung dch NaOH th thu c 0,3 mol kh. M bng: A. 11g. B. 12,28g. C. 13,7g. D. 19,5g. Cu 36: Dng mg Al kh ht 1,6g Fe2O3. Sn phm sau phn ng tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH to 0,672 lt kh (ktc). M bng: A. 0,54g. B. 0,81g. C. 1,08g. D. 1,755g. Cu 37:Trng hp no sau y to ra kt ta sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton? A. Thm d NaOH vo dd AlCl3. B. Thm d AlCl3 vo dung dch NaOH. C. Thm d HCl vo ddNaAlO2 D. Thm d CO2vo dung dch NaOH. Cu 38:. Thm NaOH vo dung dch hn hp cha 0,01mol HCl v 0,01 mol AlCl3. Kt ta thu c l ln nht v nh nht ng vi s mom NaOH ln lt bng bao nhiu? A. 0,01mol v 0,02mol. B. 0,02mol v 0,03mol. C. 0,03mol v 0,04mol D. 0,04 mol v 0,05mol. Cu 39: Cho t t dd NH3 n d vo dd AlCl3 th c hin tng no sau y. A. Xut hin kt ta v kt ta tan ngay. B. Xut hin kt ta keo, kt ta tng n cc i ri tan dn ht. C. Xut hin kt ta v c kh mi khai thot ra. D. Xut hin kt ta v c kh khng mi thot ra. Cu 41:Cho t t dd NaOH n d vo dd AlCl3 th c hin tng no sau y. A. Xut hin kt ta v kt ta tan ngay. B. Xut hin kt ta v kt ta khng tan khi cho NaOH n d. C. Xut hin kt ta v c kh mu vng lc thot ra lm mt mu qu tm m. D. Xut hin kt ta keo, kt ta tng n cc i ri tan dn ht. Cu 42; Cho hn hp Al v Fe tc dng vi hn hp dd cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 thu c dd B v cht rn D gm 3 kim loi. Cho D tc dng vi dd HCl d c kh bay ra. Thnh phn cht D l. A. Al, Fe v Cu B. Fe, Cu v Ag C. Al, Cu v Ag D. Kt qu khc. Cu 43: Mt hn hp gm Na, Al c t l s mol l 1: 2. Cho hn hp ny vo nc. Sau khi kt thc phn ng thu c 8,96 lt H2(ktc) v cht rn. khi lng cht rn c gi tr no sau y. A. 5,6g B. 5,5g C. 5,4g D. 10,8g Cu 44:Cho mg hn hp bt Al v Fe tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thy thot ra 6,72 lt kh (ktc). Nu cho mg hn hp tc dng vi dd HCl th thot ra 8,96 lt kh (ktc). Khi lng ca Al v Fe l: A. 10,8g, 5,6g. B. 5,4g v 5,6g. C. 5,4g v 8,4g. D. 5,4g v 2,8g. Cu 45: Ha tan Fe trong HNO3 d thy sinh ra hn hp kh cha 0,03 mol NO2 v 0,02 mol NO. khi lng Fe l: A. 0,56g. D. 1,12g. C. 1,68g. D. 2,24g. Cu 46: Thm dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch cha 0,015 mol FeCl2 trong khng kh. Khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton th thy khi lng kt ta thu c bng: A. 1,095g. B. 1,35g. C. 1,605g. D. 13,05g. Cu 47: Ha tan 2,16g FeO trong lng d dd HNO3long thu c V lt NO duy nht (ktc). V bng: A. 0,224 lt. B. 0,336 lt. C. 0,448 lt. D. 2,24 lt. Cu 48: Thm dd NaOH d vo dd cha 0,3 mol Fe(NO3)3. Lc kt ta em dung n khi lng khng i th thu c khi lng cht rn l bao nhiu? Convert by TVDT 3

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A. 24g. B. 32,1g. C. 48g. D. 96g. Cu 49: Dung dch cha 3,25g mui clorua ca mt kim loi cha bit phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3d tch ra 8,61g kt ta trng. Cng thc mui l: A. MgCl2. B. FeCl2. C. CuCl2. D. FeCl3. Cu 50: Mt dung dch c ha tan 16,8g NaOH tc dng vi dung dch c ha tan 8g Fe2(SO4)3, sau li them vo dung dch trn 13,68g Al2 (SO4)3. Sau cc phn ng lc dd thu c kt ta, em nung n khi lng khng i cn li cht rn X. Khi lng cht rn X l: A. 6,4g Fe2O3 v 2,04g Al2O3. B. 2,88g FeO v 2,04g Al2O3 . C. 3,2g Fe2O3v 1,02g Al2O3 . D. 1,44g FeO v 1,02g Al2O3 Cu 52: Ha tan hon ton 9,8g mt kim loi M ha tr III vo dung dch HNO3 long, thu c 7840 ml kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh(ktc). M l: A. Al= 27 B. Cr = 52 C. Fe = 56. D. Co = 59. Cu 53: Cho 12,35ghn hp gm Al, Fe tc dng vi H2SO4 c nng thu c 11,76lt kh (ktc). Khi lng Al, Fe ln lt l: A. 13,5g; 11,2g. B. 11,2g; 8,1g C. 8,1g; 11,2g D. 6,75g, 5,6g. Cu 54: Cho mg hn hp gm Al, Cu tc dng va vi 300ml dung dch H2SO4long0,5M. Cng cho mg hn hp trn tc dng vi dung dch axit nitric c nng th thu c 8,96lit kh NO2(ktc). Gi tr m l: A. 5,9g B. 9,5g. C. 5,8g. D. 8,5g. Cu 55: Cho 7,8g kim loi Na vo 600ml dung dch AlCl3 0,1M sau khi phn ng xy ra thu c dung dch A v cht rn Y. Lc ly cht rn sy kh em nung n khi lng khng i thu mg cht rn na. Gi tr m l: A. 5,1g B. 5,4g. C. 2,04g. D. 1,02g. Cu 56: Cho 15g hn hp gm Zn, Fe tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 c ngui, sau phn ng thu c 5,6 lt kh mu nu (ktc). Khi lng st trong hn hp l: A. 6,875g., B. 5,25g. C. 7,685g. D. 25,5g. Cu 57: Cho mg hn hp Al v Fe phn ng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 long thu c 6,72 lt kh NO duy nht(ktc). Mt khc cng cho mg hm hp trn cho phn ng vi dung dch HCl thu c 8,4 lt kh(ktc). Gi tr m l: A. 8,3g. B. 4,15g. C. 12,45g. D. 5,14g. Cu 58:Cho mg hn hp gm Fe, Zn, Cu tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 long thu c 6,72 lt kh (ktc)v 12,8g cht rn. Mt khc cng ly mg hn hp ni trn cho tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 c ngui thu c 6720ml kh (ktc). A.15,25g B.12,55g C. 30,5g D. 50,3g. Cu 59: Mt hc sinh trn 1,35g nhm vi 0,8g Fe2O3, sau phn ng thu c mg cht rn.Th tch dung dch NaOH 0,25M ha tan ht lng cht rn trn l: A. 0,2 lt.. B. 0,3 lt. C. 0,4 lt. D. 0,8 lt Cu 60:Cho kh H2 kh hon ton qung 16g hematit, lng st thu c cho tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 long th thy c 3,36 lt kh H2(ktc). % ca oxit st trong qung l: A. 65% B. 85% C. 55%. D. 75%. Cu 61:Cho 9,75g mt kim loi ha tr II tc dng va vi dung dch axit sunfuric long thu c 24,15g mui sunfat. Kim loi l: A. Mg. B. Zn. C. Fe. D. Ca. Cu 62:Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng: Na NaOH Al(OH)3 NaAlO2 Al(OH)3 Al2(SO4)3 Al(OH)3 Al2O3 Al Fe FeCl3. Cu 63: Cho 100 ml H2SO4 1,1M tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c dung dch A .Thm vo dung dch A 1,35g Al. Th tch kh gii phng l: A. 1,12 lit B. 1,68 lit C. 1,344 lit D. 2,24 lit Cu 65: :Mt hn hp A gm Al v Fe c chia 2 phn bng nhau Phn I cho tc dng vi HCl d thu c 44,8 lit kh (ktc) Phn II cho tc dng vi NaOH d thu c 33,6 lit kh (ktc) Convert by TVDT 4

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Khi lng Al v Fe c trong hn hp l: A. 27g Al v 28g Fe B. 54g Al v 56g Fe C. 13,5g Al v 14g Fe D. 54g Al v 28g Fe Cu 66: Mt nguyn t X thuc 4 chu k u ca bng HTTH,mt d dng 3 electron to ra ion M3+ c cu hnh kh him .Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X l: A. 1s22s22p1 B. 1s22s22p63s23p1 C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s2 D. 1s22s22p63s23p3 Cu 67: Khi ho tan AlCl3 vo nc ,hin tng xy ra l: A. Dung dch vn trong sut B. C kt ta C. C kt ta ng thi c gii phng kh D. C kt ta sau kt ta tan Cu 68: Ch dng 1 cht phn bit 3 kim loi sau: Al , Ba , Mg A. Dung dch HCl B. Nc C. Dung dch NaOH D. Dung dch H2SO4 Cu 69: Cho cc pht biu sau v phn ng nhit nhm: A. Nhm ch c th kh cc oxit kim loi ng sau H trong dy in ho B. Nhm ch c th kh cc oxit kim loi ng sau Al trong dy in ho C. Nhm ch c th kh cc oxit kim loi ng trc v ng sau Al trong dy in ho vi iu kin kim loi d bay hi D. Nhm kh tt c cc oxit kim loi Cu 70: Ho tan 0,54g mt kim loi M c ho tr khng i trong 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,4M . trung ho lng axit d cn 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M . Ho tr n va kim loi M l: A. n = 2 ,kim loi Zn B. n = 2, kim loi Mg C. n = 1, kim loi K D. n = 3, kim loi Al Cu 71: in phn Al2O3 nng chy vi cng I = 9,65A trong thi gian 30.000s thu c 22,95g Al .Hiu sut ca phn ng in phn l: A. 100% B. 85% C. 80% D. 90% Cu 72: Dy gm cc kim loi c iu ch trong cng nghip bng phng php in phn hp cht nng chy ca chng, l: A. Na, Ca, Al. B. Na, Ca, Zn. C. Na, Cu, Al. D. Fe, Ca, Al. Cu 73: C 4 dung dch mui ring bit: CuCl2, ZnCl2, FeCl3, AlCl3. Nu thm dung dch KOH (d) ri thm tip dung dch NH3 (d) vo 4 dung dch trn th s cht kt ta thu c l A. 4. B. 1. C. 3. D. 2. Cu 74: C 4 dung dch mui ring bit: CuCl2, ZnCl2, FeCl3, AlCl3. Nu thm dung dch KOH (d) ri thm tip dung dch NH3 (d) vo 4 dung dch trn th s cht kt ta thu c l A. 4. B. 1. C. 3. D. 2 Cu 75: Cho kh CO (d) i vo ng s nung nng ng hn hp X gm Al2O3, MgO, Fe3O4, CuO thu c cht rn Y. Cho Y vo dung dch NaOH (d), khuy k, thy cn li phn khng tan Z. Gi s cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Phn khng tan Z gm A. MgO, Fe, Cu. B. Mg, Fe, Cu. C. MgO, Fe3O4, Cu. D. Mg, Al, Fe, Cu. Cu 76: thu c Al2O3 t hn hp Al2O3 v Fe2O3, ngi ta ln lt: A. dng kh H2 nhit cao, dung dch NaOH (d). B. dng kh CO nhit cao, dung dch HCl (d). C. dng dung dch NaOH (d), dung dch HCl (d), ri nung nng. D. dng dung dch NaOH (d), kh CO2 (d), ri nung nng Cu 77: Chia m gam Al thnh hai phn bng nhau: - Phn mt tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH, sinh ra x mol kh H2; - Phn hai tc dng vi lng d dung dch HNO3 long, sinh ra y mol kh N2O (sn phm kh duy nht). Quan h gia x v y l A. x = 2y. B. y = 2x. C. x = 4y. D. x = y.

Convert by TVDT

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tc phn ng v cn bng ho hc A. Tm tt l thuyt I - Tc phn ng ho hc 1) Khi nim v tc phn ng ho hc - Tc phn ng l bin thin nng ca mt cht trong cc phn ng hoc sn phm trong mt n v thi gian. Trong theo quy -c : nng theo mol/lt, thi gian c th l giy (s), pht (ph), gi (h)

Tc phn ng -c xc nh bng thc nghim.

- Tc trung bnh ca phn ng ho hc l tc bin thin trung bnh nng ca mt cht trong khong thi gian t t1 n t2. Th d : Xt phn ng aA bB Nu tnh tc phn ng theo cht A : thi im t1 cht A c nng C1 mol/lt, thi im t2 cht A c C 2 C1 C V nng C2 mol/lt. Tc trung bnh ca phn ng l : t 2 t1 t Cn nu tnh tc phn ng theo cht B : thi im t1 cht B c nng C1 mol/lt, thi im t2 cht B C 2 ' C1 ' C' V c nng C2 mol/lt. Tc trung bnh ca phn ng l : t 2 t1 t tc phn ng l n gi tr ng-i ta s dng biu thc : 1 C 2 C1 1 C 1 C 2 ' C 1 ' 1 C' V . . . . a t 2 t1 a t b t 2 t1 b t 2) Cc yu t nh h-ng n tc phn ng - nh h-ng ca nng : Khi tng nng ca cht phn ng th tc phn ng tng. V khi nng tng dn n mt cc cht phn ng tng nn tn s va chm tng v s va chm hiu qu tng. - nh h-ng ca p sut : i vi cc phn ng ho hc c cht kh tham gia th khi tng p sut th tc phn ng tng. Khi p sut tng, mt cc cht kh tng, dn n tng s va chm gia cc cht v tng s va chm hiu qu. - nh h-ng ca nhit : Khi tng nhit th tc phn ng tng v tc chuyn ng ca cc phn t tng dn n tng tn s va chm gia cc cht phn ng v tn s va chm c hiu qu gia cc cht phn ng tng nhanh. - nh h-ng ca din tch b mt : i vi cc phn ng ho hc c cht rn tham gia th khi tng din tch b mt, tc phn ng tng, do din tch b mt cht rn tng nn s ln va chm ca cc cht khc ln phn t cht rn tng. - nh h-ng ca cht xc tc : Cht xc tc lm tng tc phn ng, nh-ng khng b tiu hao trong qu trnh phn ng. - nh h-ng ca cht c ch phn ng : Cht c ch phn ng l cht lm gim tc phn ng, nh-ng khng b tiu hao trong qu trnh phn ng. - nh h-ng ca cc yu t khc : Mi tr-ng phn ng, tc khuy trn

II - Cn bng ho hc 1) Phn ng mt chiu, phn ng thun nghch v cn bng ho hc

a) Phn ng mt chiu : L phn ng trong cc sn phm phn ng khng tc dng -c vi nhau to

ra cc cht tham gia phn ng. Convert by TVDT 6

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biu din ph-ng trnh ho hc ca phn ng mt chiu, ng-i ta dng mt mi tn ch h-ng ca phn ng.
t 2KMnO4 K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 O2 to ra khng tc dng -c vi K2MnO4 v MnO2 to thnh KMnO4.

Th d :

b) Phn ng thun nghch : Phn ng thun nghch l phn ng trong cc sn phm phn ng tc dng
-c vi nhau to ra cc cht tham gia phn ng. biu din ph-ng trnh ho hc ca phn ng thun nghch, ng-i ta dng hai mi tn ng-c chiu nhau. Chiu mi tn t tri sang phi ch phn ng thun, mi tn ch t phi sang tri ch chiu ca phn ng nghch. Th d : H2 + I2 2HI HI -c to thnh ng thi b phn hu sinh ra H2 v I2 l cc cht tham gia phn ng.

c) Cn bng ho hc : L trng thi ca phn ng thun nghch khi tc phn ng thun bng tc ca
phn ng nghch. 2) Hng s cn bng

a) Cn bng trong h ng th
- H ng th l h khng c b mt phn chia trong h. Th d : h gm cc cht kh hay h cha cc cht tan trong dung dch. Xt phn ng thun nghch trong h ng th : aA + bB cC + dD Trong A, B, C, D l nhng cht kh hay nhng cht tan trong mt dung dch. Khi phn ng trng thi cn bng ta c : [ C] c [ D ] d KC = [A]a [B] b KC l hng s cn bng nng ca phn ng, ch ph thuc vo nhit , khng ph thuc vo nng cc cht ban u. Ch : Gi tr ca hng s KC ph thuc vo cch vit ph-ng trnh ho hc. Th d : Xt phn ng ho hc : H2(k) + I2(k) 2HI(k) KC 1 1 H2(k) + I2(k) HI(k) K C 2 2 [HI] [HI]2 KC = ; K C = ; KC = (KC)2 1 1 [H 2 ].[ I 2 ] [H 2 ] 2 .[ I 2 ] 2

b) Cc yu t nh h-ng n cn bng ho hc
S chuyn dch cn bng ho hc l s di chuyn t trng thi cn bng ny sang trng thi cn bng khc do tc ng ca cc yu t t bn ngoi ln cn bng. - nh h-ng ca nng : Khi tng hoc gim nng ca mt cht trong cn bng th cn bng bao gi cng chuyn dch theo chiu lm gim tc dng ca vic tng hoc gim nng ca cht . Cn l-u rng vic tng hay gim l-ng cht rn trong h cn bng d th (c cht rn tham gia) th khng nh h-ng ti cn bng. - nh h-ng ca p sut : Khi tng hoc gim p sut chung ca h cn bng th cn bng bao gi cng chuyn dch theo chiu lm gim tc dng ca vic tng hoc gim p sut . Cn l-u rng vic tng hay gim p sut trong h cn bng c tng h s t l-ng cc cht kh hai v ca ph-ng trnh ho hc bng nhau th khng nh h-ng ti cn bng.

Convert by TVDT

Thuviendientu.org
- nh h-ng ca nhit : Khi tng nhit th cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu phn ng thu nhit, ngha l lm gim tc dng ca vic tng nhit . Cn khi gim nhit th cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu phn ng to nhit, ngha l lm gim tc dng ca vic gim nhit . - nh h-ng ca cht xc tc : Cht xc tc khng nh h-ng n cn bng v khng lm thay i nng , p sut v hng s cn bng. Nh-ng cht xc tc lm tng tc phn ng c thun v nghch nn h nhanh chng t n cn bng. Th d : Xt cn bng C(r) + CO2 (k) 2CO2 (k) ( H > 0) : l phn ng thu nhit + Khi ta tng nng CO trong h th cn bng chuyn dch sang phi lm gim nng CO trong h. Hoc khi gim nng CO2 cn bng cng chuyn dch sang phi tng nng CO2 trong h m bo cho [CO 2 ]2 KC = = hng s. [CO] Cn khi thm hay bt C th cn bng khng thay i v l-ng C khng c mt trong biu thc hng s cn bng. + Khi ta tng p sut ca h th cn bng chuyn dch sang tri lm gim p sut ca h. + Khi tng nhit , cn bng chuyn dch sang phi tng nng CO2. Nguyn l chuyn dch cn bng (Nguyn l L Sa-t-li-) : Mt phn ng thun nghch ang trng thi cn bng, khi chu mt tc ng bn ngoi nh- bin i nng , p sut, nhit s chuyn dch cn bng theo chiu lm gim tc ng bn ngoi . B. Phn bi tp I. B GD & T 7.1 Chn cu ng trong cc cu sau : A. Tc phn ng l bin thin s mol ca mt cht trong cc cht phn ng hoc sn phm trong mt n v thi gian. B. Tc phn ng l bin thin nng ca mt trong cc cht phn ng hoc sn phm trong mt n v thi gian. C. Tc phn ng l bin thin nng ca cc cht trong cc cht phn ng hoc sn phm trong mt n v thi gian. D. Tc phn ng l bin thin s mol ca cc cht trong cc cht phn ng hoc sn phm trong mt n v thi gian. 7.2 Chn ph-ng n m t y nht cc yu t nh h-ng n tc phn ng. A. Nng , nhit , cht xc tc, p sut. B. Nng , nhit , cht xc tc. C. Nng , nhit , cht xc tc, p sut, tc khuy trn, khi l-ng cht rn. D. Nng , nhit , cht xc tc, p sut, tc khuy trn, din tch b mt cht rn. 7.3 Cho phn ng ha hc sau : 2HI H2 + I2 (1) Kt lun no sau y l ng i vi phn ng ha hc (1) : A. Tc phn ng t tri sang phi tng khi thm HI vo trong bnh phn ng. B. Tc phn ng t tri sang phi tng khi tng p sut chung ca h. C. Tc phn ng t tri sang phi khng thay i khi thm hay bt HI vo trong bnh phn ng. D. C A v B. 7.4 Cho phn ng ha hc sau : A(r) + B(r) C (r) + D (r) Kt lun no sau y l ng i vi phn ng ha hc (1) ? Convert by TVDT 8 (1)

Thuviendientu.org
A. Tc phn ng tng khi thm l-ng A, B vo trong bnh phn ng. B. Tc phn ng gim khi tng thm l-ng cht C, D vo trong bnh phn ng. C. Tc phn ng tng khi tng p sut chung ca h. D. C A, B, C u ng. P, xc tc 7.5 Phn ng tng hp amoniac 2N2(k) + 3H2(k) 2NH3(k) c ng dng quan trng trong cng nghip ho cht. T amoniac, ng-i ta sn xut phn m, axit nitric, thuc n Hi tc ca phn ng tng hp amoniac s tng bao nhiu ln nu tng nng hiro ln 2 ln khi nhit ca phn ng -c gi nguyn ? A. 2 ln. B. 4 ln. C. 8 ln. D. 16 ln. 7.6 Gii thch ti sao nhit ca ngn la axetilen chy trong oxi cao hn nhiu so vi chy trong khng kh. 7.7 Khi tip thm ci vo bp la cho la mnh hn, ta nn chn ph-ng n no sau y ? A. B mt thanh ci to vo bp. B. Ch mng thanh ci ra ri cho vo bp. Hy chn mt trong hai ph-ng n trn v gii thch cho s la chn . T , c th kt lun tc phn ng ph thuc yu t no ? 7.8 V sao nguyn liu cho nung vi l vi v than li phi p n mt kch c thch hp, khng to qu hoc nh qu. 7.9 a) V sao nung gch, ngi ng-i ta th-ng xp gch, ngi mc xen ln vi cc bnh than? b) Khi thot ra t l nung gch c lm nhim mi tr-ng khng ? V sao ? 7.10 V sao trong cc vin than t ong, ng-i ta to ra cc hng l rng ? Gii thch v sao khi nhm l than ng-i ta phi qut gi vo l bng qut tay hoc qut my, cn khi bp than, ng-i ta y np l than. 7.11 Cho phn ng: A(k) + B(k) C(k) . Tc phn ng -c tnh theo ph-ng trnh : V = k.[A].[B]. Gi nng cc cht khng i trong cc th nghim sau: - Thc hin phn ng trn 398oC th phn ng s kt thc trong 1 pht 36 giy. - Thc hin phn ng trn 448OC th phn ng s kt thc trong 0 pht 3 giy. a) Nu tng nhit ca phn ng ln 10 C th tc phn ng tng ln bao nhiu ln ? Bit rng k T2
0

k T2 .

T2 T1 10

( gi l h s nhit

ca phn ng hay s ln tc phn ng tng khi tng nhit thm 10 ). b) Nu thc hin phn ng trn 378oC th tc phn ng s tng bao nhiu ln so vi phn ng 398oC v s kt thc trong thi gian bao lu ? 7.12 Ng-i ta tin hnh xc nh tc phn ng T(K) ca phn ng : 2NO + 2H2 N2 + 2H2O Thu -c cc s liu th nghim nh- sau.

Th nghim

Nng u ca NO (mol/lt)

Nng u ca H2 (mol/lt)

Tc u ca phn ng (mol.lit-1.s-1)

1 0,50 1,00 0,050 2 1,00 1,00 0,200 3 1,00 2,00 V 4 1,25 A 0,125 Xc nh hng s tc ca phn ng (lit2.mol-2.s) v vit biu thc tnh tc phn ng trn theo thc nghim T(K). Tc phn ng trn tnh theo biu thc : V = k.[NO]a.[H2]b Tnh cc gi tr a v V. 7.13 Cho phn ng phn hu kh A sau : Convert by TVDT A(k) 2B(k) + C(k) 9

Thuviendientu.org
Xut pht t kh A nguyn cht, trong bnh kn v gi nhit khng i trong th nghim. Sau thi gian 10 pht, p sut trong bnh l 176mmHg v sau thi gian rt di (phn ng hon ton) th p sut trong bnh l 270mmHg. a) Tnh p sut ban u ca kh A. b) Tnh p sut ring phn ca A sau 10 pht. 7.14 Kh N2O4 km bn, b phn li theo ph-ng trnh ho hc sau : N2O4 2NO2 (1) Bit rng, ti thi im cn bng tng nng ca cc cht trong h l 0,001M. Khi kho st cc nhit khc nhau, kt qu thc nghim nh- sau : Nhit (0C) 35 45 Khi l-ng mol phn t trung bnh ca hn hp (g) 72,45 66,80 a) Hy xc nh phn li ca N2O4 v tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng (1) cc nhit trn. b) Phn ng trn l ta nhit hay thu nhit. 7.15 Cho 14,224g I2 v 0,112g H2 vo bnh c dung tch 1,12 lit 400oC. Tc u ca phn ng l Vo = 9.105 mol.lit-1.pht-1, sau mt thi gian (thi im t) nng mol [HI] l 0,04mol.lit-1 v khi phn ng H2 + I2 2HI t cn bng th nng [HI] = 0,06mol.lit-1. Bit tc phn ng trn -c tnh theo bit thc : Vthun = kt. C I2 .C H2 ; Vnghch = kn.CHI2. a) Tnh hng s tc ca phn ng thun v phn ng nghch. Vit n v ca cc i l-ng tnh -c. b) Tc to thnh HI ti thi im t l bao nhiu ? 7.16 Xt phn ng : 2A + B C + D. Tc phn ng -c tnh theo biu thc : V = kt. C x .C y , trong kt l hng s tc phn ng theo n A B v (th nguyn) mol-1.lit.s-1. Kt qu mt s th nghim nh- sau: Th Nhit (oC) Nng u Nng u Tc u ca phn nghim ca A (mol/lt) ca B (mol/lt) ng (mol.lit-1.s-1) 1 25 0,25 0,75 4,0.10-4 2 25 0,75 0,75 1,2.10-3 3 55 0,25 1,50 6,4.10-3 Xc nh gi tr x (bc phn ng theo A), y (bc ca phn ng theo B) v hng s tc k ca phn ng 25oC. Tc phn ng tng bao nhiu ln nu tng nhit ca phn ng t 25oC ln 55oC ? 7.17 Luyn gang t qung, ng-i ta s dng phn ng kh st oxit bng cacbon monooxit (CO). Ti sao trong thnh phn ca kh l cao c CO ? A. Do l xy ch-a cao. B. Do thi gian tip xc ca qung st vi CO ch-a . C. Do nhit ca phn ng ho hc ch-a . D. Do phn ng ho hc l thun nghch. 7.18 Trong phn ng oxi ho SO2 thnh SO3 dng trong nh my sn xut axit sunfuric, ng-i ta s dng nhng bin php no sau y c hiu qu kinh t cao nht ? A. Lm lnh hn hp cc cht phn ng cn bng chuyn dch sang chiu thun, v phn ng to nhit. B. Dng cht xc tc V2O5 tng tc phn ng. C. Dng d- oxi cn bng chuyn sang chiu thun v chn nhit thch hp. D. C B, C u ng. 7.19 Hin nay, khi gi nhin liu t du m tng cao (~ 70 USD/thng du th), th vic s dng cc nhin liu thay th l rt cn thit. Trong cng nghip, iu ch kh than -t, mt nhin liu kh, ng-i ta thi hi n-c qua than ang nng . Phn ng ho hc xy ra nh- sau : C (r) + H2O (k) CO(k) + H2 (k) H = 131kJ iu khng nh no sau y l ng ? 10 Convert by TVDT

Thuviendientu.org
A. Tng p sut chung ca h lm cn bng khng thay i. B. Tng nhit ca h lm cn bng chuyn sang chiu thun. C. Dng cht xc tc lm cn bng chuyn sang chiu thun. D. Tng nng hiro lm cn bng chuyn sang chiu thun. 7.20 Hy gii thch rng ng-i ta li dng yu t no tng tc phn ng trong cc tr-ng hp sau : a) Dng khng kh nn, nng thi vo l cao t chy than cc (trong sn xut gang). b) Nung vi nhit cao (~ 900 - 950oC) sn xut vi sng. c) Nghin nguyn liu tr-c khi -a vo l nung sn xut clanhke (trong sn xut xi mng). 7.21 Phn ng ho hc tng hp amoniac : N2 + 3H2 2NH3 vi H < 0 tng hiu sut ca qu trnh tng hp amoniac, ng-i ta tin hnh phn ng 400 5000C, d-i p sut cao (100 150atm) v dng st hot ho xc tc. Hy gii thch. 7.22 Vit ph-ng trnh nhit ho hc ca phn ng phn hu vi, bit rng thu -c 11,2g vi sng ta phi cung cp mt l-ng nhit l 28,92kJ. 7.23 Nu nguyn l L Sa-t-li-. Gii thch cu Cn bng ho hc l cn bng ng. Nu nhng im cn lu khi xt cc yu t nh h-ng n chuyn dch cn bng. 7.24 Phn ng iu ch hiro clorua : H2 + Cl2 2HCl + 184,2kJ. a) lm chuyn dch cn bng theo h-ng to ra nhiu hiro clorua hn, ta nn tc ng vo h nhng yu t no ? Gii thch. b) t chy hon ton clo, ng-i ta th-ng dng d- 10% hiro so vi l-ng cn thit. Vy thu -c 90m3 kh hiro clorua, ng-i ta cn dng bao nhiu m3 hiro v clo? 7.25 Ng-i ta tin hnh phn ng ha este sau nhit thch hp : CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O (1) Nu ban u ly 1mol CH3COOH v 1mol C2H5OH th khi t n cn bng thu -c

2 mol este 3

CH3COOC2H5. a) Ng-i ta c th thu -c bao nhiu mol este ti thi im cn bng nu ban u ly 1mol CH3COOH v 2mol C2H5OH ? b) Cn ly bao nhiu mol CH3COOH cho tc dng vi 1 mol C2H5OH hiu sut to este t 75% ? 7.26 500C, phn li ca kh N2O4 thnh kh NO2 bng 63% khi nng ban u ca N2O l 10-2mol/lt. Xc nh hng s cn bng KC, tnh p sut chung ca h v p sut ring phn ca cc cht ti thi im cn bng nu cho 0,92g N2O4 vo mt bnh kn th tch 2,0 lt khng cha khng kh 50oC. 7.27 1000K, phn ng 2SO2 + O2 2SO3 c hng s cn bng KP =
p2 SO
3

p O2 .p 2 SO 2

= 3,50. Tnh p

sut ring lc cn bng ca SO2 v SO3 nu p sut chung ca h bng 1atm v p sut cn bng ca O2 bng 0,1atm. 7.28 Cn bng ca phn ng NH4HS (r) NH3 (k) + H2S (k) -c thit lp 2000C trong mt th tch V. Phn ng cho l thu nhit. Cho bit p sut ring ca NH3 s thay i th no khi cn bng -c ti lp sau khi : a) Thm NH3 ; b) Thm H2S ; c) Thm NH4HS ; d) Tng nhit ; e) p sut ton phn tng do thm Ar vo h ; f) Th tch bnh tng ti 2V. 7.29 Phn ng C(r) + CO2 (k) Convert by TVDT
p2 2CO (k) xy ra 1090K vi hng s cn bng KP = CO =10. p CO2

11

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a) Tm hm l-ng kh CO trong hn hp cn bng, bit p sut chung ca h l 1,5atm. b) c hm l-ng CO bng 50% v th tch th p sut chung l bao nhiu ? 7.30 Mt bnh 5,0 lt cha 1,0mol HI tn ti dng kh -c un nng ti 8000C. Xc nh phn trm phn li ca HI 8000C theo phn ng : 2HI (k) Bit KC = 6,34. 10
4

H2(k) + I2 (k).

7.31 Ng-i ta tin hnh phn ng PCl5 PCl3 + Cl2 vi 0,3mol PCl5 ; p sut u l 1atm. Khi cn bng -c thit lp, p sut o -c bng 1,25atm (V,T = const). a) Tnh phn li v p sut ring ca tng cu t. b) Thit lp biu thc lin h gia phn li v p sut chung ca h. 7.32 Phn ng CO(K)+ Cl2 (K) COCl2 (K) -c thc hin trong bnh kn nhit khng i, nng ban u ca CO v Cl2 bng nhau v bng 0,4mol/lt. Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng, bit rng khi h t ti cn bng th ch cn 50% l-ng CO ban u. Sau khi cn bng -c thit lp, ta thm 0,1mol CO vo 1 lt hn hp. Tnh nng cc cht lc cn bng mi thit lp. 7.33 T khi hi ca st(III) clorua khan so vi khng kh nhit 4570C l 10,50 v 5270C l 9,60 v tn ti cn bng : 2FeCl3 (k) Fe2Cl6 (k). a) Tnh % s mol Fe2Cl6 hai nhit trn ti thi im cn bng. b) Phn ng trn l thu nhit hay to nhit ? Ti sao ? 7.34 Khi un nng NO2 trong mt bnh kn c dung tch khng i n toC, c cn bng : 2NO2 2NO + O2 (cc cht u th kh). Tnh hng s cn bng KC ca phn ng, bit nng u ca NO2 l 0,3mol/lt, nng O2 lc cn bng l 0,12mol/lt. 7.35 Trong mt bnh kn c dung tch khng i, ng-i ta thc hin phn ng : N2 + 3H2 2NH3 nhit th nghim, khi phn ng t ti cn bng ta c pN2 = 0,38atm ; pH2 = 0,4atm ; pNH3 = 2atm. Tnh KP. Ht bt H2 ra khi bnh mt l-ng cho n khi p sut ring phn ca N2 trng thi cn bng mi l 0,45atm th dng li. Tnh p sut ring phn ca H2 v NH3 trng thi cn bng mi, bit rng nhit ca phn ng khng i. 7.36 Np a mol O2 v 2a mol SO2 100oC, p sut P =10atm (c xc tc l V2O5) vo bnh. Nung nng bnh ln mt thi gian sau lm ngui v 100oC c hn hp kh A, p sut trong bnh lc ny l P. Tnh P v dA/H2 theo hiu sut phn ng. P v dA/H2 c gi tr trong khong no ? Nu hiu sut phn ng ny l 60% th cn thm bao nhiu mol O2 vo hn hp t hiu sut l 90% ? 7.37 600K, phn ng H2(k) + CO2(k) H2O(k) + CO(k) c nng cn bng ca H2, CO2, H2O v CO ln l-t bng 0,600 ; 0,459 ; 0,500 v 0,42mol/lt. a) Tm KC, Kp ca phn ng. b) Nu l-ng ban u ca H2 v CO2 bng nhau v bng 1mol -c t vo bnh 5 lt th nng cn bng cc cht l bao nhiu ? II. Trc nghim tham kho Cu hi trc nghim khch quan: cn bng ha hc 1. Phn ng tng hp NH3 theo ph-ng trnh ho hc : N2 + 3H2 2NH3 H<0 B. tng nhit . cn bng chuyn ri theo chiu thun cn C. gim nhit . H>0 D. A v C. A. tng p sut.

2. Phn ng sn xut vi : CaCO3 (r) CaO (r) + CO2 (k) Convert by TVDT 12

Thuviendientu.org
Bin php k thut tc ng vo qu trnh sn xut tng hiu sut phn ng l A. tng nhit . B. tng p sut. C. gim p sut. D. A v C. 3. Phn ng sn xut vi : CaCO3(r) CaO(r) + CO2(k) H > 0 Hng s cn bng Kp ca phn ng ph thuc vo A. p sut ca kh CO2. B. khi l-ng CaCO3. C. khi l-ng CaO. D. cht xc tc. 4. Cho cn bng : 2NO2 N2O4 : C. mu nu nht dn. 5. Khi tng p sut ca h phn ng : A. chuyn ri theo chiu thun. C. khng chuyn dch. 6. Cho cn bng ho hc : N2 + O2 A. tng nhit .
2

Ho = 58,04 kJ Nhng bnh ng hn hp NO2 v N2O4 vo n-c th B. mu nu m dn. D. hn hp c mu khc. CO +H2O CO2 + H2 th cn bng s B. chuyn ri theo chiu nghch. D. chuyn ri theo chiu thun ri cn bng. 2NO N2O4 (k) H>0 thu -c nhiu kh NO, ng-i ta : C. gim nhit . 2NO2 (k) l B.
K NO2 N O
2 4

A. hn hp vn gi nguyn mu nh- ban u.

B. tng p sut.

D. gim p sut.

7. Hng s cn bng ca phn ng : A.

K NO2 N 2 O4

C.

NO2 N 2 O4
1 2

D. Kt qu khc.

8. Hng s cn bng KC ca mt phn ng xc nh ch ph thuc vo A. nng ca cc cht. 9. Cht xc tc l A. cht lm tng tc phn ng. B. cht khng thay i khi l-ng tr-c v sau phn ng. C. cht lm thay i tc phn ng, nh-ng khi l-ng khng thay i sau khi phn ng kt thc. D. C A, B, v C. 10. Chn p n ng cho cc cu sau : A. nhit v B a) Cho phn ng ho hc : A+ B C + D D. nng A Yu t no khng nh h-ng n tc phn ng ? C. nng C v D B. cht xc tc B. hiu sut phn ng. C. nhit phn ng. D. p sut.

b) Tm mnh ng : A. tng tc phn ng cn thay i cc yu t nhit , p sut, xc tc cho ph hp. B. tng tc phn ng cn thay i yu t nng cht tham gia hoc to thnh cho ph hp. C. Cn phi thay i tt c cc yu t lin quan n phn ng nh- nhit , p sut, xc tc, nng mt cch ph hp. D. C th thay i mt s hoc tt c cc yu t lin quan n phn ng tu theo tng phn ng. Convert by TVDT 13

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11. Chn p n ng cho cc cu sau : a) Hng s cn bng ca phn ng ph thuc vo A. nng b) Xt cn bng : A. K =
NH 3 N
2

C. nhit N2(k) + 3H2(k) B. K =

2

B. p sut 2NH3(k)
NH3
2 3

D. cht xc tc

Biu thc hng s cn bng ca phn ng l C. K =

N 2 . H2 NH
3

. H

D. K =

N 2 . H2 NH3
2

N 2 . H2

12. Trong cc cu sau, cu no ng ? Cu no sai ? a) Hng s cn bng t l nghch vi nhit . b) Phn ng mt chiu khng c hng s cn bng. c) Dng cht xc tc c th lm tng hng s cn bng. d) Khi thay i nng cc cht, s lm thay i hng s cn bng. e) Khi thay i h s cc cht trong mt phn ng, hng s cn bng K thay i. 13. Trong cc cu sau, cu no ng ? Cu no sai ? A. Bp than ang chy trong nh cho ra ngoi tri lnh s chy chm hn. B. Sc CO2 vo dung dch Na2CO3 trong iu kin p sut thp khin phn ng nhanh hn. C. Nghin nh CaCO3 gip phn ng nung vi din ra d dng hn. D. Dng MnO2 trong qu trnh nhit phn KClO3 s thu -c nhiu O2 hn. 14. a) Cho cn bng ho hc sau : H2 (k) + I2 (k) 2HI (k)

Yu t no sau y khng nh h-ng n cn bng ca h ? A. Nng H2 b) Xt cc cn bng sau : 2SO2(k) + O2(k) 2SO3(k) 2SO3(k) (1) (3) D. K1 = (K2)2 = (K3) SO2(k) + B. Nng I2 C. p sut D. Nhit

1 O2(k) 2

SO3 (k)

(2)

2SO2(k) + O2(k)

Gi K1, K2, K3 l hng s cn bng ng vi cc tr-ng hp (1), (2), (3) th biu thc lin h gia chng l : A. K1 = K2 = K3 15. a) Xt cn bng :
Fe
2

B. K1 = K2 = (K3) Fe2O3 (r) + 3CO (k)

3 2 3

C. K1 = 2K2 = (K3)

2Fe (r) + 3CO2 (k) Biu thc hng s cn bng ca h l :

Fe O . CO
3 3 2 2 3

. CO
3

A. K =
2

B. K =

Fe O . CO

Fe

C. K =

CO CO
2

3 3

CO
D. K =

3 2 3

. CO

CO

b) Xt cn bng : C (r) + CO2 (k) h ? A. Khi l-ng C

2CO (k)

Yu t no sau y khng nh h-ng ti cn bng ca D. Nhit

B. Nng CO2 C. p sut

16.in vo cc khong trng trong cu sau bng cc cm t thch hp : 14 Convert by TVDT

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Tc phn ng l i lng c trng cho ...(1)... ca mt trong cc cht phn ng hoc sn phm trong ...(2)... A.(1) bin thin nng (2) mt n v thi gian C.(1) s hnh thnh (2) mt khong thi gian B.(1) bin thin lng cht D.(1) nng mt i (2) phn ng (2) mt giy

17.Cho phn ng A + B C. Nu ban u nng ca A bng 0,10 M v nng sau 25 pht l 0,0967 M th tc trung bnh ca phn ng trong thi gian ny bng : A1,32.104 M1.pht1 B.0,4.104 M1.pht1 C38,7.104 M1.pht1 D1,32.104 M1.pht1 18.Cc pht biu sau l ng () hay sai (S) ? (1) Khi t ci, nu thm mt t du ha la s chy to hn. Nh vy, du ha ng vai tr xc tc cho qu trnh ny. (2) thc phm ti lu, ngi ta dng phng php bo qun lnh. nhit thp, qu trnh phn hy cc cht din ra chm hn. (3) Trong qu trnh lm sa chua, lc u ngi ta phi pha sa trong nc m v thm men lactic l tng tc qu trnh gy chua. Sau lm lnh km hm qu trnh ny. (4) Ty theo phn ng m c th dng mt, mt s hoc tt c yu t tng tc phn ng. (5) Nhit ca ngn la axetilen chy trong khng kh cao hn nhiu so vi chy trong oxi. 19.Tc ng no di y KHNG nh hng n vn tc phn ng phn hy CaCO3. CaCO3 (r) A. un nng B. Thm vi CaO (r) + CO2 (k) D. Nghin mn vi C. p nh vi

20.Cho 6 gam km ht vo mt cc ng dung dch H2SO4 4M nhit thng. Tc ng no sau y KHNG lm tng vn tc ca phn ng ? B. Thay 6 g km ht bng 6 g km bt C. Tin hnh nhit 50 C
o

C . Dng H2SO4 5M thay H2SO4 4M D. Tng th tch H2SO4 4M ln gp i

21.Nu chia mt mu vi hnh cu c th tch 10,00 cm3 thnh tm mu vi hnh cu th tch bng 1,25 cm3 th tng in tch mt cu tng bao nhiu ln ? D. 2 ln B. 4 ln C. 8 ln D. 16 ln 22.in vo khong trng trong cu sau bng cm t thch hp : Cn bng ha hc l trng thi ca phn ng thun nghch khi tc phn ng thun ... tc phn ng nghch. A. ln hn B. bng C. nh hn D. khc 23.in vo khong trng trong cu sau bng cc cm t thch hp : Cn bng ha hc l cn bng (1) v ti cn bng phn ng (2). B. (1) tnh ; (2) dng li C. (1) tnh ; (2) tip tc xy ra Convert by TVDT C. (1) ng ; (2) dng li D. (1) ng ; (2) tip tc xy ra 15

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24.Hng s cn bng K ca phn ng ch ph thuc vo D. nhit E. s bin i cht C. s bin i vn tc phn ng. 26.Xt phn ng : C (r) + H2O (k) CO (k) + H2 (k) F. Gim nhit . B.Tng p sut. C. Thm cacbon.
H 131 kJ

B..nng .

C.xc tc.

D.kch thc ht.

25.S ph v cn bng c chuyn sang mt cn bng mi do cc yu t bn ngoi tc ng c gi l B..s chuyn dch cn bng. D.s bin i hng s cn bng.

Yu t no di y lm phn ng trn chuyn dch theo chiu thun ? D. Ly bt H2 ra. 27.Trong cc phn ng di y phn ng no s chuyn di theo chiu thun khi gim nhit hoc tng p sut. A. COCl2 (k) CO (k) + Cl2 (k) B. CO (k) + H2O (k) CO2 (k) + H2 (k) C. 2SO3 (k) 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k) D. 4HCl (k) + O2 (k) 2H2O (k) + 2Cl2 (k) 28.Pht biu no di y l ng ? A. C th tng hiu sut phn ng nung vi bng cch tng nng vi. B. C th tng hiu sut phn ng tng hp NH3 ( H ca phn ng. D. Mi phn ng u tng hiu sut khi s dng xc tc. 29.Trong cc tc ng di y, tc ng no khng lm tng hiu sut phn ng tng hp NH3 N2 (k) + 3H2 (k) 2NH3 (k) A. Gim nhit . B. Gim p sut
H 92 kJ/mol

H = +113 kJ H = 41,8 kJ H = +192 kJ H = 112,8 kJ

92 kJ/mol) t N2 v H2 bng cch gim nhit

C. C th tng hiu sut phn ng tng hp HI (k) t H2 (k) v I2 (k) bng cch tng p sut.

.C. Tng nng N2 hoc H2.

D. Gim nng NH3.

30.Xc nh hng s cn bng ca phn ng sau 430 oC : H2 (k) + I2 (k) 2HI (k) Bit [H2] = [I2] = 0,107M v [HI] = 0,786M A. 0,019 B. 7,346 C. 53,961 D. 68,652 31.Cho bit phn ng sau : H2O (k) + CO (k) H2 (k) + CO2 (k) 700 C hng s cn bng K = 1,873. Tnh nng H2O v CO trng thi cn bng, bit rng hn hp ban u gm 0,300 mol H2O v 0,300 mol CO trong bnh 10 lt 700 oC. A. 0,01733M B. 0,01267M C. 0,1733M 730 oC l 2,18.106. 16 D. 0,1267M 32.Hng s cn bng ca phn ng : H2(k) + Br2 (k) 2HBr (k) Convert by TVDT
o

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Cho 3,20 mol HBr vo trong bnh phn ng dung tch 12,0 lt 730 oC. Tnh nng ca H2, Br2 v HBr trng thi cn bng. A. M B. C. D. 33.Iot b phn hy bi nhit theo phn ng sau : I2 (k) 2I (k) 727 oC hng s cn bng l 3,80.105. Cho 0,0456 mol I2 vo trong bnh 2,30 lt 727 oC. Tnh nng I2 v I trng thi cn bng. A. B. C. D AXIT BAZ & PHN NG TRAO I I. CNG THC 1. Cng thc tnh s mol. m (1) n M V0 (2) n 22,4 (3) n C M .V P.V PV (4) n 22,4 RT 273 t 273 N (5) n 6,02.1023 2. Cng thc tnh nng . (1) Nng phn trm. m ct C% 100% m dd (2) Nng mol/l n CM Vd d (3) Mi quan h gia C v CM 10d C M C. M 3. Qui tc ng cho. (1) i vi nng %.
m1 ddA C1 C m2 ddA C2 C1-C C-C2 m1 m2 = C - C2 C1- C

(2) i vi nng mol/l.

V1 V2 ddA CM1 C ddA CM2 CM1 - CM CM - CM2 V1 V2 = CM - CM2 CM1 - CM

(3) i vi hn hp. II. BNG TNH TAN TT Cht 1 Axit 2 Baz 3 Mui clorua Cl Convert by TVDT

Tan Hu ht NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2 Hu ht 17

Khng tan H2SiO3 Hu ht AgCl, PbCl2

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4 5 Mui sunfat SO 2 4 Hu ht BaSO4, PbSO4, CaSO4 Tt c Mui nitrat NO 3 6 Mui sunfua Mui ca kim loi kim v amoni Hu ht 7 Mui sunfit Mui ca kim loi kim v amoni Hu ht 8 Mui cacbonat Mui ca kim loi kim v amoni Hu ht 9 Mui photphat Mui ca kim loi kim v amoni Hu ht 10 Mui ca kim loi Tt c kim v amoni III. S IN LY 1. S in li l g? S in ly l qu trnh phn li thnh cc ion. 2. Cht in ly l g? Nhng cht tan trong nc phn li ra ion c gi l nhng cht in li. 3. Axit, baz v mui l nhng cht in li. Cht in li Cation Anion Axit H+ + gc axit Baz Ion dng kim loi + OHMui Ion dng kim loi + Gc axit IV. PHN LOI CC CHT IN LI 4. in li in li ca cht in ly l t s gia s phn t phn li ra ion (n) v tng s phn t ho tan (n0). n C n o C0 5. Cht in li mnh v cht in li yu a. Cht in li mnh. L cht in li mnh l cht khi tan trong nc, cc phn t ho tan u phn li ra ion. Cht in li mnh c = 1, l - Cc axit mnh: , HNO3, H2SO4, HCl, HBr, HI, HClO3, HClO4 - Cc baz mnh: NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)2 - Hu ht cc mui. - Trong phng trnh in li dng mi tn mt chiu. HCl H Cl
H 2SO 4 NaOH Ba OH
2

2H Na Ba
2

SO 2 4 OH 2OH
2 CO 3

Na 2 CO 3 Al 2 SO 4
3

2 Na 2Al 3

3SO 2 4

Tng qut: A x By xA n yBm Vi n l s in tch ca A, m l s in tch ca B. b. Cht in li yu Cht in li yu l cht khi tan trong nc ch c mt phn s phn t ho tan phn li ra ion, phn cn li vn tn ti di dng phn t trong dung dch. Cht in li yu c 0 < < 1 Cht in ly yu thng l: 18

Convert by TVDT

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Cc axit yu, nh: CH3COOH, HClO, H2S, HF, H2SO3, H2CO3 Cc baz yu: Bi(OH)2, Mg(OH)2 Trong phng trnh in li dng mi tn hai chiu. Phng trnh in li HNO2: HNO 2 H NO2 Phng trnh in li H2S: H 2S H HS

V. 1. 2. a.

b.

c.

d.

3.

HS H S2 S in ly ca cht in ly yu l qu trnh thun nghch. Cn bng in li cng l cn bng ng V d: Xt cn bng: HNO 2 H NO2 Nu tng nng H+ th cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch. Khi pha long dung dch, in li ca cc cht u tng. AXIT, BAZ V MUI nh ngha theo thuyt A-r-ni-ut Axit l nhng cht khi tan trong nc phn li ra cation H+ Baz l nhng cht khi tan trong nc cho ra anion OH-. Hidroxit lng tnh l nhng hidroxit khi tan trong nc c th phn li nh axit, va c th phn li nh baz. nh ngha theo thuyt Bron-stt. Axit l nhng cht nhng proton (H+) - Nu M(OH)n l baz yu th Mn+ l axit: NH 4 , Al 3 , Fe3 - HSO4- l axit ch khng phi lng tnh. - Cc oxit axit: CO2, SO3, SO2 Baz l nhng cht nhn proton (H+) 2 2 2 - Nu HnA l axit yu th An- l mt baz: CO 3 , S2 , SO 3 , CO 3 , PO 3 4 Cc oxit hay hidroxit baz u l baz. Cht lng tnh l cht va c kh nng cho va c kh nng nhn H+. - Cc hidroxit lng tnh: Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2 - Mui axit ca axit yu: HCO3-, HS- H2PO3- - Mt s cht khc nh: H2O (NH4)2CO3, ure u l cht lng tnh. Cht trung tnh l cht, khng c kh nng cho nhn H+ - Gc axit ca axit mnh u l trung tnh, - Ion kim loi ca baz mnh u l cht trung tnh. Hng s phn li axit v baz a. Hng s phn ly axit. H CH3COO+ V d: CH3COOH CH3COO + H c K a CH3COOH b. Hng s phn li baz NH 4 OH V d: NH3 + H2O NH 4 + OH- c K b NH3 Cng thc tnh gn ng: i vi axit yu: Ka H H KaC C C i vi baz yu:
19

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OH K bC OH C Kb C

4. Mui a. nh ngha: b. Mui axit v mui trung ho: Mui axit l mui m gc axit cn hidro c kh nng tch ra H+ cn mui trung ho khng c H+ nh th. NaHCO3 l mui axit CH3COONa l mui trung ho. c. S phn li ca mui trong nc: i vi mui bnh thng: Fe 2 SO 4 3 2Fe 3 3SO 2 4 i vi mui axit: NaHCO 3 Na HCO 3
2 HCO 3 H CO 3 i vi mui kp: NaCl.KCl Na K 2Cl i vi phc cht: Ag NH3 2 Cl Ag NH3 2

Cl

Ag 2 NH 3 Ag NH3 2 VI. S PHN LY CA NC 1. Nc l cht in li rt yu 2. Tch s ion ca nc. 250C, [H+][OH-]= 1,0.10-14 3. ngha ca tch s ion ca nc. Mi trng trung tnh: [H+]= 10-7 Mi trng axit: [H+]>10-7 Mi trng baz: [H+]<10-7 VII. pH 1. Logarit a. lgN = x 10x = N x b. lg10 = x c. lgM.N = lgM + lgN M lg M lg N d. lg N 2. Cng thc tnh pH pH lg H V d: Tnh pH ca dung dch HCl 10-3M HCl H+ + Cl+ [H ]= 10-3 M pH lg 10 3 3 pOH lg OH Trong dung dch bt k 250C: pH + pOH = 14 Tnh pH ca dung dch NaOH 0,01M NaOH Na+ + OH[OH-]=10-2 M

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20

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pOH lg 10 2 pH = 14 2 = 12 VIII. CHT CH TH AXIT BAZ 1. Qu : pH 6 Tm 6 < pH < 8 Xanh pH 8 2. Phenolphtalein Khng mu: pH < 8,3 Hng: pH 8,3 IX. PHN NG TRAO I ION TRONG DUNG DCH CHT IN LI 1. iu kin xy ra phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch. a. Phn ng to thnh cht kt ta. Cho dung dch AgNO3 vo dung dch HCl AgNO 3 HCl AgCl HNO3
Ag
_ NO3

Cl

AgCl

NO3

Ag Cl AgCl Cho dung dch BaCl2 vo dung dch Na2CO3 BaCl 2 Na 2CO3 BaCO3 2 NaCl

Ba 2
2

2Cl
2 3

2 Na

2 CO3

BaCO3

2 Na

2Cl

Ba CO BaCO3 Cho dung dch FeCl3 vo dung dch NaOH FeCl3 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 3NaCl Fe3 3Na 3OH _ Fe(OH)3 3Na 3Cl Fe3 3OH Fe OH 3 b. Phn ng to thnh cht in li yu Cho dung dch HCl vo dung dch NaOH HCl NaOH NaCl H 2O
H Cl Na OH Na Cl H 2O H OH _ H 2O Cho dung dch Na2HPO4 vo dung dch HCl Na 2 HPO4 2HCl 2 NaCl H 3PO4
2 Na HPO2 4 2H 2Cl 2 Na 2Cl H 3PO4 2H HPO2 H 3PO4 4 c. Phn ng to thnh cht kh. Cho dung dch Na2CO3 vo dung dch H2SO4 Na 2CO3 H 2SO 4 Na 2SO 4 CO 2 H 2O

2 Na

2 CO3

2H

SO 2 4

2 Na

SO 2 4

CO 2

H 2O

2 CO3 2H CO 2 H 2O 2. Phn ng thu phn ca mui

Convert by TVDT

21

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a. Khi nim s thu phn ca mui: Phn ng trao i gia mui ho tan v nc l phn ng thu phn ca mui. b. Phn ng thu phn: V d: Vit phng trnh thu phn mui CH3COONa. CH 3COONa CH 3COO - Na
CH 3COO - +HOH CH 3COO _ OH OH- c gii phng, nn mi trng c pH > 7. V d 2. Vit phng trnh thu phn Al2(SO4)3 Al2(SO4)3 2Al 3 3SO 2 4

Al3+ + HOH Al OH H + H gii phng nn mi trng c pH < 7. Mui to bi Mi trng Axit mnh Baz mnh Trung tnh Axit mnh Baz yu Axit Axit yu Baz mnh Kim X. MT S DNG TON 1. Dng ton phn ng trung ho: Phn ng gia dung dch axit v dung dch baz. Phng trnh ion thu gn: H+ + OHH2O Trung ho: n H n OH Tng khi lng mui bng tng khi lng cc ion. 2. Dng ton bng T a. CO2 tc dng vi dung dch kim
2

pH pH = 7 pH < 7 pH > 7

OHOH2OHCO2 + CO2 HCO3CO32- + H2O CO2 HCO3HCO3CO2 CO321 2

HCO3CO32-

CO32OH-

b. SO2 tc dng vi dung dch kim: c. H2S tc dng vi dung dch kim d. H3PO4 tc dng vi dung dch kim 3. Dng ton th a. CO2 tc dng vi dung dch Ca(OH)2 CaCO3
Ca(OH)2: a mol CaCO3: CO2 x mol x mol 0 x (2a-x) 2a

2a-x mol

CO2

b. Dung dch kim tc dng vi mui km.

Convert by TVDT

22

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Zn2+: a mol Zn(OH)2 OHx mol 2x mol 2x 4a-2x nOHnZn(OH)2

4a-2x mol

c. Dung dch kim tc dng vi mui nhm:

Convert by TVDT

23

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BI TP 1. Cht no sau y khng dn in c: A. KCl rn, khan. B. KOH nng chy. C. MgCl2 nng chy. D. HI trong dung dch nc. 2. Cht no di y khng phn ly ra ion khi ho tan trong nc ? A. MgCl2, B. HClO3, C. C6H12O6 (glucoz), D. Ba(OH)2. 3. Dung dch cht no sau y khng dn in c ? A. HCl trong benzen B. Ca(OH)2 trong nc C. CH3COONa trong nc D. NaHSO4 trong nc. 4. Cht in ly mnh c in ly: A. = 0 B. = 1 C. < 1 D. 0 < < 1 5. Cht in ly yu c in ly: A. = 0 B. = 1 C. 0 < < 1 D. < 0 6. Mt dung dch c [OH-] = 2,5.10-10M. Mi trng ca dung dch l: A. Axit B. kim C. trung tnh D. khng xc nh c 7. Mt dung dch c OH 4,210 3 , nh gi no sau y l ng ? A. pH = 3,0 B. pH < 3,0 C. pH = 4,0 D. pH > 4,0. 8. Mt dung dch c pH = 5, nh gi no sau y l ng ? A. H 2.10 5 B. H 5,0.10 4 C. H 1,0.10 5 D. H 1,0.10 4 9. CH3COOH cos Ka = 1,75.10-5 v HNO2 c Ka = 4,0.10-4. Nu hai axit c nng mol bng nhau v cng nhit , khi qu trnh phn li trng thi cn bng, nh gi no di y l ng ? A. [H] CH3COOH [H] HNO2 B. [H] CH3COOH [H] HNO2 C. pH CH3COOH pH HNO 2 Convert by TVDT 24

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D. [CH3COO- ] > NO 2 [CH 3COO ] [ NO2 ] 10. i vi dung dch axit yu HNO2 0,10M, nu b qua s in li ca nc th nh gi no sau y l ng: A. pH > 1,0 B. pH = 1,0 C. H NO 2 D. H NO 2 11. i vi dung dch axit mnh HNO3 0,10M, nu b qua s in li ca nc th nh gi no sau y l ng: A. pH < 1,0 B. pH >1,0 [H ] [ NO3 ] C. [H ] [ NO3 ] D. [H ] [ NO3 ] 12. Khi pha long, in li ca CH3COOH: A. tng B. gim C. khng i D. c th tng, c th gim. 13. Ion no cho di y l axit theo thuyt Bronsted? A. SO 2 4 2 B. Zn C. NO 3
2 D. SO 3 14. Ion no cho di y l baz theo thuyt Bronsted? A. Cu 2 B. Fe 3 C. BrO D. Ag 15. Ion no cho di y l lng theo thuyt Bronsted? A. Fe 2 B. Al 3 C. HS D. Cl 16. Dung dch HNO2 0,10M (Ka = 4,0.10-4) c [H+] bng: A. 6,3.10-3 M B. 6,3.10-4 M C. 4,0. 10-5 M D. 4,0.10-3 17. Dung dch cht no di y c mi trng kim? A. AgNO3 B. NaClO3 C. K2CO3 D. SnCl2 18. Dung dch cht no di y c mi trng axit ? A. NaNO3 B. KClO4 C. Na3PO4 25 Convert by TVDT

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D. NH4Cl 19. Nng H+ ca dung dch CH3COONa 0,10M (Kb ca CH3COO- 5,71.10-10) A. 5,71.10-10 M B. 1,32.10-9M C. 7,56.10-6M D. 5,71.10-9 M 20. Nng H+ trong dung dch NH4Cl 0,10M (Ka ca NH 4 l 5,56.10-10) A. 5,56.10-10 M B. 7,46.10-10 M C. 7,46.10-6 M D. 5,56.10-6 M 21. Dung dch cht no cho di y c pH = 7 ? A. SnCl2 B. NaF C. Cu(NO3)2 D. KBr 22. Dung dch cht no cho i y c pH < 7 ? A. KI B. KNO3 C. FeBr2 D. NaNO2 23. Dung dch cht no cho i y c pH > 7 ? A. KI B. KNO3 C. FeBr2 D. NaNO2 24. Dung dch NaNO2 0,10M (Kb ca NO 2 l 2,5.10-11). nh gi no sau y l ng ? A. Nng [H+ ] bng 0,2.10-8M B. Nng [OH-] = 5.10-7 M C. NO 2 l baz mnh. D. pH < 7 25. Trong s cc cht sau, cht no khng phi l cht in li A. NaHCO3 B. H2SO4 C. KOH D. C2H5OH 26. Trn ln cc dung dch sau, trng hp no khng xy ra phn ng: A. AgNO 3 NaCl B. H 2SO 4

Ba NO3
2

C. NH 4 Cl Ca OH

D. Na 2SO 4 KNO3 27. Cc ion sau c th tn ti trong mt dung dch: 2 A. Na , Ca 2 , Cl , CO3 B. Cu 2 , SO 2 , Ba 2 , NO 3 4 C. Mg 2 , NO3 , SO 2 , Al 3 4 Convert by TVDT 26

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D. Zn 2 , S2 , Fe 3 , Cl 28. Trong s cc cht sau, cht no l cht in li yu: A. HCl B. NaOH C. NaCl D. CH3COOH 29. Trong dung dch c cha cc cation Na+, Ag+, Fe3+, Ba2+ v mt anion: A. S2B. SO 2 4 NO 3 C. D. Cl30. Dy cc ion sau cng tn ti trong mt dung dch l A. NH4+, Ba2+, NO3-, PO43B. Na+, Mg2+, CH3COO-, SO42C. Ca2+, K+, Cl-, CO32D. Ag+, Na+, NO3-, Br31. Mui no cho di y l mui axit ? A. Na2HPO3 B. CH3COONa C. NH4Cl D. Na2HPO4 32. Trong phn chua, ion gy ra chua: A. Al 3 B. SO 2 4 C. K D. Fe 3 33. Dy no cho di y, cc cht khng c xp theo trt t tng dn tnh axit theo chiu t tri sang phi ? A. HClO, HClO2, HClO3, HClO4 B. H2CO3, CH3COOH, HCOOH C. H3PO4, H2SO4, HClO4 D. HI, HBr, HCl, HF. 34. Trong s cc cht sau, cht no l cht lng tnh A. CO32B. ClC. HCO3D. HSO435. Dung dch H2SO4 10-3M c pH bng: A. 2,7 B. 3 C. 12 D. 2,4 2 36. Trong s cc ion sau, ion l l baz theo thuyt proton. (1) CO 3 , (2) NH 4 , (3) HCOO - , (4) Na , (5) SO 2 4 A. (1), (2) B. (2), (3) C. (1), (3) D. (4), (5) Convert by TVDT 27

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37. Cht c to thnh t mui v dung dch NaOH d: A. Al(OH)3 B. Ba(OH)2 C. Fe(OH)2 D. KOH 2 2 38. Dung dch X cha cc anion SO 2 , SO 3 , S2 , HPO 2 , CO 3 v mt cation: 4 4 A. Mg2+ B. Na+ C. Al3+ D. Fe3+ 39. Dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,02M c pH bng: A. 1,4 B. 12,6 C. 12,4 D. 12,3 40. H+ + OHH2O l phng trnh ion thu gn ca phn ng gia: A. CuO + HCl B. BaCl2 + H2SO4 C. Fe(OH)3 + HNO3 D. H2SO4 + KOH 41. Trng hp no khng xy ra phn ng: A. NaOH + NaHCO3 B. KNO3 + Ca(NO3)2 C. Fe3O4 + HCl D. AgNO3 + HBr 42. Dung dch HCl tc dng c vi: A. CuS B. NaNO3 C. FeO D. AlCl3 43. Dung dch c pH bng 7: A. Na2SO4 B. Na2CO3 C. AlCl3 D. NaHCO3 44. Dung dch c pH < 7 l: A. NaCl B. AlCl3 C. NaNO2 D. CH3COONa 45. Ho tan 0,05 mol Na kim loi vo 100 ml dung dch HCl x mol/l thu c dung dch Y. Trung ha dung dch Y cn 10 ml dung dch H2SO4 1M. Gi tr x l: A. 0,03 B. 0,3 C. 0,5 D. 0,7 46. Ho tan m gam dung dch NaOH 20% vo 200 gam dung dch NaOH 5% c dung dch NaOH 10%. Gi tr ca m l: A. 100 gam 28 Convert by TVDT

Thuviendientu.org
B. 200 gam C. 300 gam D. 300 gam 47. Cho bit nng mol/l ca H+ c trong dung dch HNO3 10% (d = 1,054 g /ml) A. 1,67 M B. 1,23 M C. 2 M D. 3 M 48. Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp Na-Ba trong nc thu c dung dch X v 4,48 lt kh H2 (ktc). trung ha dung dch X cn bao nhiu ml dung dch H2SO4 0,5M A. 100 B. 200 C. 300 D. 400 49. Ho tan 4,6 gam Na vo nc c 200 ml dung dch X. A. Th tch H2 thot ra (ktc) l 2,24 lt B. Nng ca NaOH l 1M. C. trung ho dung dch X cn 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 1M D. Cho 15,2 gam FeSO4 vo 100 ml dung dch X c 9 gam kt ta. Chn p n sai. 50. Ho tan 48 gam CuSO4 vo nc c 200 ml dung dch X. A. S mol ca CuSO4 l 0,3 mol. B. Nng mol ca Cu2+ l 1,5M C. kt ta ht ion SO42- c trong 200 ml dung dch X cn 200 ml dung dch BaCl2 1M. D. kt ta ht ion Cu2+ c trong 200 ml dung dch X cn 600 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Chn p n sai. 51. Dung dch X cha cc ion Fe3+ (0,01 mol), Mg2+ (0,02 mol), SO 2 (0,01 mol) v NO 3 (x mol). Khi c cn 4 dung dch X c y gam mui khan. Gi tr x, y ln lt l: A. 0,05 mol, 5,1 gam B. 0,04 mol, 4,48 gam C. 0,03 mol, 3,86 gam D. 0,02 mol, 3,24 gam 52. Trng hp no, phn ng xy ra chiu thun. A. 2NaCl H 2S Na 2S 2HCl B. FeCl2 H2S FeS 2HCl C. CuCl 2 H2S CuS 2HCl D. 2FeCl3 3H 2S Fe 2S3 6HCl 53. Cn cho vo cc A cha 200 gam dung dch HCl 7,3% bao nhiu gam CaCO3 cc A tng ln 30 gam E. 38,8 gam F. 30 gam G. 42,2 gam H. 35,6 gam 54. Dng ho cht no sau y phn bit 3 cht rn : NaOH, Ca(OH)2, Al(OH)3 A. Dng nc, dung dch HCl B. Dng nc v kh CO2 C. Dng kh CO2, dung dch HCl D. Dng qu tm v kh CO2 55. Cho V lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 250 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 2M c 39,4 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l Convert by TVDT 29

Thuviendientu.org
A. B. C. D. 0,2 hoc 0,8 0,2 hoc 0,6 0,2 hoc 0,4 0,4 hoc 0,6

56. CuSO 4 X CuCl 2 Y Cu NO3 2 , X, Y ln lt l: A. HCl, HNO3 B. NaCl, AgNO3 C. BaCl2, AgNO3 D. BaCl2, HNO3 57. Cho 5,6 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH 2M c dung dch X. Cho dung dch CaCl2 d vo dung dch X. Khi lng kt ta to thnh: A. 15 gam B. 25 gam C. 20 gam D. 27 gam 58. Tnh th tch CO2 (ktc) vo 2 lt dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,02M c khi lng kt ta cc i A. 0,896 lt B. 0,224 lt C. 0,448 lt D. 1,792 lt 59. Cho cc cp cht sau: (1) Na2CO3 + BaCl2 (2) (NH4)2CO3 + Ba(NO3)2 (3) Ba(HCO3)2 + K2CO3 (4) BaCl2 + MgCO3 Nhng cp cht khi phn ng c cng phng trnh ion thu gn l: A. (1) v (2) B. (1) v (3) C. (1), (2) v (3) D. (1), (2), (3) v (4) 60. Dy cc cht u phn ng c vi dung dch Ca(OH)2 A. CH3COOH, KHCO3, Ba(HCO3)2 B. Ca(HCO3)2, NaHCO3, CH3COONa C. KHCO3, KCl, NH4NO3 D. (NH4)2CO3, CaCO3, NaHCO3 61. Cho 0,3 mol Ba(OH)2 vo 200 ml dung dch hn hp (NH4)2SO4 0,4M v Fe2(SO4)3 0,2M. Tng s mol kt ta thu c l A. 0,28 B. 0,20 C. 0,38 D. 0,30 62. Sc t t 0,5 mol CO2 vo dung dch cha 0,4 mol Ca(OH)2. Khi lng kt ta thu c l A. 30 gam B. 40 gam C. 50 gam D. 20 gam 63. Cho rt t t 0,3 mol HCl vo dung dch hn hp gm 0,2 mol Na2CO3 v 0,2 mol NaHCO3. S mol CO2 thu c bng A. 0,15 30 Convert by TVDT

Thuviendientu.org
B. 0,25 C. 0,10 D. 0,30 64. Cho 0,1 mol H3PO4 tc dng vi 0,26 mol NaOH. Tng khi lng mui to thnh l: A. 15,52 g B. 28,06 g C. 24,06 g D. 9,8 gam 65. Cho 50 gam CaCO3 tc dng va vi dung dch HCl 14,63%. Tnh nng % ca CaCl2 c trong dung dch thu c. A. 20% B. 21% C. 22% D. 23%. 66. Hp cht X cho ngn la mu vng. Dung dch X tc dng c vi FeCl3. X to kt ta vi dung dch BaCl2. X l A. K2CO3 B. NaOH C. Na2SO4 D. Na2CO3 67. Dung dch X c cha 0,07 mol Na+, 0,02 mol SO 42 v x mol OHDung dch Y c cha y mol H+ v tng s mol ca ClO4 va NO 3 l 0,04 Trn X v Y c 100 ml dung dch Z. Cho bit pH ca Z. A. pH = 2 B. pH = 12 C. pH = 1 D. pH = 13 68. Trn ln dung dch X cha 0,15 mol NaHCO3 0,05 mol Na2CO3 vo dung dch Y cha 0,08 mol Ba(OH)2 v 0,1 mol BaCl2. S mol kt ta l. A. 0,18 mol B. 0,20 mol C. 0,05 mol D. 0,08 mol 69. Xt phng trnh: S2- + 2H+ H2S y l pt ion thu gn ca phn ng: A. FeS + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S B. 2NaHSO4 + Na2S 2Na2SO4 + H2S C. 2CH3COOH+K2S 2CH3COOK+H2S D. BaS + H2SO4 BaSO4 + H2S 70. Cho 0,1 mol NaOH vo dung dch c cha 0,05 mol BaCl2 v 0,07 mol Ba(HCO3)2. Khi lng kt ta to thnh l: A. 19,7 gam B. 23,64 gam C. 9,85 gam D. 13,79 gam 71. ha tan hon ton 2,32 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 (trong s mol FeO bng s mol Fe2O3), cn dng va V lt dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l Convert by TVDT 31

Thuviendientu.org
A. 0,23. B. 0,18. C. 0,08. D. 0,16. 72. T hai mui X v Y thc hin cc phn ng sau : X t X1 + CO2 X1 + H2O X2 X2 + Y X + Y1 + H2O X2 + 2Y X + Y2 + 2H2O Hai mui X, Y tng ng l A. CaCO3, NaHSO4. B. BaCO3, Na2CO3. C. CaCO3, NaHCO3. D. MgCO3, NaHCO3. 73. Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol Al2(SO4)3 v 0,1 mol H2SO4 n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V thu c lng kt ta trn l: A. 0,45. B. 0,35. C. 0,25. D. 0,05. 74. Ha tan hon ton 0,3mol hn hp gm Al v Al4C3 vo dung dch KOH (d), thu c a mol hn hp kh v dung dch X. Sc kh CO2 (d) vo dung dch X, lng kt ta thu c l 46,8 gam. Gi tr ca a l: A. 0,55. B. 0,60. C. 0,40. D. 0,45. 75. Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,2M, sinh ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l: A. 19,70. B. 17,73. C. 9,85. D. 11,82. 76. Trn ln V ml dung dch NaOH 0,01M vi V ml dung dch HCl 0,03M c 2V ml dung dch Y. Dung dch Y c pH l: A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 1 77. Cho hn hp gm Na v Al c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo nc (d). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 8,96 lt kh H2 ( ktc) v m gam cht rn khng tan. Gi tr ca m l A. 10,8. B. 5,4. C. 7,8. D. 43,2. 78. Dung dch A gm HCl 0,5M v H2SO4 1M. Dung dch B gm NaOH 1M v KOH 2M trung ho 500 ml dung dch B cn bao nhiu ml dung dch A. A. 0,6 L B. 1,2 L Convert by TVDT 32
0

Thuviendientu.org
C. 1,0 L D. 2,0 L 79. Cho 8,96 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 250 ml dung dch NaOH 2M c dung dch X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch Ca(OH)2 d c a gam kt ta. Nu cho X tc dng vi dung dch CaCl2 d c b gam kt ta. Gi tr (a b) bng: A. 0 g B. 15 g C. 10 g D. 30 g 80. Ho tan 17 gam hn hp X gm K v Na vo nc c dung dch Y v 6,72 lt kh H2 (ktc). trung ho mt na dung dch Y cn dung dch hn hp H2SO4 v HCl (t l mol 1:3). Khi lng mui khan thu c l: A. 20,65 g B. 34,20 gam C. 41,30 gam D. 20,83 gam 81. Cho 14,6 gam hn hp X gm Na v Al vo nc d c 11,2 lt kh H2 (ktc). Khi lng Al c trong X l: A. 8,85 gam B. 5,4 gam C. 5,4 gam hoc 8,85 gam D. 5,4 hoc 8,10 gam 82. Cho V lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 c 3 gam kt ta, lc b kt ta un nng dung dch nc lc th c thm 1 gam kt ta na. Tm V. A. 0,672 lt B. 0,896 lt C. 0,784 lt D. 1,12 lit 83. Dung dch X cha cc ion sau: Al3+, Cu2+, SO 2 v NO 3 . kt ta ht ion SO 2 c trong 250 mL dung 4 4 dch X cn 50 mL dung dch BaCl2 1M. Cho 500 mL dung dch X tc dng vi dung dch NH3 d th c 7,8 gam kt ta. C cn 500 mL dung dch X c 37,3 gam hn hp mui khan. Nng mol/l NO 3 l: A. 0,2 M B. 0,3 M C. 0,4 M D. 0,6 M 84. Cho 0,55 mol hn hp X gm FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 tc dng va vi dung dch HNO3 c dung dch B v 0,1 mol NO. Cho dung dch B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d th c 1 mol Fe(OH)3. S mol ca Fe3O4 c trong X l: A. 0,10 B. 0,15 C. 0,20 D. 0,25 85. Dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M c in li = 1,34%. Gi tr pH ca dung dch ny bng : A. 0,9 B. 1,0 C. 2,9 D. 1,9 86. Phn ng no di y KHNG ng thi c hin tng to kt ta v si bt kh ? Convert by TVDT 33

Thuviendientu.org
A. Ba + dung dch H2SO4 B. K + dung dch CuSO4 C. Zn + dung dch KOH D. dung dch AlCl3 + dung dch Na2CO3 87. A l dung dch HCl v B l dung dch CH3COOH. A v B c cng nng mol v in ly ca axit axetic trong B bng 1%. Gi tr pH ca A v B tng ng l x v y. Quan h gia x v y l : A. y = 100x. B. x = y + 2. C. x = 100y. D. y = x + 2. 88. Cho t t tng git V (L) dung dch HCl 0,1M vo dung dch K2CO3 thu c dung dch B v 0,56 L (ktc) kh CO2. Cho dung dch B tc dng vi dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thy to ra 1,5 gam kt ta. V bng : A. 800 ml B. 650 ml C. 500 ml D. 400 ml 89. 100 mL dung dch hn hp X cha NaOH 1,5M v Ba(OH)2 2M c trung ha bi V (L) dung dch Y cha H2SO4 0,5M v HCl 1M. Sau phn ng thu c a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V v a ln lt l : A. 0,2750 ; 32,0 B. 0,1375 ; 23,3 C. 0,1375 ; 16,0 D. 0,2750 ; 46,6 90. Cho dung dch G cha cc ion Mg2+, SO 2 ; NH 4 v Cl4 Chia dung dch G thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn th nht tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng, c 0,58 gam kt ta v 0,672 lt kh (ktc). Phnth hai tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 d, c 4,66 gam kt ta. Khi lng ca cc cht tan trong dung dch G. A. 6,11 gam B. 3,055 gam C. 6 gam D. 3 gam 91. Hn hp X cha K2O, NH4Cl, KHCO3 v BaCl2 c s mol bng nhau. Cho hn hp X vo nc (d), un nng, dung dch thu c cha A. KCl, KOH. B. KCl. C. KCl, KHCO3, BaCl2. D. KCl, KOH, BaCl2. 92. Mt hn hp X c khi lng m gam gm Ba v Al. Cho m gam X tc dng vi nc d, thu c 8,96 lt kh H2.Cho m gam X tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thu c 22,4 lt kh H2. (Cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton, cc th tch kh o iu kin tiu chun, cho Al = 27, Ba = 137). m c gi tr l A. 29,9 gam. B. 27,2 gam. C. 16,8 gam. D. 24,6 gam. 93. Cho V lt kh CO2 ( ktc) hp th hon ton vo 200 ml dung dch hn hp KOH 1M v Ba(OH)2 0,75M thu c 27,58 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V l (cho C = 12, O =16, Ba = 137) A. 6,272 lt. B. 8,064 lt. C. 8,512 lt. D. 2,688 lt. 34 Convert by TVDT

Thuviendientu.org
94. Trong mt cc ng ha cht l 200 mL dung dch AlCl3 2M. Rt vo cc 200 mL dung dch NaOH nng a (M) thu c mt kt ta. em kt ta sy kh, nung n khi lng khng i thu c 5,1 gam cht rn. Vy a bng: A. 1,5 M. B. 1,5 M hoc 3,0 M. C. 1,5 M hoc 7,5 M. D. 1,0 M hoc 1,5 M. 95. Dung dch no trong cc dung dch sau y cng nhit phng c gi tr pH nh nht: A. Dung dch AlCl3 0,1M. B. Dung dch NaHSO4 0,1M. C. Dung dch NaAlO2 0,1M. D. Dung dch NH4HCO3 0,1M. 96. Trong cc cht Al2S3, CaC2, CuS, Zn3P2 cht khng b thy phn khi cho vo nc l: A. Al2S3. B. CaC2. C. CuS. D. Zn3P2. 97. Qu tm s thay i th no th hp l khi nhng vo dung dch sau: A. Cc dung dch Na2CO3, NaOH, NaAlO2, NH3, CH3COONa : qu tm chuyn sang mu xanh. B. Cc dung dch NaCl, NaHSO4, KNO3, CH3COONa, K2S : qu tm khng i mu. C. Cc dung dch NaHCO3, NaHSO4, Na2SO4, CH3COONa : qu tm chuyn sang . D. Cc dung dch NaCl, NaNO3, NaAlO2, Na2SO4, CH3COONa : qu tm khng i mu. 98. Tng s ht do s in ly s phn ly ca axit fomic c trong 10 mL dung dch axit fomic 0,3M, vi in ly 2% l : A. 18,42.1020. B. 6,02.1023. C. 18,06.1020. D. 18,42.1023. 99. Dung dch no di y c pH = 2 ? A. Dung dch NaOH 0,01 M B. Dung dch H2SO4 0,01 M C. Dung dch cha H+ v 0,1 mol Na+; 0,05 mol Cl-; 0,05 mol SO42- trong 500 mL D. Dung dch HCOOH 1M c in ly = 1%. 100. Cho 27,4 gam bari kim loi vo 500 gam dung dch hn hp (NH4)2SO4 1,32% v CuSO4 2% un nng thu c kh A, kt ta B v dung dch C. Th tch kh A (ktc) v khi lng kt ta B ln lt bng: A. 6,72 L v 26,21 gam B. 4,48 L v 26,21 gam C. 6,72 L v 32,34 gam D. 4,48 L v 32,34 gam Chuyn : NHM V HP CHT CA NHM DNG 1: TNH CHT LNG TNH CA Al2O3 V Al(OH)3 Bi 1: Cho 3,42gam Al2(SO4)3 tc dng vi 25 ml dung dch NaOH to ra c 0,78 gam kt ta. Tnh nng mol ca NaOH dng. s: 2,8M hoc 1,2M Bi 2: Trong mt cc ng 200ml dung dch AlCl3 2M. Rt vo cc 200ml dung dch NaOH c nng a mol/lt, ta c mt kt ta; em sy kh v nung n khi lng khng i c 5,1g cht rn. Tnh a. Convert by TVDT 35

Thuviendientu.org
s: 1,5M hay 7,5M Bi 3: C mt dung dch cha 16,8g NaOH tc dng vi dung dch c ha tan 8 gam Fe2(SO4)3. Sau li thm vo 13,68gam Al2(SO4)3. T cc phn ng ta thu c dung dch A c th tch 500ml v kt ta. Tnh nng mol cc cht trong dung dch A. s: [Na2SO4] = 0,36M, [Na Al(OH)4 ] = 0,12M Bi 4: Ha tan 21 gam hn hp gm Al v Al2O3 bng HCl c dung dch A v 13,44 lt H2 (ktc). Tnh th tch dung dch (lt) NaOH 0,5M cn cho vo dung dch A thu c 31,2 gam kt ta. s: 2,4 hoc 4 Bi 5: Ha tan 3,9 gam Al(OH)3 bng 50ml NaOH 3M c dung dch A. Tnh th tch dung dch (lt) HCl 2M cn cho vo dung dch A xut hin tr li 1,56 gam kt ta. s: 0,06 hoc 0,12 Bi 6: Cho 200 ml gm MgCl2 0,3M; AlCl3 0,45 M; HCl 0,55M tc dng hon ton vi V(lt) gm NaOH 0,02M v Ba(OH)2 0,01M. Tnh ga tr ca V(lt) c lng kt ta ln nht v lng kt ta nh nht. s: 12,5lt v 14,75lt Bi 7: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Na2O v Al2O3 tc dng vi H2O cho phn ng hon ton thu c 200 ml dung dch A ch cha mt cht tan duy nht c nng 0,5M. Thi kh CO2 d vo dung dch A c a gam kt ta. Tnh gi tr ca m v a. s: 8,2g v 7,8g Bi 8: Cho 200ml dung dch AlCl3 1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M, lng kt ta thu c l 15,6 gam. Tnh gi tr ln nht ca V. s: 2 lt Bi 9: Thm m gam kali vo 300ml dung dch cha Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M thu c dung dch X. Cho t t dung dch X vo 200ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 0,1M thu c kt ta Y. Tnh gi tr ca m thu c lng kt ta Y ln nht. s: 1,17gam Bi 10: Hn hp X gm Na v Al. Cho m gam X vo mt lng d nc th that ra V lt kh. Nu cng cho m gam X vo dung dch NaOH(d) th c 1,75V lt kh. Tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng ca Na trong X (bit cc th tch kh o trong cng iu kin). s: 29,87% Bi 11: Cho dung dch NaOH 0,3M vo 200 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 0,2M thu c mt kt ta trng keo. Nung kt ta ny n khi lng lng khng i th c 1,02g rn. Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH dng. s: 0,2lt hoc 1 lt Bi 12: Khi cho 130 ml AlCl3 0,1M tc dng vi 20 ml dung dch NaOH, th thu c 0,936gam kt ta. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch NaOH. s: 1,8M hoc 2M DNG 2: PHN NG NHIT NHM Bi 1: Hn hp A gm Al v Fe2O3. Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm hon ton hn hp A thu c hn hp B. Chia hn hp B lm hai phn bng nhau. Phn 1: Tc dng vi dung dch HCl d c 1,12 lt H2 (ktc). Phn 2: Cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thy c 4,4g cht rn khng tan. Tm khi lng mi cht trong hn hp B. s: mFe = 2,8.2 = 5,6(g) ; m Fe2O3 = 1, 6.2 = 3, 2 (g) ; mAl2O3 = 0, 025.2.102 = 5,1(g) Bi 2: Trn 10,8 gam bt nhm vi 34,8g bt Fe3O4 ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm thu c hn hp A. ha tan ht A bng HCl thu c 10,752 lt H2(ktc). Tnh hiu sut phn ng nhit nhm v th tch dung dch HCl 2M cn dng. s: 80% v 1,08lt Bi 3: Nung hn hp A gm Al, Fe2O3 c hn hp B (hiu sut 100%). Ha tan ht B bng HCl d c 2,24 lt kh (ktc), cng lng B ny nu cho phn ng vi dung dch NaOH d thy cn 8,8g rn C. Tnh khi lng cc cht trong hn hp A. 36 Convert by TVDT

Thuviendientu.org
s: mAl=2,7g, mFe2O3=1,12g Bi 4: Hn hp A gm 0,56g Fe, 16g Fe2O3 v x (mol) Al ri nung nhit cao khng c khng kh c hn hp D. Nu cho D tan trong H2SO4 long c V(lt) kh, nhng nu cho D tc dng vi NaOH d th thu c 0,25V lt kh. Tnh gi tr ca x. (cc th tch kh o trong cng iu kin) s: 0,2466 (mol) Bi 5: C 26,8g hn hp bt Al v Fe2O3. Tin hnh nhit nhm cho ti hon ton ri ha tan ht hn hp sau phn ng bng dung dch HCl c 11,2 lt H2(ktc). Tnh khi lng cc cht trong hn hp ban u. s: mAl=10,8g; mFe2O3 =16g Bi 6: Mt hn hp X gm bt Al v Fe3O4. Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm trong mi trng khng c khng kh. Sauk hi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c rn Y. Nu em Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH c d thy thot ra 6,72 lt H2 (ktc). Mt khc, cng lng Y nh trn cho tan ht trong dung dch HCl thu c 26,88 lt H2 (ktc). Tnh khi lng mi cht c trong hn hp X. s: mAl = 27 g; mFe3O4 = 69, 6g Bi 7: Hn hp X gm Al v Fe2O3. Ly 85,6gam X em nung nng thc hin phn ng nhit nhm, sau mt thi gian thu c m gam cht rn Y. Chia Y lm 2 phn bng nhau: - Phn 1: Ha tan trong dung dch NaOH d thy thot ra 3,36lt kh (ktc) v cn li m 1 gam cht khng tan. - Phn 2: Ha tan ht trong dung dch HCl thy thot ra 10,08 lt kh (ktc). Tnh phn trm khi lng Fe trong Y. s: 39,25%

a. 36,56g
2

2-ktc 2

b. 27,05g

c. 24,68g

d. 31,36g
3

b. 10,235g

c. 24,68g
2

a. 56,7375g

b. 32,04g
2O3, 2

c. 47,3925g Fe3O4
2 3

d. 75,828g

a. 242,3g

b. 268,4g
3

c. 189,6g 2(SO4)3

d. 254,9g
2

a. 2

b. 0,75

c. 1,75
2

d. 2,75
2

- ktc?

Convert by TVDT

37

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3

a. 70,84g

b. 74,68g

c. 71,76g 2(SO4)3

d. 80,25g

a. 75,38g -

b. 70,68g 2O3

c. 84,66g

d. 86,28g
2

-ktc

-ktc.
2SO4

a. 300ml Cu 11. b. 450ml

3 2

0,5M?

c. 360ml

d. 600ml

a. 1
2O3,

Al(OH)3
2

2SO4

d. 24,18g 3)3 d. 40,3625%/ 54,1250% 2d. 6,72

a. 25,08g

b. 28,98g

c. 18,78g

a. 46,3725%

b. 48,4375%

c. 54,1250%
3

a. 10,08 Al2(SO4)3 dung a. 28,22%

b. 3,92
2 2

c. 5,04

b. 37,10%

c. 16,43%

d. 12,85%

Convert by TVDT

38

Thuviendientu.org
Cu 16. Cho V1 h AlCl3
3 2 4 1+V2 1

+ V2

a. 700 ml Cu 17. Cho m gam Al2O3

3

b. 760 ml

c. 820 ml

d. 840 ml

a. 11,2%

b. 5,6%
2O3

c. 22,4% 3)3

d. 16,8%
3

a. 255,60g

b. 198,09g

c. 204,48g
2 2(SO4)3

d. 187,44g

a. 1,170

b. 1,248
2

c. 1,950

d. 1,560

- ktc. Cho dung d

a. 18g

b. 20g
3)2

c. 24g
3

d. 30g

2SO4 3)3 3)2

a. 21,3%; 3,78%

b. 2,13%; 37,8% 2(SO4)3

c. 2,13%; 3,78%

d. 21,3%; 37,8%

2(SO4)3

a. 0,125M

b. 0,25M -

c. 0,075M

d. 0,15M

a. Li

b. Na
4 C3

c. K

d. Rb -

a. 0,15g

b. 2,76g

c. 0,69g

d. 4,02g

Convert by TVDT

39

Thuviendientu.org

a. Li

b. Na
3 3)2

c. K

d. Rb

a. 0,3M

b. 0,8M

c. 0,42M

d. 0,45M

a. 59,06%

b. 22,5%
2

c. 67,5%

d. 96,25%

a. 2,32

b. 3,56

c. 3,52

d. 5,36

a. 7,21g
2

b. 8,74g

c. 8,2g
2

d. 8,58g

a. 35,70g b. 38,76g c. 39,78g d. 38,25g

2 2 3

a. 306,45kg

b. 205,83kg 2O3 b. 82,14g

c. 420,56kg

d. 180,96kg
3

n khan? a. 80,94g c. 104,94g d. 90,14g

2 3 3:

CuCl2 a. 2 b. 1,5
2

c. 3
3

d. 5/3
3

sinh ra.
2SO4

a.

a. 2,16g

b. 3,78g

c. 1,08g

d. 3,24g

Convert by TVDT

40

Thuviendientu.org
2O3 2

i H2SO4 d. 26,8g
2

a. 29,5g b. 45,5g 2(SO4)3 c. 38,75g

a. 0,5M

b. 1M

c. 0,6M

d. 0,4M

a. 39,78% Cu 39.

b. 77,31%

c. 49,87% 2O3, Cr2O3 2O3

2O3

d. 29,87%

a. 20,33%

b. 66,67%

c. 50,67% 2O3

d. 36,71%

a. 150
2

b. 100

c. 200

d. 300 2(SO4)3 d. 0,05

2SO4

a. 0,45

b. 0,35
2

c. 0,25 4 C3 c. 0,40

a. 0,55

b. 0,60

d. 0,45 3 1M. Sau d. 54,0

a. 59,4

b. 64,8
2O3

c. 32,4

a. 22,75

2SO4 2

2-

ktc d. 29,43

b. 21,40

c. 29,40
4

2O3 2

c. 80% 41 d. 75%

a. 100% Convert by TVDT

b. 85%

Thuviendientu.org
2SO4

4NO3

d. 45,680g
2O3.

a. 35,786g

b. 40,200g
2O3

c. 42,460g

2 3

Cu 51. Chia 7 a. 53,68%

2O3

23

ktc -k d. 22,44%

b. 25,87%

c. 48,12%

22,95g Al. Hi a. 100% a. 1,26l

b. 85%
3

c. 80%
203

d. 90%
4NO3

b. 1,08l
3)3

c.1,44l 3)2
2

d. 1.68l

a. 9,374g

b. 3,484g
3+

c. 5,614g ; xmol Al ; 0,25mol S0423+

d. 7,244g
2

a. 56,16g Convert by TVDT

b. 62,4g

c. 65,52g 42

d. 54,60g

Thuviendientu.org
2 2(SO4)3

a. 0,12

b. 0,16
2(SO4)3

c. 0,15
2SO4

d. 0,2
2

a. 90,12g
2

b. 87,96g

c. 91,86g

d. 92,45g

a. 0,216g

b. 1,296g

c. 0,189g xOy

d. 1,89g
3

0,05mol NO, 0,03mol N2

xOy

a. 7,29g; FeO

b. 9,72g; Fe3O4

c. 9,72g; Fe2O3

d. 7,29g; Fe3O4 3O4

a. 91,2g
2

b. 114,4g

c. 69,6g 2O3

d. 103,6g

a. 0,25 H2SO4 a. 20,64g

b. 0,3

c. 0,34 2(SO4)3 c. 25,68g

d. 0,4
3

b. 30,96g

d. 41,28g 2SO4 d. 53,2g

3 2(SO4)3 2

a. 50,3g V1
2

b. 65,4g
2

c. 48,3g

0,5M. Cho
2

1:V2

2O3 2SO4 2

d. 31,16

a. 15,68 a. 52,75g

b. 16,8

c. 33,6

b. 39,05g -

c. 34,50g

d. 38,14g
3

Convert by TVDT

43

Thuviendientu.org
2

-ktc. G
2O3

a. 5,4885g H2 a. 24,96g

b. 4,3185g

c. 5,6535g

d. 3,8635g

b. 28,08g
4

c. 26,52g 2(SO4)3. Cho 400ml

d. 27,30g
3 2

3,

FeCl2, FeCl3 a. 2,485%

2 2

b. 3,248%

b c. 2,468%

trong ddX: d. 3,648%

3

a. 140,24g

b. 162,45g

c. 138,62g 2O3
2O3

d. 145,26g

a. 124ml Cu

b. 136ml

c. 148ml 2(SO4)3

d. 160ml

a. 55,78g

a. 8,689%

b. 57,09g 2O3 2(SO4)3 b. 9,665%

c. 54,76g
2O3 2SO4 2(SO4)3

d. 59,08g

c. 12,364% Al: nM Cl3 c. Fe

2

d. 14,248%

a. Zn
2

b. Mg

d. Cr
3

Convert by TVDT

44

Thuviendientu.org
2SO4

a. 64,38g a. 45,69g 1B 11C 21C 31B 41 A 51D 61B 71B 2B 12A 22D 32B 42B 52B 62D 72A 3C 13B 23B 33C 43A 53 A 63D 73C b. 49,29g 4A 14C 24B 34D 44A 54C 64A 74B 5C 15 A 25C 35A 45C 55C 65B 75C c. 41,61g 6D 16B 26B 36B 46A 56A 66A 76B 7A 17C 27B 37B 47B 57C 67D 77B d. 44,67g 8C 18B 28A 38D 48B 58B 68A 78A 9D 19 A 29D 39D 49C 59A 69B 79A b. 66,71g 2O3 c. 68,28g d. 59,72g

Na:

nBa

10B 20B 30A 40D 50C 60A 70C 80D

Cu 1: Cc ng dng ca n c Gia-ven, clorua vi, kali clorat... u da trn c s A. tnh ty trng. B. tnh kh mnh. C. tnh oxi ho mnh. D. tnh st trng. Cu 2: (H B 2008) Dy cc nguyn t sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh phi kim t tri sang phi l A. N, P, F, O. B. N, P, O, F. C. P, N, O, F. D. P, N, F, O. Cu 3: Cho 31,84g hn hp NaX v NaY (X, Y l 2 nguyn t halogen 2 chu k lin tip) vo dung dch AgNO3 d th thu c 57,34g kt ta. Cng thc ca 2 mui l A. NaBr v NaI. B. NaF v NaCl. C. NaCl v NaBr. D. Khng xc nh c. Cu 4: (H A 2007) Cho t t dung dch cha a mol HCl vo dung dch cha b mol Na2CO3 ng thi khuy u, thu c V lt kh ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi cho d nc vi trong vo dung dch X thy c xut hin kt ta. Biu thc lin h gia V vi a, b l A. V = 22,4(a + b). B. V = 11,2(a - b). C. V = 11,2(a + b). D. V = 22,4(a - b). Cu 5: t 11,2 gam bt st trong kh Clo , khi lng sn phm sinh ra l A. 32,5 g B. 162,5 g C. 24,5 g D. 25.4 g Cu 6: (H B 2009) Cho cc phn ng sau 4HCl + PbO2 PbCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O. HCl + NH4HCO3 NH4Cl + CO2 + H2O. 2HCl + 2HNO3 2NO2 + Cl2 + 2H2O. 2HCl + Zn ZnCl2 + H2. S phn ng trong HCl th hin tnh kh l A. 3. B. 1. Cu 7: (H A 2008) Cho cc phn ng sau 4HCl + MnO2 MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O. 2HCl + Fe FeCl2 + H2. Convert by TVDT C. 4. D. 2.

45

Thuviendientu.org
14HCl + K2Cr2O7 2KCl + 2CrCl3 + 3Cl2 + 7H2O. 6HCl + 2Al 2AlCl3 + 3H2. 16HCl + 2KMnO4 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O. S phn ng trong HCl th hin tnh oxi ha l A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 1. Cu 8: Cho 100ml dung dch axit HCl 0,1M tc dng vi 100ml dung dch NaOH thu c dung dch c pH = 12. Nng mol/l ca dung dch NaOH bt u l A. 0,13M. B. 0,12M. C. 0,14M. D. 0,15M. Cu 9: Cho 3,2g hn hp CuO v Fe2O3 tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thu c 2 mui c t l mol 1:1. Khi lng ca CuO v Fe2O3 trong hn hp bt u ln lt l A. 1,1g v 2,1g. B. 1,6g v 1,6g. C. 1,4g v 1,8g. D. 2g v 1,2g. Cu 10: Hy ch ra phng trnh ha hc sai trong cc PTHH sau y A. Cl2 + H2O HCl + HClO B. Br2 + 2NaOH NaBr + NaBrO + H2O C. F2 + H2O 2 HF + O2 D. I2 + NaOH HI + HIO Cu 11: (H B 2008) Cho dy cc cht v ion: Cl2, F2, SO2, Na+, Ca2+, Fe2+, Al3+, Mn2+, S2-, Cl-. S cht v ion trong dy u c tnh oxi ho v tnh kh l A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6. Cu 12: (H A 2009) Nu cho 1 mol mi cht: CaOCl2, KMnO4, K2Cr2O7, MnO2 ln lt phn ng vi lng d dung dch HCl c, cht to ra lng kh Cl2 nhiu nht l A. KMnO4. B. CaOCl2. C. K2Cr2O7. D. MnO2. Cu 13: Ha tan hon ton 7,8g hn hp Mg v Al vo dung dch HCl d. Sau phn ng thy khi lng dung dch tng 7g. S mol HCl tham gia phn ng l A. 0,8 mol. B. 0,04 mol. C. 0,4 mol. D. 0,08 mol. Cu 14: C th iu ch Br 2 trong cng nghip bng cch A. 2AgBr 2Ag + Br2 B. Cl2 + 2HBr 2HCl + Br2 C. 2NaBr + Cl2 2NaCl + Br2 D. 2H2SO4 + 4KBr + MnO2 2K2SO4 + Br2+ 2H2O Cu 15: Cho 5g brom c ln clo vo dung dch cha 1,6g KBr. Sau phn ng lm bay hi dung dch thu c 1,155g cht rn khan. Phn trm khi lng ca clo trong 5g brom trn l A. 13,1%. B. 9,1%. C. 11,1%. D. 7,1%. Cu 16: Cho m gam n cht halogen X2 tc dng vi Mg d thu c 19g mui. Cng m gam X2 cho tc dng vi Al d thu c 17,8g mui. X l A. Flo. B. Clo. C. Iot. D. Brom. Cu 17: (H B 2009) Cho dung dch cha 6,03 gam hn hp gm hai mui NaX v NaY (X, Y l hai nguyn t c trong t nhin, hai chu k lin tip thuc nhm VIIA, s hiu nguyn t ZX < ZY) vo dung dch AgNO3 (d), thu c 8,61 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng ca NaX trong hn hp ban u l A. 52,8%. B. 58,2%. C. 47,2%. D. 41,8%. Cu 18: Cho 12,1 g hn hp 2 kim loi A, B c ho tr (II) khng i tc dng vi dung dch HCl to ra 0, 2 mol H2. Hai kim loi l A. Ba v Cu. B. Mg v Fe. C. Mg v Zn. D. Fe v Zn. Cu 19: (H B 2008) Cho bit cc phn ng xy ra sau: Convert by TVDT 46

Thuviendientu.org
2FeBr2 + Br2 2FeBr3 2NaBr + Cl2 2NaCl + Br2 Pht biu ng l A. Tnh oxi ha ca Br2 mnh hn ca Cl2. B. Tnh oxi ha ca Cl2 mnh hn ca Fe3+. 2+ C. Tnh kh ca Br mnh hn ca Fe . D. Tnh kh ca Cl- mnh hn ca Br -. Cu 20: Khi m mt l ng dung dch axit HCl 37% trong khng kh m, thy c khi trng bay ra. Khi l A. do HCl d bay hi, ht m to ra cc git nh axit HCl. B. do HCl d bay hi to thnh. C. do HCl phn hy to thnh H 2 v Cl2. D. do HCl tan trong nc n mc bo ha. Cu 21: Mui hn tp l mui ca A. mt kim loi khc nhau vi nhiu gc axit. B. mt gc axit vi nhiu kim loi khc nhau. C. mt kim loi vi nhiu loi gc axit khc nhau. D. nhiu kim loi vi nhiu loi gc axit khc nhau. Cu 22: Tnh cht ca axit clohiric A. l axit mnh, c tnh oxi ho, khng c tnh kh. B. l axit mnh, c tnh oxi ho, c tnh kh. C. l axit mnh, tc dng c vi cc kim loi ng trc hiro trong dy in ho, c tnh kh, khng c tnh oxi ho. D. l axit mnh, c tnh kh, khng c tnh oxi ho. Cu 23: Ha tan hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp Na2CO3 v KHCO3 vo dung dch HCl. Dn kh thu c vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d th thu c lng kt ta l A. 10g. B. 100g. C. 1g. D. 0,1g. Cu 24: Cht M l mui canxi halogennua. Cho dung dch cha 0,2g M tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 thu c 0,376g kt ta. M l A. CaCl2. B. CaBr2. C. CaF2. D. CaI2. Cu 25: tc dng va vi hn hp 7,68g FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 cn dng 260ml dung dch HCl 1M. Dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, kt ta thu c em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c m gam cht rn. Gi tr m l A. 9g. B. 8g. C. 7g. D. 6g. Cu 26: (C A 2009) Trong cc cht: FeCl , FeCl , Fe(NO ) , Fe(NO ) , FeSO , Fe (SO ) . S cht c c tnh oxi ho v tnh kh l A. 3. B. 2. C. 5. D. 4. Cu 27: Cho 19,5g Zn phn ng vi 7 lt kh clo (kc) thu c 36,72 gam mui. Hiu sut ca phn ng l A. 70%. B. 80%. C. 60%. D. 90%. Cu 28: Dung dch axit khng th cha trong bnh thu tinh l A. HNO3 B. H2SO4 C. HF D. HCl Cu 29: Ha tan hon ton hn hp kh hidro clorua v hidro bromua vo nc ta thu c dung dch cha hai axit vi nng phn trm bng nhau. Thnh phn % theo th tch ca tng cht trong hn hp kh ban u ln lt l A. 67,94% v 32,06%. B. 69,84% v 30,16%. C. 68,94% v 31,06%. D. 66,94% v 33,06%. Cu 30: Ngun nguyn liu chnh iu ch iot l A. nc mt s h nc mn. B. qung natri iotua. 47 Convert by TVDT
2 3 3 2 3 3 4 2 4 3

Thuviendientu.org
C. nc bin. D. rong bin. Cu 31: Phn ng gia hydro v cht no sau y thun nghch A. Flo. B. Clo. C. Iot. D. Brom Cu 32: Cho 13,6g hn hp Fe v Fe2O3 tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thu c 2,24 lt H2 (kc). Dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi NaOH d, kt ta thu c mang nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c a gam cht rn. Gi tr a l A. 14,8g. B. 18g. C. 16g. D. 20g. Cu 33: (H A 2007) Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta thng iu ch clo bng cch A. in phn dung dch NaCl c mng ngn. B. in phn nng chy NaCl. C. cho F2 y Cl2 ra khi dung dch NaCl. D. cho dung dch HCl c tc dng vi MnO2, un nng. Cu 34: Cho 1,03 gam mui NaX tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d thu c mt kt ta. Kt ta ny em phn hy hon ton cho 1,08g Ag. NaX l A. NaF. B. NaBr. C. NaCl. D. NaI. Cu 35: Kh hiro clorua c th c iu ch bng cch cho mui n (NaCl rn) tc dng vi cht no sau y ? A. H2SO4 c B. H2SO4 long C. NaOH D. H2O Cu 36: Cho 200g dung dch HX (X : F, Cl, Br, I) nng 14,6%. trung ha dung dch trn cn 250 ml dung dch NaOH 3,2 M. Dung dch HX trn l A. HBr B. HCl C. HI D. HF Cu 37: (H B 2007) Cho 13,44 lt kh clo ( ktc) i qua 2,5 lt dung dch KOH 100oC. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 37,25 gam KCl. Dung dch KOH trn c nng l (cho Cl = 35,5; K = 39) A. 0,48M. B. 0,24M. C. 0,4M. D. 0,2M. Cu 38: tc dng ht vi 4,64g hn hp FeO, Fe2O3 , Fe3O4 cn dng va 160ml dung dch HCl 1M. Nu kh hon ton 4,64g hn hp trn bng CO nhit cao th khi lng Fe thu c l A. 3,63g B. 4,36g C. 4,63g. D. 3,36g Cu 39: (H B 2009) Ho tan hon ton 24,4 gam hn hp gm FeCl2 v NaCl (c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 2) vo mt lng nc (d), thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch AgNO3 (d) vo dung dch X, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton sinh ra m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l A. 28,7. B. 68,2. C. 57,4. D. 10,8. Cu 40: c im no di y khng phi l c im chung ca cc nguyn t halogen (F, Cl, Br, I ) A. C s oxi ho -1 trong mi hp cht B. To ra hp cht lin kt cng ho tr co cc vi hidro C. Nguyn t ch co kh nng thu thm 1 e D. Lp electron ngoi cng ca nguyn t c 7 electron Cu 41: Clorua vi c cng thc l A. CaCl2 B. CaOCl C. Ca(OCl)2 D. CaOCl2 Cu 42: Cho 6,96g mangan ioxit tc dng ht vi dung dch axit clohdric c. Th tch kh thu c kc l A. 1,927 lt. B. 1,297 lt. C. 1,972 lt. D. 1,792 lt. Cu 43: (H B 2007) Cho 1,67 gam hn hp gm hai kim loi 2 chu k lin tip thuc nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II) tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), thot ra 0,672 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Hai kim loi l (cho Be = 9, Mg = 24, Ca = 40, Sr = 87, Ba = 137) A. Ca v Sr. B. Sr v Ba. C. Mg v Ca. D. Be v Mg. Cu 44: Ngi ta iu ch c nc clo m khng iu ch c nc flo v A. V flo c tnh oxi ho mnh hn clo rt nhiu , c th bc chy khi tc dng vi nc 48 Convert by TVDT

Thuviendientu.org
B. V flo khng tc dng vi nc . C. V flo c th tan trong nc . D. V mt l do khc . Cu 45: Nguyn tc iu ch flo l A. dng dng in oxi ha ion F trong florua nng chy (phng php in phn hn hp KF v HF). B. cho cc cht c cha ion F tc dng vi cc cht oxi ho mnh. C. cho HF tc dng vi cht oxi ha mnh. D. dng cht c cha F nhit phn ra F. Cu 46: (C A 2009) Cht dng lm kh kh Cl m l A. dung dch H SO m c .
2 4 2

B. Na SO khan.
2 3

C. dung dch NaOH c. D. CaO . Cu 47: (H A 2009) Dy gm cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl long l A. Mg(HCO3)2, HCOONa, CuO. B. AgNO3, (NH4)2CO3, CuS. C. KNO3, CaCO3, Fe(OH)3. D. FeS, BaSO4, KOH. Cu 48: Cho 18,5g KmnO4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl c, d. Th tch kh clo thu c kc l A. 0,28 lt. B. 2,8 lt. C. 5,6 lt. D. 0,56 lt. Cu 49: (H A 2008) oxi ha hon ton 0,01 mol CrCl3 thnh K2CrO4 bng Cl2 khi c mt KOH, lng ti thiu Cl2 v KOH tng ng l A. 0,03 mol v 0,08 mol. B. 0,03 mol v 0,04 mol. C. 0,015 mol v 0,08 mol. D. 0,015 mol v 0,04 mol. Cu 50: Cho V lt dung dch HCl c pH = 2. Pha long dung dch HCl c dung dch c pH = 3 th dung dch HCl sau khi pha l A. 9V. B. 11V. C. 10V. D. 12V. C B C C D 1 11 21 31 41 C C D C D 2 12 22 32 42 A A A D A 3 13 23 33 43 D C B B A 4 14 24 34 44 A D B A A 5 15 25 35 45 D B C B A 6 16 26 36 46 B D D B A 7 17 27 37 47 B A C D C 8 18 28 38 48 B B C B C 9 19 29 39 49 D B D A C 10 20 30 40 50

Chuyn : CROM ST NG ( Phn 1)

Cu 1: Ha tan hon ton 2,81 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,1M (va ). Sau phn ng, hn hp mui khan thu c sau khi c cn dung dch c khi lng l (g) A. 4,81. B. 5,81 C. 6,81. D. 3,81. Cu 2: Vng b ha tan trong dung dch no sau y? A. hn hp 1 th tch HNO3 c v 3 th tch HCl c B. HNO3 C. 3 th tch HNO3 c v 1 th tch HCl c D. H2SO4 c, nng. Cu 3: Nhit phn hon ton 7,2 gam Fe(NO3)2 trong bnh kn, sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn. X l A. FeO. B. hn hp FeO v Fe2O3. C. Fe3O4. D. Fe2O3. Cu 4: Cc cht trong dy no sau y va c tnh oxi ha va c tnh kh? A. CrO3, FeO, CrCl3, Cu2O B. Fe2O3, Cu2O, CrO, FeCl2

Convert by TVDT

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C. Fe2O3, Cu2O, Cr2O3, FeCl2 D. Fe3O4, Cu2O, CrO, FeCl2 Cu 5: nhit thng, kim loi crom c cu trc mng tinh th l A. lp phng tm din. B. lp phng. C. lp phng tm khi. D. lc phng. Cu 6: Ngm mt inh st vo 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 1M, sau mt thi gian thy khi lng inh st tng 0,8 gam. Khi lng ng to ra l: A. 6,9 gam B. 6,4 gam C. 9,6 gam D. 8,4 g Cu 7: Vi s c mt ca oxi trong khng kh, ng b tan trong dung dch H2SO4 theo phn ng sau: A. Cu + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2. B. 2Cu + 2H2SO4 +O2 2CuSO4 + 2H2O C. Cu + 2H2SO4 CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O. D. 3Cu + 4H2SO4 + O2 3CuSO4 + SO2 + 4H2O Cu 8: in phn 500 ml dung dch AgNO3 vi in cc tr cho n khi catot bt u c kh thot ra th ngng. trung ha dung dch sau in phn cn 800 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Thi gian in phn l (giy) (bit khi in phn ngi ta dng dng in cng 20 A) A. 4013. B. 3728. C. 3918. D. 3860. Cu 9: Kh hon ton 6,64 g hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 bng CO d. Dn hn hp kh thu c sau phn ng vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thu c 8 g kt ta. Khi lng st thu c l (g) A. 4,4. B. 3,12. C. 5,36. D. 5,63. Cu 10: Kim loi st c cu trc mng tinh th A. lp phng tm din. B. lp phng tm khi. C. lc phng. D. lp phng tm khi hoc lp phng tm din. Cu 11: Cu no sai trong cc cu sau? A. Crom c tnh kh yu hn st. B. Cr2O3 v Cr(OH)3 c tnh lng tnh. C. Cu2O va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh. D. CuSO4 khan c th dng pht hin nc c ln trong xng hoc du ha. Cu 12: Ha tan hon ton 8,32 g Cu vo dung dch HNO3 thu c dung dch A v 4,928 lit hn hp NO v NO2 (ktc). Khi lng ca 1 lit hn hp 2 kh ny l (g) A. 1.98 B. 1,89 C. 1,78 D. 1,87 Cu 13: Crom c nhiu ng dng trong cng nghip v crom to c A. hp kim c kh nng chng g. B. hp kim nh v c cng cao. C. hp kim c cng cao. D. hp kim c cng cao v c kh nng chng g. Cu 14: Cho cc cht Al, Fe, Cu, kh clo, dung dch NaOH, dung dch HNO3 long. Cht no tc dng c vi dung dch cha ion Fe2+ l A. Al, dung dch NaOH. B. Al, dung dch NaOH, kh clo. C. Al, dung dch HNO3, kh clo. D. Al, dung dch NaOH, dung dch HNO3, kh clo. Cu 15: Cho lung kh H2 d qua hn hp cc oxit CuO, FeO, ZnO v Al2O3 nung nhit cao. Sau phn ng, hn hp cht rn cn li l A. Cu, FeO, ZnO, Al2O3. B. Cu, Fe, ZnO, Al2O3. C. Cu, Fe, ZnO, Al2O3. D. Cu, Fe, Zn, Al. Cu 16: Cho 13,5 gam hn hp A gm Fe v Zn vo 200 ml dung dch Z cha CuCl2 v FeCl3. Phn ng xong thu c cht rn B nguyn cht v dung dch C. Cho C tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c kt ta D v dung dch E. Sc CO2 n d vo dung dch E, lc kt ta em nung n khi lng khng i thu c 8,1 g cht rn. Thnh phn %(m) ca Fe v Zn trong A ln lt l (%) A. 50,85; 49,15. B. 30,85; 69,15. C. 51,85; 48,15. D. 49,85; 50,15. Cu 17: Cho hn hp gm 0,3 mol Fe + 0,15 mol Fe2O3 + 0,1 mol Fe3O4 tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 long thu c dung dch A. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, lc kt ta em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn C. Tnh m (g) A. 70. B. 72. C. 65. D. 75. Cu 18: loi CuSO4 ln trong dung dch FeSO4, cn dng thm cht no sau y? A. Al B. Fe C. Zn D. Ni Cu 19: Hmatit l mt trong nhng qung quan trng ca st. Thnh phn chnh quan trng ca qung l A. FeO. B. Fe2O3. C. Fe3O4. D. FeCO3.

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Cu 20: Cho cc cht Fe, Cu, KCl, KI, H2S. St(III) oxit oxi ha c cc cht A. Fe, Cu, KCl, KI. B. Fe, Cu. C. Fe, Cu, KI, H2S. D. Fe, Cu, KI. Cu 21: Cc hp kim ng c nhiu trong cng nghip v i sng l : Cu Zn (1), Cu Ni (2), Cu Sn (3), Cu Au (4),.. ng thau c dng ch to chi tit my l : A. 4. B. 2. C. 1. D. 3. Cu 22: Ha tan 32 g CuSO4 vo 200 g dung dch HCl 3,285 % thu c dung dch X. Ly 1/3 lng dung dch X em in phn vi in cc tr c mng ngn vi cng dng in I=1,34 A trong 2 gi. Bit hiu sut in phn l 100%. Khi lng kim loi thot ra catot v th tch kh (ktc) thot ra anot ln lt l A. 1,18 g v 1,172 lit. B. 3,2 g v 1,12 lit. C. 1,30 g v 1,821 lit. D. 2,01 g v 2,105 lit. Cu 23: Ngm mt inh st sch trong 200ml dung dch CuSO4 a M. Sau khi phn ng kt thc ly inh st khi dung dch, ra sch, sy kh, thy khi lng inh st tng 0,8 gam, a c gi tr l A. 0,15. B. 0,05 C. 0,0625. D. 0,5. Cu 24: Dy kim loi b th ng trong axit HNO3 c, ngui l A. Fe, Al, Cr B. Fe, Al, Ag C. Fe, Al, Cu D. Fe, Zn, Cr oC Cu 25: Khi t nng crom(VI) oxit trn 200 th to thnh oxi v mt oxit ca cromc mu xanh. Oxit l A. CrO. B. CrO2. C. Cr2O5. D. Cr2O3. Cu 26: Ha tan hon ton 17,4 g hn hp 3 kim loi Al, Fe, Mg trong dung dch HCl thy thot ra 13,44 lit kh H2 (ktc). Mt khc nu cho 8,7 g hn hp tc dng vi dung dch KOH d th thu c 3,36 lit kh H2 (ktc). Cn nu cho 34,8 g hn hp tc dng vi dung dch CuSO4 d, lc ly cht rn thu c sau phn ng tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 th thu c bao nhiu lit khi NO (ktc). (sn phm khng to ra NH4+). A. 4,48 (lit). B. 3,36 (lit). C. 8,96 (lit). D. 17,92 (lit). Cu 27: Ha tan hon ton 10 g hn hp mui khan FeSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3 thu c dung dch A. Cho A phn ng hon ton vi 1,58 g KMnO4 trong mi trng H2SO4. Thnh phn % (m) ca FeSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3 ln lt l A. 76% ; 24%. B. 50%; 50%. C. 60%; 40%. D. 55%; 45%. Cu 28: Cho 3,6 g hn hp CuS v FeS tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 896 ml kh (ktc). Khi lng mui khan thu c l (g) A. 5,61. B. 5,16. C. 4,61. D. 4,16. Cu 29: Nhit phn hon ton 7,2 gam Fe(NO3)2 trong bnh kn, sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn. m c gi tr l: A. 2,88. B. 3,09. C. 3,2. D. khng xc nh c. Cu 30: Kim loi khi tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng cho th tch kh NO2 ln hn c l A. Ag B. Cu C. Zn. D. Fe Cu 31: T qung pirit ng CuFeS2, malachit Cu(OH)2.CuCO3, chancozit Cu2S ngi ta iu ch c ng th c tinh khit 97 98%. Cc phn ng chuyn ha qung ng thnh ng l : A. CuFeS2 CuS CuO Cu. B. CuFeS2 CuO Cu. C. CuFeS2 Cu2S Cu2O Cu. D. CuFeS2 Cu2S CuO Cu. Cu 32: Trong cc phn ng no sau y, phn ng no khng phi l phn ng oxi ha kh? Cu 33: Cho ng tc dng vi tng dung dch sau : HCl (1), HNO3 (2), AgNO3 (3), Fe(NO3)2 (4), Fe(NO3)3 (5), Na2S (6). ng phn ng c vi A. 2, 3, 5, 6. B. 2, 3, 5. C. 1, 2, 3. D. 2, 3. Cu 34: Cho 4,2 gam hn hp gm Mg, Fe, Zn tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th c 2,24 lit kh ( ktc). Khi lng mui khan trong dung dch l (gam) A. 11,5. B. 11,3. C. 7,85. D. 7,75. Cu 35: T qung pirit ng CuFeS2, malachit Cu(OH)2.CuCO3, chancozit Cu2S ngi ta iu ch c ng th c tinh khit 97 98%. thu c ng tinh khit 99,99% t ng th, ngi ta dng phng php in phn dung dch CuSO4 vi A. in cc dng (anot) bng ng th, in cc m (catot) bng l ng tinh khit. B. in cc dng (anot) bng ng th, in cc m (catot) bng than ch. C. in cc dng (anot) bng ng th, in cc m (catot) bng ng th. D. in cc dng (anot) bng than ch, in cc m (catot) bng ng th.

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Cu 36: c im no sau y khng phi l ca gang xm? A. Gang xm km cng v km dn hn gang trng. B. Gang xm nng chy khi ha rn th tng th tch. C. Gang xm dng c cc b phn ca my. D. Gang xm cha nhiu xementit. Cu 37: Crom(II) oxit l oxit A. c tnh baz. B. c tnh kh. C. c tnh oxi ha. D. va c tnh kh, va c tnh oxi ha v va c tnh baz. Cu 38: Chn cu ng trong cc cu sau: A. Gang l hp kim ca st vi cacbon (2 5%). B. Gang xm cha t cacbon hn gang trng. C. Thp l hp kim ca st vi cacbon ( 2 - 4%). D. luyn c nhng loi thp cht lng cao, ngi ta dng phng php l in. Cu 39: Mui amoni icromat b nhit phn theo phng trnh (NH4)2Cr2O7 Cr2O3 + N2 + 4H2O. Khi phn hy 48 g mui ny thy cn 30 gam gm cht rn v tp cht khng b bin i. Phn trm tp cht trong mui l (%) A. 8,5. B. 6,5. C. 7,5. D. 5,5. Cu 40: Trong cng nghip crom c iu ch bng phng php A. nhit luyn. B. thy luyn. C. in phn dung dch. D. in phn nng chy. Cu 41: Trong cc hp cht, crom c s oxi ha ph bin l A. +2, +3, +7. B. +2, +4, +6. C. +2, +3, +6. D. +2, +3, +5, +7. Cu 42: Ngm mt l kim loi c khi lng 10g trong dung dch H2SO4. Sau khi thu c 448 ml kh H2 (ktc) th khi lng kim loi gim 11,2%. Kim loi dng l A. Zn B. Cu C. Fe D. Al Cu 43: Phn ng to x trong l cao l A. CaCO3 CaO + CO2. B. CaO + SiO2 CaSiO3. C. CaO + CO2 CaCO3. D. CaSiO3 CaO + SiO2. Cu 44: Thi mt lung kh CO2 d qua hn hp Fe2O3 v CuO nung nng n phn ng hon ton thu c 3,04 g cht rn. Kh thot ra sc vo bnh nc vi trong d thy c5g kt ta. Khi lng hn hp ban u l (g) A. 3,48. B. 3,84. C. 3,82. D. 3,28. Cu 45: Ha tan a gam crom trong dung dch H2SO4 long, nng thu c dung dch X v 3,36 lit kh (dktc). Cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d trong khng kh n khi lng khng i. Lc, em nung n khi lng khng i th lng cht rn thu c l (gam) A. 7,6. B. 11,4. C. 15 D. 10,2.
HCl Cl 2 Y NaOHdu Br 3 NaOH Cu 46: Cho dy bin i sau: Cr X Z T X, Y, Z, T l A. CrCl2, CrCl3, NaCrO2, Na2CrO7. B. CrCl2, CrCl3, Cr(OH)3, Na2CrO4. C. CrCl2, CrCl3, NaCrO2, Na2CrO4. D. CrCl2, CrCl3, Cr(OH)3, Na2CrO7. Cu 47: Cho 10,8 g hn hp Cr v Fe tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 4,48 lit kh H 2(ktc). Tng khi lng mui khan thu c l (g) A. 18,7. B. 17,7. C. 19,7. D. 16,7. Cu 48: Cho cc cht Al, Fe, Cu, kh clo, dung dch NaOH, dung dch HNO3 long. Cht no tc dng c vi dung dch cha ion Fe3+ l A. Al, Cu, dung dch NaOH, kh clo. B. Al, dung dch NaOH. C. Al, Fe, Cu, dung dch NaOH. D. Al, Cu, dung dch NaOH, kh clo. Cu 49: Cho 0,1 mol FeCl3 tc dng ht vi dung dch Na2CO3 d thu c kt ta X. em nung kt ta nhit cao n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn c khi lng m gam. Gi tr ca m l (g) A. 7,0. B. 8,0. C. 9,0. D. 10,0. Cu 50: Ha tan hon ton 2,56 gam ng vo dung dch HNO3 c. Sc kh thu c vo dung dch NaOH d. Khi lng mui ca natri thu c l (g) A. 6,16. B. 6,18.l C. 7,16. D. 7,18.
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Cu 51: ng l kim loi thuc nhm IB. So vi kim loi nhm IA cng chu k th A. lin kt trong n cht ng km bn hn. B. ion ng c in tch nh hn. C. ng c bn knh nguyn t nh hn. D. kim loi ng c cu to kiu lp phng tm khi, c chc. Cu 52: Khi lng ng thu c catot sau 1 gi in phn dung dch CuSO4 vi cng dng in 2 ampe l (g) A. 2,8. B. 3,0. C. 2,4. D. 2,6. Cu 53: Cc hp kim ng c nhiu trong cng nghip v i sng l : Cu Zn (1), Cu Ni (2), Cu Sn (3), Cu Au (4),.. ng bch dng c tin l : A. 3. B. 4. C. 1. D. 2. Cu 54: T 1 tn qung st cromit (c th vit tt Fe(CrO2)2 ngi ta iu ch c 216 kg hp kim ferocrom (hp kim Fe-Cr) c cha 65% Cr. Gi s hiu sut ca qu trnh l 90%. Thnh phn %(m) ca tp cht trong qung l A. 33,6%. B. 27,2%. C. 30,2% D. 66,4%. Cu 55: Nung hn hp gm bt Al v bt Fe3O4 trong iu kin khng c khng kh (gi s ch xy ra phn ng Al kh oxit st thnh st kim loi). Hn hp sau phn ng, nu cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d th thu c 6,72 lit kh H 2 (ktc); cn nu cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d s thu c 26,88 lit kh H2 (ktc). Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Thnh phn % (m) ca Al v Fe3O4 trong hn hp u l A. 18,20%; 81,80%. B. 22,15%; 77,85%. C. 19,30%; 80,70%. D. 27,95%; 72,05%. Cu 56: Dy cc kim loi c sp xp theo chiu gim dn tnh kh l A. Zn, Cr, Ni, Fe, Cu, Ag, Au B. Zn, Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, Ag, Au C. Fe, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cu, Ag, Au D. Zn, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Ag, Au. Cu 57: Dy cc ion c sp xp theo chiu tnh oxi ha tng dn l: A. Ni2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Ag+, Fe3+, Au3+ B. Fe2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Ag+, Au3+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 3+ + 3+ C. Ni , Fe , Cu , Fe , Ag , Au D. Fe2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Ag+, Fe3+, Au3+ Cu 58: Tng h s ( cc s nguyn, ti gin) ca tt c cc cht trong phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng gia FeSO 4 vi dung dch KMnO4 trong H2SO4 l A. 36 B. 34 C. 35 D. 33 Cu 59: Trong khng kh m, cc vt dng bng ng b bao ph bi lp g mu xanh. Lp g ng l A. (CuOH)2CO3. B. CuCO3. C. Cu2O. D. CuO. Cu 60: Ha tan hon ton y gam mt oxit st bng H2SO4 c nng thy thot ra kh SO2 duy nht. Trong th nghim khc, sau khi kh hon ton cng y gam oxit bng CO nhit cao ri ha tan lng st to thnh bng H 2SO4 c nng th thu c lng kh SO2 nhiu gp 9 ln lng kh SO2 th nghim trn. Cng thc ca oxit st l A. FeO. B. Fe2O3 C. Fe3O4. D. FeCO3. Cu 61: Mui st c dng lm cht dit su b c hi cho thc vt l A. FeCl3. B. FeCl2. C. FeSO4. D. (NH4)2.Fe2(SO4)3.24H2O. Cu 62: Ha tan 9,02 g hn hp A gm Al(NO3)3 v Cr(NO3)3 trong dung dch NaOH d thu c dung dch B. Sc t t CO2 vo B ti d th th thu c 3,68 g kt ta. thnh phn %(m) ca Cr(NO3)3 trong A l A. 91,6%. B. 63,9%. C. 47%. D. 53%. Cu 63: Trong l cao, st oxit c th b kh theo 3 phn ng 3Fe2O3 + CO 2Fe3O4 + CO2 (1) Fe3O4 + CO 3FeO + CO2 (2) oC FeO + CO Fe + CO2 (3) nhit khong 700-800 , th c th xy ra phn ng A. (1). B. (2). C. (3). D. c (1), (2) v (3) Cu 64: t chy st trong khng kh, th phn ng xy ra l A. 3Fe + 2O2 Fe3O4. B. 4Fe + 3O2 2Fe2O3. C. 2Fe + O2 2FeO. D. to hn hp FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4. P N CROM ST NG (phn 1) Cu 1 p n C Cu 20 p n C Cu 39 p n D Cu 58 p n A

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2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 A D D B B B D C D A A C D B C B B B 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 C B D A D D B B C D C A B B A D D D 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 A C C B B B C B C B A C C C D D D A 59 60 61 62 63 64 A C C D D A

Chuyn : CRM ST NG ( Phn 2) CROM Cu 1: Nguyn t 24Cr c bao nhiu electron lp ngoi cng? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 2: Crom c 6 electron ha tr, trong hp cht crom c cc s oxi ha thng gp l: A. +1, +2, +3 B. +2, +4, +6 C. +2, +3, +5 D. +2, +3, +6 Cu 3: Cu hnh electron ca ion Cr3+ l: A. [Ar]3d24s0 B. [Ar]3d34s0 C. [Ar]3d24s1 D. [Ar]3d34s1 Cu 4: Hin tng no di y c m t khng ng? A. Thi kh NH3 qua CrO3 un nng thy cht rn chuyn t mu sang mu lc thm. B. un nng S vi K2Cr2O7 thy cht rn chuyn t mu da cam sang mu lc thm. C. Nung Cr(OH)2 trong khng kh thy cht rn chuyn t mu lc sng sang mu lc thm. D. t CrO trong khng kh thy cht rn chuyn t mu en sang mu lc thm. Cu 5: Crom khng phn ng vi cht no sau y? A. dung dch H2SO4 long un nng B. dung dch NaOH c, un nng C. dung dch HNO3 c, un nng D. dung dch H2SO4 c, un nng Cu 6: dung dch HCl, H2SO4 long s oxi ha crom n mc oxi ha no? A. +2 B. +3 C. +4 D. +6 Cu 7: Al v Cr ging nhau im: A. cng tc dng vi HCl to ra mui c mc oxi ha l +3 B. cng tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d to ra cht Na[M(OH)4] C. cng tc dng vi kh clo to ra mui c dng MCl3 D. cng b th ng trong dung dch nc cng toan Cu 8: Phn ng no sau y khng ng? (trong iu kin thch hp). (Cn bng cc phn ng ng) A. Cr + KClO3 Cr2O3 + KCl B. Cr + KNO3 Cr2O3 + KNO2 C. Cr + H2SO4 Cr2(SO4)3 + H2 D. Cr + N2 CrN Cu 9: Hin nay, t qung cromit (FeO.Cr2O3) ngi ta iu ch Cr bng phng php no sau y? A. tch qung ri thc hin in phn nng chy Cr2O3 B. tch qung ri thc hin phn ng nhit nhm Cr2O3 C. tch qung ri thc hin phn ng kh Cr2O3 bi CO 54 Convert by TVDT

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D. ha tan qung bng HCl ri in phn dung dch CrCl3 Cu 10: Chn pht biu ng: A. CrO va c tnh kh va c tnh lng tnh B. Cr(OH)2 va c tnh kh va c tnh baz C. CrCl2 c tnh kh mnh v tnh oxi ha mnh D. A, B ng Cu 11: Phn ng no sau y sai? A. 2CrO + 2NaOH 2NaCrO2 + H2 B. 4Cr(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4Cr(OH)3 C. 6CrCl2 + 3Br2 4CrCl3 + 2CrBr3 D. Cr(OH)2 + H2SO4 CrSO4 + 2H2O Cu 12: Chn pht biu sai: A. Cr2O3 l cht rn mu lc thm B. Cr(OH)3 l cht rn mu lc xm C. CrO3 l cht rn mu thm D. CrO l cht rn mu trng xanh Cu 13: Ion no no sau y va c tnh kh va c tnh oxi ha? A. Zn2+ B. Al3+ C. Cr3+ D. Fe3+ Cu 14: C bao nhiu phn ng ha hc xy ra khi cho CrO, Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl nng, dung dch NaOH nng: A. 5 B. 6 C. 4 D. 3 Cu 15: Phn ng no sau y khng ng? A. 2Cr3+ + Zn 2Cr2+ + Zn2+ B. 2CrO2- + 3Br2 + 8OH- 2CrO42- + 6Br- + 4H2O 3+ 2+ C. 2Cr + 3Fe 2Cr + 3Fe D. 2Cr3+ + 3Br2 + 16OH- 2CrO42- + 6Br- + 8H2O Cu 16: Cht no sau y khng lng tnh? A. Cr(OH)2 B. Cr2O3 C. Cr(OH)3 D. Al2O3 Cu 17: Chn pht biu ng: A. Trong mi trng axit, ion Cr3+ c tnh kh mnh B. Trong mi trng kim, ion Cr3+ c tnh oxi ha mnh C. Trong dung dch ion Cr3+ c tnh lng tnh D. Trong dung dch ion Cr3+ va c tnh oxi ha va c tnh kh Cu 18: chn pht biu sai: A. CrO3 l oxit axit B. CrO3 c tnh oxi ha mnh C. CrO3 tc dng vi nc to thnh hn hp 2 axit cromic v icromic D. H2CrO4 bn cn H2Cr2O7 km bn d phn hy to CrO3 Cu 19: Axit no sau y c tnh kh mnh nht? A. HNO3 B. H2SO4 C. HCl D. H2CrO4 Cu 20: Phn ng no sau y sai? A. 2CrO3 + 2NH3 Cr2O3 + N2 + 3H2O B. 4CrO3 + 3C 2Cr2O3 + 3CO2 C. 4CrO3 + C2H5OH 2Cr2O3 + 2CO2 + 3H2O D. 2CrO3 + SO3 Cr2O7 + SO2 Cu 21: Trong dung dch 2 ion cromat v icromat cho cn bng thun nghch: 2CrO42- + 2H+ Cr2O72- + H2O Hy chn pht biu ng: A. dung dch c mu da cam trong mi trng bazo B. ion CrO42- bn trong mi trng axit C. ion Cr2O72- bn trong mi trng bazo D. dung dch c mu da cam trong mi trng axit Cu 22: Chn pht biu sai: A. crom c kiu mng lp phng tm khi B. crom l kim loi nn ch to ra oxit bazo C. mt s hp cht ca crom ging hp cht lu hunh D. c th dng crom rch ln b mt thy tinh Cu 23: cc kim loi no sau y lun c bo v trong mi trng khng kh, nc nh lp mng oxit? A. Al, Ca B. Fe, Cr C. Cr, Al D. Fe, Mg Cu 24: Cho dy: R RCl2 R(OH)2 R(OH)3 Na[R(OH)4]. R c th l kim loi no sau y? A. Al B. Cr C. Fe D. Al, Cr Cu 25: Cho kim vo dung dch K2Cr2O7 th c hin tng g xy ra? A. dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang mu da cam 55 Convert by TVDT

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B. dung dch chuyn t mu da cam sang mu vng C. dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang mu xanh tm D. dung dch chuyn t mu da cam sang mu xanh tm Cu 26: Cho Br2 vo dung dch CrCl3 trong mi trng NaOH th sn phm thu c c cha: A. CrBr3 B. Na[Cr(OH)4] C. Na2CrO4 D. Na2Cr2O7 Cu 27: RxOy l mt oxit c tnh oxi ha rt mnh, khi tan trong nc to ra 2 axit km bn (ch tn ti trong dung dch), khi tan trong kim to ion RO42- c mu vng. RxOy l A. SO3 B. CrO3 C. Cr2O3 D. Mn2O7 Cu 28: A l cht bt mu lc thm khng tan trong dung dch long ca axit v kim. Khi nu chy A vi NaOH trong khng kh thu c cht B c mu vng d tan trong nc. B tc dng vi axit chuyn thnh cht C c mu da cam. Cht C b lu hunh kh thnh cht A. Cht C oxi ha HCl thnh kh D. Chn pht biu sai: A. A l Cr2O3 B. B l Na2CrO4 C. C l Na2Cr2O7 D. D l kh H2 Cu 29: Tnh tng h s cn bng trong phn ng: K2Cr2O7 + FeSO4 + H2SO4 ? + ? +? +? A. 20 B. 22 C. 24 D. 26 Cu 30: Cho 0,6 mol KI tc dng ht vi dung dch K2Cr2O7 trong axit sunfuric th thu c mt n cht. Tnh s mol ca n cht ny. A. 0,3 B. 0,4 C. 0,5 D. 0,6 Cu 31: Cho 0,6 mol H2S tc dng ht vi dung dch K2Cr2O7 trong axit sunfuric th thu c mt n cht. Tnh s mol ca n cht ny. A. 0,3 B. 0,4 C. 0,5 D. 0,6 Cu 32: Tnh tng h s cn bng trong phn ng: K2Cr2O7 + SO2 + H2SO4(long) ? + ? +? A. 8 B. 10 C. 12 D. 14 Cu 33: Tnh tng h s cn bng trong phn ng: K2Cr2O7 + KNO2 + H2SO4(long) ? + ? +? +? A. 15 B. 17 C. 19 D. 21 Cu 34: Tnh tng h s cn bng trong phn ng: K2Cr2O7 + C2H5OH + HCl CH3CHO+ ? +? +? A. 22 B. 24 C. 26 D. 28 Cu 35: Khi nung nng 2 mol natri dicromat ngi ta thu c crom(III) oxit, mui v 48 gam oxi. Tnh hiu sut phn ng? A. 70% B. 80% C. 90% D. 100% Cu 36: Khi nhit phn 2mol amoni dicromat ngi ta thu c Cr2O3, H2O v mt n cht. Tnh th tch n cht thu c (ktc). A. 22,4 lit B. 33,6 lit C. 44,8 lit D. 56,0 lit Cu 37: Khi cho m gam kali dicromat tc dng vi dung dch HCl c, d th thu c 6,72 lt kh (ktc). Tnh m. A. 26,4 B. 27,4 C. 28,4 D. 29,4 Cu 38: Cho lng d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch c ha tan 58,4 gam hn hp mui AlCl3 v CrCl3, ri cho tip nc clo. Sau phn ng ngi ta cho thm dung dch BaCl2 d vo th thu c 50,6 gam kt ta. Tnh khi lng ca CrCl3 trong 58,4 gam hn hp. A. 31,7 B. 32,7 C. 33,7 D. 34,7 Cu 39: Ha tan mui kp kali-crom sunfat vo nc th thu c dung dch c mu nh th no? A. mu xanh tm B. mu vng C. mu da cam D. khng mu Cu 40: Cho t t dung dch NaOH vo dung dch cha 9,02 gam hn hp mui nitrat ca nhm (III) v crom (III) cho n khi thu c kt ta ln nht. Lc ly kt ta nung n khi lng khng i thu c 2,54 gam cht rn. Tnh % khi lng ca mui crom. A. 48,36% B. 52,77% C. 61,24% D. 74,12% Cu 41: Cho 100 gam hp kim Al-Cr-Fe tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH thu c 5,04 lit kh (ktc). Ly phn khng tan cho vo dung dch HCl d un nng thu c 38,752 lt kh (ktc). Xc nh % khi lng crom trong hn hp. Convert by TVDT 56

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A. 12,09 B. 13,65 C. 14,56 D. 15,65 Cu 42: Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm vi Cr2O3 th thu c 78 gam crom. Tnh khi lng nhm ti thiu cn dng, bit hiu sut l 80%. A. 16,875 gam B. 40,5gam C. 50,625 gam D. 67,5 gam Cu 43: Khi kh natri dicromat bng than thu c oxit kim loi, mui cacbonat v mt cht kh c tnh kh. Tnh khi lng oxit kim loi iu ch c, bit dng 2,4 gam than v hiu sut phn ng t 80%. A. 15,2 B. 12,16 C. 30,4 D. 24,32 Cu 44: nung nng kali dicromat vi lu hunh thu c mt oxit A v mt mui B. Cho mui B vo dung dch BaCl2 th thu c 46,6 gam kt ta khng tan trong axit. Tnh khi lng A. A. 15,2 B. 12,16 C. 30,4 D. 24,32 Cu 45: Cho axit vo dung dch K2CrO4 th c hin tng g xy ra? A. dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang mu da cam B. dung dch chuyn t mu da cam sang mu vng C. dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang mu xanh tm D. dung dch chuyn t mu da cam sang mu xanh tm Cu 46: Cho K2Cr2O7 d vo V lit dung dch HCl 36,5% (D=1,19 gam/ml) th thu c lng kh oxi ha hon ton 1,12 gam Fe. Tnh V. A. 8,96 ml B. 10,08ml C. 11,76 ml D. 12,42ml ST 1. Trong cc cht : FeCl2, FeCl3, Fe(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3. S cht c c tnh oxi ho v tnh kh l A.4 B.2 C.5 D.3 2. Cho 16 gam hn hp X gm FeO v FeS tc dng va vi H2SO4 long d c 2,24 lt kh H2S (ktc). Thnh phn % v khi lng ca FeO c trong X l A. 40% B. 45% C. 55% D. 60% 3. Ho tan 5,6 gam Fe bng dung dch H2SO4 long (d), thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X phn ng va vi V ml dung dch KMnO4 0,5M. Gi tr ca V l A. 20 B. 40 C. 60 D. 80 4. ha tan hon ton 2,32 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 (trong s mol FeO bng s mol Fe2O3), cn dng va V lt dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l A.0,23. B.0,08. C.0,16. D.0,18. 5. kh ht cng mt lng FeCl3 th trong phn ng xy ra gia cc cp cht di y, trng hp no s mol cht kh s dng l nhiu nht ? A. Fe + FeCl3 B.Cu + FeCl3 C.H2S + FeCl3 D.KI + FeCl3 6. Ha tan hon ton Fe3O4 trong dung dch H2SO4 long (d) c dung dch X1. Cho lng d bt Fe vo dung dch X1 (trong iu kin khng c khng kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X2 cha cht tan l A. FeSO4. B.Fe2(SO4)3. C.FeSO4 v H2SO4. D.Fe2(SO4)3 v H2SO4. 7. Cho tng cht: Fe, FeO, Fe(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, Fe(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3, FeCO3 ln lt phn ng vi HNO3 c, nng. S phn ng thuc loi phn ng oxi ho - kh l A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8 8. Cho m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 vo mt lng va dung dch HCl 2M, thu c dung dch Y c t l s mol Fe2+ v Fe3+ l 1 : 2. Chia Y thnh hai phn bng nhau. C cn phn mt thu c m1 gam mui khan. Sc kh clo (d) vo phn hai, c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m 2 gam mui khan. Bit m2 - m1 = 0,71. Th tch dung dch HCl dng l A. 160 ml B.320 ml C.80 ml D.240 ml 9. Cho 100 ml dung dch FeCl2 1,2M tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch AgNO3 2M, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l A. 47,40 B.12,96 C.34,44 D.30,18 Convert by TVDT 57

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10. Cho hn hp X gm 0,01 mol FeS2 v 0,01 mol FeS tc dng vi H2SO4 c to thnh Fe2(SO4)3, SO2 v H2O. Lng SO2 sinh ra lm mt mu V lt dung dch KMnO4 0,2M. Gi tr ca V l: A. 0,12 B.0,36 C.0,24 D.0,48 11. Cho 61,2 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long, un nng v khuy u. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 3,36 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc), dung dch Y v cn li 2,4 gam kim loi. C cn dung dch Y, thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 137,1. B.97,5. C.151,5. D.108,9. 12. Cho dy cc cht: FeO, Fe(OH)2, FeSO4, Fe3O4, Fe2(SO4)3, Fe2O3. S cht trong dy b oxi ha khi tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng l A. 4. B.6. C.5. D.3. 13. Ho tan 44,4 gam hn hp X gm Fe v FeO vo HNO3 long c dung dch Y, 8,4 gam kim loi v 6,72 lt kh NO (ktc). S mol HNO3 tham gia phn ng l: A. 0,5 B.1,25 C.1,0 D.1,5 14. Nung mt hn hp rn gm a mol FeCO3 v b mol FeS2 trong bnh kn cha khng kh (d). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, a bnh v nhit ban u, thu c cht rn duy nht l Fe2O3 v hn hp kh. Bit p sut kh trong bnh trc v sau phn ng bng nhau, mi lin h gia a v b l (bit sau cc phn ng, lu hunh mc oxi ho +4, th tch cc cht rn l khng ng k). A. a = 4b B.a = b C.a = 0,5b D.a = 2b 15. Cho 9,12 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, c dung dch Y; c cn Y thu c 7,62 gam FeCl2 v m gam FeCl3. Gi tr ca m l : A. 6,50 B.9,75 C.8,75 D.7,80 16. Ho tan hon ton 24,4 gam hn hp gm FeCl2 v NaCl (c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 2) vo mt lng nc (d), thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch AgNO3 (d) vo dung dch X, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton sinh ra m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l A. 28,7 B.57,4 C.68,2 D.10,8 17. Cho 12 gam hn hp X gm Fe v Cu tc dng ht vi H2SO4 c nng d thu c m gam mui v 5,6 lt kh SO2 (ktc). Cho 1,4 gam Fe vo dung dch cha m gam mui trn. Tng khi lng mui thu c l A. 29,8 gam B.27,4 gam C.21,4 gam D.37,4 gam 18. Khi nung hn hp cc cht Fe(NO3)2, Fe(OH)3 v FeCO3 trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c mt cht rn l A. Fe3O4. B. Fe2O3. C. Fe. D. FeO. 19. Hn hp X cha Fe2O3 (0,1 mol) Fe3O4 (0,1 mol) FeO (0,2 mol) v Fe (0,1 mol). Cho X tc dng vi HNO3 long d, thu c kh NO. S mol HNO3 tham gia phan ng bng: A. 2,4 mol B.2,3 mol C.2,6 mol D.2,0 mol 20. Cho 40 gam hn hp X gm Fe v FeS tc dng va vi m gam dung dch H 2SO4 long thu c dung dch Y v 6,72 lt (00C v 2 atm) hn hp kh Z. Cho Cl2 d vo dung dch Y, c cn dung dch thu c p gam mui khan. Gi tr ca p l: A. 56,30 gam B.56,25 gam C.112,40 gam D.112,50 gam 21. Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,12 mol FeS2 v a mol Cu2S vo axit HNO3 (va ), thu c dung dch X (ch cha hai mui sunfat) v kh duy nht NO. Gi tr ca a l A. 0,06. B. 0,04. C. 0,12. D. 0,075. 22. Cho 20 gam hn hp X gm Fe v FeS tc dng va vi m gam dung dch H 2SO4 long thu c 6,72 lt (ktc) hn hp kh Z. Cho 10 gam hn hp X tc dng ht vi H2SO4 c nng th lng SO2 sinh ra lm mt mu bao nhiu lt dung dch KMnO4 0,05M. A. 0,5 B.0,3 C.1,5 D.3,0 23. Cho phng trnh ha hc: Fe3O4 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + H2O Sau khi cn bng phng php ha hc trn vi h s ca cc cht l nhng s nguyn, ti gin th h s ca HNO3 l A. 23x 9y. B.13x 9y. C.46x 18y. D.45x 18y. Convert by TVDT 58

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24. Ho tan 10 gam hn hp X gm Fe2O3 v Cu trong dung dch HCl khi axit ht, ngi ta thy cn li 5,52 gam Cu. Thnh phn % khi lng ca Fe2O3 ban u l A. 32 % B.44,8% C.23% D.48,4 % 25. Ha tan 48,8 gam hn hp X gm Cu v mt oxit st trong lng d dung dch HNO3 thu c dung dch A v 6,72 L kh NO duy nht (ktc). C cn dung dch A thu c 147,8 gam cht rn. Cng thc ca oxit st l : A. FeO B.Fe3O4 C.Fe2O3 D.FeO2 26. Nung n hon ton 0,05 mol FeCO3 trong bnh kn cha 0,01 mol O2 thu c cht rn A. ha tan ht A bng dung dch HNO3 c, nng th s mol HNO3 ti thiu cn dng l : A. 0,14 mol. B. 0,15 mol. C. 0,16 mol. D. 0,18 mol 27. Ha tan ht hn hp cha 10 gam CaCO3 v 17,4 gam FeCO3 bng dung dch HNO3 long, nng. S mol HNO3 tham gia phn ng bng : A. 0,2 mol. B. 0,5 mol C. 0,7 mol D. 0,8 mol 28. un nng 0,3 mol bt Fe vi 0,2 mol bt S n phn hon ton c hn hp A. Ha tan ht A bng dung dch HCl d thu c kh D. T khi hi ca D so vi khng kh bng : A. 0,8046 B. 0,7586 C. 0,4368 D. 1,1724 NG 1. Cu (Z = 29), cu hnh electron nguyn t ca ng l A. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d9 B. 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10 2 2 6 2 6 9 2 C. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1 2. Pht biu no khng ng v v tr ca ng trong bng tun hon ? A. ng chu k 4 B. ng nhm IA C. ng l kim loi chuyn tip D. ng l nguyn t d. 3. Pht biu no khng ng ? A. ng phn ng vi HNO3 long gii phng N2 B. ng phn ng vi oxi (800-10000C) to ra Cu2O. C. Khi c mt oxi, Cu phn ng vi dung dch HCl. D. Cu phn ng vi lu hunh to CuS. 4. ng thau l A. hp kim Cu-Zn (45%Zn) B. hp kim Cu-Ni (25%Ni) C. hp kim Cu-Sn D. hp kim Cu-Au 5. nhn bit ion NO3 ngi ta thng dng Cu v dung dch H2SO4 long v un nng, v: A. Phn ng to ra dung dch c mu vng nht B. Phn ng to ra dung dch c mu xanh v kh khng mi lm xanh giy qu m C. Phn ng to ra kt ta mu xanh D. Phn ng to dung dch c mu xanh v kh khng mu ho nu trong khng kh. 6. Cho 3,2 gam bt Cu tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO3 0,8M v H2SO4 0,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, sinh ra V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca V l A. 1,792 B.0,746 C.0,672 D.0,448 7. Nhit phn hon ton 34,65 gam hn hp gm KNO3 v Cu(NO3)2, thu c hn hp kh X (t khi ca X so vi kh hiro bng 18,8). Khi lng Cu(NO3)2 trong hn hp ban u l A. 9,40 gam. B.11,28 gam. C.8,60 gam. D.20,50 gam. 8. Trong pin in ha Zn-Cu, qu trnh kh trong pin l A. Zn Zn2+ + 2e. B. Cu Cu2+ + 2e. C. Cu2+ + 2e Cu. D. Zn2+ + 2e Zn. 9. Nhng mt thanh st nng 100 gam vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO3)2 0,2M v AgNO3 0,2M. Sau mt thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra, ra sch lm kh cn c 101,72 gam (gi thit cc kim loi to thnh u bm ht vo thanh st). Khi lng st phn ng l A. 0,84 gam B.1,72 gam C.2,16 gam D. 1,40 gam

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10. Cho m gam hn hp bt Zn v Fe vo lng d dung dch CuSO4. Sau khi kt thc cc phn ng, lc b phn dung dch thu c m gam bt rn. Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca Zn trong hn hp bt ban u l A. 12,67%. B. 90,27%. C. 82,20%. D. 85,30%. 11. Cho 61,2 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long, un nng v khuy u. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 3,36 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc), dung dch Y v cn li 2,4 gam kim loi. C cn dung dch Y, thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 97,5. B.108,9. C.137,1. D.151,5. 12. Cho m gam hn hp X gm Al, Cu vo dung dch HCl (d), sau khi kt thc phn ng sinh ra 3,36 lt kh ( ktc). Nu cho m gam hn hp X trn vo mt lng d axit nitric (c, ngui), sau khi kt thc phn ng sinh ra 6,72 lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m l : A. 10,5 B.11,5 C.12,3 D.15,6 13. Thc hin hai th nghim: 1) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch HNO3 1M thot ra V1 lt NO. 2) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch cha HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0,5 M thot V2 lt NO. Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht, cc th tch kh o cng iu kin. Quan h gia V1 v V2 l A. V2 = V1. B. V2 = 2V1. C. V2 = 2,5V1. D. V2 = 1,5V1. 14. Cho m1 gam Al vo 100 ml dung dch gm Cu(NO3)2 0,3M v AgNO3 0,3M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton th thu c m2 gam cht rn X. Nu cho m2 gam X tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl th thu c 0,336 lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca m1 v m2 ln lt l A. 8,10 v 5,43 B.1,08 v 5,43 C.1,08 v 5,16 D.0,54 v 5,16 2+ 15. Th t mt s cp oxi ho - kh trong dy in ho nh sau. Fe /Fe; Cu2+/Cu; Fe3+/Fe2+. Cp cht khng phn ng vi nhau l A. dung dch FeCl2 v dung dch CuCl2. B. Fe v dung dch FeCl3. C. Cu v dung dch FeCl3. D. Fe v dung dch CuCl2. 16. Oxi ha hon ton 15,1 g hn hp bt cc kim loi Cu, Zn, Al bng oxi thu c 22,3 g hn hp cc oxit. Cho lng oxit ny tan trong lng va dung dch HCl. Khi lng mui khan thu c l (g) A. khng xc nh c. B. 63,9. C. 31,075. D. 47,05. 17. Trng hp xy ra phn ng l A. Cu + Pb(NO3)2 (long) B.Cu + HCl (long) C.Cu + HCl (long) + O2 D.Cu + H2SO4 (long) 18. Hin tng quan st c khi cho Cu vo dung dch HNO3 c l: A. Dung dch khng i mu v c kh mu nu thot ra B. Dung dch chuyn sang mu nu , c kh mu xanh thot ra C. Dung dch chuyn sang mu xanh v c kh khng mu thot ra D. Dung dch chuyn sang mu xanh v c kh mu nu thot ra 63 65 19. Trong t nhin, nguyn t ng c hai ng v l 29 Cu v 29 Cu . Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca ng l
65 63,54. Thnh phn phn trm tng s nguyn t ca ng v 29 Cu l A. 73%. B. 27%. C. 54%. D. 50%. 20. Khi ha tan hiroxit kim loi M(OH)2 bng mt lng va dung dch H2SO4 20% thu c dung dch mui trung ho c nng 27,21%. Kim loi M l A. Cu. B.Fe. C. Zn. D.Mg. 21. Mt dung dch cha 0,02 mol Cu2+, 0,03 mol K+, x mol Cl v y mol SO42. Tng khi lng cc mui tan c trong dung dch l 5,435 gam. Gi tr ca x v y ln lt l A. 0,03 v 0,02. B. 0,05 v 0,01. C. 0,02 v 0,05. D. 0,01 v 0,03. 22. kh ion Fe3+ trong dung dch thnh ion Fe2+ c th dng mt lng d A. kim loi Cu. B.kim loi Mg. C.kim loi Ag. D.kim loi Ba. 23. Hai kim loi c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch l A. Cu v Ag. B.Na v Fe. C.Al v Mg. D.Mg v Zn.

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24. Cho hn hp Fe, Cu phn ng vi dung dch HNO3 long. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, thu c dung dch ch cha mt cht tan v kim loi d. Cht tan l A. Cu(NO3)2. B. Fe(NO3)2. C. Fe(NO3)3. D. HNO3. 25. Cho cc phn ng: (1) Cu2O + Cu2S t (2) Cu(NO3)2 t (3) CuO + CO t (4) CuO + NH3 t S phn ng to ra kim loi Cu l A. 2. B. 4. C. 3. D. 1. 26. Cho sut in ng chun E0 ca cc pin in ho : E0(Cu-X) = 0,46V, E0(Y-Cu) = 1,1V; E0(Z-Cu) = 0,47V (X, Y, Z l ba kim loi). Dy cc kim loi xp theo chiu tng dn tnh kh t tri sang phi l A. Z, Y, Cu, X B.Y, Z, Cu, X C.X, Cu, Z, Y D.X, Cu, Y, Z 27. Cho phn ng ha hc: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu. Trong phn ng trn xy ra A. s oxi ha Fe v s kh Cu2+ B.s oxi ha Fe v s oxi ha Cu. 2+ C. s kh Fe v s oxi ha Cu. D.s kh Fe2+ v s kh Cu2+ 28. Nung 6,58 gam Cu(NO3)2 trong bnh kn khng cha khng kh, sau mt thi gian thu c 4,96 gam cht rn v hn hp kh X. Hp th hon ton X vo nc c 300 ml dung dch Y. Dung dch Y c pH bng A. 4. B.3. C.1. D.2. 29. Nh t t dung dch NH3 cho n d vo ng nghim ng dung dch CuSO4. Hin tng quan st c l: A. Dung dch mu xanh chuyn sang mu xanh thm B.C kt ta mu xanh lam to thnh C. C kt ta xanh lam to thnh v c kh bay ra. D. Lc u c kt ta mu xanh nht, sau kt ta tan dn to thnh dung dch mu xanh thm 30. Tng h s (cc s nguyn, ti gin) ca tt c cc cht trong phng trnh phn ng gia Cu vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng l A. 8. B. 10. C. 11. D. 9. 31. Cho m gam bt Fe vo 800 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO3)2 0,2M v H2SO4 0,25M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,6m gam hn hp bt kim loi v V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l A. 10,8 v 2,24. B.10,8 v 4,48. C.17,8 v 4,48. D.17,8 v 2,24. 32. Cho 2,13 gam hn hp X gm ba kim loi Mg, Cu v Al dng bt tc dng hon ton vi oxi thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit c khi lng 3,33 gam. Th tch dung dch HCl 2M va phn ng ht vi Y l A. 57ml. B.50 ml. C.75 ml. D.90 ml. 33. in phn c mng ngn 500 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm CuCl2 0,1M v NaCl 0,5M (in cc tr, hiu sut in phn 100%) vi cng dng in 5A trong 3860 giy. Dung dch thu c sau in phn c kh nng ho tan m gam Al. Gi tr ln nht ca m l A. 4,05 B.1,35 C.5,40 D.2,70 34. Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng ho hc l A. Cu + dung dch FeCl2. B.Fe + dung dch FeCl3. C. Fe + dung dch HCl. D.Cu + dung dch FeCl3. 2+ 35. kh ion Cu trong dung dch CuSO4 c th dng kim loi A. Fe. B.Na. C.Ba. D.K. 36. Cho mt lng bt Zn vo dung dch X gm FeCl2 v CuCl2 . Khi lng cht rn sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton nh hn khi lng bt Zn ban u l 0,5 gam. C cn phn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 13,6 gam mui khan. Tng khi lng cc mui trong X l A. 19,5 gam B.17,0 gam C.13,1 gam D.14,1 gam 37. Ho tan hon ton 1,23 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Al vo dung dch HNO3 c, nng thu c 1,344 lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch Y. Sc t t kh NH3 (d) vo dung dch Y, sau khi phn
0 0 0 0

Convert by TVDT

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ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam kt ta. Phn trm v khi lng ca Cu trong hn hp X v gi tr ca m ln lt l A. 21,95% v 2,25 B.21,95% v 0,78 C.78,05% v 2,25 D.78,05% v 0,78 38. Cho sut in ng chun ca cc pin in ha: Zn-Cu l 1,1 V; Cu-Ag l 0,46 V. Bit th in cc chun 0 0 0 E Ag / Ag 0,8V . Th din cc chun EZn2 / Zn v ECu2 /Cu c gi tr ln lt l A. 1,56 V v +0,64 V B. 1,46 V v 0,34 V C. 0,76 V v + 0,34V D.+1,56 V v +0,64 V 39. Nhng mt l kim loi M (ch c ho tr hai trong hp cht) c khi lng 50 gam vo 200 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M cho n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. Lc dung dch, em c cn thu c 18,8 gam mui khan. Kim loi M l A. Mg B.Cu C.Zn D.Fe 40. in phn dung dch CuCl2 vi in cc tr, sau mt thi gian thu c 0,32 gam Cu catt v mt lng kh X ant. Hp th hon ton lng kh X trn vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH ( nhit thng). Sau phn ng, nng NaOH cn li l 0,05M (gi thit th tch dung dch khng thay i). Nng ban u ca dung dch NaOH l A. 0,2M. B. 0,1M. C. 0,15M. D. 0,05M. 41. Nung mt lng mui Cu(NO3)2. Sau mt thi gian dng li, ngui v em cn th khi lng gim i 54 g. Khi lng Cu(NO3)2 b phn hu l: A. 0,49 gam B.18,8 gam C.0,94 gam D.94 gam HP CHT AXIT HU C Cu 1: phn bit 3 mu ha cht ring bit: phenol, axit acrylic, axit axetic bng mt thuc th, ngi ta dng thuc th A. dung dch Na2CO3. B. CaCO3. C. dung dch Br2. D. dung dch AgNO3/NH3. Cu 2: C th iu ch CH3COOH t A. CH3CHO. B. C2H5OH. C. CH3CCl3. D. Tt c u ng. Cu 3: Cho cc cht: CaC2 (I), CH3 CHO (II), CH3 COOH (III), C2H2 (IV). S chuyn ha ng iu ch axit axetic l A. I IV II III. B. IV I II III. C. I II IV III. D. II I IV III. Cu 4: phn bit axit propionic v axit acrylic ta dng A. dung dch Na2CO3. B. dung dch Br2. C. dung dch C2H5OH. D. dung dch NaOH. Cu 5: Nhit si ca cc cht c sp xp theo th t tng dn l A. CH3OH < CH3CH2COOH < NH3 < HCl B. C2H5Cl < CH3COOH < C2H5OH. C. C2H5Cl < CH3COOCH3 < C2H5OH < CH3COOH. D. HCOOH < CH3OH < CH3COOH < C2H5F. Cu 6: Hp cht CH3 CH2(CH3) CH2 CH2 CH(C2H5) COOH c tn quc t l A. axit 2 etyl 5 metyl hexanoic. B. axit 2 etyl 5 metyl nonanoic. C. axit 5 etyl 2 metyl hexanoic. D. tn gi khc. Cu 7: C th phn bit CH3CHO v C2H5OH bng phn ng vi A. Na. B. Cu(OH)2 / NaOH. C. AgNO3/NH3. D. Tt c u ng. Cu 8: Hn hp X gm 2 axit no A1 v A2. t chy hon ton 0,3 mol X thu c 11,2 lt CO2 (kc). trung ha 0,3 mol X cn 500ml dung dch NaOH 1M. CTCT ca 2 axit l A. HCOOH v C2H5COOH. B. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH. C. HCOOH v HOOC COOH. D. CH3COOH v HOOC CH2 COOH. Convert by TVDT 62

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Cu 9: Trung ha a mol axit hu c A cn 2a mol NaOH. t chy ht a mol A c 2a mol CO2. A l A. axit n chc no. B. HOOC COOH. C. axit n chc khng no. D. CH3COOH. Cu 10: t chy hon ton 4,38g mt axit E no, mch thng thu c 4,032 lt CO2 (kc) v 2,7g H2O. CTCT ca E l A. CH2 = C (CH3) COOH. B. HOOC (CH2)4 COOH. C. CH3COOH. D. C17H35COOH. Cu 11: Gim n l dung dch CH3COOH c nng A. 2% 5%. B. 10% 20%. C. 20% 30%. D. Kt qu khc. Cu 12: C4H6O2 c s ng phn mch h thuc chc axit l A. 4. B. 3. C. 5. D. tt c u sai. Cu 13: Hai hp cht hu c X v Y c cng CTPT C3H4O2 . X tc dng vi CaCO3 to ra CO2. Y tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to Ag. CTCT thu gn ph hp ca X, Y ln lt l A. HCOOCH = CH2, CH3COOCH3. B. CH3 CH2 COOH , HCOOCH2 CH3. C. HCOO CH = CH2, CH3 CH2 COOH. D. CH2 = CH COOH, HOC CH2 CHO.

Cu 14: Axit khng no, n chc c mt lin kt i trong gc hidrocacbon c cng thc ph hp l A. CnH2n+1-2kCOOH ( n 2). B. RCOOH. C. CnH2n-1COOH ( n 2). D. CnH2n+1COOH ( n 1). Cu 15: Trung ha hon ton 1,8g mt axit hu c n chc bng dung dch NaOH va ri c cn dung dch sau phn ng c 2,46g mui khan. Axit l A. HCOOH. B. CH2 = CH COOH. C. CH3 CH2 COOH. D. CH3COOH. Cu 16: t chy ht 10ml th tch hi mt hp cht hu c A cn dng 30 ml O2 , sn phm thu c ch gm CO2 v H2O c th tch bng nhau v u bng th tch O2 phn ng. CTPT ca A l A. C2H4O2. B. C3H6O3. C. C3H6O2. D. C4H8O2. Cu 17: Axit axetic khng tc dng vi dung dch A. etylat natri. B. amoni cacbonat. C. phenolat natri. D. tt c u khng phn ng. o Cu 18: Th tch H2 (0 C v 2 atm) va tc dng vi 11,2 g andehit acrylic l A. 4,48 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 0,448 lt. D. 0,336 lt. Cu 19: phn bit HCOOH v CH3COOH ta dng A. Na. B. AgNO3/NH3. C. CaCO3. D. NaOH. Cu 20: Dn 1 mol ancol etylic i qua ng ng CuO nung nng, sau phn ng cn li thy khi lng CuO gim i 8g. khi lng andehit to thnh l A. 23g. B. 22g. C. 11g. D. 4,6g. Cu 21: phn bit 3 dung dch ring bit: axit axetic, axit acrylic, axit fomic ngi ta dng theo th t cc thuc th sau A. dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d, dung dch Br2. B. dung dch Br2, dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d. C. Na, dung dch Br2. D. dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d, Na2CO3.
CH3OH Cu 22: Cho chui phn ng: C2H6O X axit axetic Y. CTCT ca X, Y ln lt l A. CH3CHO , CH3 CH2 COOH. B. CH3CHO , CH3COOCH3. C. CH3CHO , CH2 (OH) CH2 CHO. D. CH3CHO , HCOOCH2 CH3. Cu 23: Z l mt axit hu c. t chy 0,1 mol Z cn 6,72 lt O2 (kc). CTCT ca Z l

Convert by TVDT

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A. CH3COOH. B. CH2 = CH COOH. C. HCOOH. D. Kt qu khc. Cu 24: Axit hu c A c thnh phn nguyn t gm 40,68% C; 54,24% O. trung ha 0,05 mol A cn 100ml dung dch NaOH 1M. CTCT ca A l A. HOOC CH2 CH2 COOH. B. HOOC CH (CH3) CH2 COOH. C. HOOC CH2 COOH. D. HOOC COOH. Cu 25: Tr s pH ca cc axit CH3COOH, HCl, H2SO4 c sp xp theo th t tng dn l A. H2SO4 , CH3COOH , HCl. B. CH3COOH, HCl , H2SO4. C. H2SO4 , HCl , CH3COOH. D. HCl, CH3COOH, H2SO4. Cu 26: Nhit si ca mi cht tng ng trong dy cc cht sau y, dy no hp l nht? C2H5OH HCOOH CH3COOH A. 118,20C 78,30C 100,50C 0 0 B. 118,2 C 100,5 C 78,30C C. 100,50C 78,30C 118,20C 0 0 D. 78,3 C 100,5 C 118,20C Cu 27: t chy hon ton 0,44g mt axit hu c, sn phm chy cho hp th hon ton vo bnh 1 ng P2O5, bnh 2 ng dung dch KOH. Sau th nghim thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 0,36g v bnh 2 tng 0,88g. Mt khc phn ng ht vi 0,05 mol axit cn dng 250ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. CTPT ca axit l A. C4H8O2. B. C5H10O2. C. C2H6O2. D. C2H4O2. Cu 28: Trng gng hon ton hp cht hu c X bng AgNO3/NH3 thu c hn hp sn phm ch gm cc cht v c. X c cu to A. HCHO. B. HCOONH4. C. HCOOH. D. Tt c u ng. Cu 29: CTGN ca mt axit hu c X l (CHO)n . t chy 1 mol X thu c di 6 mol CO2. CTCT ca X l A. CH3COOH. B. CH2 = CH COOH. C. HOOC CH = CH COOH. D. Kt qu khc. Cu 30: Mun trung ha 6,72g mt axit hu c A cn dng 200g dung dch NaOH 2,24%. A l A. CH3COOH. B. CH3 CH2 COOH. C. HCOOH. D. CH2 = CH COOH. Cu 31: Mt axit no c cng thc (C2H3O2)n th CTPT ca axit l A. C6H9O6. B. C2H3O2. C. C4H6O4. D. C8H12O8. Cu 32: t chy ht 1 th tch hi axit A thu c 2 th tch CO2 o cng iu kin, A l A. HCOOH. B. HOOC COOH. C. CH3COOH. D. B v C ng. Cu 33: Cht c nhit si cao nht l A. CH3CHO. B. C2H5OH. C. CH3COOH. D. C2H6. Cu 34: t chy ht 1 th tch hi axit hu c A c 3 th tch hn hp CO2 v hi nc khi o cng iu kin. CTPT ca A l A. HCOOH. B. CH3COOH. C. HOOC COOH. D. HOOC CH2 COOH. Cu 35: C th phn bit HCOOCH3 v CH3COOH bng A. AgNO3/NH3 B. CaCO3. C. Na. D. Tt c u ng. Cu 36: Nhit si ca ancol etylic (I), andehit axetic (II), axit axetic (III) v axit propionic (IV) sp xp theo th t gim dn l A. IV > I > III > II. B. IV > III > I > II. C. II > III > I > IV. D. I > II > III > IV. Convert by TVDT 64

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Cu 37: t chy ht 8,8g hn hp ankanal A v ankanol B (cng s Cacbon) thu c 19,8g CO2 v 9g H2O. CTPT ca A l A. CH3CHO. B. (CH3)2 CH CHO. C. CH3 CH2 CHO. D. HCHO. Cu 38: Th t sp xp theo s tng dn tnh axit ca CH3COOH, C2H5OH, CO2 v C6H5OH l A. C6H5OH < CO2 < CH3COOH < C2H5OH B. CH3COOH < C6H5OH < CO2 < C2H5OH C. C2H5OH < C6H5OH < CO2 < CH3COOH D. C2H5OH < CH3COOH < C6H5OH < CO2 Cu 39: Trong dy ng ng ca cc axit n chc no, HCOOH l axit c mnh trung bnh, cn li l axit yu (in li khng hon ton). Dung dch axit axetic c nng 0,01 mol/l c pH l A. 3 < pH < 7. B. < 3. C. 3. D. 10-3 Cu 40: Trong cc phn ng este ha gia ancol v axit hu c th cn bng s chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi ta A. dng cht ho nc tch nc. B. chng ct ngay tch este ra. C. cho ancol d hoc axit d. D. tt c u ng. Cu 41: Cc sn phm thu c khi t chy hon ton 3g axit hu c X c dn ln lt qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 c v bnh 2 ng dung dch NaOH. Sau th nghim thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 1,8g v khi lng bnh 2 tng 4,4g. Nu cho bay hi 1g X th thu c 373,4 ml hi kc. CTCT ca A l A. HCOOH. B. CH2 = CH COOH. C. C2H5COOH. D. CH3COOH. Cu 42: t chy hon ton 2,22g mt axit hu c no A thu c 1,62g H2O. A l A. C3H7COOH. B. C2H5COOH. C. HCOOH. D. CH3COOH. Cu 43: Cho 2,46g hn hp gm HCOOH, CH3COOH, C6H5OH tc dng va vi 400ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Tng khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng l A. 3,54g. B. 4,46g. C. 5,32g. D. 11,26g.

Cu 44: in li ca 3 dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M ; CH3COOH 0,01M v HCl c sp xp theo th t tng dn l A. CH3COOH 0,01M < HCl < CH3COOH 0,1M B. CH3COOH 0,01M < CH3COOH 0,1M < HCl C. HCl < CH3COOH 0,1M < CH3COOH 0,01M D. CH3COOH 0,1M < CH3COOH 0,01M < HCl Cu 45: Cht to c kt ta gch khi un nng vi Cu(OH)2 l A. HCHO. B. HCOOCH3. C. HCOOH. D. Tt c u ng. Cu 46: Cho 3 axit ClCH2COOH , BrCH2COOH, ICH2COOH, dy sp xp theo th t tng dn tnh axit l A. ClCH2COOH < ICH2COOH < BrCH2COOH B. ClCH2COOH < BrCH2COOH < ICH2COOH C. ICH2COOH < BrCH2COOH < ClCH2COOH D. BrCH2COOH < ClCH2COOH < ICH2COOH. Cu 47: Cho 16,6g hn hp gm HCOOH, CH3COOH tc dng ht vi Mg thu c 3,36 lt H2 (kc). Khi lng CH3COOH l A. 12g. B. 9g. C. 6g. D. 4,6g. Cu 48: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol cht X l mui Na ca mt axit hu c thu c 0,15 mol CO 2, hi H2O v Na2CO3. CTCT ca X l Convert by TVDT 65

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A. C3H7COONa B. CH3COONa C. CH3COONa D. HCOONa Cu 49: CH3CHO c th to thnh trc tip t A. CH3COOCH=CH2. B. C2H2. C. C2H5OH. D. Tt c u ng. Cu 50: Hp cht hu c E mch h c CTPT C3H6O3 c nhiu trong sa chua. E c th tc dng vi Na v Na2CO3, cn khi tc dng vi CuO nung nng th to ra hp cht hu c khng tham gia phn ng trng gng. CTCT ca E l A. CH3 COO CH2 OH. B. CH3 CH(OH) COOH. C. HO CH2 COOCH3. D. HO CH2 CH2 COOH. C A 21 A C D 1 11 31 41 D A 22 B D B 2 12 32 42 A D 23 B C D 3 13 33 43 B C A C B 4 14 24 34 44 C D 25 C D D 5 15 35 45 A B D B C 6 16 26 36 46 D A 27 A C A 7 17 37 47 C A 28 D C D 8 18 38 48 B B C A D 9 19 29 39 49 B B A D B 10 20 30 40 50 ANCOL PHENOL ANDEHIT Cu 1: Cht hu c A cha 7,86% H ; 15,73% N v khi lng. t chy hon ton 2,225g A thu c 1,68 lt CO2 (kc), ngoi ra cn c hi nc v kh nito. Bit A c khi lng mol phn t nh hn 100, CTPT ca A l A. C3H7O2N. B. C3H7ON. C. C6H14O2N. D. C3H7ON2. Cu 2: Cho 21,675g hn hp A gm metanol, etanol v phenol tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH 1M. Nu cho 43,35g hn hp A tc dng vi Na s thu c 8,279 lt H2 (o 27,3oC v 760mmHg). Thnh phn % khi lng metanol trong hn hp A l A. 17,126%. B. 22,145%. C. 5,167%. D. 10,334%. Cu 3: Cho hn hp X gm 2 andehit no, n chc A, B lin tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Bit 1,02g hn hp X thc hin phn ng trng gng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d th thu c 4,32g Ag. A v B l A. metanal v etanal. B. etanal v propanal. C. metanal v propanal. D. propanal v butanal. Cu 4: Mt hn hp X gm 1 ankan A v mt ankin B c cng s nguyn t Cacbon. Trn X vi H 2 c kh Z c t khi i vi CO2 bng 1 (phn ng cng H2 hon ton). Bit rng VX = 6,72 lt v VH 2 = 4,48 lt. CTPT v s mol ca A, B trong hn hp X (cc kh o kc) l A. 0,2 mol C2H6 ; 0,1 mol C2H2. B. 0,1 mol C2H6 ; 0,2 mol C2H2. C. 0,1 mol C3H8 ; 0,2 mol C3H4. D. 0,2 mol C3H8 ; 0,1 mol C3H4. Cu 5: B sung chui phn ng

Cl2 , 500 C KOH KOH X H2SO4 , 170 C Y Z K Br2 L A. X : CH3 CH2 CH2OH ; Y : C2H5 O C2H5 ; Z : CH3 CHCl O CHCl CH3 ; K : CH3 CHCl CH3 ; L : CH2Br CHCl CH2Br. B. X : CH3 CH2 CH2OH ; Y : CH3 CH = CH2 ; Z : CH2Cl CH = CH2 ; K : CH2OH CH = CH2 ; L : CH2OH CHBr CH2Br. C. X : CH3 CHOH CH3 ; Y : CH3 CH = CH2 ; Z : CH2Cl CH = CH2 ; K : CH2Cl CHOH CH2OH ; L : CH2Cl CHBr CH2Br. D. X : CH3 CH2 CH2OH ; Y : CH3 CH = CH2 ; 66 Convert by TVDT

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Z : CH3 CHCl CH2Cl ; K : CH3 CHOH CH2OH ; L : CH2 = CH CH2OH. Cu 6: Hidrocacbon X c CTPT C8H10 khng lm mt mu dung dch Br2. Khi un nng X trong dung dch thuc tm to thnh hp cht C7H5KO2 (Y). Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch axit HCl to thnh hp cht C7H6O2. X c tn l A. 1,3 dimetylbenzen. B. 1,4 dimetylbenzen. C. 1,2 dimetylbenzen. D. etylbenzen. Cu 7: Hn hp X gm hidro v axetilen c t khi so vi H2 bng 5,8. Dn 1,792 lt X (kc) qua bt Ni nung nng cho n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Phn trm th tch mi kh trong hn hp X v t khi ca kh thu c so vi H2 l A. 40% H2 , 60% C2H2 ; 29. B. 60% H2 , 40% C2H2 ; 29. C. 60% H2 , 40% C2H2 ; 14,5. D. 40% H2 , 60% C2H2 ; 14,5.

Cu 8: Hp cht c tn l A. 2 clo 4 metyl phenol. B. 1 metyl 3 clo phenol. C. 4 metyl 2 clo phenol. D. 1 clo 3 metyl phenol. Cu 9: Hidrocacbon A cha vng benzen trong phn t khng c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch Br 2. Phn trm khi lng ca Cacbon trong A l 90%. Khi lng mol phn t ca A nh hn 160. Bit khi tc dng vi Br2 theo t l mol 1:1 trong iu kin un nng c bt Fe hoc khng c bt Fe, mi trng hp u to mt dn xut monobrom duy nht. Tn ca A l A. etylbenzen. B. metylbenzen. C. 1,3,5 trimetylbenzen. D. iso-propylbenzen. Cu 10: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp 3 amin A, B, C bng mt lng khng kh va (cha 1/5 th tch l O2, cn li l N2) thu c 26,4g CO2 ; 18,9g H2O v 104,16 lt N2 (kc). Gi tr m l A. 13,5g. B. 14,72g. C. 12g. D. 16g. Cu 11: T mt ankan t chn, hy iu ch P.V.C A. CH4 C2H2 ClCH = CH2 P.V.C B. C3H8 CH4 ClCH = CH2 P.V.C C. C2H6 C2H5Cl P.V.C D. C3H8 C2H6 ClCH = CH2 P.V.C Cu 12: Cho 5 cm3 hidrocacbon th kh vi 30 cm3 O2 ly d vo kh nhin k. Sau khi bt tia la in v lm lnh, trong kh nhin k cn 20cm3 m 15 cm3 b hp th bi KOH, phn cn li b hp th bi P. CTPT ca hidrocacbon l A. C3H8. B. C2H4. C. C2H6. D. C3H6. Cu 13: Mt hn hp X gm ancol etylic v phenol tc dng vi Na d cho ra hn hp hai mui c tng khi lng l 25,2g. Cng lng hn hp y tc dng va vi 100ml dung dch NaOH 1M. S mol ca cht trong hn hp X v th tch H2 bay ra (kc) trong phn ng gia X v Na l A. 0,2 mol ancol ; 0,1 mol phenol ; 3,36 lt H2. B. 0,18 mol ancol ; 0,1 mol phenol ; 5,376 lt H2. C. 0,1 mol ancol ; 0,1 mol phenol ; 2,24 lt H2. D. 0,2 mol ancol ; 0,2 mol phenol ; 4,48 lt H2. Cu 14: Hidro trong nhm OH ca phenol c th c thay th bng Na theo cc phn ng A. cho Na tc dng vi phenol. B. cho NaOh tc dng vi phenol. Convert by TVDT 67

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C. A v B ng. D. cho Na2CO3 tc dng vi phenol. Cu 15: Kh nc 7,4g ancol no, n chc vi hiu sut bng 80% thu c cht kh va lm mt mu 12,8gam Br2. CTPT ca ancol trn l A. C4H9OH. B. C2H5OH. C. C5H11OH. D. C3H7OH. Cu 16: Bn hidrocacbon u l cht kh iu kin thng. Khi phn hy mi cht trn thnh C v H th th tch kh thu c u gp 2 ln th tch ban u. Chng l A. CH4 , C2H4 , C3H4 , C4H4 . B. C2H4 , C3H4 , C4H4 , C5H4 . C. CH4 , C2H4 , C2H6 , C3H4 . D. C2H4 , C2H6 , C3H6 , C4H6 . Cu 17: hidro ha mt hidrocacbon cha no mch h thnh no phi dng mt th tch H2 bng th tch hi hidrocacbon ny. Mt khc t chy mt th tch hi hidrocacbon ny thu c 10 th tch hn hp CO 2 v hi H2O (cc th tch o cng iu kin). Hidrocacbon l A. C5H10. B. C3H6 C. C5H8. D. C2H4 Cu 18: t chy hon ton 2 lt hn hp gm axetilen v mt hidrocacbon A thu c 4 lt CO2 v 4 lt hi H2O (cc th tch o cng iu kin). CTPT ca A v phn trm th tch mi cht trong hn hp l A. C2H4 ; 40% C2H2 v 60% C2H4. B. C2H6 ; 50% C2H2 v 50% C2H6. C. C2H4 ; 50% C2H2 v 50% C2H4. D. C2H6 ; 40% C2H2 v 60% C2H6. Cu 19: Pht biu no sau y ng: 1. Phenol c tnh axit yu do nhn benzen ht electron ca nhm OH lm H linh ng, trong khi C2H5 ca ancol etylic y electron vo nhm OH nn H km linh ng hn. 2. Phenol c tnh axit mnh hn ancol etylic c chng minh bng phn ng gia phenol v dung dch NaOH, ancol etylic khng phn ng vi dung dch NaOH. 3. Tnh axit ca phenol yu hn H2CO3 c chng minh bng phn ng sc kh CO2 vo dung dch C6H5ONa to C6H5OH. A. 1, 2, 3 B. 1, 3 C. 1, 2 D. 2, 3 Cu 20: c c ancol etylic tuyt i (hon ton khng c nc) t ancol 95o th ta 1. chng ct phn on tch ancol ra khi nc (ancol etylic si 78oC , nc si 100oC). 2. dng Na. 3. dng H2SO4 c ht nc. A. ch c 2. B. ch c 1. C. ch c 1,2. D. c 3 phng php. Cu 21: Cho cng thc tng qut ca A l (C2H5O)n . iu kin A l mt ancol no a chc khi A. n = 2. B. n= 3. C. n = 4. D. n = 1. Cu 22: Trong cc hidrocacbon mch h C4H10, C4H8, C3H4, C4H6 hy chn hidrocacbon c th to kt ta vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 l A. C4H10 , C4H8. B. C3H4. C. C4H6. D. C3H4 , C4H6. Cu 23: Cho s chuyn ha sau (mi l mt phng trnh phn ng)

Trong P, Q ln lt l A. C2H6 , C4H8. B. CH4 , C3H8. C. C2H4 , C3H6. D. C2H2 , C2H6. Cu 24: t chy hon ton 0,295g hp cht hu c A thu c 0,44g CO2 v 0,225g H2O. Trong mt th nghim khc, phn tch mt khi lng cht A nh trn cho 55,8 cm3 N2 (kc). T khi hi vi khng kh l 2,04. CTPT ca A l A. C2H5ON. B. C2H3O2. C. C2H5ON. D. CH3O2N. Convert by TVDT 68

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Cu 25: Ly 4,6g ancol no (M = 92) tc dng ht Na th c 1,68 lt H2 (kc). CTPT ca ancol l A. C2H4(OH)2. B. C3H5(OH)3. C. C4H8(OH)2. D. C2H5OH. Cu 26: X l hn hp gm mt axit n chc v mt axit 2 ln axit, khng no (c mt ni i). S mol mi axit trong hn hp l nh nhau. t chy ht a mol hn hp X c 2,5a mol CO2. CTPT 2 axit trn l A. C3H6O2 v C3H4O4. B. C2H4O2 v C6H10O4. C. CH2O2 v C4H4O4. D. C2H4O2 v C5H6O4. Cu 27: Ha hi hon ton mt hidrocacbon A c mt th tch hi bng th tch kh CO 2 thu c khi t chy ht cng lng hidrocacbon A (cc th tch o cng iu kin). Hidrocacbon A l A. anken. B. CH4. C. ankin. D. C3H8. Cu 28: Hp cht X mch h, c ng phn hnh hc, CTPT C4H8. X c CTCT l A. CH2 = C (CH3)2. B. CH3 CH = CH CH3. C. CH2 = CH CH2 CH3. D. A, B, C, u ng. Cu 29: t chy hon ton 9,9g hp cht hu c A gm ba nguyn t C, H, Cl sn phm to thnh cho qua bnh ng H2SO4 m c v Ca(OH)2 th thy khi lng cc bnh ny tng ln lt l 3,6g v 8,8g. Bit phn t A cha 2 nguyn t Clo. CTPT ca A l A. C3H4Cl2. B. C2H4Cl2. C. CH2Cl2. D. C3H6Cl2. Cu 30: T khi ca mt hn hp kh gm metan v etan so vi khng kh bng 0,6. S lt kh O2 cn t chy hon ton 3 lt hn hp v khi lng mi sn phm sinh ra (kc) l A. 6,45 lt ; 6,48g CO2 v 5,062g H2O. B. 2,15 lt ; 2,16g CO2 v 1,687g H2O. C. 48,16 lt ; 48,4g CO2 v 37,8g H2O. D. 144,48 lt ; 145,152g CO2 v 113,398g H2O.

Cu 31: Trong cc h ankan, anken, ankadien, ankin, xicloankan, xicloanken, h hidrocacbon no khi t chy cho ra s mol H2O b hn ca CO2 ? A. ankin, ankadien v xicloanken. B. ankadien v ankin. C. ankin v xicloankan. D. ankin v xicloanken. Cu 32: hidro ha mt ankan A c hn hp B gm 2 kh. Bit t khi ca B so vi CO2 l 0,5. Vy A l A. C4H10. B. C5H12. C. C3H8. D. C2H6.

Cu 33: Hp cht c tn l A. 2,3,4 trimetyl 2 clo hexanal. B. 5 clo 3,4,5 trimetyl hexanal. C. 2 clo 2,3,4 trimetyl hexanal. D. 3,4,5 trimetyl 2 clo hexanal. Cu 34: Dn hn hp M gm hai cht X, Y c CTPT C3H6 v C4H8 vo dung dch Br2 trong CCl4 th thy dung dch Br2 b nht mu v khng c kh thot ra. Vy A. X v Y khng phi l 2 anken ng ng ca nhau. B. X v Y l 2 xicloankan ng ng ca nhau. C. X v Y l propilen v xiclobutan. D. X v Y l 2 anken ng ng ca nhau. Cu 35: CTPT ca hp cht hu c A l C3H6O. Bit A tc dng c vi nc Br2 v vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 sinh ra Ag. CTPT ca A l A. OHC CH2 CH3. B. CH3 CH = CH OH. C. CH3 CO CH3. D. HO CH2 CH = CH2. 69 Convert by TVDT

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Cu 36: t chy 3 lt hn hp kh hai hidrocacbon no lin tip nhau trong dy ng ng , dn sn phm ln lt qua bnh (1) ng CaCl2 khan ri qua bnh (2) ng dung dch KOH. Sau th nghim thy khi lng bnh (1) tng 6,43g gam ; bnh (2) tng 9,82g. CTPT hai hidrocacbon v hm lng % theo th tch ca hai hidrocacbon trong hn hp (kc) l A. 50% C2H6 ; 50% C3H8. B. 33,3% C2H6 ; 66,7% C3H8. C. 50% CH4 ; 50% C2H6. D. 33,3% CH4 ; 66,7% C2H6. Cu 37: Mt andehit n chc c phn trm khi lng ca Oxi bng 53,33% th cng thc l A. CH3CHO. B. C2H5CHO. C. HCHO. D. C3H5CHO. Cu 38: Mt hp cht hu c c CTPT C4H8O. S ng phn cng H2 (xc tc Ni) to ra ancol v s ng phn cho phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 theo th t l A. 5 v 1. B. 5 v 2. C. 7 v 2. D. 6 v 2. Cu 39: Mt hidrocacbon A c CTPT l C9H10. Bit A c cha vng benzen, s ng phn cu to ca A l A. 6. B. 5. C. 4. D. 7. Cu 40: t chy hon ton 0,9g hp cht hu c A (C, H, O) thu c 0,672 lt CO 2 (kc) v 0,54g H2O. T khi hi ca A so vi O2 bng 2,8125. CTPT ca A l A. C3H4O2. B. C2H6O2. C. C3H6O2. D. C3H6O3. Cu 41: Ancol etylic tan trong nc v A. to c lin kt Hidro vi ancol. B. in li thnh ion. C. to c lin kt Hidro vi nc. D. cho phn ng vi H2O. Cu 42: un nng hn hp 2 ancol n chc no vi H2SO4 140oC thu c 21,6g H2O v 72g hn hp 3 ete. Nu s mol 2 ancol bng nhau th 2 ancol l A. CH3OH v C3H7OH. B. CH3OH v C2H5OH. C. C2H5OH v C3H7OH. D. C3H5OH v C3H7OH. Cu 43: X v Y l 2 hidrocacbon c cng CTPT C5H8. X l monome dng trng hp thnh cao su isopren; Y c mch C phn nhnh v to kt ta vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3. CTCT ca X, Y ln lt l A. CH2 = C = CH CH2 CH3 ; CH3 C C CH2 CH3. B. CH2 = CH (CH3) CH2 = CH2 ; CH C CH (CH3) CH3. C. CH2 = CH CH2 CH = CH2 ; CH C CH2 CH2 CH3. D. CH2 = CH (CH3) CH2 = CH2 ; CH3 C C CH2 CH3. Cu 44: Nhng phng trnh phn ng iu ch C2H2 ng (c iu kin thch hp) l (1) CaC2 + 2 H2O C2H2 + Ca(OH)2 O 1500 C,lam lanh nhanh (2) 2 CH4 C2H2 + 3 H2. (3) C4H10 C2H2 + H2 + C2H6. (4) Al4C3 + 12 H2O 4 Al(OH)3 + 3 C2H2. A. 1 v 3. B. 3 v 4. C. 1, 2, 3, v 4. D. 1 v 2. Cu 45: Cht no l ancol bc 2 trong cc ancol sau 1. metanal. 2. etanal. 3. propan 2 ol. 4. 2 metyl propanal. 5. buta 2 ol. A. 1, 2, 3. B. 2, 3, 4. C. 3, 4, 5. D. 3, 5. Cu 46: Hn hp kh A gm hidrocacbon X v H2 nung nng c Ni thu c kh B duy nht. t chy 0,1 mol B to ra 0,3 mol CO2. Bit VA = 3VB (o cng iu kin), CTPT ca X l A. C3H4. B. C3H6. C. C5H8. D. C2H4. Cu 47: Gi tn hidrocacbon sau A. 1 phenyl pent 4 in. C. 1 phenyl but 3 in. Convert by TVDT (ly C6H5 lm gc phenyl ) B. 1 phenyl but 1 in. D. 4 phenyl but 1 in. 70

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Cu 48: Chn cu ng nht A. si ca C2H5OH cao hn CH3OH v thp hn C3H7OH. B. so snh si cc ancol ta phi da vo khi lng gc R . C. so snh si cc ancol ta phi da vo lin kt H. D. A, B ng. Cu 49: t chy hon ton 3,4g mt ankadien lin hp khng nhnh X thu c 5,6 lt kh CO2 (kc). X c tn gi l A. hexa 1,3 dien. B. penta 1,3 dien. C. buta 1,3 dien. D. metyl buta 1,3 dien. Cu 50: Ti mt nh my ru, c 10 tn tinh bt s sn xut c 1,5 tn ancol etylic. Hiu sut c qu trnh iu ch l A. 85%. B. 26,4%. C. 32,7%. D. 15%. Cu 51: CTGN ca mt andehit X cha no, mch h cha mt lin kt ba trong phn t l C2HO. Vy X c CTPT l A. C6H3O3. B. C8H4O4. C. C4H2O2. D. Khng xc nh c. Cu 52: t chy hon ton 0,2mol hn hp gm mt ancol n chc no v mt ancol n chc khng no c 1 ni i, tt c mch h thu c 17,6g CO2 v 9g H2O. CTPT 2 ancol l A. C2H5OH v C3H5OH. B. C2H5OH v C4H7OH. C. C3H7OH v C3H5OH. D. CH3OH v C3H5OH. Cu 53: t chy ht a mol ankan A c khng qu 6a mol CO2. Mt khc khi clo ha ankan A theo t l mol 1:1 c mt dn xut monoclo duy nht. A c tn l A. 2 metyl propan. B. butan. C. 2,2 dimetyl propan. D. hexan. Cu 54: Cho hn hp but 1 in v but 2 in, tch 2 hidrocacbon ny nn dng A. dung dch Br2. B. dung dch KMnO4. C. phng php chng ct phn on. D. dung dch AgNO3 /NH3 sau dng dung dch HCl. Cu 55: Hidrocacbon c tn l A. 2 isopropylhex 3 in. B. 2 isopropylhex 4 in. C. 5,6 dimetylhept 3 in. D. 5 isopropylhex 3 in. A A A A C C 1 11 21 31 41 51 D A D C B D 2 12 22 32 42 52 B A A B B C 3 13 23 33 43 53 D C C D D D 4 14 24 34 44 54 B A B A C C 5 15 25 35 45 55 D A C D A 6 16 26 36 46 C A B C D 7 17 27 37 47 A B B C D 8 18 28 38 48 C C B D B 9 19 29 39 49 A B A D B 10 20 30 40 50 PHN NG OXIHA-KH-TC PHN NG-CN BNG HA HC(2CU) 1. Phn ng no sau y lun lun l phn ng oxiho -kh ? A.phn ng trung ho B.phn ng th C.phn ng trao i D.phn ng phn hu 2. Cho pthh sau: KMnO4 + HCl KCl + MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O.H s cn bng ca cc cht ln lt l: 71 Convert by TVDT

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A. 2, 12, 2, 2, 3, 6 B. 2, 14, 2, 2, 4, 7 C. 2, 8, 2, 2, 1, 4 D. 2, 16, 2, 2, 5, 8 3.C cn bng sau: N2 (K) + 3H2 (K) 2NH3 (K). Khi tng p sut th cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu no? A. Chiu nghch.B. Ko b chuyn dch.C. Lc u chuyn dch theo chiu nghch, sau theo chiu thun.D. Chiu thun. 4.Cho 19,2 gam kim loi (M) tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO3 long th thu c 4,48 lt kh NO (ktc).Kim loi (M) l: A. Zn. B. Fe. C. Cu. D. Mg. 5. Trong phh : 4Na + O2 2 Na2O ,c xy ra qu trnh A. s kh nguyn t Na B.s oxiho ion Na+ 2D.s oxiho ion O
6.Cn bng sau c thit lp 2300C:2NO (kh) + O2 (kh) 2NO2 (kh) ; Kc = 6,44.105

C.s kh nguyn t 0

Lc u ch c NO v O2. trng thi cn bng [NO2] = 15,5M, ca [O2] = 0,127M. Tnh [NO] khi cn bng?

A. 0,54M. B. 0,054M. C. 0,045M. D. 0,45M. 7.Cho bit cn bng sau: H2(kh) + Cl2 (kh) 2 HCl ((kh) ; H < 0.Cn bng chuyn dch sang bn tri khi A. tng nng H2. B. tng p sut bng cch gim nhit ton h. C. tng nhit D. gim nhit . 8.Khi ho tan SO2 vo nc c cn bng sau: SO2 + H2O HSO3- + H+. Nhn xt no sau y ng? A. Thm dd Na2CO3 cn bng chuyn di sang tri. B. Thm dd H2SO4 cn bng chuyn di sang phi. C. Thm dd Na2CO3 cn bng chuyn di sang phi. D. un nng cn bng chuyn dch sang phi. 9.Khi thc hin phn ng este ho 1 mol CH3COOH v 1 mol C2H5OH, lng este ln nht thu c l 2/3 mol. t hiu sut cc i l 90% (tnh theo axit) khi tin hnh este ho 1 mol CH3COOH cn s mol C2H5OH l (bit cc phn ng este ho thc hin cng nhit ) A. 0,342. B. 2,925. C. 2,412. D. 0,456. 10.Cho phng trnh ho hc ca t 0 , xt phn ng tng hp amoniac N2 (k) + 3H2 (k) 2NH3 (k) . Khi tng nng ca hiro ln 2 ln, tc phn ng thun A. tng ln 8 ln. B. gim i 2 ln. C. tng ln 6 ln. D. tng ln 2 ln. 11. un 12 gam axit axetic vi 13,8 gam etanol (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc) n khi phn ng t ti trng thi cn bng, thu c 11 gam este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l A. 55%. B. 50%. C. 62,5%. D. 75%. 12.Khi cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch cha H2SO4 long v NaNO3, vai tr ca NaNO3 trong phn ng l A. cht kh. B. cht oxi ho. C. mi trng. D. cht xc tc. 13.Cho cc phn ng xy ra sau y: (1) AgNO3 + Fe(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag (2) Mn + 2HCl MnCl2 + H2 Dy cc ion c sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh oxi ho l A. Mn2+, H+, Ag+, Fe3+. B. Ag+, Fe3+, H+, Mn2+. C. Mn2+, H+, Fe3+, Ag+. D. Ag+ , Mn2+, H+, Fe3+. 14. Trong phn ng t chy CuFeS2 to ra sn phm CuO, Fe2O3 v SO2 th mt phn t CuFeS2 s A. nhng 12 electron. B. nhn 13 electron. C. nhn 12 electron. D. nhng 13 electron. 15. Cho 0,01 mol mt hp cht ca st tc dng ht vi H2SO4 c nng (d), thot ra 0,112 lt ( ktc) kh SO2 (l sn phm kh duy nht). Cng thc ca hp cht st l A. FeCO3. B. FeS2. C. FeS. D. FeO

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16.Cho 3,2 gam bt Cu tc dng vi 100 ml dd hh gm HNO3 0,8M v H2SO40,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, sinh ra V lt kh NO (sp kh duy nht, ktc).Gi tr ca V l A. 0,746. B. 0,672. C. 0,448. D. 1,792. 0 17.Cho cc phn ng sau: 4HCl + MnO2 t MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O. ; 2HCl + Fe FeCl2 + H2; 6HCl + 2Al 2AlCl3 + 3H2. 14HCl + K2Cr2O7 2KCl + 2CrCl3 + 3Cl2 + 7H2O ; 16HCl + 2KMnO4 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O. S phn ng trong HCl th hin tnh oxi ha l A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 1. 18. Cho cn bng ho hc: 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k) 2SO3 (k); phn ng thun l phn ng to nhit. Pht biu ng l: A. Cb chuyn dch theo chiu nghch khi gim nng SO3. B. Cb chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi gim p sut h phn ng. C. Cb chuyn dch theo chiu nghch khi gim nng O2. D. Cb chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi tng nhit . 19. Cho bit cc phn ng xy ra sau: 2FeBr2 + Br2 2FeBr3 ; 2NaBr + Cl2 2NaCl + Br2 . Pht biu ng l: A. Tnh kh ca Cl- mnh hn ca Br -. B. Tnh oxi ha ca Br2 mnh hn ca Cl2. C. Tnh kh ca Br- mnh hn ca Fe2+. D. Tnh oxi ha ca Cl2 mnh hn ca Fe3+. + 2+ 2+ 20.Cho dy cc cht v ion: Cl2, F2, SO2, Na , Ca , Fe , Al3+, S , S2-, HCl. S cht v ion trong dy u c tnh oxi ho v tnh kh l A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6. 21.Cho cc phn ng: Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 CaOCl2 + H2O ; 2H2S + SO2 3S + 2H2O ; O3 O2 + O 0 2NO2 + 2NaOH NaNO3 + NaNO2 + H2O ; 4KClO3 t KCl + 3KClO4 . S phn ng oxi ho kh lA. 5. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. 22.Cho cn bng ho hc: N2 (k) + 3H2 (k) 2NH3 (k); phn ng thun l phn ng to nhit. Cn bng ho hc khng b chuyn dch khi A. thay i p sut ca h. B. thay i nng N2. C. thay i nhit . D. thm cht xc tc Fe. 0 23. Trng hp ko xy ra phn ng ha hc l A. 3O2 + 2H2S t 2H2O + 2SO2. B. O3 + 2KI + H2O 2KOH + I2 + O2. C. Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O. D. FeCl2 + H2S FeS + 2HCl. 24.un nng 6,0 gam CH3COOH vi 6,0 gam C2H5OH (c H2SO4 lm xc tc, H= 50%). Khi lng este to thnh l A. 4,4 gam. B. 6,0 gam. C. 5,2 gam. D. 8,8 gam. 25.Cho cc cn bng ho hc: N2 (k) + 3H2 (k) 2NH3 (k) (1) ;H2 (k) + I2 (k) 2HI (k) (2) 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k) 2SO3 (k) (3) ; 2NO2 (k) N2O4 (k) (4) .Khi thay i p sut nhng cn bng ha hc b chuyn dch l: A. (1), (2), (3). B. (1), (3), (4). C. (1), (2), (4). D. (2), (3), (4). 26.Cho phn ng ha hc: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu. Trong phn ng trn xy ra A. s kh Fe2+ v s kh Cu2+. B. s oxi ha Fe v s oxi ha Cu. C. s oxi ha Fe v s kh 2+ 2+ Cu . D. s kh Fe v s oxi ha Cu. 27.Cho 3,6 gam Mg tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 (d), sinh ra 2,24 lt kh X (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Kh X l A. N2O. B. NO2. C. N2. D. NO.

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28.Ho tan ht 7,74 gam hn hp bt Mg, Al bng 500 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,28M thu c dung dch X v 8,736 lt kh H2 ( ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c lng mui khan l A. 38,93 gam. B. 77,86 gam. C. 103,85 gam. D. 25,95 gam. 29. Hai kim loi X, Y v cc dd mui clorua ca chng c cc phn ng ha hc sau:X + 2YCl3 XCl2 + 2YCl2; Y + XCl2 YCl2 + X. Pht biu ng l: A. Kim loi X c tnh kh mnh hn kim loi Y. B. Ion Y3+ c tnh oxi ha 2+ mnh hn ion X . C. Ion Y2+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn ion X2+. D. Kim loi X kh c ion 2+ Y . 30. Hng s cn bng ca phn ng xc nh ch ph thuc vo A. p sut. B. cht xc tc. C. nng . D. nhit . 31.Cho phn ng: aAl + bHNO3 cAl(NO3)3 + dN2O + eH2O.H s a, b, c, d, e l cc s nguyn, ti gin.Tng (a + b) bng A. 30. B. 36. C. 38. D. 18. 32.Cho pthh: Fe3O4 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + H2O. Sau khi cn bng pthh trn vi h s ca cc cht l nhng s nguyn, ti gin th h s ca HNO3 l 9y. D. 23x 9y. B. H > 0, phn ng to nhit C. H > 0, phn A. 46x 18y. B. 45x 18y. C. 13x

33. Cho P: 2NO2 (k) (mu nu ) N2O4 (k) (khng mu ). Bit khi h nhit ca bnh th mu nu nht dn. Phn ng thun c A. H < 0, phn ng thu nhit. ng thu nhit. D. H < 0, phn ng to nhit. 34. Mt bnh phn ng c dung tch khng i, cha hn hp kh N2 v H2 vi nng tng ng l 0,3M v 0,7M. Sau khi phn ng tng hp NH3 t trng thi cn bng toC, H2 chim 50% th tch hn hp thu c. Hng s cn bng KC toC ca phn ng c gi tr l: C. 0,500 D. 3,125 A. 2,500 B. 0,609

35. Cho cc phn ng sau: (a) 4HCl + PbO2 PbCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O. (b) HCl + NH4HCO3 NH4Cl + CO2 + H2O. (c) 2HCl + 2HNO3 2NO2 + Cl2 + 2H2O. (d) 2HCl + Zn ZnCl2 + H2. S p trong HCl th hin tnh kh l A. 2. B. 4. C. 1. D. 3. 36. Ho tan hon ton m g Al vo dd HNO3 long d thu c hh kh gm 0,015 mol N2O v 0,01 mol NO (phn ng ko to mui amoni). Tnh m. A. 8,1 g B.1,35 g C.13,5 g D.0,81 g 37.Ho tan 2,4 gam hn hp Cu, Fe c t l mol 1:1 trong H2SO4 c nng to ra 0,05 mol mt sp kh X duy nht. X l : A.SO2 B.SO3 C.S D.H2S 38.Ho tan ht hh gm 0,05 mol Fe v 0,03 mol Ag vo dd HNO3 thot ra V lit hh kh A (ktc) gm NO v NO2 c t l mol tng ng l 2:3. Gi tr ca V ? A.1,368 lit B.13,44 lit C.4,48 lit D.2,24 lit 39. Ho tan hon ton 12 gam hh Fe, Cu (c t l mol 1:1) bng dd HNO3 d thu c dd X v V lit hh kh Y(ktc)gm NO, NO2 c d/H2 = 19. Tnh V? C.3,36 lit Convert by TVDT D.2,24 lit 74 A.5,6 lit B.4,48 lit

Thuviendientu.org
40. t chy mt lng nhm trong 6,72 lit kh oxi, cht rn thu c sau phn ng mang ho tan ht trong dd HCl thy bay ra 6,72 lit kh H2. Cc kh ktc, tnh khi lng nhm dng. A.10,8 g B.5,4 g C.16,2 g D.8,1 g 41. m g bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian s chuyn thnh hh X gm 4 cht rn c khi lng 75,2 gam. Cho hh X phn ng ht vi dd H2SO4c nng d thy thot ra 6,72 lit SO2(ktc). Tnh m ? A.56 g B.22,4 g C.11,2 g D.25,3 g 42. Cho V lit hn hp kh A (ktc) gm Clo v Oxi phn ng va ht vi hn hp gm 4,8 gam Mg v 8,1 gam Al to thnh 37,05 gam hn hp cc sn phm. Tnh V? A.8,4 lit B.5,6 lit C.10,08 lit D.11,2 lit 43. Cho 2,673 gam hn hp Mg, Zn tc dng va vi 500ml dd cha AgNO3 0,02M v Cu(NO3)2 0,1M. Thnh phn % khi lng Mg trong hn hp l : A.19,75% B.1,98% C.80,2% D.98,02% 44.Qu trnh sx NH3 trong CN da vo p TN sau y. N2 (k) + 3 H2 (k) 2 NH3 (k); H = -92 KJ.Khi phn ng t ti ttcb, nhng thay i no d-i y lm cho cb dch chuyn theo chiu thun to ra nhiu amoniac: (1)Tng nhit ; (2) Tng p sut; (3)Cho cht xc tc; (4)Gim nhit ; (5) Ly NH 3 ra khi h. A.(1),(2),(3),(5) B.(2),(3),(5) C.(2),(4),(5) D.(2),(3),(4),(5) 1 45. Phng trnh t chy H2 trong O2: H 2 (k ) O2 (k ) H 2 O(l ) H 285,83kJ / mol . Khi t chy 112 2 lt H2 (ktc) , s to ra lng nhit l: A. 1520,15kJ B. 1350,20kJ C. 1429,15kJ D. 1493,25kJ 46. Phan ng nao sau ay khong la phan ng oxi hoa-kh ? A. 2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3 B. 2Fe(OH)3 2Fe2O3 + 3H2O C. 2HgO 2Hg + O2 D. 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2 47. Cho phan ng sau : FeS + HNO3 Fe2(SO4)3 + NO + X + H2O. Sau khi phan ng c can bang, tng cc h s ca phn ng bng A.32 B. 36 C.42 D. 28 0 48.Cho phan ng :CO(k) + H2O CO2 (k) + H2(k), t C K=1. Khi can bang co [H2O] = 0,03mol/lit,[CO2] = 0,04 mol/lit a.Nong o ban au cua CO la : A/ 0,39 M B/ 0,093M C/ 0,083M D/ 0,073 M

p n : 1B2D3D4C5C6B7C8C9B10A11C12B13C14D15D16B17C18C19D20C21D22D23D24A 25B26C27D28A29B30D31C32A33D34D35A36B37A38D39A40C41A42C43A44C45C46B47A48B

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L THUYT TNG HP HA HU C
Ch-ng I.
i c-ng v ha hc hu c 1. Thnh phn nguyn t v cng thc phn t
I. Khi nim - c im chung v hp cht hu c 1) khi nim v ho hc hu c, hp cht hu c - Ho hc hu c l ngnh ho hc chuyn nghin cu cc hp cht c cha cc bon ( tr CO 2 , CO, mui CO3- ). - Hp cht hu c l nhng hp cht cha cc bon -c ngnh ho hc hu c nghin cu 2) c im chung ca cc hp cht hu c. - Thnh phn nguyn t: Nht thit phi c Cc bon, th-ng gp : H, O, N v sau l cc halozen, P, S. - Lin kt ho hc: Ch yu l lin cng ho tr. - Cc hp cht hu c d bay hi, km bn bi nhit, v d chy - Cc phn ng ho hc hu c th-ng xy ra chm, v khng hon ton. 3) Phn loi: c 2 loi c bn a - Cc hp cht hyr - cc bon : C 3 loi chnh . - H-C no: + Hp cht H - C no mch h ( ankan hay Parafin) + .......... ................. mch vng ( XiCloankan) - H - C khng no : + Hp cht H - C khng no loi c 1 lin kt i ( anken hay lfin) + ................................................... 2 ................( Ankaien hay i lefin ) + .................................................... 1 .............. ba ( Ankin ) - H -C thm : l nhng hp cht c cha vng Ben zen ( hay vng thm ) b - Cc hp cht c cha nhm chc: L nhng hp cht cha mt nhm nguyn t qui nh tnh cht ho hc c tr-ng ca hp cht v d: - Nhm - OH qui nh tnh cht ho hc ca r-u R - OH - Nhm - COOH qui nh tnh cht ho hc ca axt hu c R - COOH R - l gc hyrocc bon. II. Cng thc phn t . 1) Cc cng thc ho hc ca hp cht hu c . a - Cng thc tng qut: cho bit thnh phn nh tnh cc nguyn t . V d: C xHyOz b - Cng thc thc nghim: Cho bit t l v s l-ng cc nguyn t trong phn t. V d ; ( CH2O )n n: nguyn v n 1 c - Cng thc n gin: t-ng t cng thc thc nghim ( khng c n ). V d: CH 2O d - Cng thc phn t: Cho bit s l-ng nguyn t ca mi nguyn t trong phn t. C th xc nh cng thc phn t qua cng thc thc nghim, khi bit gi tr n V d: T ( CH2O )n khi n = 2 th CTPT l C2H4O2. f - Cng thc cu to: + Cho bit s l-ng nguyn t ca mi nguyn t trong phn t. + ............. trnh t sp xp cc nguyn t trong phn t. v d : CTPT C2H4O2 C cc CTCT CH3 COOH , HCOOCH3 , CH2 - CHO OH 2) Xc nh khi l-ng phn t ( MA ) : C cc cng thc tnh MA - Da vo khi l-ng ring ktc: MA = 22,4D ( D l khi l-ng ring g/l ) - Da vo t khi hi ca kh A so vi kh B ( d A/B ) MA = dA/B . MB - ............ khi l-ng v s mol ca hp cht A M A = 3) Cch xc nh cng thc phn t hp cht hu c: a - Da vo thnh phn % cc nguyn t: V khi l-ng mi nguyn t trong phn t t l vi thnh phn phn trm => =

mA nA

y 12x = %C % H

MA 12x y 16z 14v 14v 16z = = = 100 100 %O % N

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Thuviendientu.org
x =

%C . M A 12 .100

, y =

%H . M A 100

, z =

%O . M A 16 .100
xCO2 + 44x
2

, v =

%N .M A 14 .100

b - Tnh trc tip t khi l-ng sn phm t chy:

Ta c PTP: CXHYOZNV MA + (x +

y z - ) O2 4 2

z y H2 O + N2 2 2
9y
2

14v
2

mN M A . mCO2 M A . m H 2O M A (12x y 14v) => x = , y = , v = , z = 44a 9a 16 14a V .M B Nu l-ng CO2 , N2 ( kh B ) cho theo th tch th tnh theo cng thc mB = B 22,4 V . 44 V d: B l kh CO2 mCO = CO2 22,4
2

mCO mH O M A. mN 2

Bi ton 1: t chy hon ton 18,6 gam hp cht hu c A ta thu -c 26,88 lt CO 2 v 12,6g n-c. Bng mt th nghim khc khi phn tch mt l-ng cht nh- trn th thu -c 2,24(l) kh N 2 (th tch cc kh u o ktc). Bit khi ho hi 13,95g A th thu -c th tch bng th tch ca 4,8gOxi (Cc th tch o trong cng iu kin) . Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A Gii. t CTPT ca A l: V cng iu kin t0 v P =>
2

C XHYOZNV .

nA = nO =

p dng cc cng thc : x =

M A . mCO2 44a

4,8 19,35 = 0,15 mol => MA = = 93g hay 94 vc 32 0,15 26,88 93 44 M A . m H 2O 93 . 12,6 22,4 = = 6 , y = = =7 44 .18,6 9a 9 . 18,6

v =

M A. mN 2 14a

93
=

2,24 28 22,4 =1 , 14 . 18,6

M A (12x y 14v) 93 (12. 6 7 14. 1) = =0 16 16 => CTPT ca A l : C6H7N .

z =

2. Cu to phn t hp cht h- c
I. Thuyt cu to ho hc ( BtLRp): 1) Trong phn t hp cht hu c cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau theo ng ho tr v theo th t nht nh, gi l cu to ho hc. Nu thay i s lin kt s to nn cht mi V d: CH3 - CH2 - OH C2H6O CH3 - O - CH3 R-u ( etilc) Ete (imtyl ete) 2) Trong phn t hp cht hu c cc bon lun c ho tr 4. Nguyn t C khng nhng lin kt vi nguyn t nguyn t khc m cn lin kt vi nhau to thnh mch cc bon khc nhau: Mch thng, mch nhnh, mch vng :

CH3 - CH2 - CH - CH3 mch nhnh mch vng CH3 3) Tnh cht cc cht ph thuc vo thnh phn phn t (bn cht, s l-ng nguyn t) v cu to ho hc (th t lin kt cc nguyn t trong phn t) V d : Tnh cht cc cht ph thuc vo: - Bn cht nguyn t + CH4 : kh, chy - S l-ng nguyn t + C4H10 : Kh + CCl4 : lng, khng chy + C 5H12 : lng - Lin kt ca cc nguyn t trong phn t: + CH 3 - CH2 - OH : lng, tc dng vi Na

CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH3 , mch thng

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+ CH3 - O - CH3 : Kh, khng tc dng vi Na nghi ca thuyt cu to ho hc: - Mi hp cht hu c ch c mt CTCT duy nht. - T tnh cht ho hc c th suy ra CTCT ca mt cht v ng-c li t CTCT c th suy ra tnh cht ca cht . II. ng ng - ng phn - Lin kt Cng ho tr 1) ng ng: L nhng cht c tnh cht ho hc t-ng t nhau, c thnh phn phn t hn km nhau mt hay nhiu nhm metylen ( -CH2-). Nhng cht ng ng hp thnh dy gi l dy ng ng. V d: CH4 , C2H6 , C3H8 , C4H10 , .... CnH2n + 2 : Dy ng dng ca m tan. 2) ng phn: L nhng cht c thnh phn t nh- nhau, nh-ng c cu to ho hc khc nhau nn c nhng tnh cht khc nhau. V d: C2H6O + CH3 - CH2 - OH : lng, tc dng vi Na + CH3 - O - CH3 : Kh, khng tc dng vi Na H H 3) Lin kt CHT : a/ Lin kt n - lin kt xic ma ( ) bn H-C - C-H - lin kt bng 1 cp e dng chung C 2H6 : H H b/ lin kt i: lin kt bng 2 cp e dng chung H - C C-H Trong c 1 lin kt v 1 lin kt km bn C2H4: H H c/ Lin kt ba: Bng 3 cp e chung: trong c 1 lin kt bn v 2 lin kt km bn C2H2 : H C C H

z Py - Py
Lin kt

Px - Px
Lin kt

Pz - Pz
Lin kt

Ch-ng II . Hyr - Cc bon

Cng thc ca cc hp cht Hyr- Cc bon :

CnH2n + 2 - 2a . 1. Hyr - Cc bon no:

- n l s nguyn t C - a l s lin kt hay mch vng

- Khi a = 0 Cng thc chung ca H - C no mch h : CnH2n + 2 => n 1 - Khi a = 1(C1 mch vng) Cng thc H - C no mch vng l: CnH2n => n

- c im cu to: Trong phn t cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt (Lin kt n) bn vng. I. Hyr - Cc bon no mch h C tn An kan hay Parafin CnH2n + 2 => n 1 1) Danh php - ng phn a/ Danh php: c tn theo s nguyn t C trong phn t + ui an V d: CH4 : Mtan , C2H6 : etan , C3H8 : Propan , C4H10 : Butan ........... - Vi nhng Ankan c mch cc bon di v phn nhnh th: + Chn mch Cc bon di nht lm mch chnh, nh s th t C trong mch chnh , bt u t pha c nhm th (nhnh) gn nht + c: V tr nhm th + s nhm th + tn nhm th ( Theo vn a, b, c, ) + tn mch chnh + ui an. Cl
1 2 3 4

CH3
5 6 7

V d: CH3 - CH - CH - C - CH2 - CH2 - CH3 :

3 - Clo, 2, 4, 4 - Tri metyl Heptan.

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Thuviendientu.org
CH3 V d: C5H12 CH3 CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH3 n - Pen tan CH3 - CH2 - CH - CH3 CH3 CH3 Iso - Pentan (2 - Metl butan) CH3 - C - CH3 neo - Pentan ( 2, 2 - i metyl propan)

b/ ng phn: Ch c loi ng phn mch cc bon.

CH3 2) Tnh cht vt l: Hp cht c s nguyn t t C1 C4: kh ; C5 C16: lng; C17 tr ln: rn 3) Tnh cht ho hc : a/ Phn ng th : d-i tc dng ca nh sng khuch tn cc An kan tc dng -c vi Cl 2 v Br2 khan . y l phn ng c tr-ng ca Ankan ni ring v ca H - C no ni chung.

CnH2n + 2 + X2 CnH2n + 1X + X2

a/s

a/s

CnH2n + 1X + HX CnH2nX2 + HX

............................................................................. Vi an kan c 3 nguyn t C tr ln th QT th theo t l s mol 1 : 1 c th bt k C no V d: CH3 - CH2 - CH2Cl CH3 - CH2 - CH3 + Cl2
a/s

+ CH3 - CHCl - CH3

HCl

b/ Phn ng tc dng bi nhit :

- Phn ng phn hu:

CnH2n

9000c + 2 khng c khng kh

t0 cao bt Fe

nC + (n + 1)H2
CnH2n + H2

Phn ng tch H2: CnH2n + 2 - Phn ng Crcking ( phn ng b gy mch)

Ankan v anken c khi l-ng nh hn

CnH2n
V d: C4H10

CRcking + 2

CxH2x

+ 2

+ CyH2y

( x + y = n)

CH4 + C3H6
Cracking

C2H6 + C2H4

c/ Phn ng chy - P oxyho hon ton.

CnH2n + 2 + nH2O
4) iu ch Ankan:
>

nCO2

3n 1 O2 nCO2 + (n+1) H2O 2 => nAnKan = nH2O - nCO2

CaO, t

a/ Ph-ng php chung: R - COONa + NaOH

R - H + Na2CO3

V d:

CH3COONa +

NaOH
R - R

CaO t0 cao

CH4 + Na2CO3

- C th dng ph-ng php ni mch R - X + 2Na + R - X V d : C2H5I + 2Na + CH3I

etekhan
/

etekhan

R - R/ R/ - R/

+ 2NaX C2H5 - C2H5 C2H5 - CH3 CH3 - CH3 3CH4 + 2NaI + 4Al(OH)3

b/ Ph-ng php iu ch CH4:

Al4C3 + 12H2O

Hoc Al 4C3 + 12HCl 3CH4 + 4AlCl3 - C th thu t kh thin nhin ( Trong kh thin nhin cha 95% CH 4 ) II. Hyro - Cc bon mch vng C tn : XicloAnkan. Cng thc chung: CnH2n => n 3 1) c im Cu to v danh php:

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- Cc nguyn t C lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt n to mch vng khp kn - c: XiClo + tn cc ankan t-ng ng

H2C CH2 H2C

H2C H2C

H2 C H2C CH2 C H2 H2C

H2 C CH2 CH2 C H2

XiCloPropan XicloPentan XiCloHecxan 2) Tnh cht ho hc: T-ng t nh- cc Ankan: Tham gia cc phn ng th v phn ng chy ... Vi cc XicloAnkan c KLPT nh nh- : XiCloPropan, XiCloButan khi tc dng vi Cl 2 hay B2 khan nng th phn ng xy ra theo c ch cng hp v vng s b ph v H2C t0c CH2 - CH2 - CH2 + Br2 CH2 H2C Br Br XiCloPropan 1, 3 - i Brm Propan

2. Hyro - Cc bon khng no

Cng thc chung: - a : s lin kt I. c im cu to - Phn loi - Danh php - ng phn. 1) c im cu to : Trong phn t c cc lin kt bi gia cc nguyn t cc bon hay c cc lin kt km bn. 2) Phn loi : C 3 loi c bn. a/ Hyro - Cc bon khng no c 1 lin kt i : Anken hay Olefin Ngha l : a = 1 => Ta c cng thc ca cc anken l: CnH2n n 2 b/ Hyro - Cc bon khng no c 2 lin kt i : Ankaien hay i olefin Ngha l: a = 2 => Cng thc ca Ankaien l : CnH2n - 2 vi: n 3 c/ Hyro - Cc bon khng no c 1 lin kt ba: Ankin. Ngha l: a = 2 => Cng thc ca Ankin l : CnH2n - 2 vi: n 2 3) Danh php: a/ Anken: c tn cc ankan t-ng ng nh-ng i ui an thnh ui ylen ( hoc ui en) + v tr ca ni i V d: C2H4 : CH2 = CH2 Etylen (eten) ; C3H6 : CH2 = CH - CH3 Propylen (ProPen) C4H8 CH2 = CH - CH2 - CH3 Butylen - 1 (Buten - 1) CH3 - CH = CH - CH3 Butylen - 2 (Buten - 2) CH2 = C - CH3 2 - Metyl Propylen CH3

Cn H2n + 2 - 2a trong : - n : s nguyn t C

b/ Ankaien: c tn cc ankan t-ng ng nh-ng i ph m n thnh ui ien + v tr cc ni i.

V d: CH2 = C = CH2 Propaien ; CH2 = CH - CH = CH2 Butaien - 1, 3 CH2 = C = CH - CH3 Butaien - 1, 2 CH2 = C - CH = CH2 2 - metyl butaien -1, 3 ( iso - Pren ) CH3

c/ ankin : c tn cc ankan t-ng ng nh-ng i ui an thnh ui in + v tr ca lin kt 3

V d : C2H2 : CH CH Ankin (axetilen) C 3H4 : CH C - CH3 Propin C4H6 : CH C - CH2 - CH3 Butin - 1 CH3 - C C - CH3 Butin - 2 4) ng phn: - ng phn mch cc bon C 2 loi ng phn - ng phn v tr lin kt i ( hoc lin kt 3) V d : C4H8 ng phn mch C: CH2 = CH - CH2 - CH3 v CH2 = C - CH3 CH3

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ng phn v tr ni i : CH2 = CH - CH2 - CH3 v CH3 - CH = CH - CH3 Vi cc anken : Mt s anken c kh nng to ng phn khng gian(Cis - Trans) l nhng anken m: - Mi nguyn t cc bon lin kt i phi c 2 nhm th khc nhau a c C = C a b v c d b d V d : CH3 - CH = CH - CH3 c kh nng to ng phn CiS - TranS CH3 CH3 CH3 H C = C C = C

H H H CH 3 Cis - Buten - 2 ( ng phn cng pha) Trans - Buten - 2 (ng phn khc pha) II. Tnh cht ho hc: Nhn xt: Do trong phn t c cc lin kt km bn , d b gy => to iu kin cho cc nguyn t C c lin kt kt hp vi cc nguyn t nguyn t khc (Phn ng cng hp) hoc chng t lin kt vi nhau ( phn ng trng hp) hay d b cc cht Oxyho tc dng. 1) Phn ng cng hp: y l phn ng c tr-ng ca cc hp cht H - C khng no. Cc hp cht H - C khng no c kh nng cng hp vi: H2 , X2 , axt , H2O a/ An ken : CnH2n + H2 CnH2n + 2 ; CnH2n + X2 CnH2nX2 CnH2n + HX CnH2n + 1X ; CnH2n + H2O CnH2n + 1 OH b/ Ankaien: Cc phn ng cng hp u xy ra qua 2 giai on T hp cht c 2 ni i hp cht c 1 ni i hp cht ch cn lin kt n V d:
2 2 C 4H6 C4H8 C4H10 Cc Ankaien khi cng hp theo t l s mol 1 : 1 th s to thnh hn hp cc sn phm l

H 2 SO 4 ( l )

ng phn ca nhau V d: CH2 = CH - CH = CH2 + H2

Ni , t

1,2

CH3 - CH2 - CH = CH2 CH3 - CH = CH - CH3 CH3 - CHBr - CH = CH2 CH3 - CH = CH - CH2Br hp cht ch cn lin kt n
H2

1, 4 1,2

CH2 = CH - CH = CH2 + HBr

1, 4

c/ Ankin: Cc phn ng cng hp u xy ra qua 2 giai on

T hp cht c 2 ni i CnH2n - 2
0

hp cht c 1 ni i
H2

CnH2n

CnH2n + 2
pd , t

Nu ankin tc dng vi H2 c pd, t th P to hp cht Anken CnH2n - 2 + H2 Ankin tc dng vi axt: CH Tc dng vi axt hu c: R - COOH + C R' V d : CH3COOH + CH CH CH R - COO - C = CH 2 R' CH + HCl + HCl CH2 = CHCl CH3 - CHCl2

CnH2n

CH2 = CHCl VinylClorua

CH3COO - CH = CH2 Vinylaxetat , n-c H OH phi

** L-u : khi cc hp cht H - C khng no tc dng vi cc hp cht phn cc ( Nh- : axit H Cl tun theo qui tc Mc cp nhi cp V d : CH3 - CH - CH3 (SP chnh) CH3 - CH = CH2 + H OH
H 2 SO4 loang

OH CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - OH (sp ph) 2) Phn ng trng hp: - Phn ng trng hp l QT nhiu phn t nh ging nhau hoc t-ng t kt hp vi nhau to thnh mt hp cht c KLPT ln (Plyme)

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Cc hp cht H - C khng no u c kh nng Kt hp vi nhau to thnh hp cht plyme. V d: n CH = CH2
t , P , XT

( - CH - CH2 -

)n

CH3 Propilen CH3 Poly Propilen ( PP ) Cc ankaien khi tham gia phn ng trng hp s xy ra theo 2c ch (1, 2 ) v (1, 4) V d: n CH2 = CH - CH = CH2
Na (nc ) 1,2 1, 4

( - CH2 - CH = CH - CH2 - )n Poly Butaien - 1,4 ( - CH2 - CH - )n Poly Butaien - 1,2

CH = CH2 Ngoi 2 sn phm l Plyme phn ng cn to ra mt s sn phm ph khc, trong c hp cht VinylxiClohecxen - 3

H2 C HC HC C H2
Cc Ankin kh tham gia phn ng trng hp hn Anken v ankaien . Ch c ankin c KLPT nh nh- C2H2 hoc C3H4 mi tham gia phn ng v h s trng hp cng rt nh.

CH CH2

CH

CH2

V d:

3 C2H2

600oc

c
Benzen

hay

2 CH

CH

CuCl2/pdCl2

CH

C - CH = CH2

Vinyl axetilen

3 CH

C CH3

t0,p ,XT

CH3

CH3

1, 3, 5 - Tri Metyl Benzen CH3

3) Phn ng Oxyho :

a/ Phn ng Oxyho khng hon ton:

Cc hp cht H - C khng no c th b mt s cht Oxyho tc dng.

V d : Cc hp cht H - C khng no c th lm mt mu d2 KMnO4 - Anken b d2 thuc tm Oxho thnh r-u no 2 chc 3CnH2n + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O 3C2H4 + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O
2

3CnH2n(OH)2 + 2MnO2 3C2H4(OH)2 + 2MnO2

+ 2KOH + 2KOH

- Ankaien b d thuc tm Oxho thnh r-u no 4 chc 3CnH2n - 2 + 4KMnO4 + 8H2O 3CnH2n - 2(OH)4 + 4MnO2 + 4KOH + 8KOH + 4KOH

3C4H6 + 4KMnO4 + 8H2O 3C4H6(OH)4 + 4MnO2 - Axetilen b d2 thuc tm Oxho thnh axt Oxalic 3CH CH + 8KMnO4 + 4H2O

3HOOC - COOH + 8MnO2 Axt Oxalc

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Cn l-u : Anken v Ankaien tc dng vi KMnO4 c, nng th cc lin kt i b gy to thnh hp cht Xeton, axt hoc CO2 V d: 3CH3 - CH = CH2 + 10KMnO4 + 2H2O 3CH3 - COOH + CO2 + 10MnO2 + 10KOH CH3 - CH = C - CH3 + 2KMnO4 + H2O CH3 - COOH + CH3 - C = O + 2MnO2 + 2KOH CH3 C th vit tt cc PTP nh- sau: CH3 - CH = CH2 + 4{O] CH3 - C = C - CH3 + 3{O}
KMnO4 dac , t Cao KMnO4 dac , t Cao

CH3 CH3 - COOH + CO2

CH3 - COOH + CH3 - C = O CH3

CH3 Ngoi ra cc Anken cn c th b oxxyho nh bi O 2 hoc O3 V d: 2 CH2 = CH2 + O2

pdCl2 / CuCl2

b/ Phn ng Oxyho hon ton :

CnH2n CnH2n - 2 +

2CH3CHO CO2 v H2O =>

3n O2 2 3n 1 + O2 2

nCO2 + nH2O

nCO = nH2O
2

nCO2 + (n - 1)H2O

=>

nCO > nH2O

2

4) Phn ng th kim loi: Cc Ankin c lin kt 3 u mch ngoi tnh cht ca mt H - C khng no chng cn c kh nng tham gia cc phn ng th kim loi cc hp cht c kim V d: Hay : CH CH CH CH + Ag2O
NH3

Ag - C

CH + 2AgNO3 + 2NH3 CH + 2CuCl

NH3

C - Ag + H2O vng Ag - C C - Ag + 2NH4NO3

C - Cu + 2HCl Nu Hay : CH CH + 2CuCl + 2NH3 Cu - C C - Cu + 2NH4Cl Cc kt ta trn c th tc dng vi axt to thnh cc Ankin ban u. V d : Ag - C C - Ag + 2HCl CH CH + 2AgCl Ta c th p dng ph-ng php ny nhn bit cc Ankin c lin kt 3 u mch v tch cc Ankin ny ra khi hn hp. - Tc dng vi kim loi kim: 2CH CH + 2Na III. ng dng. 1) iu ch cc cht do: PE, PP, PVC, PVA ..... Cht do P.E : PVC : n CH2 = CH2
t 0 , P , XT t 0 , P , XT 1500 c

Cu - C

2CH

CNa + H2

( - CH2 - CH2 - )n PolyEtylen PolyVinylClo

n CH2 = CH Cl

( - CH2 - CH - )n Cl CH 3COO

PVA:

CH3COO

n CH = CH2
2) iu ch cao su tng hp

t 0 , P , XT

CH - CH2
Na (nc )

PolyVinylAxetat

a/ Cao su Butaien ( Bu na): n CH2 = CH - CH = CH2 b/ Cao su IsoPren:

n CH2 = C - CH = CH2 CH3

( - CH2 - CH = CH - CH2 - )n ( - CH2 - C = CH - CH2 - )n CH3

t , P , XT

c/ Cao su Buna-S :

n CH2 = CH - CH = CH2

n CH2 = CH

t 0 , P , XT

C6H5 ( - CH2 - CH = CH - CH2 - CH2 - CH - )n C6H5

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d/ Cao su BuNa-N:
n CH2 = CH - CH = CH2 + n CH2 = CH
t 0 , P , XT

CN ( - CH2 - CH = CH - CH2 - CH2 - CH - )n CN

e/ Cao su CloPren :

n CH2 = C - CH = CH2

t 0 , P , XT

( - CH2 - C = CH - CH2 - )n

Cl Cl (*) S l-c v cao su t nhin: - C trong m cy cao su, v d nh- cy Hvra. - Thnh phn chnh trong sao su t nhin l sn phm trng hp ca isopren ( - CH2 - C = CH - CH2 - )n CH3 - Cao su t nhin v cao su tng hp thng th-ng ch c tnh n hi trong mt phm vi t 0 nht nh: t0 cao th do, dnh ; t0 thp th cng, gin. khc phc ng-i ta ch ho mt l-ng nh l-u hunh (3 4% ) t0 = 130 1450c vo cao su. Qu trnh gi l qu trnh l-u ho cao su. Cao su l-u ho l nhng phn t cao su mch thng lin kt vi nhau qua cc nguyn t l-u hunh. IV. iu ch . 1) iu ch anken: - Tch H2 t cc ankan: - Crcking CnH2n + 2 C nH2n + 2
Fe , t cao CRacking

CnH2n + H2 CxH2x + 2 +
1700 . H 2 SO4 dac

CyH2y CnH2n + H2O CnH2n + ZnX2

- Tch n-c t r-u no n chc: CnH2n - Tch HX t CnH2n

+ 1

+ 1

OH

X:

CnH2n

+ 1

KOH / ROH

CnH2n + HX

- Cho dn xut i halozen tc dng vi Zn: CnH2nX2 + Zn 2) iu ch Ankaien: - Ph-ng php chung: Hyro ho ankan hoc anken (Tch H 2) V d: Hoc: CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH3
t 0 , XT Al2O3 , 6500 c

CH2 = CH - CH = CH2 + 2H2 CH2 = CH - CH = CH2 + H2 CH2 = CH - C

pd , t

CH3 - CH = CH - CH3 - Ph-ng php iu ch Butaien - 1,3 + T C2H2 : 2 CH CH CH2 = CH - C + T r-u etilic: 2 CnH2n +T Butaniol-2,3
+ 1

CuCl / NH 4Cl

CH

CH + H2
MgO / Zn , 5000 c

CH2 = CH - CH = CH2 CH2 = CH - CH = CH2 + 2H2O

OH

CH2 = CH - CH = CH2 + 2H2O + H2

CH3 - CH - CH - CH3 OH OH

H 2 SO4 Dac

3) iu ch Axetilen ( C2H2 )
- T t n ( CaC2 ) : CaC2 + 2H2O 2CH4 C2H2
15000 c

Ca(OH)2 C2H2 3H2

- T kh thin nhin ( thnh phn chnh CH4) =>

3. Hyro - cc bon thm

- H - C thm l nhng hp cht H - C c cha vng Benzen ( hay vng thm ). - Vng Ben zen l mt vng 6 cnh, trong c cc lin kt n xen k lin kt i

hay

A. Ben zen v cc ng ng ca ben zen.

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- Ben zen : CTPT C 6H6 ( Cng thc cu to nh- trn ) => Cng thc chung ca cc cht trong dy ng ng ben zen : C nH2n - 6 n 6 - Ta c th xem cc ng ng ca ben zen l nhng dn xut ca ben zen khi thay th 1 hay nhiu nguyn t Hyro trn vng ben zen bng cc gc H - C no ho tr 1 ( gc ankyl ) I. ng phn v danh php. 1) ng phn : ng phn v tr cc gc ankyl trn vng ben zen 2) Danh php : Chn 1 nhm th trn vng ben zen lm v tr s 1 ri nh s th t C trn vng ben zen .

R 1 6 V d : 5 4
- c: s th t ca nhm th + s nhm th + tn nhm th + ben zen V d: C7H8 CTCT vn tt C6H5 - CH3

2 3

V tri: 2 - 6 Ortho (- O) 3 - 5 Meta ( - m) 4 Para ( - p)

CH3

Hay

MetylBen zen ( Toluen )

C2H5

C6H5- C2H5 1 C8H10 CH3 1 1 3 1,3-iMetylbenzen m-Metyltoluen m-xilen CH3

H3C

etylbenzen CH3 CH3 1,2 iMetylBenzen O-Metyltoluen o-xilen

C6H4(CH3)2 2

CH3

1,4- iMetylBenzen P-Metyltoluen p-xilen

II. Tnh cht vt l: - Benzen v mt s ng ng ca benzen : Cht lng, khng mu, nh hn n-c, khng tan trong n-c nh-ng tan trong nhiu dung mi hu c. - Ben zen l dung mi ho tan nhiu cht nh-: I 2 , S , Cao su , cht bo, .... III. Tnh cht ho hc. 1) Tnh cht ho hc ca Benzen. - Vng Benzen c cc lin kt n xen k lin kt i => Benzen va c tnh cht ca H - C no, va c tnh cht ca H - C khng no.

a/ Tnh cht ca H - C no - Phn ng th :

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- Th Halozen: Khi c bt Fe v un nng Benzen tc dng -c vi Cl 2 v Br2 khan C6H6 + Br2 C6H5Br + HBr ( Brom Benzen) - Th Nitro ( - NO2 ): Khi c H2SO4 c, benzen tc dng vi HNO3 c NiTrobenzen C6H6 + HNO3
c
H 2 SO4 dac

Fe , t 0c

C6H5NO2
NiTroBenzen

H2O

Benzen d tham gia phn ng th hn H - C no mch h ( v th Nitro d dng).

b/ Tnh cht ca H - C khng no - Phn ng cng hp:

- Phn ng cng hp H2 ( Ni, t0) XiCloHecxan : C6H6 + 3H2 C6H12 - Phn ng cng hp Cl2 ( nh sng) HecxaCloXicloHecxan hay HecxaCloran C6H6 + Cl2 C6H6Cl6 ( thuc su 666 ) => Benzen kh tham gia phn ng cng hp hn H - C khng no mch h V Ben zen khng lm mt mu n-c Brm. 2) Tnh cht ca cc ng ng Benzen. a/ Phn ng th nhn ( Th vng Benzen) R a1/ C ch th vng Benzen: + Nu R l nhm th loi mt ( y e) th cc nhm th mi s -c nh v vo cc v tr Or tho hoc Para ( 2, 4, 6 ) trn vng Ben zen. 1 Nhm th loi 1: Gc ankyl, -NH2 , -OH , X- , ... 6 2 + Nu R l nhm th loai 2 ( ht e) th cc nhm th mi s -c nh v vo cc v tr Meta (3, 5) trn vng Benzen. Nhm th loi 2 gm: -NO2 , CH2=CH- , - CHO, - COOH, ... 3 5 - Cc hp cht c nhm th loi 1 d tham gia P th nhn Benzen. - Cc hp cht c nhm th loi 2 kh tham gia P th nhn
A/ S

Ni, t 0c

a2/ Phn ng th nhn ca cc ng ng ca Benzen

CH3

Do gc ankyl l nhm th loi 1 nn cc nguyn t Hyro cc v tr 2, 4, 6 tr nn linh ng v d ln l-t b thay th 1, 2 hoc c 3 nguyn t Hyro ny bng cc nguyn t nguyn t

CH3

Br

(O-BromToluen) + Br2
Fe , t0c 1:1

+
CH3

HBr

V d :

(P-BromToluen)
khc Hoc
Br

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CH3 CH3

+ 3Br2

Fe , t0c

Br

Br

3HBr

trng

Toluen

Br

2,4,6- Tri BromToluen

Hay
CH3 CH3

3HNO3 c

H2SO4 c

O2N

NO2

+ 3H2O

Toluen

NO2

2,4,6-TriNitroToluen ( TNT )

- Cc ng ng ca Benzen d tham gia phn ng th nhn hn Benzen. b/ Phn ng th nhnh. ( th gc ankyl) - Khi c nh sng khuch tn, Cl2 v Br2 khan c th th cc nguyn t Hyro gc ankyl ca cc ng ng Benzen

V d :
CH3

+ Br2

A/S

CH2Br

HBr

c/ Phn ng cng hp : Cc ng ng ca Benzen ch c kh nng cng hp vi H 2

V d :
CH3

3H2

Ni , t0c

CH3

MetylXiCloHecXan
3) Phn ng Oxyho:

a/ Phn ng Oxyho khng hon ton :

- Benzen khng lm mt mu d2 KMnO4 - Tluen v cc ng ng ca benzen c th b d 2 KMnO4 , un nng Oxyho axt Benzoic v cc axt mch h khc

CH3

3 O

d2KMnO4c t0

COOH

+ H2O ax- Benzoic

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C*H2 - CH2 - R + 5 O

d2KMnO4c t0

COOH

R- COOH

* B gy mch C d mch nhnh nh- th no ? b/ Phn ng Oxyho hon ton CO2 v H2O

CnH2n - 6 +

3n 2

O2

nCO2

(n - 3)H2O

IV. ng dng - Benzen: dng iu ch NiTrobenzen, Anilin, phm nhum, d-c phm, thuc tr su 666, DDT, .... - Tluen dng iu ch thuc n TNT , .... V. iu ch 1) Tch H2 t cc ankan hoc xicloankan t-ng ng: V d: Hoc C6H14 C6H12
pt , t 0c pt , t 0c

C6H6 C6H6
pt , t 0c

+ 4H2 + 3H2 C6H5 - CH3 + 4H2

C7H16

CH3

pd, t0c

CH3

+
2) Ph-ng php ni mch C6H5- X Hay Hoc C6H6 C6H6 + + 2Na + CH = CH2 R 3) Trng hp cc ankin 3CH CH
C , 6000 c

3H2

X-R
AlCl3

ete khan

C6H5 - R

+ 2NaX

+ X-R

AlCl3

C6H5 - R + HX C6H5 - CH - CH3 R C6H6

3CH

C
CH3

t0c, XT

H3C

CH3

1,3,5 - TriMetylBenzen
CH3
0

hoc cho

C6H6 + Na2CO3 B. Hyro - Cc bon thm khc. 1) StiRen: C8H8 hay C6H5 - CH = CH2 => cn c tn : VinylBenzen Trong phn t ng thi c 1 vng Benzen v 1 lin kt i ti mch nhnh => a/ Phn ng th vng benzen: gc vinyl l nhm th loi 2 => kh nng th nhn kh hn cc ng ng ca Benzen

C6H5COONa

+ NaOH

t c , Cao

b/ Tnh cht H - C khng no nhnh(gc Vinyl)

C6H5 - CH = CH2 C6H5 - CH = CH2 n CH = CH2
t 0c , XT , P

+ Br2

C6H5 - CHBr - CH2Br C6H5 - CHBr - CH3

+ HBr

( - CH - CH2 - )n

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C6H5 C6H5 PolyStiren

Ch-ng III. Cc hp cht c cha nhm chc

1. Hp cht c cha nhm chc.
Nhm chc : - Nhm chc l nhng nguyn t hay nhm nguyn t qui nh nhng tnh cht ho hc c tr-ng ca mt loi hp cht V d: Nhm - OH : Nhm chc ca r-u. Nhm - CH = O : Nhm chc ca Anht Nhm - NH2 : Nhm chc ca amin bc mt Nhm - COOH : ...................... Axt Ccboxilc ....................................................................................... II. Hp cht c cha nhm chc. - L nhng hp cht trong phn t c cha 1 hay nhiu nhm chc. - Hp cht c cha 1 nhm chc : hp cht n chc - ........................... 2 hay nhiu nhm chc ging nhau : Hp cht a chc - ................................................................. khc nhau : Hp cht tp chc V d: + Cc hp cht n chc: C2H5OH , CH3CHO , CH3COOH , ..... + Cc hp cht a chc: CH2 - OH , CHO , CH2 - CH - CH2 , COOH CH2 - OH CHO OH OH OH COOH I.

+ Cc hp cht tp chc : CH2 - CHO , CH3 - CH - COOH ........ OH NH2

C th xem cc hp cht c cha nhm chc l nhng dn xut ca cc hp cht H - C khi thay th mt hay nhiu nguyn t Hyro bng cc nhm chc - n l s nguyn t C trong gc H - C CnH2n + 2 - 2a - xAx - a l s lin kt - x l s nhm chc - A l k hiu mt nhm chc no

2. R-u ( Ancol )
I. nh ngha - ng phn - Danh php 1) nh ngha: - R-u ( hay Ancol ) l nhng hp cht hu c m trong phn t c cha mt hay nhiu nhm - OH kt hp vi gc H - C - Nhm chc ca r-u l : - OH ( nhm Hyroxyl ) - Cng thc chung ca r-u : CnH2n + 2 - 2a - x(OH)x + Nu a = 0 , x = 1 Cng thc chung ca r-u no n chc : CnH2n + 1OH n 1 V d: C2H5OH , CH3OH , C3H7OH ........ + Nu a = 1 , x = 1 Cng thc chung ca r-u khng no 1 ni i n chc : CnH2n - 1OH n 3 V d: CH2 = CH - CH2 - OH Nu nhm -OH gn vo C c lin kt i s khng bn, nguyn t H trong nhm - OH chuyn v to thnh hp cht anhit hoc xton .

CH3 - CH = CH2
Chuyn v

CH3 - C - CH3

Hoc

CH2 = CH

CH3 - CHO

OH

Chuyn v

HO

+ Nu a = 0 , x = 2 Cng thc chung ca r-u no 2 chc : CH2 - CH2 , CH3 - CH - CH2

CnH2n (OH)2

OH OH OH OH Nu 2 nhm -OH gn vo 1 nguyn t C khng bn , hp cht b Hyrat ho

hp cht anht hoc xeton.

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V d: CH 3 - CH - OH CH3 - CHO + H2O OH Cng thc chung ca r-u no 3 chc : CnH2n - 1(OH)3 : CH2 - CH - CH2 Glyxerin OH OH OH 2) ng phn : - ng phn mch Cc bon - ng phn v tr nhm -OH (1) CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - OH CH3 (2) CH3 - CH - CH2 - OH V d: C4H9OH (4) CH3 - C - OH CH3 (3) CH3 - CH2 - CH - OH CH3 CH3 - Cng thc (1), (2) : ng phn mch C - .............(1), (3), : ............v tr nhm - OH 3) Danh php: - Danh php thng th-ng: Gi tn H - C no t-ng ng ri i ui AN thnh ui ylc + v tr nhm -OH - Danh php quc t: Tn H - C t-ng ng + s nhm chc + Ol + v tr nhm -OH V d: - C2H5OH : R-u etylic hay Etanol , CH3OH : R-u Metylic hay Metanol - CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - OH R-u n - Butylic hay Butanol - 1 - CH3 - CH - CH2 - OH R-u iso Butylic hay 2 - MetylPropanol - 1 - CH3 - CH2 - CH - OH R-u 1 - MetylPrpylic CH3 Hay Butanol - 2 CH3 CH2 = CH - CH2 - OH ProPenol ( Vinyl metylic ) CH2 - CH2 etylenglycol CH3 - CH - CH2 ProPylenglycol -1, 2 ( etan - i ol ) ( Propan - i ol - 1,2) OH OH OH OH C3H5(OH)3 : CH2 - CH - CH2 Glyxerin ( Hay Propan - tri ol ) OH OH OH 4) Bc ca r-u : - -c xc nh bng bc ca nguyn t C m nhm -OH lin kt V d: Trong cc ng phn ca C4H9OH th : - Cng thc (1),(2): R-u bc 1 , - Cng thc (3) : R-u bc 2, - Cng thc (4): R-u bc 3 II. Tnh cht vt l : - Lng, cay, d tan trong n-c, d bay hi, ....... - Nhit si ca r-u cao hn nhiu so vi H - C c cng s nguyn t cc bon. V : Trong n-c cc phn t r-u lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt Hyro ... O - H ... O - H ... O - H ... ( ... : lin kt Hyro ) R R R - Lin kt (H) l lin kt to bi lc ht tnh in gia nguyn t H linh ng (mang in tch d-ng) vi nguyn t mang in tch m ( nguyn t c m in ln) - Nhng phn t c cha mt nhm nguyn t , nhm nguyn t ny c 1 nguyn t H linh ng lin kt vi 1 nguyn t c m in ln. V d: H - Cl , H - N - H , R-N-H , R-C-O-H + Nhit si u cao. + D tan trong n-c + D ho lng

+ Nu a = 0 , x = 3 C3H5(OH)3

H H O - c im ca nhng hp cht c kh nng tao lin kt H : III. Tnh cht ho hc . 1) Tc dng vi cc kim loi kim: mui Ancollat v H2 2R - CH2 OH + 2Na 2R - CH2 ONa + H2

A. Tnh cht chung ca r-u:

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V d: * L-u : 2R(OH)x + 2xNa 2C2H5 OH + 2Na C2H4 (OH)2 + 2Na R - ONa + HOH
-

2R(ONa)x + x H2 ( R : gc H - C ) 2C2H5 ONa + H2 (Natri Etyllat ) C2H4 (ONa)2 + H2 (Natri Etylen glycollat ) R - OH + NaOH R - O - c mi tr-ng kim

Hay R - O + HOH R - OH + OH - => 2) Tc dng vi Axt Este v n-c. - y l phn ng c tr-ng ca r-u. - Phn ng gia r-u v axt este v n-c : phn ng este

a/ Vi axt v c:

R OH V d:

HX +

H+

RX
H
+

H2O C2H5 Cl

( HX : axt khng cha Oxi ) + H2O ( HOB : axt c cha Oxi ) + H2O

C2H5OH

HCl
H+

R OH + H-O-B V d: C2H5OH +

R-O-B + H2O
H2SO4 c

H-O-NO2

C2H5 - O - NO2 EtylNitrat

R (OH)x V d:

x H-O-B

H2SO4 c

R (O - B)x
H2SO4 c

xH2O

C3H5 (OH)3

+ 3 H-O-NO2

C3H5 (O - NO2)3 + 3H2O Glyxerin,triNitrat

b/ Vi axt hu c:
H+

R'- COOH + R- OH axit r-u V d: CH3- COOH + C2H5OH

R'- COOR + este

H+

H2O CH3 - COO - C2H5 Etylaxetat + H2O

L-u : V phn ng xy thun nghch => tc xy ra theo chiu esteho mnh hn: dng H2SO4c

V d:

CH3- COOH
CH2- OH CH - OH

C2H5OH

H2SO4c

CH3 - COO - C2H5 Etylaxetat

H2O

CH 2 - O - CO - CH3 + 3 CH3COOH
H 2 SO4 dac

CH - O - CO - CH3 CH 2 - O - CO - CH3

+ 3H2O ( Glyxerin Triaxetat )

CH2- OH 3) Phn ng mt n-c

a/ R-u no n chc :
- t0 1700c v H2SO4c CnH2n + 1 OH Olefin v n-c: CnH2n + H2O
1700 c , H 2 SO4 dac 1700 c , H 2 SO4 dac

V d: C2H5 OH C2H4 + H2O Vi nhng Anken bt i phi tun theo qui tc Zaixp V d : CH3 - CH - CH2 - CH3 CH3 - CH = CH - CH3
1700 c , H 2 SO4 dac

( SP: chnh ) + ( SP: Ph ) H2O

- t0

OH 1400c v H2SO4c

CH2 = CH - CH2 - CH3 Ete v n-c: R-O-R

R - O - R' + H2O R' - O - R' => Nu l 2 r-u c gc H - C khc nhau th sau phn ng mt n-c ta thu -c hn hp 3 ete.
1

R OH + R' OH

1400 c , H 2 SO4 dac

C2H5 - O - C2H5

Convert by TVDT

91

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V d : C2H5 OH + CH3 OH
1400 c , H 2 SO4 dac
3 2

C2H5 - O - CH3

+ H2O

Cng thc (1) : i etyl ete , V d:

CH3 - O - CH3 Cng thc (2) : Ety Metyl ete , Cng thc (3) : i Metyl ete b/ R-u no a chc cng c th mt n-c hp cht khc
2 C2H4(OH)2 Glyxerin 4 tr-ng hp mt n-c :

1700 c , H SO4 dac

CH3 CHO + H2O CH3 CHO + 2H2O - C3H5 (OH)3

1700 c , H 2 SO4 dac

- C3H5 (OH)3
1700 c , H 2 SO4 dac

1700 c , H 2 SO4 dac

{ CH2 = C = CH - OH + 2H2O ] + 2H2O CH3 - C - CH2 - OH + H2O OH

CH

C - CH2 - OH

- C3H5 (OH)3

{ CH2

= C - CH2 - OH + H2O ]

O H - C - CH2 - CH2 + H2O O OH

- C3H5 (OH)3

1700 c , H 2 SO4 dac

{ CH = CH - CH2 - OH + H2O ] OH

4) Phn ng Oxyho.

a/ Phn ng Oxyho khng hon ton : R-u bc mt, bc hai b Oxiho bi CuO hoc O2 c bt Cu un nng
Anhit hoc Xeton t-ng ng. R - CH2 OH + CuO Hoc: 2R - CH2 OH R - CH - OH R' V d: CH3 - CH2 OH + CuO CH3 - CH - OH CH3 CH2 - OH + CuO + O2 + CuO
Cu , t

R - CHO + Cu

+ H2O + H2O

2R - CHO + 2H2O R - C = O + Cu R' CH3 - CHO + Cu + H2O + H2O CH3 - C = O + Cu CH3 CH = O

( i Metylxeton )

Hoc

+ 2CuO + 2Cu + 2H2O CH2 - OH CH = O ( Anhit acrylic ) - Mt s r-u bc 1 long c th b Oxyho bi O2 d-i tc dng ca men gim R - CH2 OH V d : CH3 - CH2 OH + + O2 O2
Men giam Men giam

Axt Hu c

R - COOH

+ H2O + H2O

b/ Phn ng Oxyho hon ton:

CnH2n + 2 - 2a - x (OH)x +

CH3 - COOH CO2 v H2O

3n 1 a x O2 nCO2 + (n + 1 - a)H2O 2 3n Vi r-u no chc: CnH2n + 1 OH + O2 nCO2 + (n + 1)H2O 2 => nH O > nCO => nR-u = nH O - nCO
2 2 2 2

V d :

CH3 - CH2 OH C2H4 (OH)2

+ +

3O2

2CO2 2CO2

+ +

3H2O 3H2O

5 O2 2

B. Tnh cht c tr-ng ring ca r-u a chc .

- Do trong phn t c nhiu nhm -OH Cc nhm -OH tc ng qua li ln nhau lm cho cc nguyn t H trong nhm OH tr nn linh ng hn, d b thay th hn. Cng v vy cc r-u a chc c th ho tan -c Cu(OH) 2 ngay nhit phng d2 xanh lam.
H

CH2 - OH 2CH - OH + Cu(OH)2

CH 2 - O Cu CH - O

O - CH2 O - CH

Convert by TVDT

92

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H

CH2 - OH CH 2 - OH HO - CH2 ng ( II ) Glyxerat IV. ng dng. - CH3OH : rt c, ch yu iu ch H - CHO - C2H5OH : Cht t trong y hc, kh trng, iu ch cao su, axt ...... - Glyxerin : Thuc chng n, thuc n Glyxerin TriNitrt C3H5 (ONO2)3 ....... V. iu ch . 1) iu ch r-u n chc . - lefin hp n-c: CnH2n + H2O - Anehit hoc xeton tc dng vi H2 R - CHO + R - C = O H2 + H2
Ni t 0c
H 2 SO4 loang

: CnH2n + 1 OH

R - CH2 - OH R - CH - OH
Ni t 0c

R' R' - Thu phn dn xut mn halozen trong mi tr-ng kim . R-X V d : C2H5 - Cl ( C6H10O5 )n + + + OHR - OH + XNaOH C2H5 - OH + NaCl t tinh bt hay Xenluloz ( C6H10O5 )n nH2O
Men Ruou

* iu ch r-u etylic :
C6H12O6 2) iu ch r-u a chc

nC6H12O6 + 2CO2

2C2H5 - OH

a/ R-u no 2 chc:
- Oxyho Olefin: 3CnH2n + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O 3CnH2n(OH)2 + 2MnO2 + 2KOH - Thu phn i halozen trong d2kim: CnH2n X2 + 2OHCnH2n (OH)2 + 2XC2H4 Cl2 + 2NaOH C2H4 (OH)2 + 2NaCl - Cho anehit 2 chc tc dng vi H2 CHO CH 2 - OH + CHO 2H2
Ni t 0c

V d:

CH 2 - OH

b/ iu ch Glyxerin ( R-u 3 chc )

- Thu phn cht bo trong mi tr-ng kim

V d: CH2 - O - CO - C17H35 CH - O - CO - C17H35 + 3NaOH

CH2 - OH CH - OH CH2 - OH
450 5000 c

3 C17H35 COONa

CH2 - O - CO - C17H35 - T Propylen CH3 - CH = CH2 CH2 = CH - CH3 + Cl2 CH2 = CH - CH2 Cl + Cl2 + H2O

CH2 = CH - CH2 Cl CH2 - CH - CH2 +

+ HCl HCl

CH2 - CH - CH2 + Cl OH Cl 2NaOH

Cl OH Cl CH2 - CH - CH2 + OH OH OH 2NaCl

3. Convert by TVDT

Ph nol 93

Thuviendientu.org
I. nh ngha: 1) Cc v d:
OH OH Hay : CH3

Hp cht Phnol :
Phe nol
CH2 - OH

O - CriZol

Hp cht R-u thm:

R - OH

Hay R-u Benzoic R l on mch thng

2) nh ngha : - Phnol l nhng hp cht hu c m trong phn t c cha nhm - OH lin kt trc tip vi vng Benzen (nhn thm). - R-u thm l nhng hp cht hu c m trong phn t c cha nhm - OH lin kt vi vng Benzen qua mt on mch thng ( Gc - R - ) II. Tnh cht vt l ca Phnol.

OH

Xt hp cht phnol n gin l:

- Cht rn, kt tinh, mu trng. - nhit th-ng khng tan trong n-c, nh-ng 70 0c tan v hn trong n-c - Phnol c, d gy bng. III. Tnh cht ho hc. 1) Tc dng vi cc kim loi kim: mui Phnollat v H2 2C6H5 OH + 2Na 2 C6H5 ONa + H2 Natri phnollat

2) tnh cht axt ca phnol. - Nhm - OH l nhm th loi 1 ( y e ) => mt e ko v vng Benzen , mt e nguyn t Oxi gim, lm cho lin kt O - H phn cc. Nguyn t H trong nhm -OH linh ng v c th tch khi phn t to thnh H+ t do ( mc d qu trnh ny l rt yu ) C6H5 OH C6H5 O- + H+ => Phnol c tnh cht ca mt axt yu ( tnh axt ca phnol cn yu hn c axt Cc bon nc ( H2CO3) Phnol cn c tn : Axt Phnic - V phnol l mt axt nn n c th tc dng vi d 2 kim mui ph nollat v n-c C6H5 OH V C6H5 ONa + + NaOH H2O + CO2 C6H5 ONa + H2O + NaHCO3 C6H5 OH

3) Tc dng vi Fomalhit 4) Phn ng xy ra vng Benzen.

Hp cht Phnolfomalhit v n-c (Xem phn Anhit )

Do nhm -OH l nhm th loi 1 nn cc nhm th mi s -c nh v vo cc v tr Ortho hoc Para

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1

OH

OH
2

O - BrmPhnol
Br

+ HBr + Br2
T l 1 : 1 1

OH

Br

P- BrmPhnol

OH

OH

Br

Br

Hay:

3 Br2

3HBr

Br

2,4,6- TriBrom Phenol

- L-u : T phnollat , ta c th iu ch -c este hoc ete thm. V d: C6H5 ONa + Br - CO - CH3 C6H5 - O - CO - CH3 Benzyl axetat Hoc C6H5 ONa + Cl - C2H5 C6H5 - O - C2H5 etyl, phenyl ete IV. ng dng v iu ch: 1) ng dng: - iu ch nha Phnolfomalehit v nhiu hp cht hu c quan trng khc 2) iu ch. - Tch t nha than - iu ch t Benzen : C6H6
Cl2 ( Fe , t 0c )

NaBr

NaBr

C6H5 Cl

NaOH

C6H5 OH

4 .

Cc hp cht A min

I. nh ngha - Danh php 1) nh ngha: A min l nhng dn xut ca amonic khi thay th 1, 2, hoc c 3 nguyn t H bng cc gc H - C R-N-H a min bc 1 H R-N-H H-N-H a min bc 2 R' H R - N - R''

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95

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a min bc 3 R' Nhm - NH2 : Nhm chc amin bc 1 , - NH - : nhm chc ca amin bc 2 , ...... => Bc ca cc a min -c xc nh bng s nguyn t H trong phn t NH 3 b thay th 2) Danh php : c tn gc H - C + a min ( hay amino ) V d : CH3 - NH2 : Metylamin , CH3 - NH - C2H5 : Etyl, metylamin CH3 - N - C2H5 : Etyl, imetylamin , C6H5 - NH2 : Phnylamin ( anilin ) CH3 H2N - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - NH2 : Hecxa metylen iamin CH2 = CH - NH2 : Vinylamin II. Tnh cht ho hc .

1) Tnh cht chung ca cc a min.

- Do cc amin l nhng dn xut ca NH3 => cc amin cng c tnh baz nh- NH3 ( hay cng c kh nng nhn proton) . C ngha l: Tc dng vi axt to thnh mui NH3 + H+ + H+ + HCl NH4+ R - NH3+ CH3 NH3 Cl metyl amoniClorua

R - NH2 V d :

CH3 NH2

Mui ca cc amin cng c tnh cht nh- mui NH4+ ca NH3 NH4+ + OH+ OH+ NaOH
t 0c t 0c

NH3

H2O + H2O CH3 NH2 + H2O

R - NH3+ CH3 NH3 Cl R - CH2 - NH2 R R' R'' >

R - NH2
t 0c

NaCl +

Tnh baz ca cc amin mch h, amin thm cng bc v NH3 -c sp xp : NH3 > C6H5 - NH2 R N: > R' NH: > R NH 2 : Tnh baz ca cc amin no mch h -c sp xp :

2) A ni lin ( phnylamin )
CTCT : C6H5 - NH2

NH2

- Tnh Ba z : V:

C6H5 NH2

H2SO4

(C6H5 NH3 )2SO4 Phenyl amonisunfat K2SO4 + 2C6H5 NH2 + 2H2O

(C6H5 NH3 )2SO4

+ 2KOH

Ngoi tnh cht ca mt a min , Anilin cn c kh nng tham gia phn ng th vng Benzen nh- hp cht phnol

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96

Thuviendientu.org
NH2 NH2

O2N

NO2

3 HO - NO2

H2SO4 c

3H2O

2,4,6- TriNitroAnilin
NO2
III. iu ch .

1) iu ch t NH3 theo s :

R'' NH3
+ R-X t c,P Cao
0

R- NH2
+ H - NH2

+ R'-X t , p cao
0

R- NH - R'

+ R''- X t0,Pcao

R' R

N:

V d :

C6H5 - Cl

t 0c , P cao

C6H5 - NH2

HCl

2) T hp cht cha Nitro ( - NO2 )

Kh Nitro bng nguyn t H mi sinh R - NO2 + 6{H} + 6{H}
Zn / HCl Zn / HCl

R - NH2

2H2O + 2H2O

V d :

C6H5 - NO2

C6H5 - NH2

5 . An e hit
I. nh ngha - Danh php

1) nh ngha : Anht l nhng hp cht hu c m trong phn t c cha 1 hay nhiu nhm chc - CH = O lin kt vi gc
H - C.

O Nhm chc ca anhit l - CHO hay C tn : nhm anhit C H Trong C O C tn : nhm Cc bo nyl

=> Cng thc chung ca cc Anht + Nu a = 0 , x = 1

CnH2n + 2 - 2a - x(CHO)x
CTPT

Cng thc ca anhit no n chc l n 0 . Nu t x = n + 1

CnH2n + 1 CHO
+ Nu a = 1 , x = 1 Nu a = 0 , x = 2

CxH2xO

CnH2n - 1 CHO n Convert by TVDT

Cng thc ca anhit khng no (1 ni i) n chc l : 2 v CTPT t-ng ng l: CxH2x - 2O x 1 Cng thc ca anhit no 2 chc l: hp cht c mu

97

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CnH2n (CHO)2
V d : C3H6O CH3 - CO - CH3 Xeton ( i metylxeton ) V cng thc ca R-u khng no (1 ni i) . V d: C 3H6O CH2 = CH - CH2 - OH n 0 * L-u : Cng thc CxH2xO : Cn ng vi cng thc ca hp cht Xeton no n chc. CH 3 - CH2 - CHO Anhit ( anhit Propyonic )

2) Danh php :
- Danh php thng th-ng: c Anhit + tn axt t-ng ng ( hoc tn R-u t-ng ng) - ................ quc t : c tn H - C t-ng ng + s nhm chc + al + v tr nhm - CHO V d : H - CHO - Anhit fomic ( anhit mtylic), CH3 CHO - Anhit axetic (.... etylic ) - Metanal ( fomal hit ) - Etanal H-CHO: kh,khng mu, mi xc kh chu,tan nhiu trong n-c. d 2 cha 40% H-CHO: d2 fomol CH2 = CH - CHO Anhit acylic ( hay Propenal ) , CHO Anhit Oleic ( Etan- i al ) CHO II. Tnh cht ho hc C th xem cc Anhit l nhng hp cht trung gian gia r-u bc 1 v axt hu c t-ng ng . Hay Anhit l nhng cht va c tnh Oxyho, va c tnh kh
-1

R- CH2 - OH
Tht vy :

+ H2 P. kh Anhit

+1

R- CHO

+ Ag2O / NH3 P. Oxyho Anhit

+3

R COOH

1) Phn ng kh : Khi anht tc dng vi H2 ( Ni, t0c )

CH3 - CHO + H2
Ni , t 0c
+1

R-u bc mt t-ng ng

CH3 - CH2 - OH
2e

=> Trong phn ng ny : C C -1 => Anht l cht Oxiho 2) Phn ng OXiho : Khi Anhit b Oxiho Axt hu c t-ng ng. NH3 , Cu(OH)2 hoc O2 c mui Mn+2 lm xc tc. a/ Tc dng vi Ag2O trong d2 NH3 axt hu c v bc. R - CHO Hay : + Ag2O
d 2 NH3

- Cht Oxiho c th l: Ag2O /

R - COOH

2Ag

R- CHO + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O RCOONH4 + 2NH4NO3 + 2Ag - Phn ng trn gi l phn ng trng bc hay phn ng trng g-ng - phn ng trng bc l phn ng c tr-ng ca cc anhit

b/ Tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 , t0c

R - CHO + 2Cu(OH)2
Mn
2

d 2 NH3

R - COOH

+ Cu2O
nu

+ 2H2O

c/ Tc dng vi O2 c Mn+2 lm xc tc
2R - CHO + O2 2R - COOH
+1

=> Trong cc phn ng ny : C C +3 : => Anht l cht kh * L-u : Anhit fomic c CTCT: H C = O => L anhit 2 chc => H Khi cc cht Oxiho tham gia phn ng d- th CO2 v H2O ( hoc Mui amoni ) V d : Hay: H - CHO + 2Ag2O
d 2 NH3

2e

CO2

H2O

+ 4Ag

H - CHO + 4AgNO3 + 6NH3 + 2H2O

OH OH

(NH4)2CO3 + 4NH4NO3 + 4Ag

OH OH

3) Tc dng vi Phnol: un nng

hp cht cao phn t

(n+2)

+ (n+1)O

CH __

__

CH

__ + (n+1)H2O n

R CH - R

Convert by TVDT

98

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V d :
OH OH OH OH

t0c (n + 2) + (n + 1) O

- CH2 --

- CH2

-+ (n + 1)H2O

CH2

phenolfomalhit Phn ng nh- trn gi l phn ng trng ng-ng: Vy : Phn ng trng ng-ng l phn ng trong nhiu phn t nh kt hp vi nhau to thnh 1 hp cht c KLPT ln v

nhiu phn t n-c

IV. iu ch .

1) Ph-ng php chung: Oxiho r-u bc 1 t-ng ng

R - CH2 - OH + CuO R - CHO + Cu + H2O

2) Ph-ng php iu ch ring a/ Anhit axetic :

C2H2 2C2H4 + + + O2
PdCl2 / CuCl2

2CH3 - CHO

H2O O2

HgSO4 , 800 c NO , t 0c

CH3 - CHO H - CHO + H2O

b/ Anhit fomic:

CH4

* L-u : Ng-i ta c th iu ch Xeton bmg cch oxiho r-u bc 2 t-ng ng R - CH - OH + CuO R - C = O + Cu + H2O O R' Hoc + ankin hp n-c: R - C CH + R' H2O
HgSO4 , 800 c

R - C - CH3

+ Nung mui Natri hoc Canxi ca axt Cc boxilic 2R - COONa

t 0c , cao

R - C - R || O

Na2CO3

(R - COO)2Na

t c , cao

R - C - R || O

CaCO3

5.
I . nh ngha - Danh php

A xt cc b xi lic ( axit hu c )

1) nh ngha : A xt Ccboxilc l nhng hp cht hu c m trong phn t c cha 1 hay nhiu nhm Ccboxyl ( COOH) kt hp vi gc H - C Cng thc chung ca cc axt Cc boxilic:

CnH2n + 2 - 2a - x(COOH)x
99

Convert by TVDT

Thuviendientu.org
O => Nhm chc ca cc axit hu c l : - COOH hay C O-H
+ Nu a = 0 , x = 1 cng thc ca axt no n chc l : (n 1) 0)

gi : nhm Ccboxyl

CnH2n + 1COOH CxH2xO2

(x

Nu t n + 1 = x

cng thc ca axt no n chc l :

CxH2xO2 ny cn ng vi cng thc ca:

V d: C2H4O2 : axt CH3 - COOH , este

este no n chc v hp cht tp chc (1 nhm - OH v 1 nhm - CHO ) Tp chc HO - CH2 - CHO

H - COOCH3 ,

+ Nu a = 1 , x = 1
1COOH

cng thc ca axt khng no ( 1 ni i) n chc l : (n 2)

CnH2n
(n 0)

+ Nu a = 0 , x = 2 V d : C2H2O4

cng thc ca axt no 2 chc l : HOOC - COOH : ax

CnH2n (COOH)2

Oxalic

2) Danh php:
- Danh php lch s ( tn gi -c t khi tm ra n) - ............... quc t: c tn H - C t-ng ng + s nhm chc + oic V d: ` H - COOH : axt fomic ( Mtanoic ) CH3 - COOH : axt axetic ( Etanoic ) C2H5 - COOH : axt Propionic ( Propanoic ) .................................................................................... C15H33 - COOH : axt C17H35 - COOH : axt Panmetic ( Hecxacanoic) Stearic (Octacanoic )

CH2 = CH - COOH : axt ACrylic ( Propenoic ) CH2 = C - COOH : axt MetaCrylic ( - MetylPropenoic )

CH3 C17H33 - COOH hay CH3 - (CH2)7 - CH = CH - (CH2)7 - COOH : axt Olic HOOC - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - COOH : axt Aipic (Hecxan i oic) HOOC - COOH : ax II. Tnh cht vt l : ( SGK 12 ) - Nhit si ca cc axt ln hn nhit si ca r-u v cc hp cht khc c cng s nguyn t cc bon. v trong n-c cc phn t axt lin kt vi nhau bng 2 lin kt Hyro. Oxalic ( Etan i oic)

O ... H - O R-C O - H ... O

III. Tnh cht ho hc. Trong n-c cc axt Cc boxilic cng phn ly thnh cation hyro ( H + )

C - R

Ba chm ( . . . ) l lin kt Hyro

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100

Thuviendientu.org
O O R C O
Hay : R - COOH

R H
R - COO -

C O+ H+

+ H+

- Cc axt cc bo xilic phn ly khng hon ton => chng l nhng axt yu - ............................. mang y tnh cht ca mt axt nh- nhng axt v c. C ngha l:

1) Tc dng vi baz, Oxtbaz

R - COOH 2R - COOH + + OH MgO

mui v n-c R - COO + H2O + H2O

(R - COO )2Mg

2) Tc dng kim loi mnh

2R - COOH + Mg

mui v H2 (R - COO )2Mg mui v n-c 2R - COO Na + CO2 + H2O + H2

3) Tc dng vi mui ca axt yu hn

2R - COOH + Na2CO Este v n-c. + O R' - OH r-u

4) Tc dng vi r-u
R - COOH a xt * L-u : Axit fomic

H 2 SO4 dac

R - COO - R' + ESte

H2O

H - C -O - H c nhm chc anhit => n vn c tnh cht ca 2 an hit

IV. iu ch v ng dng :

1) iu ch : a/ Ph-ng php chung :

- Oxyho anhit : Hay : R - CHO + Ag2O 2R - CHO + O2
d 2 NH3 Mn
2

R - COOH 2R - COOH

+ 2Ag

- Oxyho r-u long: R - CH2 - OH + O2 R - COOH + H2O Gi l ph-ng php lm gim. Ch yu dng iu ch CH 3 - COOH long (gim)

Men giam

b/ Ph-ng php iu ch CH3 - COOH:

- Ph-ng php ch-ng g: Khi ch-ng g trong ni kn ta thu -c mt hn hp (CH3)2CO , CH3 OH , CH3 - COOH , H2O , Hc n. Tch hc n ta -c d2 c cha: (CH3)2CO , CH3 OH , CH3 - COOH tan trong n-c. Bng ph-ng php ho hc ta tch -c CH3 COOH ra khi hn hp. - Trong cng nghip, c th sn xut CH3 COOH t C2H2 theo nguyn tc : CH CH + H2O O2
HgSO4 , 800 c Mn
2

CH3 - CHO

2CH3 - CHO +

2CH3 - COOH

2) ng dng:
( Nh- sch gio khoa ) - ESte ca cc axt khng no ch yu dung iu ch thu tinh hu c V d: n CH2 = CH COOC2H5 COOCH3
XT , t 0c , P

CH2 - CH COOC2H5 n COOCH3

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101

Thuviendientu.org
n CH2 = C CH3
XT , t 0c , P

CH2

C CH3 n

6. I. nh ngha

ESTE

- Phn ng gia Axt v r-u to thnh ESte v n-c gi l phn ng ho E Ste. - Hp cht Este l sn phm ca phn ng gia r-u v axt

O R-C O- H Axt R-u

H
+

O + R' - OH R- C O - R' ESte + H2O

V phn ng ho este v phn ng thu phn xy ra ng-c chiu nhau => Mun cho phn ng xy ra theo chiu este ho xy ra mnh hn ta dng H2SO4 c R - COOH a xt + R' - OH r-u
H 2 SO4 dac

R - COO - R' + ESte

H2O

Cch c tn : c tn gc H - C ca r-u + tn gc ca axt V d: C2H5 - COOH axt Propionic + CH3 - OH r-u Metylic
H 2 SO4 dac H 2 SO4 dac

C2H5 - COO - CH3 + MetylPropionat

H2O

CH2 = CH - COOH + CH3 - CH - OH

CH2 = CH - COO - CH - CH3 + H2O

CH3 axt aCrylic II. Tnh cht vt l : R-u is - Propylic

CH3 is - Propyl aCrylat

a s cc este ca r-u vi cc axt hu c u dng lng, c mi thm hoa qu, d bay hi. - CH2 - CH(CH3)2 Is amyl axetat ( mi du chui ) III. Tnh cht ho hc . Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca cc este l phn ng thu phn

V d:

CH 3 - COO - CH2

O R- C O - R'
C 2 tr-ng hp xy ra:

O + H2O R-C O- H
axt hu c v r-u

R' - OH

1) Phn ng xy ra trong mi tr-ng axt ( H+ )

R- COO - R' Este

H2O

H+

R- COOH axt

R' - OH R-u

Phn ng xy ra 2 chiu ng-c nhau ( P thun nghch )

2) Phn ng xy ra trong mi tr-ng kim ( OH - )

Phn ng xy ra mt chiu

Mui ca axt hu c v r-u

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OH-

R- COO - R' Este

H2O

R- COOH + OHHay : R - COO - R' V d : CH3 - COO - C2H5

CH2 - O - CO - R

+ +

OH NaOH

R- COOH + R' - OH axt R-u R- COO + H2O R- COO - + R' - OH CH3 - COONa + C2H5 OH

* Cht bo ( li pit ) l este ca Glyxerin ( r-u 3 ln r-u ) vi cc axt bo R , R' , R'' : gc H - C ca cc axt bo - Cc Axt bo th-ng gp l CH - O - CO - R' => + C17H35 COOH : ax. Stearic + C17H33 COOH : ax. Oleic CH2 - O - CO - R'' V d : CH2 - O - CO - C17H35 + C 15H33 COOH : ax. Panmetic CH2 - O - CO - C17H33

CH - O - CO - C17H35

CH - O - CO - C17H33

CH2 - O - CO - C17H35 Glyxerin tri Stearat

CH2 - O - CO - C17H33 Glyxerin tri Oleat

- Lipit c 2 loi : + Lipit rn ( m, b ): l este ca Glyxerin vi cc axt bo no + Lipit lng ( du ) : l este ca Glyxerin vi cc axt bo khng no

- Lipit c tnh cht ho hc t-ng t nh- cc este ni chung + Phn ng thu phn trong mi tr-ng axit. CH2 - O - CO - C17H35 H+ CH - O - CO - C17H35 + 3H2O CH2 - O - CO - C17H35 + Phn ng thu phn trong mi tr-ng kim CH2 - O - CO - C17H35 CH2 - OH CH - OH + 3C17H35 COOH CH2 - OH CH2 - OH

CH - O - CO - C17H35

+ 3NaOH

CH - OH

3C17H35 COONa

CH2 - O - CO - C17H35

CH2 - OH

- Thnh phn chnh ca x phng l mui kim loi kim ca cc axt bo => phn ng thu phn trong mi tr-ng kim -c gi l phn ng ho x phng ( P to x phng ).

7.
I . Khi nim v cc hp cht Gluxt

Cc hp cht Gluxt

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1) nh ngha: l nhng hp cht tp chc m trong phn t c cha nhiu nhm - OH v cc nhm cc bo nyl ( >C=O )

2) Phn loi : C 3 loi

- Mono xccarit : cha mt nhm nguyn t C, H, O nh- Glucoz, Fructoz: C 6H12O6 - i xccart : Cha 2 gc mono xccarit nh- : xc caroz, man tz - Po ly Xccarit : Cha nhiu gc mono xccart nh- Tinh bt , Xenluloz : ( C 6H10O5 )n II. Glucoz

1) Tinh cht vt l: Tinh th nh mn, ngt mt, tan tt trong n-c 2) Cng thc cu to:
CTCT CH2 - CH - CH - CH - CH - CH = O CTPT C6H12O6

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

Hay CH2OH - (CHOH)4 - CHO

3) Tnh cht ho hc :
Trong phn t c 5 nhm - OH v 1 nhm - CH = O => glucoz l hp cht c 5 chc r-u v 1 chc anht . =>

a/ Tnh cht ca r-u a chc :

+ Tc dng vi cc kim loi kim + Tc dng vi axt

Glucozat v H2

Este a chc v n-c

+ Tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit phng b/ Tnh cht ca anht: + Tc dng vi H2 R-u 6 ln r-u R-u 5 ln r-u mt ln axt

+ Tc dng vi cc cht Oxyho

c/ Phn ng ln men:
C6H12O6

r-u etylic v CO2

Men Ruou

2C2H5 OH

2CO2

4) iu ch : a/ Thu phn tinh bt hoc Xenluloz : ( C6H10O5 )n

( C6H10O5 )n + nH2O
H
Ca(OH ) 2

nC6H12O6 C6H12O6

b/ Trng hp fomalhit: 6 H - CHO

* L-u : nH - CHO
XT , t 0c

CH2OH - ( CHOH )n - 2 - CHO C6H12O6 - C tnh cht ca r-u a chc, nh-ng khng tham gia phn ng trng bc

5) ng phn ca glucoz - Fructoz :

CTCT CH2 - CH - CH - CH - C - CH2

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

- Ngt hc, c nhiu trong mt ong ( 40% )

III . Xc caroz ( -ng knh )

1) Tnh cht l hc v trng thi t nhin:

CTPT : C12H22O11 : hp cht i xccart - Tinh th khng mu, ngt, tan tt trong n-c - C trong cy ma, c ci -ng, c rt, qu tht nt .... - c im cu to: Phn t -c to bi 2 gc mono Xccart l glucoz v fructoz

2) tnh cht ho hc .
Thu phn trong H+ glucoz v fructoz

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C12H22O11 + H 2O
H

C6H12O6

C6H12O6

3) ng phn ca xccaroz - Mantoz ( mch nha) :

C12H22O11 Glucoz

Phn t -c to bi 2 gc glucoz => Khi b thu phn C12H22O11 IV. Tinh bt + H2O
H

2C6H12O6

1) Tnh cht l hc v trng thi t nhin:

- Bt mn, mt tay, khng tan trong n-c lnh, tan mt phn trong n-c nng - Trong t nhin c trong cc ht hoc c: go, ng, m , khoai, sn ......... h tinh bt

2) Cu to phn t.
- Tinh bt l hp cht Poly xccart => N l hp cht cao phn t sn c trong t nhin - Phn t -c to nn t hng trm n hng ngn gc glucoz => CTPT : ( C 6H10O5 )n - Cc mt xch C6H10O5 lin kt vi nhau theo 2 kiu:

+ Cu trc mch thng : amiloz ( chim 20% )

+ Cu trc mch nhnh: amilopeptin ( chim 80% )

Nu biu din mt mt xch C6H10O5 l:

3) Tnh cht ho hc:
H

a/ Phn ng thu phn : b/ Tc dng vi n-c It :

( C6H10O5 )n

nH2O

nC6H12O6

hp c mu xanh lam

Da vo tnh cht ny nhn ra h tinh bt v ng-c li

4) S to thnh tinh bt : Nh c cht dip lc m cy xanh c th hp th nng l-ng nh sng mt tri v tng hp -c tinh
bt t CO2 v H2O Qu trnh phn ng rt phc tp => c th n gin ho phn ng nh- sau :

6n CO2 +
V. Xen luloz

5n H2O

Cht dip lc hp th nng l-ng as mt tri

(C6H10O5)n

6n O2

1) Tnh cht l hc v trng thi t nhin:

- Rn, dng si, khng tan trong n-c v bt k dung mi hu c no. Xenluloz ch tan trong n-c Svyze. - C trong mng t bo thc vt : + Bng l xenluloz gn nh- nguyn cht

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+ Trong g cha 50% xenluloz, ngoi ra cn c trong tre, na, gai, ay, ......

2) Cu to phn t.
- Xenluloz l hp cht cao phn t sn c trong t nhin - Phn t Xenluloz -c to t nhiu gc glucoz => thnh mch thng CTPT : ( C 6H10O5 )n v cc mt xch C6H10O5 lin kt vi nhau to

OH Trong mi mt xch C6H10O5 c 3 nhm -OH => CTCT l

3) Tnh cht ho hc a/ Tc dng vi axt
H2SO4c

(C6H7O2)

OH

OH n
este v n-c

OH (C6H7O2)
OH

O - NO2 + 3nHNO3 (C6H7O2)

O - NO2

+ 3nH2O

OH n
Xenluloz trinitrat

O - NO2

OH Hay (C6H7O2) OH OH n + 3CH3COOH

H2SO4c

OCO-CH3 (C6H7O2) OCO-CH3 OCO-CH3 + 3H2o

n
Xenluloz Tri axetat
+ nH2O
H

b/ Phn ng thu phn: 4) ng dng : a/ iu ch t nhn to.

( C6H10O5 )n

nC6H12O6

* T l nhng polyme mch thng xp song song son vo mt trc to thnh si. * C 2 loi t: + T t nhin : T tm + T ho hc : - T tng hp l nhng Plyme c tnh cht ging t -c con ng-i tng hp nn t nhng hp cht hu c n gin ( T Clorin, t Nilon - 6,6 ... ) - T nhn to l nhng Plyme c tnh cht ging t -c con ng-i chuyn ho t dng Plyme ny sang dng plyme khc ( T ViSco, t Axetat ... )

b/ iu ch thuc sng khng khi, sn xut nha Xenluloit, vc ni, ......

8. Cc hp cht Amino axit - Protit

I. Cc hp cht a mi no axit

1) nh ngha: A minoaxt l nhng hu c tp chc m trong phn t cha ng thi nhm chc axt ( - COOH) v chc amin
( - NH2) trong phn t. V d : NH2 - CH2 - COOH NH 2 - CH2 - CH2 - COOH

2) Danh php:

Axt + v tr nhm - NH2 + a mi no + tn axt t-ng ng

V tr C trong mch cc bon ca gc H - C :

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CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - COOH V d : NH2 - CH2 - COOH a xt amino axic NH2 - CH2 - CH2 - COOH a xit CH3 - CH - COOH a xit , amino Propyonic

, amino Propyonic CH3 - CH - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - COOH

NH2 NH2

axt -

, amino caproic

HOOC - CH - CH2 - CH2 - COOH

a xit -

, amino Glutamic

NH2 II. Tnh cht ho hc: - V phn t ng thi c 2 nhm chc: Chc axt (- COOH) v chc amin (- NH2) => cc amino axt va c tnh cht ca mt axt, va c tnh cht ca mt ba z

1) Tnh cht ca mt axt:

Mang y tnh cht ca mt axt nh- : Tc dng vi Baz, Oxtbaz, kim loi mnh, mui ca axt yu hn, r-u. V d: NH2 - CH2 - COOH + NaOH NH2 - CH2 - COONa Natri amino axetat CH3 - CH - COOH + C2H5 OH
H 2 SO4 dac

H2O

CH3 - CH - COO - C2H5

H2O

NH2

NH2 Etyl -

, amino Propyonat

2) Tnh Cht ca mt ba z : Tc dng vi axt to thnh mui

CH3- CH - COOH + NH2

HCl

CH3 - CH - COOH NH4Cl

a xit -

, amoniClorua Propyonic

3) Phn ng trng ng-ng.

Do trong phn t ng thi cha 2 nhm - COOH v - NH2 => cc amino axt c th tc dng vi mhau to thnh hp cht c KLPT ln v nhiu phn t n-c n NH2- CH - COOH + n NH2- CH - COOH
t 0c

- NH- CH - CO - NH- CH - CO -

+ 2nH2O

R'

R Poly Peptit

R'

Trong mch Poly peptit c lin kt Peptit ( - CO - NH - ) rt km bn, d b thu phn trong mi tr-ng axit hoc kim. II. Hp cht Prtit

1) Trng thi t nhin: C trong tt c trong c th ng vt v thc vt

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2) Cu to : a/ Thnh phn nguyn t : - Thnh phn chnh : C, H, O, N
- Cc Protit khc nhau cn cha thm cc nguyn t khc nhau V d: Cadin trong sa : S, P , Hmglopin trong mu: Fe , Protit trong lng trng trng: S

b/ Cu to: - Prtit l hp cht cao phn t sn c trong t nhin

- Protit -c cu to t cc t nht nh. - Amino axit : trong phn t cc - Amino axit kt hp vi nhau theo mt trnh

- C th xem Protit gm cc mch di ( hoc chui) cc Polt peptit to thnh III. Tnh cht ca Protit:

1) Phn ng thu phn.

Do trong phn t Protit c nhm peptit ( - CO - NH - ) km bn => - NH-CH -CO- NH- CH - CO - + 2nH2O
H ( OH )

nNH2 - CH - COOH + nNH2 - CH - COOH

R lng trng trng

R'

R
2

R'

2) S ng t: Mt s protit tan trong n-c lnh to thnh d keo. Nh-ng khi un nng d2 keo th protit b ng t . V D : 3) Phn ng mu: Protit tc dng vi mt s hp cht v c
- Tc dng vi HNO3 c - .................... Cu(OH)2 hp cht c mu vng hp cht c mu tm xanh cc hp cht mang mu

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