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MT S NHN XT GII TON ANCOL ANEHIT


ng bi nhooi trong Phng php gii TNHH

MT S NHN XT GII TON ANCOL ANEHIT DNG 1 : KHI GP DNG TON T CHY ANCOL Khi t chy ancol : n H2O > n CO2 ancol no n ancol chy = n H2O n CO2

VD : oxi ha 0,6 gam mt ancol n chc bng oxi khng kh, sau dn sn phm qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 c, bnh 2 dng
dd KOH d. Khi lng bnh 1 tng 0,72, bnh 2 tng 1,32 gam. CTPT ca ancol A l : A. C2H6O B. C3H8O C. C4H10O D. C5H12O

Gii :Cch 1 : tnh mC; mH; mO thit lp CT dang tong qut n CO2 = 1,32 / 44 = 0,03 n H2O = 0,72 / 18 = 0,04 n H2O > n CO2 ancol no n chc CnH2n + 2O n ancol chy = n H2O - n CO2 = 0,04 -0,03 = 0,01 M = 14n+18 = 0,6/0,01 = 60 n=3B

DNG 2: GII TON NG NG K TIP BNG PP TRUNG BNH


VD 1 : t chy a gam hh 2 ancol X, Y cng dy ng ng ca ancol metylic thu c 35,2 gam CO2 v 19,8 gam H2O. Tm CTPT ca hai ancol. Tnh khi lng a Gii :

VD 2 : Hiro ha hon ton 14,6 gam hh 2 andehit no, n chc, ng ng k tip thu c 15,2 gam hh 2 ancol. Tm CTPT ca 2 anehit.

DNG 3 : KHI CHO ANCOL TC DNG VI Na ; K - nu n H2 = n ancol ancol n chc v ngc li - nu n H2 = n ancol ancol hai chc v ngc li - m ancol + m Na = m mui + m H2
VD : Cho 0,1 mol ancol A tc dng vi Na d thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 (ktc) v 12 gam mui khan. Xc nh CTPT ca A Gii : Gi CTTQ ca ancol R(OH)a R(OH)a + Na 1 0,1 a=2 M R(ONa)a = 12/0,1 = 120 = MR + 2(23+16) MR = 42 = 12x + y x< 42/12 = 3, 4 x y 1 30 C3H6(OH)2 2 18 3 6 0,1 R(ONa)a + a/2 H2 1 0,1 a/2

DNG 4 : PHN NG TCH H2O T ANCOL TO ANKEN


Khi tch nc t ancol no, n chc thnh anken th: n ancol = n anken Khi t ancol v anken : n CO2 (ancol) = n CO2 (anken)

VD : Chia a gam ancol etylic thnh hai phn bng nhau phn 1 t chy hon ton thu c 3,36 lt CO2 phn 2 tch nc hon ton thnh etilen. t chy ht lng etilen thu c m gam H2O . tnh m

Gii : n CO2 (ancol) = n CO2 (anken) = 3,36 / 22,4 = 0,15 mol M vi anken : n CO2 (anken)= n H2O (anken) = 0,15 mol m=0,15 . 18= 2,7 gam

DNG 5 : PHN NG TCH H2O T ANCOL TO ETE


- Khi un ancol ( H2SO4 c , 1400C) tnh s ete thu c theo cng thc sau : Vi a l s ancol em phn ng

- m ancol = m ete + m H2O VD : un nng 132,8 gam hh 3 ancol no, n chc vi H2SO4 c , 1400C thu c hh cc ete c s mol nh nhau v c tng khi lng 111,2 gam. S mol mi ete l : Gii :

DNG 6 : KHI T CHY ANEHIT NO N CHC, MCH H.


Khi t chy andehit no, n chc mch h th : n H2O = n CO2 Khi hiro ha andehit thnh ancol, ri t chy ancol th + n CO2(ancol) = n CO2 (andehit) + n H2O (ancol) n H2O (andehit) = n H2 (p) VD : t chy hh hai andehit no n chc thu c 0,25 mol CO2 . Cn khi hidro ha hon ton hh andehit nay cn 0,15 mol H2 th thu c hh hai ancol no n chc. nu t chy hon ton hh 2 ancol ny th khi lng nc thu c l bao nhiu? Gii : n CO2(ancol) = n CO2 (andehit)= 0,25 mol

n H2O (ancol) = n H2O (andehit) + n H2 (p) = 0,25 + 0,15 = 0,4 m H2O ( ancol) = 0,4 .18 = 7,2 gam

DNG 6 : KHI ANEHIT THAM GIA PHN NG TRNG GNG.

DNG 7 : KHI CHO ANCOL A CHC TC DNG VI Na, K , HCl

DNG 8 : HIU SUT


VD 1 :Tnh khi lng ca glucozo cn dng iu ch 0,1 lt C2H5OH ( d= 0,8 g/ml) vi hiu sut l 80% Gii m ancol = 100.0,8 = 80gam n ancol= 1,74 C6H12O6 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 0,87 1,74

m glucozo = 0,87. 180.100/80= 195,78 gam VD 2: Tnh khi lng np phi dng khi ln men(hiu sut 50%) thu c 460 ml ancol 500 . Bit tinh bt trong np l 80%, khi lng ring ca ancol 0,8 g/ml. C 100 ml ancol th c 50 ml ancol ng cht 460 ml ?= 230 ml

m ancol ng cht = 230 . 0,8 = 184 gam (C6H10O5)n n C6H12O6 2n C2H5OH 162 n g ? 92 n g 184 g

m tinh bt cn = 184 . 162/92 . 100/50 = 648 g m np cn = 648 . 100/80=810g

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