S (V) gii ha ph thng

13/10/2007
Vi ring mn Ho, hin nay c rt nhiu phng php gii nhanh. gip cc bn hc sinh hc tt hn mn Ho, mt khc cng gip cho mn Ho ngy cng phong ph hn, ti xin gii thiu vi cc bn mt phng php gii nhanh, l: S (V). N rt hu hiu, nhanh hn c nh lut bo ton electron, hn ch vit phng trnh phn ng. Sau y l cng thc v cc bi tp p dng : * iu kin: Khi cho mt hay nhiu kim loi c ho tr khc nhau vo dung dch H2SO4, HCl, HNO3, Kim loi ng trc H trong dy in ho. Ta c s (V):

( vi a, c l cc h s, b l ho tr chung cho cc kim loi ) Bi tp p dng : Vd 1 : Ho tan ht 11 gam hn hp kim loi gm Al , Fe, Zn trong dung dch H2SO4 long thu c 0,4 mol H2 v x gam hn hp mui khan. Tnh x ? . A. 48,6 gam B. 49,4 gam C. 89,3 gam D. 56,4 gam Bi lm Gi : R l chung cho cc kim loi : Al , Fe , Zn . Ho tr chung l b

Vd 2 : t chy ht 2,86 gam hn hp kim loi gm Al, Fe , Cu c 4,14 gam hn hp 3 oxit . ho tan ht hn hp oxit ny, phi dng ng 0,4 lt dung dch HCl v thu c dung dch X. C cn dung dich X th khi lng mui khan l bao nhu ? . A. 9,45 gam B.7,49 gam C. 8,54 gam D. 6,45 gam Bi lm Gi : R l chung cho cc kim loi : Al , Fe , Cu.Ho tr chung l b R -> Rb+-> RClb , nO = (4,14 - 2,86)/16 = 0,08 .

Vd 3 : t chy x gam hh 3 kim loi Mg , Al , Fe bng 0,8 mol O2 , thu c 37,4 gam hh rn B v cn li 0,2 mol O2 . Ho tan 37,4 gam hh B bng y lt dd H2SO4 2 M ( va ) , thu c z gam hh mui khan . Tnh x, y,z . A. 18,2gam, 0,6 lt, 133,4 gam B.98,3gam,0,7lt,122,4gam C. 23,1gam, 0,8lt, 123,4gam D.89,5gam,0,5lt,127,1gam Bi lm Gi : R l chung cho cc kim loi : Mg , Al , Fe . Ho tr chung l b m kim loai = 37,4 1,2 .16 = 18,2 (g)= x ( nO2 = 1/2nO v ta chng minh c : mO2 = mO )

Vd 4 : Cho 24,12gam hn hp X gm CuO , Fe2O3 , Al2O3 tc dng va vi 350ml dd HNO3 4M ri un n khan dung dch sau phn ng th thu c m gam hn hp mui khan . Tnh m .

A. 77,92 gam B.86,8 gam C. 76,34 gam D. 99,72 gam Bi lm Gi : Rb+ l chung cho cc ion kim loi : Cu 2+ , Al 3+ , Fe 3+ . Ho tr chung l b

Vd 5 : Cho 16 gam hn hp X gm mt kim loi kim v kim loi kim th tc dng ht vi nc thu uc dung dch B v 3,36 lt kh H2 (ktc) . Nu c cn dung dch B c m1 gam hn hp rn , cn nu trung ho dung dich B bng dung dich HCl ri c cn dung dch sn phm th c m2 gam hn hp mui khan . Tnh m1 v m2 . A. 21,1 gam , 26,65gam B. 12,3gam,36,65gam C. 54,3gam,76,3gam D. 12,3gam ,67,4gam Bi lm Gi : Rn+ l chung cho cc ion kim loi kim v kim th . Ho tr chung l b

(Chi tit bi tp v cch gii, bn c c th download ti http://www.hoahocvietnam.com/download/Thaoluan/sodoV.doc .) L Minh Vng hoahocvietnam.com

Phng php rt mi

Ti thy phng php ny rt hay v hc sinh s p dng rt hiu qu cho thi trc nghim. Nhng bn nn trnh by li cho d hiu hn th hc sinh mi hiu c. Ti c kin! Ti mi c qua s V tuy cha hiu lm v phn l thuyt nhng thy rng qua cc v d trn d bit hay cha bit s V th vn lm nh th. Vy phi chng y ch l mt ci tn mi cho cch lm bit? Ti c kin! S ny rt hay, nhng bn hy gii thch k hn, cho nhng bn mi c c th hiu. C th p dng cho cc hp cht khc na khng hay l ch ba cht thi.