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PHN TCH, HNG DN GII THI I HC, CAO NG NM 2009 V 2010 S 01 ( thi tuyn sinh vo cc trng i hc khi A, nm 2010) Cu 1: Dung dch X c cha: 0,07 mol Na+; 0,02 mol SO 2 v x mol OH-. Dung dch Y c 4 + cha ClO 4 , NO 3 v y mol H ; tng s mol ClO 4 v NO3 l 0,04. Trn X v Y c 100ml dung dch Z. Dung dch Z c pH (b qua s in li ca H2O) l A. 1. B. 2. C. 12. D. 13.
p dng bo ton in tch cho dung dch X: 0,07 = 0,02 x 2 + x x = 0,03 (mol) p dng bo ton in tch cho dung dch Y: y = n H + = n ClO + n NO = 0,04 (mol)
4 3
(1)
[ ]
pH = 1 p n A.
Cu 2: Cho 19,3 gam hn hp bt Zn v Cu c t l mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo dung dch cha 0,2 mol Fe2(SO4)3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam kim loi. Gi tr ca m l: A. 6,40. B. 16,53. C. 12,00. D. 12,80.
t nZn = x (mol) nCu = 2x (mol) 65x + 64.2x = 19,3 x = 0,1 (mol) Zn + 2Fe3+ Zn2+ + 2Fe2+ 0,1 0,2 Cu + 2Fe3+ Cu2+ + 2Fe2+ (2) 0,1 0,2 kim loi sau phn ng l Cu d: 0,1 (mol) m = m(Cu(d) = 0,1 x 64 = 6,4 (gam) p n A.
Cu 3: Hn hp kh X gm N2 v H2 c t khi so vi He bng 1,8. un nng X mt thi gian trong bnh kn (c bt Fe lm xc tc), thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi He bng 2. Hiu sut ca phn ng tng hp NH3 l" A. 500%. B. 36%. C. 40%. D. 25%.
(1)
N2
28 7,2
5,2
20,8 n N2 n H2 = 5,2 1 = 2,8 4
H2
Do mX = mY
N2 + 3H2
2NH3
H=
Cu 4: Trong s cc cht: C3H8, C3H7Cl, C3H8O v C3H9N; cht c nhiu ng phn cu to nht l: A. C3H7Cl. B. C3H8O. C. C3H8. D. C3H9N
Tng s nguyn t cacbon trong cc cht l bng nhau ; khi lin kt vi cc nguyn t c ha tr cao (N c ha tr cao nht), sng ng phn s tng p n D.
Cu 5: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:
(I) Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch KMnO4 (II) Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch H2S (III) Sc hn hp kh NO2 v O2 vo nc (IV) Cho MnO2 vo dung dch HCl c, nng (V) Cho Fe2O3 vo dung dch H2SO4 c, nng (VI) Cho SiO2 vo dung dch HF S th nghim c phn ng oxi ha - kh xy ra l
A. 3. B. 6. C. 5 D. 4
- iu kin cn phn ng oxi ha, kh c th xy ra l phi c cht kh v cht oxi ha loi phng n (V) v (VI) p n D. - iu kin phn ng oxi ha, kh c th xy ra l phn ng phi to thnh cht oxi ha v cht kh yu hn cht oxi ha v cht kh ban u. - Cc phng trnh ha hc.
K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 2H2SO4 (1) 5SO2 + 3KMnO4 + 2H2O
2SO3 (k)
Theo nh lut bo ton, khi lng hn hp kh lun khng i. T khi ca hn hp kh (sau khi tng nhit ) so vi H2 gim i, chng t khi lng phn m t trung bnh gim M = S mol kh tng Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch n (chiu gim nhit tc thu nhit) Phn ng thun l ta nhit.
p n B.
Cu 7: Cho m gam NaOH vo 2 lt dung dch NaHCO3 nng a mol/l, thu c 2 lt dung dch X. Ly 1 lt dung dch X tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 (d) thu c 11,82 gam kt ta. Mt khc, cho 1 lt dung dch X vo dung dch CaCl2 (d) ri un nng, sau khi kt thc cc phn ng thu c 7,0 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a v m tng ng l: A. 0,04 v 4,8. B. 0,07 v 3,2 C. 0,08 v 4,8. D. 0,14 v 2,4
(1)
Do n CaCO 2 =
2 2 HCO 3 t CO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O
x
3
0,5x
p n C.
Cu 8: Mt phn t saccaroz c A. mt gc -glucoz v mt gc -fructoz B. mt gc -glucoz v mt gc -fructoz C. hai gc -fructoz D. mt gc -glucoz v mt gc -fructoz Phn tch, hng dn gii:
Saccaroz c cu to t mt gc -glucoz v mt gc -fructoz lin kt vi nhau qua nguyn t oxi gia C1 ca glucoz v C2 ca fructoz (C1-O-C2): Lin kt glicozit p n D.
Cu 9: Oxi hja ht 2,2 gam hn hp hai ancol n chc thnh anehit cn va 4,8 gam CuO. Cho ton b lng anehit trn tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 23,76 gam Ag. Hai ancol l: A. C2H5OH, C2H5CH2OH C. CH3OH, C2H5CH2OH Phn tch, hng dn gii:
n ancol = n CuO = 4,8 23,76 = 0,06(mol); n Ag = = 0,22(mol) 108 80
Nhn thy: nAg > 2nancol C mt ancol l CH3OH Loi phng n A v B. Nhn xt: Cc ancol trong 4 phng n u l ancol bc nht. CH3OH HCHO 4Ag a b 4a 2b RCH2OH RCHO 2Ag
Cu 10: Hn hp M gm ancol no, n chc X v axit cacboxylic n chc Y, u mch h v c cng s nguyn t C, tng s mol ca hai cht l 0,5 mol (s mol ca Y ln hn s mol ca X). Nu t chy hon ton M th thu c 3,36 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 25,2 gam H2O. Mt khc, nu un nng M vi H2SO4 c thc hin phn ng este ha (hiu sut l 80%) th s este thu c l A. 34,20. B. 27,36. C. 22,80 D. 18,24 Xem phn tch v hng dn gii (V d 14 - Phn th nht: Phn tch, la chn phng php gii nhanh v mt s th thut lm bi).
V n Ca 2 + = 2n HCO3 nn c th coi phn ng to kt ta ln nht l: Ca (HCO 3 ) 2 + Ca (OH) 2 2CaCO 3 +2H 2 O 0,03 0,03 => a = 0,003 x 74 = 0,222 (gam) => p n A
Cu 12: Hn hp kh no sau y khng tn ti nhit thng? A. H2 v F2 Phn tch, hng dn gii: B. Cl2 v O2 C. H2S v N2 D. CO v O2
B. 0,205
C. 0,585
D. 0,620
mhn hp ban u = 0,02 x 26 + 0,03 x 2 = 0,58 (gam) mkhi tc dng vi dung dch brom = m khi lng bnh brom tng mhn hp ban u = mY = mZ + mkhi lng bnh brom tng Mt khc: m Z =
mkhi lng bnh brom tng = mhn hp ban u - mZ = 0,58 - 0,252 = 0,328 (gam) =>p n A
Cu 14: Nung nng tng cp cht trong bnh kn: (1) Fe + S(r), (2) Fe2O3 + CO(k),
(3) Au + O2 (k), (4) Cu + Cu(NO3)2 (r), (5) Cu + KNO3 (r), (6) Al + NaCl (r). Cc trng hp xy ra phn ng oxi ha kim loi l:
A. (1), (3), (6) Phn tch, hng dn gii:
Fe 2 O 3 + 3CO 2 Fe+ 3CO 2 => Phn ng (2) l phn ng kh ion kim loi thnh kim loi => Loi phng n B v D.
+3 o
(1) (2)
Cng (1) v (2) Cu + Cu(NO3)2 t 2CuO + 2NO2 (*) Cu + KNO3 ? 2KNO3 t 2KNO2 + O2 2Cu + O2 t 2CuO Cng (1) v (2) Cu + KNO3 t CuO + KNO2
0 0 0
Cu 15: Tng s cht hu c mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O l A. 3. Hng dn gii: B. 1. C. 2. D. 4.
+ Trng hp 1: C2H4O2 l axit (hoc este) no, n chc mch h (nhm chc axit v este u cha mt lin kt i nn gc hirocacbon phi no, mch h). + Trng hp 2: C2H4O2 cha ng thi nhm -OH v -CHO - Sai lm mc phi trong trng hp ny l hc sinh vit trng hp C2H4O c mt nhm chc este (-O-) v mt nhm chc -CHO : CH3-O-CHO Chn phng n D. Tuy nhin nhm chc este lin kt vi nhm chc anhit hoc xeton chnh l nhm chc este.
Cu 16: C cc pht biu sau:
(1) Lu hunh, photpho u bc chy khi tip xc vi CrO3. (2) Ion Fe3+ c cu hnh electron vit gn l []3d5. (3) Bt nhm t bc chy khi tip xc vi kh clo. (4) Phn chua c cng thc Na2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O. Cc pht biu ng l:
A. (1), (3), (4) B. (2), (3), (4) C. (1), (2), (3) D. (1), (2), (4)
Xem phn tch v hng dn gii (V d 17 - Phn th nht: Phn tch, la chn phng php gii nhanh v mt s th thut lm bi).
Cu 17: Pht biu no sau y ng? A. Cc kim loi: natri, bari, beri u tc dng vi nc nhit thng. B. Kim loi xesi c dng ch to t bo quang in. C. Kim loi magie c kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm din. D. Theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, cc kim loi kim th (t beri n bari) c nhit chy gim dn. Hng dn gii:
Xem phn tch v hng dn gii (V d 2: Phn th nht: Phn tch, la chn phng php gii nhanh v mt s th thut lm bi).
Cu 19: Cho cc loi t: bng, t capron, t xenluloz axetat, t tm, t nitron, nilon-6,6. S t tng hp l A. 3. Hng dn gii: B. 4. C. 2. D. 5.
T tng hp l t m cc polime do con ngi tng hp ra t cc monome, gm: T capron, t nitron, nilon-6,6 p n A.. Bng, t tm: L polime thin nhin (do thin nhin to nn) T xenlulz axetat: L polime nhn tio hay polime bn tng hp (t cc polime thin nhin, con ngi ch ha thm).
Cu 20: Trong s cc pht biu sau v phenol (C6H5OH):
(1) Phenol tan t trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong dung dch HCl. (2) Phenol c tnh axit, dung dch phenol khng lm i mu qu tm. (3) Phenol dng sn xut keo dn, cht dit nm mc. (4) Phenol tham gia phn ng th brom v th nitro d hn benzen. Cc pht biu ng l
A. (1), (2), (4). Hng dn gii: B. (2), (3), (4). C. (1), (2), (3). D. (1), (3), (4)
Xem phn tch v hng dn gii (V d 27 - Phn th nht: Phn tch, la chn phng php gii nhanh v mt s th thut lm bi).
Cu 23: Pht biu ng l A. Khi thy phn n cng cc protein n gin s cho hn hp cc -aminoaxit. B. Khi cho dung dch lng trng trng vo Cu(OH)2 thy xut hin phc mu xanh m. C. Enzim amilaza xc tc cho phn ng thy phn xenluloz thnh mantoz. D. Axit nucleic l polieste ca axit photphoric v glucoz.
- Khi cho dung dch lng trng trng vo Cu(OH)2 thy xut hin phc mu xanh tm Loi phng n B. - Enzim amilaza l xc tc cho phn ng thy phn xenluloz thnh glucoz Loi phng n C. - Axit nucleic l polieste ca axit photphoric v pentoz (mono sacarit c 5C) Loi phng n D.
Cu 24: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp 3 ancol n chc, thuc cng dy ng ng, thu c 3,808 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 5,4 gam H2O. Gi tr ca m l A. 4,72. B. 5,42. C. 7,42. D. 5,72.
Cch 1: n CO 2 =
n H 2O > n CO 2 Ancol, mch h; n ancol = n H 2O n CO 2 = 0,13(mol) p dng BTNT i vi oxi: 0,13 + 2n O 2 = 2 x 0,17 + 0,3 n H 2O = 0,255 (mol) p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng: m ancol m CO 2 + m H 2O m O 2 = 44 x 0,17 + 5,4 - 32 x 0,255 = 4,72 (gam) Cch 2: n CO 2 = 5,4 3,808 = 0,17(mol); n H 2O = = 0,3(mol) 18 22,4
n H 2O > n CO 2 ancol no, mch h; nancol = n H 2O n CO 2 = 0,13 (mol) mancol = m = mC + mH + mO(ancol) = 0,17 x 12 + 0,3 x 2 + 0,13 x 16 = 4,72 (gam) p n A.
Cu 25: Nhn nh no sau y ng khi ni v 3 nguyn t : A. X, Y thuc cng mt nguyn t ha hc B. X v Z c cng s khi C. X v Y c cng s notron D. X, Z l 2 ng v ca cng mt nguyn t ha hc
26 13
X, 55 Y, 26
26 12
X?
p n B.
Cu 26: Cho x mol Fe tan hon ton trong dung dch cha y mol H2SO4 (t l x: y = 2 : 5), thu c mt sn phm kh duy nht v dung dch ch cha mi sunfat. S mo electron do lng Ge trn nhng khi b ha tan l A. 3x. B. y. C. 2x. D. 2y.
Xem phn tcg v hng dn gii (V d 8 - Phn th nht: Phn tch, la chn phng php gii nhanh v mt s th thut lm bi).
Cu 27: Axeton c iu ch bng cch oxi ha cumen nh oxi, sau thy phn trong dung dch H2SO4 long. thu c 145 gam axeton th lng cumen cn dng (gi s hiu sut qu trnh iu ch t 75%) l A. 300 gam Hng dn gii: B. 500 gam C. 400 gam D. 600 gam
(CH3)2CH-C6H5 CH3COCH3 + C6H5OH 120 m 58 145 m= 145x 20 = 300 (H = 100%) 58 100 = 400 (gam) 75
Cu 28: Cho cc cht: NaHCO3, CO, Al(OH)3, Fe(OH)3, HF, Cl2, NH4Cl. S cht tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH long nhit thng l A. 4 B. 5 C. 3 D. 6
Cc cht khng tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH long nhit thng l: CO; Fe(OH)3 p n B.
Cu 29: Thy phn hon ton 0,2 mol mt este E cn dng va 100 gam dung dch NaOH 24%, thu c mt ancol v 43,6 gam hn hp mui ca hai axit cacboxylic n chc. Hai axit l: A. HCOOH v CH3COOH C. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH Phn tch, hng dn gii: B. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH D. HCOOH v C2H5COOH
Cch 1:
n NaOH 0,06 = = 3 E l este 3 chc (to bi ancol 3 chc v 2 axit n chc) nE 0,02
(RCOO) 3 R '+3NaOH 3RCOONa + R ' (OH )3
0,2 M RCOONa =
Gi cng thc mui cn li l RCOONa. TH1: nRCOONa = 0,4 (mol) 2M RCOONa + 68 43,6 = M RCOONa = 75 (loi) 3 0,6 M RCOONa + 2 x 68 43,6 = M RCOONa = 82(CH 3 COONa ) p n A. 3 0,6
Cch 2:
n NaOH 0,06 = = 3 E l este 3 chc (to bi ancol 3 chc v 2 axit n chc) nE 0,02
Gi cng thc tng qut ca E l: RCOO-R2(R1COO)2 R1COO-R(R2COO)2 + 3NaOH R1COONa + 2R2COONa + 3H2O 0,6 0,2 0,4 (R1 + 67) x 0,2 + (R2 + 67) x 0,4 = 43,6 R1 + 2R2 = 17 Ch c gi tr R1 = 1 (H); R2 = 15 (CH3) l tha mn Hai axit l: HCOOH v CH3COOH p n A.
Cu 30: Cc nguyn t t Li n F, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn th A. bn knh nguyn t v m in u tng B. bn knh nguyn t tng, m in gim C. bn knh nguyn t gim, m in tng
nglutamic = 0,15 (mol); nHCl = 0,35 (mol) nNaOH = 2nglutamic + nHCl = 0,65 (mol) p n B.
Cu 32: Cho 7,1 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim X v mt kim loi kim th Y tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch HCl long, thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi X, Y l A. natri v magie. C. kali v canxi. Phn tch, hng dn gii: B. liti v beri. D. kali v bari.
2M + 2nHCl 2MCl n + nH 2 0,5 n V 1 < n < 2 0,25 < n M 0,25 7,1 7,1 = 14,2 < M < = 28,4 0,5 0,25
(Este a chc) Tn gi ca Y l
A. propan-1,3-iol. C. propan-2-ol Hng dn gii: B. propan-1,2-iol D. glixerol.
p n D.
Cu 36: Phn ng in phn dung dch CuCl2 (vi in cc tr), v phn ng n mn in ha xy ra khi nhng hp kim Zn-Cu vo dung dch HCl c c im l: A. Phn ng xy ra lun km theo s pht sinh dng in. B. u sinh ra Cu cc m. C. Phn ng cc m c s tham gia ca kim loi hoc ion kim loi. D. Phn ng cc dng u l s oxi ha Cl-. Phn tch, hng dn gii: Cch 1: Phn tch bn cht
CuCl2 Cu + Cl2 (Cc m: Cu2+ + 2e Cu0) Khi nhng hp kim Zn-Cu vo dung dch HCl Cc m l kim loi c tnh kh mnh v b n mn ( Zn Zn 2+ + 2e)
p n C.
CuCl2 Cu + Cl2 (Cc m: Cu2+ + 2e Cu0) Khi nhng hp kim Zn-Cu vo dung dch HCl Cc m l kim loi c tnh kh mnh v b n mn: (Zn Zn2+ + 2e) p n C. Cch 2: Loi tr cc phng n Phn ng in phn dung dch CuCl2 s dng dng in mt chiu. Loi phng n A. Khi nhng hp kim Zn-Cu vo dung dch HCl, cc m l Zn v b n mn. Loi phng n B. - Khi nhng hp kim Zn-Cu vo dung dch HCl, cc dng xy ra qu trnh kh H+ (2H+ + 2e H2) Loi phng n D.
p n C.
Phn ng cng hp H2O c th tun theo quy tc Maccopnhicp nu anken khng i xng. OH
, X + HOH H CH 3 CH 2 C CH 2 CH 3 CTCT ca X l t
+ 0
C 2 H5 CH 3 CH C CH 2 CH 3 C2H5
p n C.
Cu 38: Cho s chuyn ha:
,t Triolein + H 2 (Ni X + NaOH du t Y + HCl Z du )
0 0
Tn ca Z l
A. axit linoleic. B. axit oleic C. axit panmitic. D. axit stearic
Xem phn tch v hng dn gii (V d 48 - Phn th nht: Phn tch, la chn phng php gii nhanh v mt s th thut lm bi).
A. 8 v 10
B. 8 v 1,5
C. 7 v 1,0
D. 7 v 1,5
X c kh nng phn ng ti a vi 2 mol HCl hoc 2 mol NaOH X gm mt amino axit (1 nhm -NH2 v 2 nhm -COOH) v mt amin n chc. CnH2n-1(NH2)(COOH)2 (n+2)CO2 +
mCO2 + CmH2m+3N
2n + 3 1 H 2O + N 2 2 2
1 2m + 3 H 2O + N 2 2 2
n N2 =
n H 2O =
Cu 43: T 180 gam glucoz, bng phng php ln men ru, thu c a gam ancol etylic (hiu sut 80%). Oxi ha 0,1a gam ancol etylic bng phng php ln men gim, thu c hn hp X. trung ha hn hp X cn 720ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Hiu sut qu trnh ln men gim l
A. 80%
B. 10%
C. 90%
D. 2%
V hiu sut qu trnh l 80% m C6 H12O 6 = 0,72 x180 x H= 162 x100% = 90% 180
p n C.
Cu 44: Cc cht va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl va tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3 l:
A. CuO, Al, Mg
C. MgO, Na, Ba
D. Zn, Ni, Sn
Xem phn tch v hng dn gii (V d 18 - Phn th nht: Phn tch, la chn phng php gii nhanh v mt s th thut lm bi).
Cu 45: Trong phn ng: K2Cr2O7 + HCl CrCl3 + Cl2 + H2O
K2Cr2O7 + 14HCl 2CrCl3 + 3Cl2 + 2KCl + 7H2O - C 12 HCl ng vai tr l cht kh, tng s phn t HCl tham gia phn ng l 14 k = 6 3 = p n D. 14 7
Cu 46: Nh t t tng git n ht 30ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100ml dung dch cha Na2CO3 0,2M v NaHCO3 0,2M, sau phn ng thu c s mol CO2 l
A. 0,030
B. 0,010
C. 0,020
D. 0,015
(1)
0,02
Sau (1); nHCld = 0,01 < n NaHCO3 = 0,02 + 0,02 = 0,04 (mol)
NaCl + H2O + CO2 NaHCO3 + HCl
(2)
0,01 p n B.
0,01
Cu 47: Cho m gam hn hp etanal v propanal phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 43,2 gam kt ta v dung dch cha 17,5 gam mui amoni ca hai axit hu c. Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,9
Hng dn gii:
B. 14,3
C. 10,2
D. 9,5
RCHO RCOONH4 + 2Ag 0,2 0,4 Khi lng mui tng = 0,2x33 = 6,6 (gam) m = 17,5 - 6,6 = 10,9 (gam) p n A.
Cu 48: Hn hp gm 0,1 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc v 0,1 mol mui ca axit vi kim loi kim c tng khi lng l 15,8 gam. Tn ca axit trn l
(R + 45) + (R + 44 + M ) = 15,8 2R + M = 69
2 0,2 R = 69 M (M < 69; R < 34,5) 2 M R 3 (Li) 31 (Loi) 23 (Na) 23 (Loi 39 (K) 15 (-CH3)
Axit l CH3COOH p n C.
Cu 49: t chy hon ton mt lng hirocacbon X. Hp th ton b sn phm chy vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 (d) to ra 29,55 gam kt ta, dung dch sau phn ng c khi lng gim 19,35 gam so vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 ban u. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C3H4
B. C2H6
C. C3H6
D. C3H8
n CO 2 = n BaCO3 =
mdung dch gim = m BaCO3 m CO 2 + m H 2O = 19,35 m H 2O = 19,35 + 0,15 x 44 - 29,55 = 3,6 (gam) n H 2O = 0,2 (mol)
Cch 1:
n CO 2 > n H 2O X l ankan, v nX = n H 2O n CO 2 = 0,2 - 0,15 = 0,05 (mol) S nguyn t cacbon (X) = n CO 2 nX = 3 X: C3H8
p n D.
Cch 2:
nC : nH = n CO 2 : 2 n H 2O = 0,15 : 0,4 = 3 : 8 p n D.
Cu 50: in phn (vi in cc tr) mt dung dch gm NaCl v CuSO4 c cng s mol, n khi catot xut hin bt kh th dng in phn. Trong c qu trnh in phn trn, sn phm thu c anot l
A. kh Cl2 v O2 C. ch c kh Cl2
Phn tch, hng dn gii:
B. kh H2 v O2 D. kh Cl2 v H2
(1)
(2)
Xem phn tch v hng dn gii (V d 21 - Phn th nht: Phn tch, la chn phng php gii nhanh v mt s th thut lm bi).
Cu 52: in phn (in cc tr) dung dch X cha 0,2 mol CuSO4 v 0,12 mol NaCl bng dng in c cng 2A. Th tch kh (ktc) thot ra anot sau 9650 giy in phn l
A. 2,240 lt
B. 2,912 lt
C. 1,792 lt
D. 1,344 lt
AIt It m = x n = n electron nF F A
0,12 0,06 0,12 = (0,06 + 0,02) x 22,4 = 1,792 (lt) 2 0 2H 2 O O 2 +2H + + 4e 0,02 (0,2 0,12 ) 2 Cl Cl 2 +2e
1 0
Cu 53: Cho 0,448 lt kh NH3 (ktc) i qua ng s ng 16 gam CuO nung nng, thu c cht rn X (gi s phn ng xy ra hon ton). Phn trm khi lng ca Cu trong X l
A. 12,3% B. 87,63% C. 14,12% D. 85,88%
3 n NH3 CuO d 2
Khi lng cht rn sau phn ng gim = Khi lng oxi trong CuO phn ng %Cu = 0,03x 64 x100 12,37% 16 0,03x16
p n A.
Cu 54: t chy hon ton V lt hi mt amin X bng mt lng oxi va to ra 8V lt hn hp kh cacbonic, kh nit v hi nc (cc th tch kh v hi u o cng iu kin). Amin X tc dng vi axit nitr nhit thng, gii phng kh nit. Cht X l
A. CH2=CH-NH-CH3 C. CH3-CH2-CH2-NH2 B. CH3-CH2-NH-CH3 D. CH2=CH-CH2-NH2
p n C.
Cu 55: Hiro ha cht hu c X thu c (CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3. Cht X c tn thay th l
A. metyl isopropyl xetol C. 3-metybutan-2-ol B. 3-metybutan-2-on D. 2-metylbutan-3-on
p n B.
Cu 56: Trong s cc ngun nng lng: (1) thy in, (2) gi, (3) mt tri, (4) ha thch; nhng ngun nng lng l
A. (1), (3), (4) B. (2), (3), (4) C. (1), (2), (4) D. (1), (2), (3)
Hng dn gii:
Nng lng ha thch (ch yu t than ) khng phi l ngun nng lng sch
p n D.
Cu 57: Cho hn hp X gm ancol metylic v hai axit cacboxylic (no, n chc, kt tip nhau trong dy ng ng) tc dng ht vi Na, gii phng ra 6,72 lt kh H2 (ktc). Nu un nng hn hp X (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc) th cc cht trong hn hp phn ng va vi nhau to thnh 25 gam hn hp este (gi thit phn ng este ha t hiu sut 100%). Hai axit trong hn hp X l
A. HCOOH v CH3COOH C. C25COOH v C3H7COOH B. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH D. C2H7COOH v C4H9COOH
0,3 m RCOOCH =
3
p n B.
nX = 2n H 2 = 0,6 (mol) C th t cng thc tng qut ca este di dng: C n H 2 n +1COOCH 3 25 = 83,33 0,3
ME =
Cu 58: Cho m gam hn hp bt X gm ba kim loi Zn, Cr, Sn c s mol bng nhau tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch HCl long, nng thu c dung dch Y v kh H2. C cn dung dch Y thu c 8,98 gam mui khan. Nu cho m gam hn hp X tc dng hon ton vi O2 9d) to hn hp 3 oxit th th tch kh O2 (ktc) phn ng l
A. 2,016 lt
B. 0,672 lt
C. 1,344 lt
D. 1,008 lt
Xem phn tch v hng dn gii (V d 23 - Phn th hai: Phn tch, trnh mt s sai lm thng gp trong cc k thi).
Cu 59: Tch nc hn hp gm ancol etylic v ancol Y ch to ra 2 anken. t chy cng s 5 ln lng nc sinh ra t ancol mol mi ancol th lng nc sinh ra t ancol ny bng 3 kia. Ancol Y l
A. CH3-CH2-CH(OH)-CH3. C. CH3-CH2-CH2-OH
Phn tch, hng dn gii:
B. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH D. CH3-CH(OH)-CH3
Nhn xt: C 4 phng n ancol u c s nguyn t H ln hn s nguyn t H trong C2H5OH Gi cng thc ancol Y l CnH2n+2O
Loi phng n A v D
2n + 2 5 = n = 4 C 4 H 10 O 6 3
Khi chuyn dch sang mt trng thi cn bng mi, nu nng ca N2O4 tng ln 9 ln th nng ca NO2 A. tng 9 ln B. tng 3 ln C. tng 4,5 ln D. gim 3 ln
- Gi nng ca N2O4 v NO2 ban u ln lt l a, x - Sau khi thay i nng , nng ca N2O4 l 9a, ca NO2 l y.
A. CH3OCO-CH2-COOC2H5 C. CH3OCO-COOC3H7
Phn tch, hng dn gii:
B. C2H5OCO-COOCH3 D. CH3OCO-CH2-CH2-COOC2H5
- Bo ton nguyn t vi cacbon(6C) Loi phng n B v D. - V hai ancol to thnh c s nguyn t cacbol trong phn t gp i nhau
Loi phng n C
p n A.
Cu 2: Nung 2,23 gam hn hp X gm cc kim loi Fe, Al, Zn, Mg trong oxi, sau mt thi gian thu c 2,71 gam hn hp Y. Ha tan hon ton Y vo dung dch HNO3 (d), thu c 0,672 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). S mol HNO3 phn ng l
A. 0,12
B. 0,14
C. 0,16
D. 0,18
n O2 =
0,15 0,06
n NO (mui) = nelectron nhng = nelectron nhn = ,15 (mol)
3
V phn ng khng to NH4NO3 p dng bo ton nguyn t i vi nit: n HNO3 = n NO3 (mui) + nNO = 0,15 + 0,03 = 0,18 (mol)) p n D.
Cu 3: Hn hp X gm axit panmitic, axit stearic v axit linoleic. trung ha m gam X cn 40 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton m gam X th thu c 15,232 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 11,7 gam H2O. S mol ca axit linoleic trong m gam hn hp X l
A. 0,015
B. 0,010
C. 0,020
D.0,005
Cch 1: Vit v tnh theo phng trnh ha hc - V 3 axit u n chc nx = nNaOH = 0m04 (mol) - t n C15H31COOH = a; n C17 H35COOH = b; n C17 H31COOH = c
- Axit linoleic (C17H31COOH) l axit cha no (c hai lin kt i trong gc hirocacbon Khi chy cho n CO 2 n H 2O = 2n axit
n axit linoleic =
CO 2
n H 2O 2
Nu khng nhn dng c theo cch 2; khng cn s dng n s mol hn hp t d kin s mol CO2 v s mol H2O cng tm c c, nh sau
- t n C15H31COOH = a; n C17 H35COOH = b; n C17 H31COOH = c n CO = 16a + 18b + 18c = 0,68(1) (1) (2) 2c = 0,03 c = 0,015(mol) 2 n H 2O = 16a + 18b + 16c = 0,65(2 )
Nhn xt: Trong hai cch trn, lm c theo cch 2, cn phi hiu c mi lin h gia s mol CO2 v H2O trong cc phng trnh t chy. Cu 4: Phng php loi b tp cht HCl c ln trong kh H2S l: Cho hn hp kh li t t qua mt lng d dung dch
A. Pb(NH3)2 B. NaHS C. AgNO3 D. NaOH
Phn tch, hng dn gii: - loi b c HCl dung dch cn phi tc dng c vi HCl m khng tc dng vi H2S
NaHS + HCl NaCl + H2S - Cc cht cn li u tc dng vi c HCl v H2S
p n B.
Cu 5: Pht biu no sau y khng ng khi so snh tnh cht ha hc ca nhm v crom?
A. Nhm v crom u b th ng ha trong dung dch H2SO4 c ngui. B. Nhm c tnh kh mnh hn crom. C. Nhm v crom u phn ng vi dung dch HCl theo cng t l v s mol. D. Nhm v crom u bn trong khng kh v trong nc
Hng dn gii:
Al + HCl AlCl3 ; Cr + HCl CrCl 2 p n C.
Cu 6: Hai hp cht hu c X v Y c cng cng thc phn t l C3H7NO2, u l cht rn iu kin thng. Cht X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, gii phng kh. Cht Y c phn ng trng ngng. Cc cht X v Y ln lt l
A. vinylamoni fomat v amoni acrylat.
Phn tch, hng dn gii: Cch 1: Phn tch theo cht X trc, cht Y sau:
- V cht X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, gii phng kh Loi phng n C v D - V cht Y c phn ng trng ngng Loi phng n A
p n B.
Cch 2: Phn tch theo cht Y trc, cht X sau:
- V cht Y c phn ng trng ngng Loi phng n A v C. - V cht X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, gii phng kh Loi phng n D.
p n B.
Phng trnh ha hc CH2=CH-COONH4 + NaOH CH2=CH-COONa + NH3 + H2O nCH3-CH(NH2) - COOH xt ( NH CH (CH 3 ) CO )n + nH 2 O
Cu 7: Kh hon ton m gam oxit MxOy vn va 17,92 lt kh CO2 (ktc), thu c a gam kim loi M. Ha tan ht a gam M bng dung dch H2SO4 c nng (d), thu c 20,16 lt khiSO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Oxit MxOy l
A. Cr2O3 B. FeO C. Fe3O4 D. CrO
Xem phn tch v hng dn gii (V d 20 - Phn th nht: phn tch, la chn phng php gii nhanh v mt s th thut lm bi).
Cu 8: Cho dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 ln lt vo cc dung dch: CaCl2, Ca(NO3)2, NaOH, Na2CO3, KHSO4, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, H2SO4, HCl. S trng hp c to ra kt ta l
A. 4 B. 7 C. 5 D. 6
p n D.
Cch 2: Phn tch, xt cc cht khng c phn ng Ba(HCO3)2 khng tc dng vi cc dung dch: CaCl2, Ca(NO3)2, HCl p n D.
Cu 9: ipeptit mch h X v tripeptit mch h Y u c to nn t mt aminoaxit (no, mch h, trong phn t cha mt nhm -NH2 v mt nhm -COOH). t chy hon ton 0,1 mol Y, thu c tng khi lng CO2 v H2O bng 54,9 gam. t chy hon ton 0,2mol X, sn phm thu c cho li t t qua nc vi trong d, to ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 120 B. 60 C. 30 D. 45
0,1 t chy X:
0,3n (3n-3,5)x0,1
0,2
Cu 10: Hn hp Z gm hai axit cacboxylic n chc X v Y (MX > MY) c tng khi lng l 8,2 gam. Cho Z tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, thu c dung dch cha 11,5 gam mui. Mt khc, nu cho Z tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc v phn trm khi lng ca X trong Z l
A. C3H5COOH v 54,88% A. C2H5COOH v 56,10 A. C2H3COOH v 43,%90 A. HCOOH v 45,12%
Xem phn tch v hng dn gii (V d 40 - Phn th nht: Phn tch, la chn phng php gii nhanh v mt s th thut lm bi).
p n B.
Cu 12: Mt ion M3+ c tng s ht proton, notron, electron l 79, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 19. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t M l
A. [Ag]3d54s1. B. [Ar]3d64s2 C. [Ar]3d64s1 D. [Ar]3d34s2
n CH4 = n H2O n CO2 = 0,45 0,3 = 0,15(mol) nanken = 0,2 - 0,15 = 0,05 (mol)
Gi cng thc tng qut ca anken l CnH2n (n2) 0,15 + 0,05n = 0,3 n = 3 Anken l C3H6 p n C.
p n A.
Cu 16: Mt loi phn supephophat kp c cha 69,62% mui canxi ihirophotphat, cn li gm cc cht khng cha photpho. dinh dng ca loi phn ln ny l
A. 48,52% B. 42,25% C. 39,76% D. 45,75%
Cu 17: Cho 13,74 gam 2,4-6-trinitrophenol vo bnh kn ri nung nng nhit cao. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c x mol hn hp kh gm: CO2, CO, N2 v H2. Gi tr ca x l
A. 0,60
B. 0,36
C. 0,54
D. 0,45
C 6 H 3 N 3 O 7 t CO 2 + 5CO + 1,5 N 2 + 1,5H 2 13,74 = 0,06 0,06 0,3 0,09 0,09 229 x = (0,06 + 0,3 + 0,09 + 0,09) = 0,54 (mol) p n C.
Cu 18: Hn hp X gm 1 ancol v 2 sn phm hp nc ca propen. T khi hi ca X so vi hiro bng 23. Cho m gam X i qua ng s ng CuO (d) nung nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp Y gm 3 cht hu c v hi nc, khi lng ng s gim 3,2 gam. Cho Y tc dng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 to ra 48,6 gam Ag. Phn trm khi lng ca propan -1 -ol trong X l
A. 65,2%
B. 16,3%
C. 48,9%
D. 83,7%
Xem phn tch v hng dn gii (V d 32 - phn th nht: Phn tch, la chn phng php gii nhanh v mt s th thut lm bi). Cu 19: Cho phn ng: 2C3H5-CHO + KOH C6H5-COOK + C6H5-CH2-OH. Phn ng ny chng t C6H5-CHO
A. Va th hin tnh oxi ha, va th hin tnh kh B. Ch th hin tnh oxi ha C. Ch th hin tnh kh D. Khng th hin tnh kh v tnh oxit ha
Hng dn gii:
+1 +3 1
2C 6 H 5 C HO + KOH C 6 H 5 C OOK + C 6 H 5 C H 2 OH p n A
Cu 20: Ha tan hon ton 2,44 gam hn hp bt X gm FexOy v Cu bng dung dch H2SO4 c nng (d). Sau phn ng thu c 0,504 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch cha 6,6 gam hn hp mui sunfat. Phn trm khi lng ca Cu trong X l
A. 39,34%
B. 65,57%
C. 26,23%
D. 13,11%
Xem phn tch v hng dn gii (V d 47 - Phn th nht: Phn tch, la chn phng php gii nhanh v mt s th thut lm bi). Cu 21: in phn (vi in cc tr) 200 mol dung dch CuSO4 nng x mol/l, sau mt thi gian thu c dung dch y vn cn mu xanh, c khi lng gim 8 gam so vi dung dch ban u. Cho 16,8 gam bt st vo Y, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 12,4 gam kim loi. Gi tr ca x l
A. 2,25
B. 1,50
C. 1,25
D. 3,25
(1)
0,5a
0,1 0,1 Fe + CuSO 4 FeSO 4 + Cu 0,2x - 0,1 0,2x - 0,1 0,2x - 0,1 (3)
x = 1,25 (M) p n C
Cu 22: Trn 10,8 gam bt Al vi 34,8 gam bt Fe3O4 ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm trong iu kin khng c khng kh. Ha tan hon ton hn hp rn sau phn ng bng dung dch H2SO4 long (d), thu c 10,752 lt kh H2 (ktc). Hiu sut ca phn ng nhit nhm l
A. 80%
B. 90%
C. 70%
D. 60%
8 n Al = n Fe3O4 = 0,4(mol) C hai cht u ht nu H = 100% 3 8Al + Ban u: Phn ng: Kt thc: 0,4 8x (0,4-8x) 3 Fe3O4 4Al2O3 + 9Fe 0,15 3x (0,15-3x) 4x 4x 9x 9x
H=
Cu 23: Cho hn hp M gm anehit X (no, n chc, mch h) v hirocacbon Y, c tng s mol l 0,2 (s mol ca X nh hn ca Y). t chy hon ton M, thu c 8,96 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 7,2 gam H2O. Hirocacbon Y l
A. CH4
B. C2H2
C. H3H6
D. C2H4
0,4 =2 0,2 3 +1 2
p n D.
Cu 24: Cc dung dch phn ng c vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng l:
A. glixerol, axit axetic, glucoz B. lng trng trng, fructoz, axeton C. anehit axetic, saccaroz, axit axetic. D. fructoz, axit acrylic, ancol etylic
Phn tch, hng dn gii:
Cch 1: Cc cht hu c tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng cn cha nhm chc -COOH hoc t nht hai nhm -OH lin k p n A. Cch 2: - Axeton khng c tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 Loi phng n B - Anehit axetic ch tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim khi un nng
Loi phng n C.
- Ancol etylic khng tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 Loi phng n D.
p n A.
Cu 25: Cho dung dch X cha KMnO4 (long) ln lt vo cc dung dch FeCl2, FeSO4, MgSO4, H2S, HCl (c). S trng hp c xy ra phn ng oxi ha - kh l
.3
B. 5
C. 4
D. 6
Ch c cc cht c tnh kh mi c kh nng tc dng vi dung dch cha KMnO4 v H2SO4 (long): FeCl2, FeSO4, H2S, HCl (c) p n C. 5Fe2+ + MnO + 8H + 5Fe 3+ + Mn 2+ + 4H 2 O 4 5H 2S + 8MnO 5SO 2 + 8Mn 2+ + 10H + 4 4
10Cl + MnO 4 + 8H + Mn 2+ + 5Cl 2 +4H 2 O
Cu 26: Cc cht u khng b thy phn trong dung dch H2SO4 long nng l:
A. t capron; nilon-6,6; polietilen B. poli(vinyl axetat); polietilen; cao su buna C. nilon-6,6; poli(etylen-terephatalat); polistiren D. polietilen; cao su buna; polistiren
Phn tch, hng dn gii:
OH
p n D.
Cu 27: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt amin no, mch h X bng oxi va , thu c 0,5 mol hn hp Y gm kh v hi. Cho 4,6 gam X tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d), s mol HCl phn ng l
A. 0,1 B. 0,4 C. 0,3 D. 0,2
nX: nY = 0,1 : 0,5 = 1 : 5 Chn ng h s theo phng trnh n + (n + 1 + 0,5x) + 0,5x = 5 2n + x = 5 n = 1; x = 2 tha mn nHCl = 2nX = 2 x 4,6 = 0,2 (mol) p n D. 46
Cu 28: Cho 150 ml dung dch KOH 1,2M tc dng vi 100ml dung dch AlCl3 nng x mol/l, thu c dung dch Y v 4,68 gam kt ta. Loi b kt ta, thm tip 175 ml dung dch KOH 1,2M vo Y, thu c 2,34 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l
A. 1,2 B. 0,8 C. 0,9 D. 1,0
p dng bo ton nguyn t vi Al: 0,1 x = 0,09 + n [Al(OH ) ] 4 n [Al(OH ) ] = 0,1x - 0,09
4
Dung dch sau phn ng cha ion: K+ : 0,39 (mol); Cl-: 0,3x (mol); [Al(OH)4]- : 0,1x - 0,09 (mol) p dng nh lut bo ton in tch: 0,39 = 0,3x + 0,1x - 0,09 x = 1,2 (M)
p n A.
Cu 29: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Dung dch m ck ca Na2SiO3 v KSiO3 c gi l thy tinh lng. B. m chy magie c th c dp tt bng ct kh. C. CF2Cl2 b cm s dng do khi thi ra kh quyn th ph hy tng ozon
Hng dn gii:
2Mg + SiO2 t Si + 2MgO p n B.
0
Cu 30: C 4 dung dch ring bit: CuSO4, ZNCl2, FeCl3, AgNO3. Nhng vo mi dung dch mt thanh Ni. S trng hp xut hin n mn in ha l
A. 1 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2
Hng dn gii:
Khi nhng Ni vo cc dung dch mui ca kim loi ng sau Ni (CuSO4 v AgNO3) mi xy ra n mn in ha p n D.
Cu 31: Thy phn este Z trong mi trng axit thu c hai cht hu c X v Y (MX < MY). Bng mt phn ng c th chuyn ha X thnh Y. Cht Z khng th l
A. metyl propionat C. atyl axetat B. metyl axetat D. vinyl axetat
p n A.
Cu 32: Tng s hp cht hu c no, n chc, mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C5H10O2, phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH nhng khng c phn ng trng bc l
A. 4 B. 5 C. 8 D. 9
p n D.
Cu 33: Ha tan hon ton 2,45 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi kim th vo 200ml dung dch HCl 1,25M, thu c dung dch Y cha cc cht tan c nng mol bng nhau. Hai kim loi X l
A. Mg v Ca B. Be v Mg C. Mg v Sr D. Be v Ca
p n D
Cu 35: Cho s chuyn ha: P2O5 + KOH X + H3PO 4 Y KOH Z
Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l: A. K3PO4, K2HPO4, KH2PO4 C. K3PO4, KH2PO4, K2HPO4 B. KH2PO4, K2HPO4, K3PO4 D. KH2PO4, K3PO4, K2HPO4
p n C.
Cu 36: t chy hon ton m gam FeS2 bng mt lng O2 va , thu c kh X. Hp th ht X vo 1 lt dung dch Cha Ba(OH)2 0,15M v KOH 0,1M, thu c dung dch Y v 21,7 gam kt ta. Cho Y vo dung dch NaOH, thy xut hin thm kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 23,2 B. 12,6 C. 18,0 D. 24,0
Hai ancol u cha hai nguyn t oxi p dng bo ton nguyn t vi O2, ta c: nX + n O2 + n H 2O 2 n O2 = 0,5 + 0,7 0,2 = 0,65(mol) 2
Cu 39: Hn hp X gm alanin v axit glutamic. Cho m gam X tc dng hon ton vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c dung dch Y cha (m + 30,8) gam mui. Mt khc, nu cho m gam X tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HCl, thu c dung dch Z cha (m + 36,5) gam mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 112,2 B, 165,6 C, 123,8 D, 171,0
T (*) v (**) x = 0,6 (mol); y = 0,4 (mol) m = 0,6 x 89 + 0,4 x 147 = 112,2 (gam) p n A
Cu 40: Trong cc cht: xiclopropan, benzen, stiren, metyl acrylat, vinyl axetat, imetyl ete, s cht c kh nng lm mt mu nc brom l:
A. 5 B. 4 C. 6 D. 3
S cp cht tan hon ton trong mt lng d dung dch HCl long nng l A. 4 B. 2 C. 3 D. 5
Cu 43: C bao nhiu cht hu c mch h dng iu ch 4-metylpentan-2-ol ch bng phn ng cng H2 (xc tc Ni, t0)?
A. 3 B. 5 C. 2 D. 4
X l xeton (no, cha no) v ancol (cha no) c cu to cacbon ging 4-metylpenta-2-ol, gm: CH2=CH(CH3)CH2COCH3; (CH3)2CH=CHCOCH3; (CH3)2CH2CH2COCH3; CH2=CH(CH3)CH2CH(OH)CH3; (CH3)2=CHCH(OH)CH3; p n B.
Cu 44: Hn hp M gm cacboxylic X, ancol Y (u n chc, s mol X gp hai ln s mol Y) v este Z c to ra t X v Y. Cho mt lng M tc dng va vi dung dch cha 0,2 mol NaOH, to ra 16,4 gam mui v 8,05 gam ancol. Cng thc ca X v Y l
A. HCOOH v CH3OH A. HCOOH v CH3OH B. CH3COOH v CH3OH A. CH3COOH v C2H5OH
A. 9,21
B. 9,26
C. 8,79
D. 7,47
0,06 p n C.
0,03
Cu 46: Hn hp X gm CuO v Fe2O3. Ha tan hon ton 44 gam X bng dung dch HCl (d), sau phn ng thu c dung dch cha 85,25 gam mui. Mt khc, nu kh hon ton 22 gam X bng CO (d), cho hn hp kh thu c sau phn ng li t t qua dung dch Ba(OH)2 (d) th thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
Cu 48: Thy phn hon ton 1 mol pentapeptit X, thu c 2 mol glyxin (Gly), 1 mol alanin (Ala), 1 mol valin (Val) v 1 mol phenylalanin (Phe). Thy phn khng hon ton X thu c ipeptit Val-Phe v tripeptit Gly-Ala-Val nhng khng thu c ipeptt Gly-Gly. Cht X c cng thc l
A. Gly-Phe-Gly-Ala-Val A. Gly-Ala-Val-Phe-Gly B. Gly- Ala-Val-Val-Phe A. Gly-Phe-Gly-Ala-Gly
Trong 40,3 gam X, t nZn = 3a (mol); nCu = 2a (mol) 81 x 3a + 80 x 2x = 40,3 a = 0,1 (mol) %Cu = 0,1x 64 x100% = 39,63% p n C. 0,1x 64 + 0,15x 65
Ghi ch: C th khng cn dng n d kin X tc dng vi oxi to 40,3 gam hn hp oxit Zn + 2KOH K2ZnO2 + H2 0,15 0,15 0,1x 64 x100% = 39,63% p n C. 0,1x 64 + 0,15x 65 nCu = 0,25 - 0,15 = 0,1 (mol) %Cu =
Cu 50: Cho cc cht: (a) axit picric; (2) cumen; (3) xiclohexanol; (4) 1,2-ihiroxi-4metylbenzen; (5) 4-metylphenol; (6) -naphtol. Cc cht thuc loi phenol l:
A. (1), (3), (5), (6). C. (1), (2), (4), (5) B. (1), (2), (4), (6) D. (1), (4), (5), (6)
Cu 51: Cho 0,3 mol bt Cu v 0,6 mol Fe(NO3)2 vo dung dch cha 0,9 mol H2SO4 (Long). Sau khi cc phn ng ca hon ton, thu c V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 6,72 B. 8,96 C. 4,48 D. 10,08
n NO =
- Khi thm dung dch HCl Lm tng nng H+ Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch in li gim Loi phng n B. p n A. Cch 2: Phn tch, chn trc tip phng n cha ng V HCOOH l axit yu, phn li khng hon ton khi pha long 10 ln, dung dch thu c s c pH ln hn 4 p n A.
Cu 54: Hp cht hu c mch h X c cng thc phnt C5H10O. Cht X khng phn ng vi Na, tha mn s chuyn ha sau:
dac X H 2 / C Y CH 3COOH / H 2SO 4 Este c mi chui chn. Ni
0
Tn ca X l
Cu 55: nh gi s nhim kim loi nng trong nc thi ca mt nh my, ngi ta ly mt t nc, c c ri thm dung dch Na2S vo thy xut hin kt ta mu vng. Hin tng trn chng t nc thi b nhim bi ion
A. Fe2+ B. Cu2+ C. Pb2+ D. Cd2+
Hng dn gii:
Cd2+ + S2- CdS vng p n D. (FeS, CuS v PbS u kt ta en).
t t C Cu 56: Cho s phn ng: Stiren + H 2O / H C X CuO Y Br2 / Z , , H
+
0 0
Trong X, Y, Z u l cc sn phm chnh. Cng thc ca X, Y, Z ln lt l: A. C6H5CHOHCH3, C6H5COCH3, C6H5COCH2Br. B. C6H5CH2CH2OH, C6H5CH2CHO, C6H5CH2COOH. C. C6H5CH2CH2OH, C6H5CH2CHO, m-BrC6H4CH2COOH. D. C6H5CHOHCH3, C6H5COCH3, m-BrC6H4COCH3.
Cu 57: Trung ha hon ton 8,88 gam mt amin (bc mt, mch cacbon khng phn nhnh) bng axit HCl, to ra 17,64 gam mui. Amin c cng thc l
A. H2NCH2CH2CH2CH2NH2 C. H2NCH2CH2NH2 B. CH3CH2CH2NH2 D. H2NCH2CH2CH2NH2
Xem phn tch v hng dn gii (V d 33 - Phn th nht: Phn tch, la chn phng php gii nhanh v mt s th thut lm bi)
Cu 58: Cho s chuyn ha: Fe3O4 + dung dch HI (d) X + Y + H2O. Bit X v Y l sn phm cui cng ca qu trnh chuyn ha. Cc cht X v Y l
A. Fe v I2 B. FeI3 v FeI2 C. FeI2 v I2 D. FeI3 v I2
Cu 59: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm ba ancol (n chc thuc cng dy ng ng), thu c 8,96 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 11,7 gam H2O. Mt khc, nu un nng m gam X vi H2SO4 c th tng khi lng ete ti a thu c l
A. 7,85 gam B. 7,40 gam C. 6,50 gam D, 5,60 gam
Cu 60: Cht X c cc c im sau: phn t c nhiu nhm -OH, c v ngt, ha tan Cu(OH)2 nhit thng, phn t c lin kt glicozit, lm mt mu nc brom. Cht X l
A. xenluloz B. mantoz C. glucoz D. saccaroz