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KHOA IN T
GVHD:
NGUYN TH MINH TM
SVTH:
BI CNG TM
NGUYN TRN KIN
H NI-THNG 11-2010
NHN XT
CA GIO VIN HNG DN
Sau hn hai tun thc hin , nhm sinh vin thc hin ti Mch m 60 sn phm s dng IC
74ls192 rt cm n s hng dn thc hin ti ca c Tm. Vi nhng kin thc k thut s , v s
dng IC s cng vi nguyn l thu pht hng ngoi , nhm sinh vin hon thnh ti Mch m
60 sn phm s dng IC 74192 .
Nhn xt ca GVHD:
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LI NI U
Mc lc
g
Li ni u ...................................................................................................................4
Phn I :Gii thiu...........................................................................................................6
I .t vn .............................................................................................................6
II .Mc tiu...............................................................................................................6
III .Sn phm trn th trng...................................................................................6
IV .La chn ti..................................................................................................7
V .Gii hn ti.....................................................................................................7
Phn II :Ni dung...........................................................................................................9
I .Gii thiu..............................................................................................................9
II .Linh kin.............................................................................................................9
1 . LED THU,PHT HNG NGOI..................................................................9
2 . IC7400...........................................................................................................10
3 . IC7432...........................................................................................................10
4 . ICLM358.......................................................................................................11
5 . IC74192.........................................................................................................12
6 . IC74247.........................................................................................................13
7 . LED 7 THANH ............................................................................................14
III .Nguyn l hot ng........................................................................................14
IV .S nguyn l...............................................................................................15
V .S khi.........................................................................................................16
A.Khi thu pht hng ngoi...............................................................................16
B.Khi m v hin th......................................................................................17
C.Khi so snh v reset......................................................................................18
Phn III :Kt lun.........................................................................................................19
Phn I
Gii thiu
I.t vn :
T thp nin 70 , cc thit b k thut s ,mang mt tm quan trng khng th thiu trong
cuc sng t cc thit b nghe nhc digital , my vi tnh , cc h thng iu khin t ng ,. n cc
thit b y khoa , TD. c bit khi ra i ca vi x l th tm nh hng ca n ngy cng ln . Bi v
mch k thut s c cc u im :
- D thit k .
- D lu tr , truyn ti .
- chnh xc cao , t b nh hng bi nhiu.
- C th lp trnh c .
- C th d dng to mch tch hp vi chc nng n gin ti phc tp .
V th trong tng lai , ng dng k thut s ngy cng ln t lnh vc gii tr n cng ngh , y
khoa ti vin thng , xe hi ti phi thuyn v tr .
II.Mc tiu :
- Hon thnh thit k - thi cng thc t .
- Mch hot ng tt vi bn cao.
- C th pht trin ti : mch cng dn , m tng ,..
III.Nhng sn phm trn th trng :
-
Sn phm ca cng ty Hong Quc Tico 734 006 Timer Counter , nhng khng c
tch hp sensor hng ngoi :
IV. La chn ti :
ti m sn phm dng tn hiu hng ngoi v IC s ca nhm sinh vin c thc hin
nhm th nghim tnh chnh xc v n nh ca IC s trong ng dng thc tin so vi sn phm
trn th trng . ti ny c thc hin vi nhng linh kin ri to thnh cc khi chc nng
nh : khi thu pht hng ngoi , khi m sn phm & hin th s m , khi t trc s m &
hin th , khi so snh & bo hiu khi ti s m t trc .
Khi thu pht
hng ngoi
Khi m m
BCD
Khi so snh
s m
Khi thu pht hng ngoi dng tia hng ngoi pht hin c sn phm i qua , v khi cung cp
xung cho khi m ln . V khi m thc hin m ln m BCD 4 bit bng cc IC m 74192 , cung
cp m BCD cho khi hin th . Khi hin th gii m BCD sang led 7 on v hin th s sn phm m
c .
V.Gii hn ti:
- Board mch ln , nhiu linh kin IC , phn cng c nh .
- Khng c kh nng lp trnh .
- Mun nng cp chc nng phi thit k li phn cng .
Phn II:
NI DUNG
I .Gii thiu :
Mch m sn phm cn c cc khi nhn bit c sn phm i qua cung cp xung cho mch m
ln . Mch thc hin nhn bit sn phm bng mch thu pht hng ngoi . V thc hin chc nng
reset v 00 cn c mch so snh .
2.IC 74ls32
IC 7400 l IC cng NAND c trigger . IC ny c 14 chn , trong chn 7 GND ,14 VCC. C
tt c 4 cng NAND
4. IC LM358
Hot ng nh sau :
+ Chn 3 c phn p nh 2 tr 10K , nu dng ngun 5V th in p ti chn 3 s l 2.5V (ngi ta
thng dng mc ny l mc chun so snh ) , Nhng nn thay tr 10K trn bng 1 bin tr th tt
hn . Bin tr ny c tc dng thay i nhy ca LM358.
+ Chn 2 l chn c in p vo so snh
Nu in p ti chn 2 (V in) > in p ti chn 3 (V ref ) th u ra ti chn 1 c mc logic 0 , v ngc
li Vin < Vref th u ra c mc logic 1
T tn hiu c phn bit r mc 0 hay mc 1 gip transistor nhn bit c r rng.
10
5. IC 74192:
L IC thc hin nhim v m ln/ xung
khi c xung tc ng vo chn m UP /DOWN ..
Bng trng thi bn di cho thy IC m
khi chn PL ni mc cao v MR ni mc thp .
11
12
7. LED 7 THANH
Mch m sn phm bao gm cc khi nhn bit sn phm bng hng ngoi , khi m v hin
th s m ,khi so snh v reset .
Khi thu pht hng ngoi s lun c tia hng ngoi.p chn 2 > chn 3, u ra mc (- ), tran b
kha,u ra mc cao.Khi c sn phm i qua, tia hng ngoi b ngt lm gim p chn 2, u ra ti cc
C ca tran mc thp do tran thng. To ra 1 xung, kch cho mch m hot ng.
Xung vung ny tc ng ti khi m , t trc m ln , v s m c hin th trn LED 7
on .
Khi so snh va reset. Khi mch m n s t trc( y la s 60) th mch s reset v trng
thi ban u 00.
13
IV.S nguyn l:
14
V. S cc khi :
Bao gm cc khi thu pht hng hng ngoi , khi m v hin th s m , khi so snh v reset
v 00.
A.Khi thu pht hng ngoi:
V
_ A
R
R
_ A
6
U
_ A
R
R
3
D
1
D
2
L E
R
R
R
R
Q
N
1
P
D
4
L E
L M
3 5
7
C
C
C
C
Nhn bit sn phm i qua bng sng hng ngoi . Khi c sn phm i qua th sng hng ngoi
b ngt ,to ra chnh lch in p ng vo ca IC LM358 .Bnh thng in p chn 2 LM358 cao hn
chn 3 , p ra chn 6 mang gi tr m , khi c sn phm i qua th LED thu dn lm gim p chn 2 , p
ra chn 6 tng ln gi tr dng , lm cho transistor C1815 dn to ra xung cp cho mch m.
T C1 102 c nhim v gim bt xung nhiu ca Led thu khi c sn phm i qua . T C2 lc
nhiu mt ln na , sau khi qua IC LM358. Transistor Q1 dng loi npn nh :C1815 hay A2222N u
c , nhng dng loi 2222N th m bo n nh hn .
in tr R5,R6 dng chnh nhy ca Led thu hng ngoi thng qua mc p so snh ti
chn 2 ca IC so snh LM358 .Khi tng gi tr R5 th nng p chn 2 ln , v vy mt s thay i nh
ca Led thu cng s c nhn bit , v lm thay i gi tr p ra ca IC LM358 .Nh th to ra xung
vung ng vo khi m.
15
DB
UC
1 4
1 1 C L
L O
R
A
7 4
Q
Q
Q
Q
L
L
K
K
DB
UC
1 4
1 1 C L
L O
R
A
C
C
7 4
W
U
0
1
2
3
4
5
2
_
VC C
L S
3
0 2
1 6
2 7
3
1 3
O 1 2
O
7
1
2
6
3
5
5
D
D
D
D
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
I
B
I / R
L S
2 4
0
1
2
3
L T
R B
1
1
1
1
9
1
1
7 4
R
R
3
2
1
0
5
4
4
B
_ A
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
D
1 9
1
2
3
4
5
_ A
16
1 9
L T
R B
7 4
16
U
1 5
P
1
1 0 P
P
9
P
3
5
0
1
2
3
L S
V
1 3
O 1 2
O
_ A
5
4
3
2
1
K
K
C
C
D
D
D
D
VC C
L
L
4
5
G N D
VC C
Q
Q
Q
Q
7
1
2
6
G N D
0
1
2
3
3
0 2
1 6
2 7
3
C O
J 2
1
2
3
4
5
C
R
R
_ A
L S
I / R
2 4
1
1
1
1
9
1
1
4
B
3
2
1
0
5
4
O
5
4
3
2
1
16
G N D
G N D
VC C
U
1 5
P
1
1 0 P
P
9
P
16
V
O
7
J
C
4
O
Khi m nhn xung m t mch thu pht hng ngoi , v chuyn xung thnh xung m ln cho
mch m. Mch m dng IC 74192 vi chn vo Up c kch mc cao , thc hin m ln theo
m BCD . M BCD to c gii m qua IC 74247 gii m sang LED 7 on , Anode chung , hin
th s m thp phn 2 ch s .
to ra chnh xc cho s m th s m ban u c reset v 0 nh nt nhn Reset chn
14 .y l cng tc thng ng, chn 14 ni mass, mch hot ng m. Khi cng tc nhn 1 ln th
ngt chn 14 khi mass, mch t ng reset v 00, v m li t u.
16
P
1 0 P
P
9
P
4
5
1
1
16
Q
Q
Q
Q
3
0 2
1 6
2 7
3
L K
L K
D B
UC
1
O 1
O
0
1
2
3
C
C
VC C
4
1 C L R
L O A
8 A
1
3
2
3
2
4 L
0 0
U
G N D
9 A
1
3
L S
7 4
9 2
2
7
_ A
W
S
Q
Q
Q
Q
L
L
K
K
D B
UC
1 4
1 1 C L
L O
R
A
4
5
1
W
_ P
C
C
4 L
3
0 2
1 6
2 7
3
3 2
7 A
1
3
2
1 3
O 1 2
O
4 L
0 0
G N D
0
1
2
3
VC C
1 5
P
1
1 0 P
P
9
P
16
4 L
D
1 9
Khi so snh gm 2 IC: 74ls00 ( IC cng Nand) v 74ls32 (IC cng Or)
Thc hin so snh:
6=0110
0ab0
1=0001
000c
Chn 11 thc hin chc nng thit lp u vo thng qua 4 chn: 15-1-10-9.T hp u vo l: 0000
Chn 11 tch cc mc thp:
Khi mch m ti gi tr 61 th chn 11 mc logic 0 v mch reset v 00.
17
PHN III
Kt lun
Sau hn hai tun thc hin , nhm sinh vin thc hin ti Mch m sn phm t 1 n
60 s dng IC 74192 rt cm n s hng dn thc hin ti ca c Tm. Vi nhng kin thc k
thut s , v s dng IC s cng vi nguyn l thu pht hng ngoi , nhm sinh vin hon thnh ti
Mch m sn phm s dng IC s , nhng vn cn c nhng sai st trong vn chng nhiu cho
mch m. Vi s hng dn ca gio vin hng dn nhm sinh vin gii quyt c vn ny .
Nhng vn cn vn cn gii quyt l tnh n nh ca mch m sau khong thi gian di .
1. u im v Khuyt im ca mch
1.1 u im
Mch m sn phm c u im l n gin, gn nh hot ng n nh,d lp t v sa cha.
Mch thc hin m s lng sn phm t dy chuyn sn xut mt cch chnh xc, thay th cho vic
m sn phm ca cng nhn tit kim sc lao ng. hot ng vi dng in mt chiu 5V nn tit
kim c nng lng.
1.2 Khuyt im
Bn cnh nhng u im v mch n sn phm cn mc nhng khuyt im sau: khong cch
gia LED thu v LED pht khng qu xa. Mt khc, khi 2 sn phm ng gn nhau th mch ch m
mt sn phm, kt qu m khng chnh xc. Chnh v vy, mch m sn phm yu cu gia 2 sn
phm phi c mt khong cch nht nh.
2.M rng ti
Vi ti Mch m 60 sn phm dng IC 74ls192 mch ch gii hn 60 sn phm, khng
c s linh hot s sn phm m. C th m rng ti, bng vic thm mt b t trc s m, v
hin th s m t trc th ti s c tng qut thnh Mch m sn phm dng IC 74ls192.
18
2.1 S khi:
Khi thu pht
hng ngoi
Khi m m
BCD
Khi t trc
s m
Khi so snh
s m
19
2.2.2.IC 74112:
S chn v bng trng thi cho hnh bn di.
20
2.2.4.IC 74147:
L IC thc hin chc nng gii m u tin t nt nhn thp phn sang m BCD tng ng ,
nhng b o . Theo nh bng chn tht pha di :
2.2.5.IC 74194:
S chn v bng trng thi cho hnh bn di .
IC ny c 16 chn , vi 2 chn ngun : 7-GND 16-Vcc .
Da trn bng s tht th IC ny thc hin chc nng dch 4 bit ng vo sang 4 bit ng ra v c
th cht mc ra. Nh vy c th dng n dch m BCD sau gii m lu m BCD sau khi c nt
nhn tc ng . V vy ta ch thc hin chc nng dch song song ca IC ny . Chn MR , S0 v S1 ni
vi mc cao thc hin chc nng ny .
2.3 S nguyn l v nguyn tc hot ng
Vic thc hin hin th s t trc phi dng IC 74133 nhn bit s ln nt nhn cho ra hin
th hng n v , hng chc . IC 74133 to ra xung ny cho php IC m 74122 to ra m nh phn 2 bit
cho php thanh ghi 74194 ghi dch cho Ic gii m 7 on 74247.
Dng 10 nut nhn t trc s m thp phn thng qua IC 74147 gii m s thp phn sang
m BCD . V IC74133 l IC gii m u tin nn ch nhn s m ln nht khi nhn ng thi cc nt
nhn . V ng ra b o nn phi dng cng o IC 7414.
V ng ra BCD ny c a qua 2 thanh ghi dch 74194 la chn cho hng n v , hng
chc .Vic nhn bit s thp phn hng chc hay n v c thc hin thng qua s ln nhn . Vic
nhn bit s ln nhn nh IC 74133 , cng NAND 13 input , v IC 74112 . Khi nhn ln 1 ng ra 74133
ln 1 ri v 0 to xung m cho 74112 . Ng ra Q ca 74112 kch thanh ghi U3 , 74194 , dch m
BCD n v , thanh ghi U4 khng hot ng . Nhn ln 2 th cng Q- ln 1 ri v khng to xung
m cho thanh ghi dch U4 hot ng , dch m BCD hng chc cho Led hin th .
23