TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP H NI

KHOA IN T

BI TP LN MN THC HNH K THUT XUNG S

TI:

THIT K MCH M 60 SN PHM

DNG IC 74ls192

GVHD:
NGUYN TH MINH TM
SVTH:
BI CNG TM
NGUYN TRN KIN

H NI-THNG 11-2010

NHN XT
CA GIO VIN HNG DN
Sau hn hai tun thc hin , nhm sinh vin thc hin ti Mch m 60 sn phm s dng IC
74ls192 rt cm n s hng dn thc hin ti ca c Tm. Vi nhng kin thc k thut s , v s
dng IC s cng vi nguyn l thu pht hng ngoi , nhm sinh vin hon thnh ti Mch m
60 sn phm s dng IC 74192 .

Nhn xt ca GVHD:
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Mch m sn phm dng IC s

LI NI U

-Tri qua qu trnh hc tp vi cc mn hc : in t c bn 1 & 2, k thut s v

thc tp k thut s , v vi yu cu ca mn thc hnh k thut xung s , nhm sinh vin
ng k ti : Mch m 60 sn phm s dng IC 74ls192 .
- Hin nay , trong cc x nghip , i vi cng vic ng gi cc sn phm th
chnh xc l cn thit .V vy , bit chnh xc s lng sn phm ng gi l mt cng
vic quan trng. Vi mch m sn phm v t trc s sn phm ng gi s gip chu
trnh t ng ha hot ng nhanh chng v tin li.
- Hin nay trn th trng c mt s sn phm Counter do mt s nh phn phi
cung cp nh XC410/10, hay XC22B ,XC200NX,XC1200 , c tch hp sensor
XC410/XC10B ca hng SELECT .Tuy nhin , i vi sinh vin c kin thc hn hp th
thc hin mch m sn phm dng IC s l c th thc hin v vic thc hin mch cm
bin hng ngoi l khng qu kh khn.

Mch m sn phm dng IC s

Mc lc
g
Li ni u ...................................................................................................................4
Phn I :Gii thiu...........................................................................................................6
I .t vn .............................................................................................................6
II .Mc tiu...............................................................................................................6
III .Sn phm trn th trng...................................................................................6
IV .La chn ti..................................................................................................7
V .Gii hn ti.....................................................................................................7
Phn II :Ni dung...........................................................................................................9
I .Gii thiu..............................................................................................................9
II .Linh kin.............................................................................................................9
1 . LED THU,PHT HNG NGOI..................................................................9
2 . IC7400...........................................................................................................10
3 . IC7432...........................................................................................................10
4 . ICLM358.......................................................................................................11
5 . IC74192.........................................................................................................12
6 . IC74247.........................................................................................................13
7 . LED 7 THANH ............................................................................................14
III .Nguyn l hot ng........................................................................................14
IV .S nguyn l...............................................................................................15
V .S khi.........................................................................................................16
A.Khi thu pht hng ngoi...............................................................................16
B.Khi m v hin th......................................................................................17
C.Khi so snh v reset......................................................................................18
Phn III :Kt lun.........................................................................................................19

Mch m sn phm dng IC s

Phn I
Gii thiu

I.t vn :
T thp nin 70 , cc thit b k thut s ,mang mt tm quan trng khng th thiu trong
cuc sng t cc thit b nghe nhc digital , my vi tnh , cc h thng iu khin t ng ,. n cc
thit b y khoa , TD. c bit khi ra i ca vi x l th tm nh hng ca n ngy cng ln . Bi v
mch k thut s c cc u im :
- D thit k .
- D lu tr , truyn ti .
- chnh xc cao , t b nh hng bi nhiu.
- C th lp trnh c .
- C th d dng to mch tch hp vi chc nng n gin ti phc tp .
V th trong tng lai , ng dng k thut s ngy cng ln t lnh vc gii tr n cng ngh , y
khoa ti vin thng , xe hi ti phi thuyn v tr .
II.Mc tiu :
- Hon thnh thit k - thi cng thc t .
- Mch hot ng tt vi bn cao.
- C th pht trin ti : mch cng dn , m tng ,..
III.Nhng sn phm trn th trng :
-

Hng SELECT c cc sn phm tch hp sn sensor hng ngoi :

XC410/10 , XC22B .XC200NX hin th led , LXC9 , LT9 hin th LCD .

Mch m sn phm dng IC s

Sn phm ca cng ty Hong Quc Tico 734 006 Timer Counter , nhng khng c
tch hp sensor hng ngoi :

Mch m sn phm dng IC s

IV. La chn ti :
ti m sn phm dng tn hiu hng ngoi v IC s ca nhm sinh vin c thc hin
nhm th nghim tnh chnh xc v n nh ca IC s trong ng dng thc tin so vi sn phm
trn th trng . ti ny c thc hin vi nhng linh kin ri to thnh cc khi chc nng
nh : khi thu pht hng ngoi , khi m sn phm & hin th s m , khi t trc s m &
hin th , khi so snh & bo hiu khi ti s m t trc .
Khi thu pht
hng ngoi

Khi m m
BCD

Hin th bng Led 7

on

Khi so snh
s m

Thc hin so snh v

reset v 00

Khi thu pht hng ngoi dng tia hng ngoi pht hin c sn phm i qua , v khi cung cp
xung cho khi m ln . V khi m thc hin m ln m BCD 4 bit bng cc IC m 74192 , cung
cp m BCD cho khi hin th . Khi hin th gii m BCD sang led 7 on v hin th s sn phm m
c .
V.Gii hn ti:
- Board mch ln , nhiu linh kin IC , phn cng c nh .
- Khng c kh nng lp trnh .
- Mun nng cp chc nng phi thit k li phn cng .

Mch m sn phm dng IC s

Phn II:
NI DUNG
I .Gii thiu :
Mch m sn phm cn c cc khi nhn bit c sn phm i qua cung cp xung cho mch m
ln . Mch thc hin nhn bit sn phm bng mch thu pht hng ngoi . V thc hin chc nng
reset v 00 cn c mch so snh .

II.Gii thiu linh kin :

1.Led thu,pht hng ngoi
nh sng hng ngoi (tia hng ngoi) l nh sng khng nhn thy c bng mt thng c bc sng
t 0.86m n 0.98m. C vn tc bng vn tc nh sng.
Tia hng ngoi d b hp th, kh nng xuyn thu km. Pht c hng, v chm tia hp. V vy khi thu
phi ng hng.
Vt liu bn dn trong sut vi nh sng hng ngoi. V vy nh sng hng ngoi khng b suy yu
khi i qua vt liu bn dn.
Led thu quang( photo diode), hot ng ch phn cc nghch, v i-t c 1 ming thy tinh nh
sng chiu vo mi P-N (tia hng ngoi), dng in ngc qua diode t l thun vi cng nh sng
chiu vo diode.

Mch m sn phm dng IC s .

2.IC 74ls32

IC 74ls32 l IC cng OR c trigger . IC ny c 14 chn , trong chn 7 GND ,14 VCC. C tt

c 4 cng OR . ng tn hiu khi i qua IC ny s b o .
3 .IC 74ls00:

IC 7400 l IC cng NAND c trigger . IC ny c 14 chn , trong chn 7 GND ,14 VCC. C
tt c 4 cng NAND

Mch m sn phm dng IC s .

4. IC LM358

Hot ng nh sau :
+ Chn 3 c phn p nh 2 tr 10K , nu dng ngun 5V th in p ti chn 3 s l 2.5V (ngi ta
thng dng mc ny l mc chun so snh ) , Nhng nn thay tr 10K trn bng 1 bin tr th tt
hn . Bin tr ny c tc dng thay i nhy ca LM358.
+ Chn 2 l chn c in p vo so snh
Nu in p ti chn 2 (V in) > in p ti chn 3 (V ref ) th u ra ti chn 1 c mc logic 0 , v ngc
li Vin < Vref th u ra c mc logic 1
T tn hiu c phn bit r mc 0 hay mc 1 gip transistor nhn bit c r rng.

10

Mch m sn phm dng IC s .

5. IC 74192:
L IC thc hin nhim v m ln/ xung
khi c xung tc ng vo chn m UP /DOWN ..
Bng trng thi bn di cho thy IC m
khi chn PL ni mc cao v MR ni mc thp .

11

Mch m sn phm dng IC s .

6. IC gii m 7 on 74247 :
IC ny c 16 chn . Chn ngun 8-GND , 16- Vcc. thc
hin chc nng gii m m BCD sang 7 on th phi kt ni chn
LT vi mc cao v chn RBO cng ni mc cao .
tt s 0 LED 7 on hng chc khi mch ang m
cha ti hng chc th IC gii m hng chc th phi ni chn RBO
ca IC ny vi chn RBI ca IC gii m hng n v .

12

Mch m sn phm dng IC s .

7. LED 7 THANH

III) Nguyn l hot ng

Mch m sn phm bao gm cc khi nhn bit sn phm bng hng ngoi , khi m v hin
th s m ,khi so snh v reset .
Khi thu pht hng ngoi s lun c tia hng ngoi.p chn 2 > chn 3, u ra mc (- ), tran b
kha,u ra mc cao.Khi c sn phm i qua, tia hng ngoi b ngt lm gim p chn 2, u ra ti cc
C ca tran mc thp do tran thng. To ra 1 xung, kch cho mch m hot ng.
Xung vung ny tc ng ti khi m , t trc m ln , v s m c hin th trn LED 7
on .
Khi so snh va reset. Khi mch m n s t trc( y la s 60) th mch s reset v trng
thi ban u 00.

13

Mch m sn phm dng IC s .

IV.S nguyn l:

14

Mch m sn phm dng IC s .

V. S cc khi :
Bao gm cc khi thu pht hng hng ngoi , khi m v hin th s m , khi so snh v reset
v 00.
A.Khi thu pht hng ngoi:
V

_ A

R
R

_ A

6
U

_ A

R
R

3
D

1
D

2
L E

R
R

R
R

Q
N

1
P

D
4

L E

L M

3 5

7
C
C
C
C

Nhn bit sn phm i qua bng sng hng ngoi . Khi c sn phm i qua th sng hng ngoi
b ngt ,to ra chnh lch in p ng vo ca IC LM358 .Bnh thng in p chn 2 LM358 cao hn
chn 3 , p ra chn 6 mang gi tr m , khi c sn phm i qua th LED thu dn lm gim p chn 2 , p
ra chn 6 tng ln gi tr dng , lm cho transistor C1815 dn to ra xung cp cho mch m.
T C1 102 c nhim v gim bt xung nhiu ca Led thu khi c sn phm i qua . T C2 lc
nhiu mt ln na , sau khi qua IC LM358. Transistor Q1 dng loi npn nh :C1815 hay A2222N u
c , nhng dng loi 2222N th m bo n nh hn .
in tr R5,R6 dng chnh nhy ca Led thu hng ngoi thng qua mc p so snh ti
chn 2 ca IC so snh LM358 .Khi tng gi tr R5 th nng p chn 2 ln , v vy mt s thay i nh
ca Led thu cng s c nhn bit , v lm thay i gi tr p ra ca IC LM358 .Nh th to ra xung
vung ng vo khi m.

15

Mch m sn phm dng IC s .

B. Mch m v hin th dng IC 74LS192 & 74247:

J

DB
UC

1 4
1 1 C L
L O

R
A

7 4

Q
Q
Q
Q

L
L

K
K

DB
UC

1 4
1 1 C L
L O

R
A

C
C

7 4

W
U

0
1
2
3

4
5

2
_

VC C

L S

3
0 2
1 6
2 7
3
1 3
O 1 2
O

7
1
2
6
3
5

5
D
D
D
D

A
B
C
D
E
F
G

I
B

I / R

L S

2 4

0
1
2
3

L T
R B

1
1
1
1
9
1
1

7 4

R
R

3
2
1
0
5
4

4
B

_ A

A
B
C
D
E
F
G

D
1 9

1
2
3
4
5

_ A

16

1 9

L T
R B

7 4

16

U
1 5
P
1
1 0 P
P
9
P

3
5

0
1
2
3

L S
V

1 3
O 1 2
O

_ A

5
4
3
2
1

K
K

C
C

D
D
D
D

VC C

L
L

4
5

G N D

VC C

Q
Q
Q
Q

7
1
2
6

G N D

0
1
2
3

3
0 2
1 6
2 7
3

C O
J 2

1
2
3
4
5

C
R
R

_ A

L S

I / R
2 4

1
1
1
1
9
1
1
4
B

3
2
1
0
5
4
O

5
4
3
2
1

16

G N D

G N D

VC C

U
1 5
P
1
1 0 P
P
9
P

16

V
O

7
J
C

4
O

Khi m nhn xung m t mch thu pht hng ngoi , v chuyn xung thnh xung m ln cho
mch m. Mch m dng IC 74192 vi chn vo Up c kch mc cao , thc hin m ln theo
m BCD . M BCD to c gii m qua IC 74247 gii m sang LED 7 on , Anode chung , hin
th s m thp phn 2 ch s .
to ra chnh xc cho s m th s m ban u c reset v 0 nh nt nhn Reset chn
14 .y l cng tc thng ng, chn 14 ni mass, mch hot ng m. Khi cng tc nhn 1 ln th
ngt chn 14 khi mass, mch t ng reset v 00, v m li t u.

16

Mch m sn phm dng IC s .

C.Khi so snh v reset

P
1 0 P
P
9
P
4
5
1
1

16

Q
Q
Q
Q

3
0 2
1 6
2 7
3

L K
L K

D B
UC

1
O 1
O

0
1
2
3

C
C

VC C

4
1 C L R
L O A

8 A

1
3
2
3
2

4 L

0 0
U

G N D

9 A

1
3

L S

7 4

9 2

2
7

_ A

W
S

Q
Q
Q
Q

L
L

K
K

D B
UC

1 4
1 1 C L
L O

R
A

4
5

1
W

_ P

C
C

4 L

3
0 2
1 6
2 7
3

3 2

7 A

1
3
2

1 3
O 1 2
O

4 L

0 0

G N D

0
1
2
3

VC C

1 5
P
1
1 0 P
P
9
P

16

4 L

D
1 9

Khi so snh gm 2 IC: 74ls00 ( IC cng Nand) v 74ls32 (IC cng Or)
Thc hin so snh:
6=0110
0ab0

1=0001
000c

Chn 11 thc hin chc nng thit lp u vo thng qua 4 chn: 15-1-10-9.T hp u vo l: 0000
Chn 11 tch cc mc thp:
Khi mch m ti gi tr 61 th chn 11 mc logic 0 v mch reset v 00.

17

Mch m sn phm dng IC s

PHN III
Kt lun
Sau hn hai tun thc hin , nhm sinh vin thc hin ti Mch m sn phm t 1 n
60 s dng IC 74192 rt cm n s hng dn thc hin ti ca c Tm. Vi nhng kin thc k
thut s , v s dng IC s cng vi nguyn l thu pht hng ngoi , nhm sinh vin hon thnh ti
Mch m sn phm s dng IC s , nhng vn cn c nhng sai st trong vn chng nhiu cho
mch m. Vi s hng dn ca gio vin hng dn nhm sinh vin gii quyt c vn ny .
Nhng vn cn vn cn gii quyt l tnh n nh ca mch m sau khong thi gian di .

1. u im v Khuyt im ca mch
1.1 u im
Mch m sn phm c u im l n gin, gn nh hot ng n nh,d lp t v sa cha.
Mch thc hin m s lng sn phm t dy chuyn sn xut mt cch chnh xc, thay th cho vic
m sn phm ca cng nhn tit kim sc lao ng. hot ng vi dng in mt chiu 5V nn tit
kim c nng lng.
1.2 Khuyt im
Bn cnh nhng u im v mch n sn phm cn mc nhng khuyt im sau: khong cch
gia LED thu v LED pht khng qu xa. Mt khc, khi 2 sn phm ng gn nhau th mch ch m
mt sn phm, kt qu m khng chnh xc. Chnh v vy, mch m sn phm yu cu gia 2 sn
phm phi c mt khong cch nht nh.

2.M rng ti
Vi ti Mch m 60 sn phm dng IC 74ls192 mch ch gii hn 60 sn phm, khng
c s linh hot s sn phm m. C th m rng ti, bng vic thm mt b t trc s m, v
hin th s m t trc th ti s c tng qut thnh Mch m sn phm dng IC 74ls192.

18

Mch m sn phm dng IC s .

2.1 S khi:
Khi thu pht
hng ngoi

Khi m m
BCD

Hin th bng Led 7

on

Khi t trc
s m

Khi so snh
s m

Thc hin reset v 00

2.2 Gii thiu linh kin:

2.2.1.IC 7414:
IC 7414 l IC cng NOT c trigger . IC ny c 14 chn , trong chn 7 GND ,14 VCC. C tt
c 6 cng NOT . ng tn hiu khi i qua IC ny s b o .
Dng IC ny thc hin tr li m BCD ng sau khi ra khi IC gii m u tin 74147 ( thp phn
sang BCD) .

Mc in p s dng v khong nhit hot ng cho bng di.

19

Mch m sn phm dng IC s

2.2.2.IC 74112:
S chn v bng trng thi cho hnh bn di.

IC 74112 c chc nng m 2 bit

.
Nh vy khi c xung clock th ng
ra Q thay i trng thi .V vy c th p dng , mi khi c nt nhn th Q i trng thi , ch kch cho
mt thanh ghi dch lm vic.
2.2.3. IC 74133:
L IC 13 inputs NAND ,1 ng ra .IC 74133 c dng nhn bit c nt nhn .Khi c bt k
nt no c nhn th ng ra ny trng thi ln 1 .

20

Mch m sn phm dng IC s .

2.2.4.IC 74147:
L IC thc hin chc nng gii m u tin t nt nhn thp phn sang m BCD tng ng ,
nhng b o . Theo nh bng chn tht pha di :

2.2.5.IC 74194:
S chn v bng trng thi cho hnh bn di .
IC ny c 16 chn , vi 2 chn ngun : 7-GND 16-Vcc .

Mch m sn phm dng IC s .

21

Da trn bng s tht th IC ny thc hin chc nng dch 4 bit ng vo sang 4 bit ng ra v c
th cht mc ra. Nh vy c th dng n dch m BCD sau gii m lu m BCD sau khi c nt
nhn tc ng . V vy ta ch thc hin chc nng dch song song ca IC ny . Chn MR , S0 v S1 ni
vi mc cao thc hin chc nng ny .
2.3 S nguyn l v nguyn tc hot ng
Vic thc hin hin th s t trc phi dng IC 74133 nhn bit s ln nt nhn cho ra hin
th hng n v , hng chc . IC 74133 to ra xung ny cho php IC m 74122 to ra m nh phn 2 bit
cho php thanh ghi 74194 ghi dch cho Ic gii m 7 on 74247.
Dng 10 nut nhn t trc s m thp phn thng qua IC 74147 gii m s thp phn sang
m BCD . V IC74133 l IC gii m u tin nn ch nhn s m ln nht khi nhn ng thi cc nt
nhn . V ng ra b o nn phi dng cng o IC 7414.
V ng ra BCD ny c a qua 2 thanh ghi dch 74194 la chn cho hng n v , hng
chc .Vic nhn bit s thp phn hng chc hay n v c thc hin thng qua s ln nhn . Vic
nhn bit s ln nhn nh IC 74133 , cng NAND 13 input , v IC 74112 . Khi nhn ln 1 ng ra 74133
ln 1 ri v 0 to xung m cho 74112 . Ng ra Q ca 74112 kch thanh ghi U3 , 74194 , dch m
BCD n v , thanh ghi U4 khng hot ng . Nhn ln 2 th cng Q- ln 1 ri v khng to xung
m cho thanh ghi dch U4 hot ng , dch m BCD hng chc cho Led hin th .

Mch m sn phm dng IC s .

22

Ti liu tham kho :

1- Gio trnh k thut s - H S PHM K THUT
2- S Chn Linh Kin Bn Dn -Dng Minh Tr - Nxb Tr.
3- Website: dientuvietnam.net

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